TWI619781B - 防滑塗層及其製備與應用方法 - Google Patents

防滑塗層及其製備與應用方法 Download PDF

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TWI619781B
TWI619781B TW102127990A TW102127990A TWI619781B TW I619781 B TWI619781 B TW I619781B TW 102127990 A TW102127990 A TW 102127990A TW 102127990 A TW102127990 A TW 102127990A TW I619781 B TWI619781 B TW I619781B
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slip coating
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孫美茹
薛茂誼
閆海龍
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Abstract

本發明係關於一種防滑塗層,其包含樹脂、稀釋劑、PMU顆粒及光起始劑。本發明亦係關於防滑塗層之製法、施加防滑塗層之方法及經該等防滑塗層塗覆之基板。

Description

防滑塗層及其製備與應用方法
本發明係關於一種防滑塗層,其包含PMU顆粒作為防滑劑。本發明亦係關於防滑塗層之製法、施加防滑塗層之方法及至少部份經防滑塗層塗覆之基板。
近年來,乙烯基塑膠地板因其優異性能、方便結構及低成本而被廣泛用於家庭及商業及工業建築中。通常,該等乙烯基地板需要防滑,尤其係當其應用於易於覆著水及/或油之場所(例如,走廊、樓梯、廁所、洗臉臺、廚房、浴室、游泳池、工作區等)時。乙烯基地板之防滑功能通常係藉由將防滑塗層施加於其表面上獲得。當前,在市面上可購得各種防滑塗層材料,然而,其中許多均具有缺點,例如固化塗層過厚及/或防滑性能不佳。
為提高性能,在某些情況下,將消光劑添加至塗層中以降低該塗層之表面光澤。常用的消光劑包括超細合成二氧化矽、微粉蠟、金屬硬脂酸鹽(諸如硬脂酸鋁、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂及硬脂酸鋅)等。然而,添加消光劑會損害塗層之防滑性能。廣泛採用的防滑測試標準為德國DIN 51130。當前,常用防滑塗層在該DIN 51130測試中僅可達到R8-R9水平,且因此無法滿足歐洲市場的要求。因此,需要可在DIN 51130測試中達到R10(甚至R11)之防滑塗層。
在實施例中,本發明係關於一種防滑塗層,其包含樹脂、稀釋劑、PMU顆粒及光起始劑。本發明防滑塗層之實施例不包含溶劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明之實施例提供製備防滑塗層之方法,該方法包括:將樹脂、稀釋劑及光起始劑添加至混合機中加以分散,以得到混合物A;將一部份PMU及防滑劑陶瓷顆粒及一部份混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,以得到混合物B;將剩餘部份的PMU及防滑劑及一部份混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,以得到混合物C;於混合機中將剩餘混合物A及混合物B及C混合在一起,以得到本發明防滑塗層。
在另一態樣中,本發明之實施例提供將本發明防滑塗層施加於基板上之方法,該方法包括:將本發明防滑塗層施加於整個或部份基板上;以紅外輻射處理該塗層基板;及藉由將該塗層曝露至紫外輻射使該處理基板固化。至少部份經防滑塗層塗覆之基板亦在本發明範圍內。
本發明防滑塗層包含PMU顆粒以代替廣泛用於現有防滑塗層之蠟材料,且視情況包含陶瓷微球顆粒作為輔助防滑顆粒。此後,除特別指出外,各組分之含量均係基於該塗層之總重量計。
本發明防滑塗層包含樹脂、稀釋劑、PMU顆粒、光起始劑及/或佐劑。
該樹脂係選自常用於UV可固化樹脂之樹脂,其包括(但不限於)聚酯丙烯酸酯及聚胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯。在實施例中,該樹脂可為丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯樹脂或脂族丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯樹脂。該脂族丙烯酸胺 基甲酸酯樹脂在PVC基板上具有良好黏著性,且具有極佳硬度及可撓性。樹脂之含量係佔約20至約60重量%,或約35至約50重量%。
該稀釋劑包括活性(甲基)丙烯酸酯,諸如(甲基)丙烯酸雜環基酯、雙官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯及脂族(甲基)丙烯酸酯。該等(甲基)丙烯酸雜環基酯可選自丙烯酸四氫呋喃酯(THFA)、環狀三羥甲基丙烷縮甲醛丙烯酸酯(CTFA)或N-丙烯醯嗎啉(acrylmorpholide),而在某些實施例中,該(甲基)丙烯酸雜環基酯為丙烯酸四氫呋喃酯。該等雙官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯可選自三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(HDDMA)及二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,而在某些實施例中,該雙官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯為三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯。該等脂族(甲基)丙烯酸酯可選自(甲基)丙烯酸直鏈或分支鏈C8-C12烷基酯,而在某些實施例中,該脂族(甲基)丙烯酸酯為丙烯酸異癸酯。該作為稀釋劑之活性(甲基)丙烯酸酯係用於稀釋寡聚物、參與光固化反應及影響塗層性能(包括固化速率及可撓性)。稀釋劑之含量係佔15至55重量%,或30至50重量%。
