TWI611837B - 新穎催化劑之用途及使用該催化劑處理印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之方法 - Google Patents
新穎催化劑之用途及使用該催化劑處理印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本揭露係關於一種新穎催化劑、其用途及使用其處理印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之方法，其中，本揭露之催化劑係如下式(I)所示：[M(O)a]m+Xn- (I)其中，M、X、a、m及n係如說明書中所定義。
Description
本揭露係關於一種新穎的催化劑，尤指一種可有效處理印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之催化劑、其用途及使用其處理印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之方法。
印刷電路板(PCB)是高科技展業中資訊、通訊以及各種消費性電子不可或缺之重要零件，在最近幾十年間，印刷電路板被大量製造與使用，也產生了大量之印刷電路板廢料。而印刷電路板廢料中除了含有壓克力和環氧樹脂熱固性製品之外，也含有油墨、染料、玻璃纖維、各種銅和重金屬與各種具毒性之化學原料(例如：溴化物)，任意拋棄印刷電路板之廢料將造成嚴重之環境汙染，而壓克力和環氧樹脂熱固性製品之回收處理又存在高難度，也因此回收處理印刷電路板之廢料(金屬泥渣、膠渣)，已經成為一項非常重要且困難之環保課題。
PCB印製線路板生產會用到大量的油墨，印製板油墨的種類根據功能和用途可分為七種：抗蝕油墨、耐電鍍油墨、堵孔油墨、阻焊油墨(俗稱綠油)、標記油墨、導電油墨和可剝性油墨(俗稱蘭膠)等。油墨的成份主要是由樹脂、填料、顏料、助劑和溶劑等組成，不用的油墨常用NaOH溶液去除，排出的
油墨廢水的有機物濃度很高，呈鹼性。油墨廢水中含有在大量的樹脂，在酸性條件下易析出。
PCB油墨廢水是一種高濃度的有機廢水，其採用重鉻酸鉀作為氧化劑測定出的化學耗氧量，即重鉻酸鹽指數(CODcr)通常為5000-10000mg/L，有的可高達20000mg/L，懸浮固體(SS)約為800-1200mg/L，pH值一般呈鹼性，廢水顏色為深藍色，該類廢水約占PCB廢水總水量的5%左右。對PCB廢水處理而言，CODcr能否達標(<100mg/L)的關鍵是對油墨廢水中高濃度有機物的去除。傳統對PCB油墨廢水處理的工藝主要有：氧化法；生物處理法；過濾-吸咐法；酸化-凝聚法等，都是針對去除油墨廢水中的高濃有機物而採取的方法。然而這些工藝多半是將墨渣/膠渣經由此過濾分離出來後，再進行後續的物理化學處理，通常程式繁瑣而且會產生具強烈惡臭異味的含有樹脂與油墨等的固體廢棄物，目前根據國家危險廢棄物名錄的分類是屬於HW 13類的危廢，必須通過焚燒或填埋的方式處理。
有鑑於此，目前亟需發展一種可處理印刷電路板膠渣含油墨膠渣廢料之方法，以解決印刷電路板廢料所產生的環境汙染問題。
本揭露之主要目的係在提供一種催化劑及其用途，其可使油墨降解成水溶性物質，或可使高分子回收而轉變成可再利用之物質。
本揭露之另一目的係在提供一種印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法，其可有效處理印刷電路板膠渣廢料中的油墨及高分子，而達到分解及回收或改質印刷電路板中高分子之目的。
本揭露所提供之催化劑，係如下式(I)所示：[M(O)a]m+Xn- (I)
其中，M為IB族、IVB族、VB族、VIB族、VIIB族或VIIIB族之元素；X為Cl、Br、I、OAc、OC(O)C12H25、[(OSO2C6H4-CHCH2)n]、OTf、OSO2C6H4-Me(OTs)、SO4、SO3C12H25或乙醯丙酮(acetylacetonate,acac)；a為0至3之整數；m為2至4之整數；以及n為1至2之整數。其中，[OSO2C6H4-CHCH2]n的結構式為
。
此外，本揭露更提供如前式(I)所示之催化劑之用途，係用以降解油墨、改質(如，醯化)或回收高分子。
再者，本揭露所提供之印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法，包括下列步驟：將一印刷電路板膠渣廢料、一如前式(I)所示之催化劑、一反應試劑、及一第一溶劑混合，而得一混合物；於一預定溫度下反應該混合物；以及將反應後的該混合物加入一第二溶劑中。
當使用本揭露式(I)所示的催化劑處理印刷電路板時，可有效將油墨降解成水溶性物質，以符合環保之規定。此外，更可將印刷電路板中的塑料、染料、塑化劑分解，而樹脂等回收成壓克力和/或環氧類樹脂，或透過醯化反應使其轉換成可溶於一般有機溶劑的醯化型高分子，而可回收再利用。
於本揭露中，油墨之種類並無特殊限制，可為綠色或藍色油墨。其具體例子包括，但不限於：酞菁(Phthalocyanine)衍生物、偶氮系染料(Azo pigment)衍生物。
