TWI606920B - 石膏板及其纖維墊 - Google Patents

石膏板及其纖維墊 Download PDF

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TWI606920B
TWI606920B TW103130021A TW103130021A TWI606920B TW I606920 B TWI606920 B TW I606920B TW 103130021 A TW103130021 A TW 103130021A TW 103130021 A TW103130021 A TW 103130021A TW I606920 B TWI606920 B TW I606920B
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fiber mat
fibers
gypsum board
binder
microns
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蘇菲 樂高
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聖哥般公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/02Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material with fibres or particles being present as additives in the layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B32B17/04Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/22Agents rendering paper porous, absorbent or bulky
    • D21H21/24Surfactants
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/267Glass
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/022 layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046Synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/22Fibres of short length
    • B32B2305/28Fibres of short length in the form of a mat
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00Physical properties
    • D10B2401/02Moisture-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/022Moisture-responsive characteristics hydrophylic
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/08Upholstery, mattresses
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/40Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

石膏板及其纖維墊
本發明係有關於一種包含複數纖維墊面材的石膏板,以及用於這些面材的纖維墊。
已知石膏板的用途,譬如用於建築,其藉由沉積一層石膏漿料於兩個相對的紙襯墊之間。然而,為了在潮濕的環境下仍能維持石膏板的性能,有研究提出了由玻璃纖維墊部份形成相對的層,用來取代紙飾面片材。這種墊材的纖維通常使用尿素甲醛樹脂黏結劑來固定。
由於考慮到來自尿素甲醛樹脂黏結劑所產生的揮發性有機化合物的氣味,同時又需要遵守法規,而限制了這些化合物的等級,因此期望能針對墊材來提供一種基本上不含甲醛的黏結劑。
再者,為了提高耐火性能,一般所使用的不含甲醛黏結劑會包含阻燃劑。
在最一般的情況下,本發明提供一種用於石膏強化的墊材,此墊材包含由不含甲醛的黏結劑所結合之複數纖維,其可達到可接受的耐火特性,且不需要於黏結劑中加入阻燃劑,並且可達到可接受的抗彎 強度。
本說明書中,術語“不含甲醛”是指一種黏結劑可釋放或發射出的甲醛,根據ISO16000標準測試,於28天後低於10微克/立方米(μg/m3)的等級,較佳者是低5微克/立方米。
於第一實施例中,本發明可提供一種具有二相對表面之石膏板,其中纖維墊設置於石膏板之其中一個表面,纖維墊包含由聚合物黏結劑所結合之複數纖維,其中聚合物黏結劑基本上不含甲醛,這些纖維的長度大於20毫米(mm),且這些纖維的直徑大於14微米(μm)。
實質上,纖維墊提供了一種用於石膏板的面材。
較佳者,聚合物黏結劑為親水性。此黏結劑本質上為親水性,或者,也可以通過親水性添加劑的存在下而具有親水性。
在一些實施例中,纖維墊可完全嵌入於石膏板之表面。也就是,石膏層是同時存在於纖維墊的內表面和外表面。通常說來,這些實施例的形成,當石膏漿料沉積於纖維墊的內表面時,石膏漿料會將纖維墊穿透,從而提供了一個石膏的外層來覆蓋纖維墊的外表面。習知技藝中,通過墊材之石膏漿料的滲透可以通過滾輪的動作(例如US4378405中所述)或振動的應用(例如US6524679中所述)來協助進行。