該消光劑包括PMU(聚甲基脲)顆粒。該等PMU顆粒之平均分散粒徑為50至200微米。PMU之含量係佔3至25重量%,或在其他實施例中佔8至15重量%。
PMU為具有高比表面積及低容積密度特性之特殊有機聚合物,其可在塗料工業中作為消光劑使用。在本發明塗層中已出乎意料地發現,當使用PMU作為消光劑時,其不僅實現顯著的消光效果,而且顯著提高該塗層之防滑性能。此結果係出乎意料的,因為熟習此項技術者不會預期防滑性能提高。本發明在防滑塗層中使用PMU而非二氧化矽或微粉蠟作為消光劑,其不僅實現顯著的消光效果,而且顯著地提高防滑性能。
PMU可賦予優點,其包括顯著的消光效果、與習知無機消光劑相比增厚效應較小及/或對觸變性影響極小。除溶劑系統以外,PMU可尤其適用於水性系統。由於PMU具有高透明度而不吸收UV光,故其係尤其適用於UV固化系統。
光起始劑之類型及含量係為熟習此項技術者所熟知,且該光起始劑可選自二苯甲酮光起始劑、Irgacure 184、Irgacure 754、Irgacure 369、TPO、Darocur 1173及此項技術中所熟知的其他光起始劑,其中Irgacure系列及Darocure系列為瑞士公司Ciba Specialty Chemicals之產品,且其產品型號係熟習此項技術者所熟知。較佳地,該光起始劑係選自由下列組成之群之一或多者:二苯甲酮光起始劑、Darocure 1173及Irgacure 754光起始劑。光起始劑之含量係佔2至10重量%,或在某些實施例中佔3至9重量%。
本發明防滑塗層亦視情況包含陶瓷微球顆粒,其主要組分為二氧化矽。該等陶瓷微球顆粒亦係作為消光劑及防滑劑。與作為主要消光劑及防滑劑之PMU相比,該等作為輔助消光劑及輔助防滑劑之陶瓷微球顆粒起配合作用,且可有助於提升塗層之防滑性能。該等陶瓷微球顆粒之平均粒徑D50為3.5微米。陶瓷微球顆粒之含量係佔0.1至3重量%,或0.5至2重量%。
本發明防滑塗層亦視情況包含一或多種常用於UV固化塗料之助劑,其包括消泡劑、調平劑、潤滑劑及分散劑。助劑之類型及用量係為熟習此項技術者所熟知,例如,消泡劑可選自EFKA2022、EFKA2527、BYK352、BYK354、AIREX 910、AIREX 920,其中EFKA系列為EFKA之產品,BYK系列為BYK之產品,且AIREX系列為TEGO之產品。助劑之含量為約0.1至約1重量%,或約0.1至約0.3重量%。
在實施例中,本發明防滑塗層不含溶劑。因此,其等對人體之 傷害可較少,火災隱患低,且環境友好性良好。
可將本發明防滑塗層施加至此項技術中已知之任何基板上,例如:汽車基板、工業基板、封裝基板、地板及傢具。該基板可為金屬或非金屬。金屬基板包括(例如)鋼、鍍錫鋼、鍍鋅鋼、鋁、鋁箔。非金屬基板包括聚合物、塑膠、聚酯、聚烯烴、聚醯胺、纖維素、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸、聚(聚萘二甲酸乙二酯)、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龍、EVOH、聚乳酸、聚(對苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(PC/ABS)、木材、木製複合板、水泥、石材、玻璃、紙張、紙板、紡織品、皮革(包括合成及天然皮革)及其他非金屬基板。在實施例中,可將本發明防滑塗層施加至聚氯乙烯(或在本文中稱為PVC或乙烯基塑膠)基板、木製基板及/或聚胺基甲酸酯基板上。在某些實施例中,將防滑塗層施加至地板(諸如由聚氯乙烯製成之地板)上。因此,本發明另外係關於一種至少部份經本發明塗層塗覆之基板,其中該基板包括地板。本文之「地板」係以其最寬泛意義使用,且包括所有類型之地板,諸如(但不限於)木材、PVC及聚胺基甲酸酯地板及地板材料等,其可經或未經一或多種其他塗層預處理或塗覆。
在實施例中,本發明之一目標係提高防滑塗層之防滑性能。在某些實施例中,可使用該等塗層作為乙烯基地板之無光澤防滑塗層,以提供優異防滑性能。本發明防滑塗層不僅可提供薄塗層,而且可提供具有優異防滑性能之塗層。
可藉由此項技術中之任何標準塗覆技術施加本發明防滑塗層,其包括(但不限於)輥塗、噴塗、幕塗、刮塗、浸塗及刷塗。在實施例中,可藉由輥塗施加本發明防滑塗層。
一種製備本發明防滑塗層之方法,其包括:a.將脂族(甲基)丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯、活性(甲基)丙烯酸酯及光起 始劑添加至混合機中加以分散,以得到混合物A;b.將PMU及陶瓷顆粒之總量之約40至50重量%及約20至50重量%之混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,直至達到約50至約90微米之海格曼(Hegman)細度等級,以得到混合物B;c.將該PMU及陶瓷顆粒之總量之剩餘部份及約20至約50重量%之混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,直至達到≧90微米之海格曼細度等級,以得到混合物C;及d.於混合機中混合剩餘混合物A及該等混合物B及C,以獲得該防滑塗層。