於本揭露之式(I)所示的催化劑中，a可為0，而M可為Ti(IV)、Zr(IV)、Hf(IV)、V(III)、Fe(II)/(III)、Cu(I/II)、或Mn(II/III)。
於本揭露之式(I)所示的催化劑中，M(O)a可為VO、VO3、ZrO、HfO、WO2、MoO2、CrO2或ReO3。
本揭露之式(I)所示的催化劑，較佳為Hf(O)Cl2、V(O)Cl2、V(O)[(O3SC6H4CHCH2)n]2、V(O)Cl3、V(O)(OTf)2、MoO2Cl2、Mn(O)(OAc)、FeCl3、Zr(O)Cl2、Ti(O)(acac)2、V(O)SO4、V(O)(acac)2、MoO2(acac)2、Mn(II)SO4、FeSO4、或其混合物。
於本揭露之印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法中，所使用的反應試劑可為一酸酐類化合物、一磺酸酐類化合物、一醯鹵類化合物、一磺醯鹵類化合物、一氧化劑或其混合物。
當反應試劑為酸酐類化合物時，可如下式(II)所示：R1C(O)OC(O)R1’ (II)其中，R1及R1’係各自獨立為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
當反應試劑為磺酸酐類化合物時，可如下式(III)所示：R2SO2OSO2R2’ (III)其中，R2及R2’係各自獨立為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
當反應試劑為醯鹵類化合物時，可如下式(IV)所示：R3C(O)X’ (IV)其中，R3係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基；以及X’為Cl或Br。
當反應試劑為磺醯鹵類化合物時，可如下式(V)所示：R4SO2X” (V)其中，R4係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基；以及X”為Cl或Br。
當反應試劑為氧化劑時，可為一過氧酸類化合物、NaOCl、NaO2Cl、NaO3Cl、NaO4Cl、H2O2、H2O2-尿素(過碳酸醯胺(carbamide peroxide))、t-BuOOH、，異丙苯-OOH(cumene-OOH)、或Ar3COOH。其中，過氧酸類化合物可如下式(VI)所示：R5C(O)OOH (VI)
其中，R5係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
此外，於本揭露之印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法中，第一溶劑可為一羧酸類溶劑、一磺酸類溶劑、或其混合物。其中，羧酸類溶劑及磺酸類溶劑之具體例子可分別如下式(VII)及(VIII)所示：R6CO2H (VII)其中，R6係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基；R7SO3H (VII)其中，F7係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
於本揭露之印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法中，第二溶劑並無特殊限制，主要係用以清洗反應後的第一混合物。較佳為，第二溶劑為水、醇類(如甲醇、乙醇、(異)丙醇、(異)丁醇、特丁醇等)、醋酸或其混合物。
於本揭露之印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法中，反應的預訂溫度並無特殊限制，只要能有利於反應進行即可。較佳為，該預定溫度係介於40℃至110℃。
於本揭露之印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法中，催化劑的含量也無特殊限制，只要能達到催化油墨降解或進行高分子醯化反應即可。較佳為，催化劑的含量係佔混合物總重之0.5-10重量百分比。
圖1及圖2分別為實施例1之不同階段產物之1H NMR光譜圖。
圖3為實施例2產物之1H NMR光譜圖。
以下係藉由特定的具體實施例說明本揭露之實施方式，熟習此技藝之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地了解本揭露之其他優點與功效。本揭露亦可藉由其他不同的具體實施例加以施行或應用，本說明書中的各項細節亦可針對不同觀點與應用，在不悖離本創作之精神下進行各種修飾與變更。
催化劑合成