在其他實施例中,纖維墊可只有部份嵌入於石膏板之表面。也就是,沒有完整的石膏外層覆蓋於纖維墊。
較佳者,纖維墊之纖維的長度大於22毫米;更佳者為大於23毫米。一般認為,利用纖維長度的增加,在火災的情況下,即使黏結劑已經很大程度上被燒掉了,墊材能夠繼續提供石膏板的強化。因此,即使沒有阻燃劑,還是可以維持石膏板的完整性,而使得火災的進展被抑制住。
一般來說,纖維長度小於30毫米,較佳者為小於28毫米,更加者為小於27毫米。
聚合物黏結劑的親水性,可確保生產過程中石膏漿料對於纖維墊的良好滲透,藉以達到可接受的抗彎強度等級。
較佳者,纖維之直徑大於15微米。一般來說,纖維之直徑小於30微米,較佳為小於20微米。
用於纖維墊的聚合物黏結劑包含丙烯酸酯聚合物,例如,聚羧酸鹽、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物或其混合物。聚合物黏結劑也可包括有親水性添加劑。合適的親水性添加劑包括聚山梨酯表面活性劑和非離子型表面活性劑,其中聚山梨酯表面活性劑可例如為聚氧乙烯脫水山梨醇單月桂酸酯,非離子型表面活性劑則例如為聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的共聚物。合適的丙烯酸酯聚合物為Acrodur DS 2416(來自BASF)、Acrodur DS 3530(來自BASF)、Aquaset TF 150(來自Dow)、HF05(來自Dow)和Acronal DS 5350(來自BASF)。
較佳者,聚合物黏結劑為Acrodur DS 2416,因為它不需要額外添加親水性物質。
通常情況下,聚合物黏結劑為熱塑性聚合物或彈性體。
一般來說,纖維墊包含有玻璃纖維,如E級玻璃(E-glass)。或者,纖維墊可包含其他無機纖維,如石棉(例如,由玄武岩所製造者)。
此纖維墊通常包含礦物纖維10-1100克/平方米(g/m2)的量,較佳者為20-3000克/平方米。相對於纖維墊的礦物纖維的重量而言,黏結劑通常存在5-350%的量,較佳者為10-100%,更加者為15-30%。
於第二實施例中,本發明可提供一種纖維墊,其包含由親水性聚合物黏結劑所結合之複數纖維,其中聚合物黏結劑基本上不含甲醛,這些纖維的長度大於20毫米,且這些纖維的直徑大於14微米,此纖維墊是用於嵌入於石膏,以提供本發明之第一實施例所提供之石膏板。
本發明之第二實施例所提供之纖維墊,可以包含一個或一個以上嵌入於第一實施例所提供之石膏板的一個表面之纖維墊的功能特徵。
已知在本領域中有幾種將黏結劑施加於纖維墊之方法。舉例而言,黏結劑可以通過噴塗製程或使用滾筒來施加到纖維墊。在其他方法中,黏結劑可以藉助塗佈器而施加於纖維墊,當纖維墊傳送至塗佈器的開口,塗佈器則負責提供供給受控的黏結劑材料至纖維墊上。在另一種方法中,可將黏結劑材料沉積於纖維墊,並藉助刮刀元件予以分佈於整個纖維墊。
底下藉由具體實施例詳加說明,當更容易瞭解本發明之目的、技術內容、特點及其所達成之功效。
為清楚揭露本發明所揭露之石膏板及其纖維墊,以下將提出數個實施例以詳細說明本發明的技術特徵,更同時佐以圖式俾使該些技術特徵得以彰顯。
第一實施例
製備兩升水溶液,其包含有250克的羥乙基纖維素(增黏 劑:購至Hercules的NatrosolTM)和0.3克的十八胺聚氧乙烯醚/乙氧基化硬脂基胍複合物(表面劑:購至Cytec的氣溶膠C-61;固體含量:70%)。
添加2.54克的E級玻璃之切割紗線(長度:24毫米;直徑:16微米)到該溶液中。
將所得到的玻璃紗線之懸浮液轉移到一個能夠製造纖維墊的裝置。該裝置包括具有多孔基底的容器,其允許流體能夠流通於容器的內部空和位於容器下方的抽吸設備之間。
將懸浮液沉積在容器中,並劇烈攪拌予以均質化,然後,將抽吸設備啟動,來除去液體。在屏幕上呈現了一玻璃纖維墊,此玻璃纖維墊的尺寸為30厘米(cm)x 30厘米,且其單位表面積的重量為28.2克/平方米(g/m2)。
將玻璃纖維墊在丙烯酸樹脂(購至BASF的Acronal DS2416)的水溶液中浸漬1分鐘。在玻璃纖維墊中的過量黏結劑通過抽吸方式除去,然後,將玻璃纖維墊在210℃下加熱1分鐘,使其穩固。在此處理後,玻璃纖維墊含有5克/平方米的丙烯酸樹脂。
第二實施例與第三-六比較例
第二實施例和第三-六比較例是有關於具有嵌入在兩個面上的玻璃纖維墊之石膏板。表1總結了這些玻璃纖維墊的特性。
耐火性能:測試1
按照BS:EN 13641:1999的方法,對於第二實施例和第三-六比較例的石膏板進行耐火測試。簡單地說,將隔板建構於骨架中,其每個面包覆有單層為12.5毫米厚的石膏板,且將隔板的一側暴露於爐火。
如果在隔板上的未暴露表面的平均溫度保持在低於140℃ 下至少60分鐘,則石膏板的性能特徵可謂「理想」。測試結果係總結於表一。
耐火性能:測試2
使用BS:EN 1363-1:1999的方法,對於第二實施例和第三-六比較例的石膏板進行另外的耐火測試。簡單地說,將鋼樑包覆單層為20毫米厚的石膏板,並暴露於爐火。
如果鋼樑的平均溫度保持在低於550℃下至少82分鐘,且石膏板保持其機械完整性超過90分鐘,則石膏板的性能特徵可謂「理想」。
測試抗彎強度
按照BS:EN 520的方法,對於第二實施例和第三-六比較例的石膏板進行抗彎強度測試。如果抗彎強度超過預先決定的水準,則石膏板的性能特徵可謂「理想」。測試結果呈現於表一。
漿料滲透特性
通過目視檢查來進行滲透至纖維墊的漿料含量之特性測試。如果完全滲透,且測試結果的石膏板之表面平整,則石膏板的性能特徵可謂「理想」。測試結果呈現於表1。