一種將本發明防滑塗層施加至基板(包括PVC基板、木製基板及/或聚胺基甲酸酯基板)上之方法,其包括:a.藉由(例如)輥塗,以約6至約35公克防滑塗層/平方米或約8至約20公克/平方米之用量將本發明防滑塗層施加至該基板上;b.在約50至70℃或約60至65℃之溫度下,以紅外輻射處理該防滑塗層約0.5至2分鐘或約1分鐘;c.藉由將該塗層曝露至紫外輻射使該防滑塗層固化。
藉由計算,本發明之固化防滑塗層形成約6至約35微米或約8至20微米之厚度。測試結果顯示,本發明防滑塗層因此具有薄厚度且具有極佳防滑性能。
就此描述之目的而言,應瞭解,除非明確有相反規定,否則本發明可假定各種替代性變體及步驟順序。此外,除非在任何操作實例中或另有說明,否則本說明書及申請專利範圍中所用之所有表示數值、範圍、含量或百分比(例如成份量)之數字均可解讀為如同以術語「約」開始並在所有情形下經術語「約」修飾一般,即使該術語並未明確出現。同樣地,應瞭解,本文所列舉的任何數值範圍意欲包括彼等範圍之端值及包含於其中之所有子範圍。例如,「1至10」之範圍意 欲包括介於(且包括)所列舉的最小值1與所列舉的最大值10之間之所有子範圍,亦即,具有等於或大於1之最小值及等於或小於10之最大值。因此,除非有相反指示,否則以下說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所列之數值參數為可依本發明欲獲得之所需性質而變化之近似值。至少,且不試圖將等同原則之應用限制於申請專利範圍,各數值參數應至少根據所記錄有效數位之數目並應用一般四捨五入技術加以理解。
儘管陳述本發明寬廣範圍之數值範圍及參數為近似值,但具體實例中所列之數值應儘可能精確記錄。然而,任何數值固有地包含必然由發現於其各自測試測量值中之標準偏差所造成之某些誤差。
如本說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所用,除非另有明確說明,否則單數涵蓋複數,且反之亦然。例如,雖然本文提及冠詞「一」、「一個」及「該」,但除非明確及不含糊地侷限於一個指示物,否則包括複數個指示物。例如,雖然本文提及「一種」PMU顆粒、「一種」光起始劑及類似物,但可使用此等組分及任何其他組分中之各者之一或多種。此外,在本申請案中,即使在某些實例中可明確使用「及/或」,但除非另有明確說明,否則使用「或」意指「及/或」。「包括」、「例如」、「諸如」及類似術語意指包括、例如、諸如(但不限於)。
本文所提供之本發明之各種實施例及實例各應理解為不限制本發明之範圍。
將參考以下實例進一步描述本發明。以下實例僅係說明本發明而無意具限制性。
實例
提供以下實例以顯示本發明之一般原理。該等實例描述根據本發明實施例之防滑塗層之製備及其製備方法。除非另有說明,否則所有所列含量均係以總重量份描述。本發明不應視為侷限於所示具體實 例。
實例1:防滑塗層之製備
調配物係如下所示(基於防滑塗層之總重量計):
按照以下步驟製備該防滑塗層:a.將脂族丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯、丙烯酸四氫呋喃酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸異癸酯、光起始劑及消泡劑添加至混合機中加以分散,以得到混合物A;b.將該PMU及陶瓷顆粒之總量之約40至50重量%及約20至50重量%之混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,直至達到約50至約90微米之海格曼細度等級,以得到混合物B;c.將該等PMU及陶瓷顆粒之總量之剩餘部份及約20至50重量%之混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,直至達到≧90微米之海格曼細度等級,以得到混合物C;d.於混合機中混合剩餘混合物A及該等混合物B及C,以獲得該防滑塗層。
實例2:防滑塗層之製備
調配物係如下所示(基於防滑塗層之總重量計):
按照實例1中所述之步驟製備該防滑塗層。
實例3:防滑塗層之製備
調配物係如下所示(基於防滑塗層之總重量計):
除使用環狀三羥甲基丙烷縮甲醛丙烯酸酯代替丙烯酸四氫呋喃酯及不使用陶瓷微球顆粒以外,按照實例1中所述之步驟製備該防滑塗層。
比較實例1:防滑塗層之製備
調配物係如下所示(基於防滑塗層之總重量計):
除使用三氧化鋁及二氧化矽填料代替PMU顆粒以外,按照實例1中所述之步驟製備比較實例1之防滑塗層。
塗覆實例1:施加防滑塗層
按照以下步驟施加實例1-3及比較實例1中所製備之防滑塗層並使其固化,以形成防滑塗層:步驟1.藉由輥塗,以約12公克防滑塗層/平方米之用量將本發明防滑塗層施加於PVC基板上;步驟2.接著,在約65℃之溫度下以紅外輻射處理該等塗層基板約1分鐘;步驟3.然後將該等處理基板曝露至紫外輻射,以獲得厚度為約12微米之塗層。
在DIN 51130測試中,實例1-3之固化防滑塗層最終具有大於20°之傾斜角,其係評定為R11。相反地,比較實例4之固化防滑塗層之傾斜角結果為9°,其係評定為R9,參見表1。該等測試結果證實:與比 較實例之不含PMU顆粒之塗層相比,包含PMU顆粒之本發明防滑塗層實現出乎意料的更佳防滑性能。
雖然上文已出於說明目的描述本發明之特定實施例,但熟習此項技術者將明白,可在不脫離如隨附申請專利範圍中所定義之本發明之情況下對本發明之細節作出諸多改變。因此,應瞭解,本發明並不限於所揭示的特定實施例,而是意欲涵蓋在如隨附申請專利範圍所定義之本發明之精神及範圍內之修改。