於本實施例中，催化劑合成可如下列反應式所示：V(O)SO4(aq)+BaX2(aq)→V(O)X2(aq)+BaSO4(s) V(O)SO4(aq)+Ba(OAc)2(aq)→V(O)(OAc)2(aq)+BaSO4(s) V(O)SO4(aq)+Ba(OTf)2(aq)→V(O)(OTf)2(aq)+BaSO4(s) V(O)SO4(aq)+Ba(OTs)2(aq)→V(O)(OTs)2(aq)+BaSO4(s) V(O)SO4(aq)+Ba[(O3SC6H4CHCH2)n]2(aq)→V(O)[(O3SC6H4CHCH2)n]2(aq)+BaSO4(s)於烘乾的雙頸圓底反應瓶(50mL)中置入2.5mmol的硫酸氧釩(VOSO4-5H2O)，而後加入無水MeOH(2.5mL)。在室溫下，於所得的溶液中，緩慢加入含2.5mmol(1equiv)的BaX2(如：Ba(OAc)2、BaOTs2、BaOTf2或Ba[(O3SC6H4CHCH2)n]2)甲醇溶液(2.5mL)。經攪拌30分鐘後，反應混合物呈混濁，並有大量的硫酸鋇沉澱。以矽藻土栓塞過濾混合物。所得的濾液揮發後，可得到暗藍色固體，並將所得的固體於真空且120℃下再乾燥4小時。所得的產物可在室溫下存放於乾燥箱中數週，並可直接使用。
於本揭露之下述實施例中，其主要反應式係如以下流程I及II所示。
[流程I]
實施例1
首先，取250毫升雙頸反應瓶，在氮氣系統下於醋酸(50毫升)中加入PCB廢料(10克，其包含共聚物(HW-12或HW-13)、油墨(酞靑類)、塑化劑(鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP))；而後，再加入催化劑(0.5克)和醋酸酐(10毫升)。將反應加熱至100℃，反應時間約56-60小時後，PCB廢料的溶液顏色由天空藍色的顏色變為紅褐色，而固體呈白色。在此，可使用的催化劑(催化劑A)，例如，Group IVB中以Hf(O)Cl2最佳，Group VB中以V(O)Cl2、V(O)(OTf)2最佳，Group VIB中以MoO2Cl2最佳，Group VIIB中以Mn(O)(OAc)最佳，而Group VIIIB以FeCl3最佳。在此，所使用的催化劑為MoO2Cl2。
反應結束後，無須額外降溫，取2毫升反應物加入25毫升水中攪拌10-20分鐘，確定是否有未除色的起始物未反應，以判定反應是否完全。而後，將反應物緩慢滴入200毫升水中，並利用果汁機將其打碎；將收集的固體再加入200毫升水中持續攪拌30分鐘，以清洗除去酸，以避免凝結成塊。
而後，收集固體除去水後，以50毫升甲醇(PCB：MeOH=1：5)清洗，過濾後，以TLC檢測可被甲醇洗下的小分子，且抽乾後，取粉末溶於CDCl3，其1H NMR光譜如圖1所示。
接著，將甲醇溶劑移除後，利用50毫升醋酸溶解(PCB：醋酸=1：5)，再加入澄清200毫升的水中；過濾抽乾可得粉末狀淡黃色固體，重量為8.678g，數量平均分子量(Mn)為9,805，重量平均分子量(Mw)為15,235，多分散度(PDI)為1.55。此外，取粉末溶於d6-DMSO以測量其1H NMR光譜，結果如圖2所示。
實驗結果顯示，當使用本揭露之催化劑和酸酐，可成功降解油墨和高分子醯化反應。
實施例2
首先，取250毫升雙頸反應瓶，在氮氣系統下於醋酸(50毫升)中加入PCB廢料(10克，其包含共聚物(HW-12或HW-13)、油墨(酞靑類)、塑化劑(DEHP))，利用果汁機攪拌30秒，以將PCB廢料打碎。而後，再加入催化劑(100mg)和乙醯氯25毫升，將反應加熱至60~70℃。點TLC片追反應蹤，在不同時間點(6、12、18、24、40小時)取1mL反應物加入25mL水中，來追蹤反應，PCB廢料的溶液顏色由天空藍色的顏色變為紅褐色，並觀察高分子沉澱至呈白色為止。於此步驟中，可使用如實施例1所列的催化劑A；在此，所使用的催化劑為V(O)Cl2。
接著，將反應物加入水中，並進行後續除色步驟。於除色時，先加入1mL醋酸及5g的另一催化劑，並於一小時後加入5mL之35%H2O2，攪拌12-16小時。於此步驟中，可使用的催化劑(催化劑B)，例如，Group IVB中以Zr(O)Cl2和Ti(O)(acac)2最佳，Group VB中以V(O)SO4、V(O)(acac)2最佳，Group VIB中以MoO2(acac)2最佳，Group VIIB中以Mn(II)SO4最佳，而Group VIIIB中以FeSO4最佳。在此，所使用的催化劑為V(O)SO4。
經過濾、抽乾等步驟，可得白色粉末狀固體，重量為6.9170g；計算後回收率為69.2%。而後，再將白色固體置入30-40mL甲醇中，過濾後溶於30-40mL醋酸中；並加至100mL去離子水中，過濾後抽乾得白色固體，其數量
平均分子量(Mn)為8,605，重量平均分子量(Mw)為12,355，多分散度(PDI)為1.55。計算後回收率為81.3%。最後，取粉末溶於d6-DMSO以測量其1H NMR光譜，結果如圖3所示。
實驗結果顯示，當使用本揭露之催化劑和酸酐，可成功進行高分子醯化反應；而使用本揭露之催化劑及氧化劑，可有效降解油墨。
實施例3