Claims (13)

  1. 一種石膏板,其具有二相對表面,其中一纖維墊係設置於該石膏板之其中一該表面,該纖維墊包含由一聚合物黏結劑所結合之複數纖維,其中該聚合物黏結劑基本上不含甲醛,該些纖維的長度係大於20毫米(mm),且該些纖維的直徑係大於14微米(μm),該聚合物黏結劑為親水性。
  2. 如請求項第1項所述之石膏板,其中該纖維墊係完全嵌入於該石膏板之該表面。
  3. 如請求項第1項所述之石膏板,其中該纖維墊係部份嵌入於該石膏板之該表面。
  4. 一種纖維墊,其包含由一聚合物黏結劑所結合之複數纖維,其中該聚合物黏結劑基本上不含甲醛,該些纖維的長度係大於20毫米(mm),且該些纖維的直徑係大於14微米(μm),該纖維墊係用於嵌入於石膏,以提供如請求項第1-3項之任一項所述之石膏板,該聚合物黏結劑為親水性。
  5. 如請求項第4項所述之纖維墊,其中該聚合物黏結劑係選自丙烯酸酯聚合物、甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物、丙烯酸酯-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物及其混合物所構成的群組。
  6. 如請求項第5項所述之纖維墊,其中該聚合物黏結劑更包含一親水性添加劑。
  7. 如請求項第6項所述之纖維墊,其中該親水性添加劑係選自由聚山梨酯表面活性劑和非離子型表面活性劑所構成的群組,該聚山梨酯表面活性劑包含聚氧乙烯脫水山梨醇單月桂酸酯,該非離子型表面活性劑包含聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的共聚物。
  8. 如請求項第7項所述之纖維墊,更包含複數玻璃纖維。
  9. 如請求項第4項所述之纖維墊,其中該些纖維之直徑係大於15微米。
  10. 如請求項第4項所述之纖維墊,其中該些纖維之長度係大於22微米。
  11. 如請求項第4項所述之纖維墊,其中該纖維墊為不織布墊。
  12. 如請求項第9項所述之纖維墊,其中該些纖維之直徑係大於16微米。
  13. 如請求項第10項所述之纖維墊,其中該些纖維之長度係大於23微米。
TW103130021A 2013-08-30 2014-08-29 石膏板及其纖維墊 TWI606920B (zh)

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RU2644458C2 (ru) 2018-02-12
TW201514000A (zh) 2015-04-16
US20160208439A1 (en) 2016-07-21
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WO2015028631A1 (en) 2015-03-05
PL2843129T5 (pl) 2023-09-18
CA2921933A1 (en) 2015-03-05
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