Claims (12)

  1. 一種防滑塗層,基於該塗層之總重量計,其包含:a.含量為20-60%之脂族(甲基)丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯;b.含量為10-55%之活性(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體;c.含量為3-25%之PMU顆粒;及d.含量為2-10%之光起始劑。
  2. 如請求項1之防滑塗層,其另外包含基於該塗層之總重量個別為0.1-3重量%含量之陶瓷微球顆粒及0.1-1重量%含量之助劑。
  3. 如請求項1之防滑塗層,其中該等PMU顆粒之平均分散粒度為50至200微米。
  4. 如請求項1之防滑塗層,其中該活性(甲基)丙烯酸酯包含雜環(甲基)丙烯酸酯、雙官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯及/或脂族(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
  5. 如請求項1之防滑塗層,其中該防滑塗層不含溶劑。
  6. 一種製備防滑塗層之方法,其包括:a.將脂族(甲基)丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯、活性(甲基)丙烯酸酯及光起始劑添加至混合機中加以分散,以得到混合物A;b.將PMU及陶瓷顆粒之總量之40至50重量%及20至50重量%之混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,直至達到50至90微米之海格曼(Hegman)細度等級,以得到混合物B;c.將該PMU及陶瓷顆粒之總量之剩餘部份及20至50重量%之混合物A混合在一起,然後於分散器中加以分散,直至達到≧90微米之海格曼細度等級,以得到混合物C;d.於混合機中混合剩餘混合物A及該等混合物B及C,以得到該防滑塗層。
  7. 一種塗覆基板之方法,其包括:a.將如請求項1之防滑塗層施加於該基板之至少一部份上;b.以紅外輻射處理該塗層基板;及c.藉由將該塗層曝露至紫外輻射使該塗層基板固化。
  8. 如請求項7之方法,其中該基板為聚氯乙烯。
  9. 如請求項7之方法,其中該防滑塗層係以6-35公克/平方米施加於該基板上。
  10. 如請求項7之方法,其中該固化防滑塗層具有6-35微米之厚度。
  11. 一種至少部份經如請求項1之塗層塗覆之基板。
  12. 如請求項11之基板,其中該基板為地板。
TW102127990A 2012-08-03 2013-08-05 防滑塗層及其製備與應用方法 TWI619781B (zh)

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EP2880109B1 (en) 2017-07-26
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