首先，將濕的PCB廢料(100克，其包含共聚物(HW-12或HW-13)、油墨(酞靑類)、塑化劑(DEHP))溶於100mL醋酸中，利用果汁機將其攪碎，PCB廢料接觸到醋酸馬上變深藍色。接著，加入5g之催化劑和氧化劑t-BOOH混劑(1：50~1：100)加熱至55~60℃，以TLC檢測油墨的螢光點逐漸變淡；反應10-12小時後，反應物由深藍色轉變為紅褐色，逐次每小時加入5mL 35%H2O2，共三次。反應再經過12小時，由紅褐色轉變為淡黃色、乳白色。於此步驟中，催化劑可使用如實施例2所列的催化劑B；在此，所使用的催化劑為V(O)SO4。
最後，將反應物加至100mL去離子水中，過濾後抽乾得白色固體；計算後回收率為65.6%。其數量平均分子量(Mn)為11,767，重量平均分子量(Mw)為18,046，多分散度(PDI)為1.53。
實驗結果顯示，當使用本揭露之催化劑和氧化劑，可成功降解油墨和回收高分子。
實施例4-8
於本實施例中，其實驗步驟係與實施例2相同，除了催化劑A及催化劑B以下表1所列的催化劑所取代。
如前述實施例所示，本揭露可使用簡單的溶劑(如醋酸)、簡單的醯化試劑，且可透過肉眼觀察反應物顏色改變即可判斷油墨是否被降解。
當使用本揭露之催化劑時，可將油墨完全降解成水溶性廢棄物，以符合環境保護之規範；同時，更可將印刷電路板中的塑料、染料、塑化劑分解，而樹脂等回收成壓克力和/或環氧類樹脂，或透過醯化反應使其轉換成可溶於一般有機溶劑的醯化型高分子，而可回收再利用，且壓克力和/或環氧類樹脂之產率(PCB的回收率)可達60-70%，醯化型高分子之產率(PCB的回收率)也可達60-70%。因此，本揭露之催化劑可達到有效大量去除PCB廢料和回收高分子之目的。
上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已，本揭露所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準，而非僅限於上述實施例。
Claims (19)
- 一種催化劑之用途，用以降解油墨、醯化或回收高分子，其中該催化劑如下式(I)所示：[M(O)a]m+Xn- (I)其中，M為IB族、IVB族、VB族、VIB族、VIIB族或VIIIB族之元素；X為Cl、Br、I、OAc、OC(O)C12H25、[(OSO2C6H4-CHCH2)n]、OTf、OTs、SO4、SO3C12H25或乙醯丙酮(acetylacetonate,acac)；a為0至3之整數；m為2至4之整數；以及n為1至2之整數。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途，其中a為0，而M為Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Fe、Cu、或Mn。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途，其中M(O)a為VO、VO3、ZrO、HfO、WO2、MoO2、CrO2或ReO3。
- 一種印刷電路板含油墨膠渣廢料之處理方法，包括下列步驟：將一印刷電路板膠渣廢料、一如下式(I)所示之催化劑、一反應試劑、及一第一溶劑混合，而得一混合物；[M(O)a]m+Xn- (I)其中，M為IB族、IVB族、VB族、VIB族、VIIB族或VIIIB族之元素；X為Cl、Br、I、OAc、OC(O)C12H25、[(OSO2C6H4-CHCH2)n]、OTf、OTs、SO4、SO3C12H25或乙醯丙酮(acetylacetonate,acac)；a為0至3之整數；m為2至4之整數；以及n為1至2之整數； 於一預定溫度下反應該混合物；以及將反應後的該混合物加入一第二溶劑中。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之處理方法，其中該反應試劑為一酸酐類化合物、一磺酸酐類化合物、一醯鹵類化合物、一磺醯鹵類化合物、一氧化劑或其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之處理方法，其中該酸酐類化合物係如下式(II)所示：R1C(O)OC(O)R1’ (II)其中，R1及R1’係各自獨立為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之處理方法，其中該磺酸酐類化合物係如下式(III)所示：R2SO2OSO2R2’ (III)其中，R2及R2’係各自獨立為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之處理方法，其中該醯鹵類化合物係如下式(IV)所示：R3C(O)X’ (IV)其中，R3係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基；以及X’為Cl或Br。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之處理方法，其中該磺醯鹵類化合物係如下式(V)所示：R4SO2X” (V)其中，R4係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基；以及X”為Cl或Br。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之處理方法，其中該氧化劑係為一過氧酸類化合物、NaOCl、NaO2Cl、NaO3Cl、NaO4Cl、H2O2、H2O2-尿素、t-BuOOH、，異丙苯-OOH(cumene-OOH)、或Ar3COOH。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之處理方法，其中該過氧酸類化合物係如下式(VI)所示：R5C(O)OOH (VI)其中，R5係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之處理方法，其中該第一溶劑為一羧酸類溶劑、一磺酸類溶劑、或其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之處理方法，其中該羧酸類溶劑係如下式(VII)所示：R6CO2H (VII)其中，R6係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之處理方法，其中該磺酸類溶劑係如下式(VIII)所示；R7SO3H (VIII)其中，R7係為C1-C6烷基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7或芳香基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之處理方法，其中該第二溶劑為水、醇類、醋酸或其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之處理方法，其中該預定溫度係介於40℃至110℃。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之處理方法，其中該催化劑的含量係佔該混合物總重之0.5-10重量百分比。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之處理方法，其中，於式(I)中，a為0，而M為Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Fe、Cu、或Mn。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之處理方法，其中，於式(I)中，M(O)a為VO、VO3、ZrO、HfO、CrO2、MoO2、WO2、或ReO3。
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87106413A (zh) * | 1986-08-15 | 1988-06-08 | 东亚交易株式会社 | 控制脱硝催化剂减活化的方法 |
| CN101612628A (zh) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-12-30 | 广东工业大学 | 一种废旧印刷电路板中各组分材料的分离及回收方法 |
| CN101829666A (zh) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-15 | 陕西师范大学 | 废印刷线路板热解脱溴方法 |
| CN102939396A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-02-20 | 高级技术材料公司 | 废弃印刷电路板的循环利用方法 |
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- 2016-09-23 TW TW105130723A patent/TWI611837B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87106413A (zh) * | 1986-08-15 | 1988-06-08 | 东亚交易株式会社 | 控制脱硝催化剂减活化的方法 |
| CN101612628A (zh) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-12-30 | 广东工业大学 | 一种废旧印刷电路板中各组分材料的分离及回收方法 |
| CN102939396A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-02-20 | 高级技术材料公司 | 废弃印刷电路板的循环利用方法 |
| CN101829666A (zh) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-15 | 陕西师范大学 | 废印刷线路板热解脱溴方法 |
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