TWI586380B - 包含HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑之醫藥組合製劑 - Google Patents
包含HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑之醫藥組合製劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI586380B TWI586380B TW103144018A TW103144018A TWI586380B TW I586380 B TWI586380 B TW I586380B TW 103144018 A TW103144018 A TW 103144018A TW 103144018 A TW103144018 A TW 103144018A TW I586380 B TWI586380 B TW I586380B
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Description
本發明係有關包含HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑之醫藥組合製劑。
吸收到血液中之脂肪,亦即,中性脂肪、膽固醇、磷脂質、游離脂肪酸等,與蛋白質結合形成水溶性脂蛋白,稱為血清脂質。此類血清脂質量異常高之症狀稱為異常血脂症。為了於血液中循環,不溶於水、被蛋白質包圍之脂質,例如膽固醇之脂質,擴散至血液中,呈脂質與蛋白質之複合物(稱為脂蛋白)循環。結合膽固醇及運送之脂蛋白分為高密度脂蛋白(HDL)與低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。HDL移除來自組織之膽固醇,因此降低動脈硬化之風險。相反地,LDL促進膽固醇於血管壁上之堆積,因而增加動脈硬化之風險。
動脈硬化最主要原因為例如膽固醇等此類不必要物質於血管壁上持續增加。於諸多原因間,若主要
禍首LDL增加,因而於血管上沈積膽固醇,則沈積之膽固醇不僅使血管變窄,從而阻礙血液流動,而且促進纖維化,導致血管壁之損傷與硬化。於是,血管失去其彈性,促進動脈硬化,最終導致心血管疾病。
各種方法被應用於治療異常血脂症,其中膽固醇合成抑制劑,3-羥基-3-甲基戊二醯基-輔酶A(HMG-CoA)還原酶抑制劑,為已知用於治療異常血脂症之最有效藥物類別。為治療異常血脂症第一線製劑之HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑,可能以劑量依賴性方式增加副作用之風險。因此,當以HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑之單一藥物治療無法達到充分治療效果時,追加投予具不同作用機制之任何其他藥物,比以HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑高劑量治療更佳。再者,異常血脂症可能由數個因素組合造成,例如,血液中總膽固醇、LDL膽固醇、中性脂肪增加、HDL膽固醇減少等。因此,於兩個以上因素組合時,可考慮數種藥物之組合療法。
特別是,當病患需要比HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑之單一藥物治療中減少相當多LDL膽固醇量時,使用依折麥布(ezetimibe)之組合療法具有效力。依折麥布為異常血脂症之新穎治療劑,其選擇性地抑制小腸中膽固醇之吸收。由於依折麥布作用機制與他汀類藥物不同,因此與他汀類藥物一起開列處方時,可預期具互補效果。
瑞舒伐他汀(Rosuvastatin)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,為[(E)-7-[4-(4-氟苯基)-6-異丙基-2-[甲基(甲磺醯
基)胺基]嘧啶-5-基]-(3R,5S)-3,5-二羥庚-6-烯酸](瑞舒伐他汀)及其鈉或鈣鹽。其等特別係用於治療高膽固醇血症與混合型異常血脂症,以及瑞舒伐他汀鈣以商標CRESTORTM販售。瑞舒伐他汀鈣為無定形白色或淡黃色粉末,可溶於N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、丙酮、或乙腈中,惟於水中難溶。
依折麥布為[1-(4-氟苯基)-(3R)-[3-(4-氟苯基)-(3S)-羥丙基]-(4S)-(4-羥苯基)-2-氮雜環丁酮)]。其阻斷已知參與自內臟運輸膽固醇之類尼曼-匹克C1型蛋白1(Niemanpick C1-like 1 protein)。一般已知,投予依折麥布時,低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)下降,亦已知其與他汀類藥物組合投予時,可高度增強此類效果。依折麥布於國內市場以商標EZETROLTM,於美國以ZETIATM販售。依折麥布為白色粉末,非常容易溶於乙醇、甲醇、或丙酮,惟幾乎不溶於水。依折麥布的熔點為約163℃,據報導於室溫穩定。
再者,當使用他汀類藥物之單一藥物治療控制LDL-C之效果較差時,與抑制小腸中膽固醇吸收之依折麥布之組合療法被推薦為具效力。關於組合療法之實例,VYTORINTM[辛伐他汀(simvastatin)/依折麥布]已被開發且上市(國際專利申請案No.PCT/US2003/022889),及LiptruzetTM[阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)/依折麥布]最近已經美國FDA核准。
一般而言,包含兩種以上活性成分之組合製劑可使用各種方法予以製備,例如,設計可最小化各活
性成分分解之調配劑、使用經組合以最小化不必要之分解副產物及達到期望儲存期限之該等成分、或添加可增進活性成分安定性之安定劑。
特別是,組合製劑可包含可提供與對照單一成分製劑相同之溶離及藥物動力學(PK)特性(profile)之選擇性賦形劑。
因此,本發明人等經精深研究以提供包含HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑兩種活性成分之組合製劑,具體而言為瑞舒伐他汀與依折麥布之組合製劑,其具有與對照製劑相同之溶離及PK特性,同時相當安定。結果,本發明人等已發現得以製備物理化學上安定,且具有與對照製劑相同之溶離及PK特性之此類組合製劑,因此完成本發明。
本發明提供同時包含兩種活性成分(HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑)之組合製劑,其中各活性成分於組合製劑中與各活性成分於單一成分製劑中之溶離模式相同。
本發明提供一種醫藥組合製劑,其包含5至15重量份之HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑;5至15重量份之膽固醇吸收抑制劑;4.5至12重量份之澱粉羥乙酸鈉;及25至35重量份之低取代之羥丙基纖維素。
本文所用之“HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑”一詞意指抑制HMG-CoA還原酶(3-羥基-3-甲基戊二醯基-輔
酶A還原酶)之藥物,該酵素作用於轉化HMG-CoA成為甲基二羥戊酸之步驟,其為膽固醇合成之速率決定步驟。該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑具有降低LDL膽固醇與中性脂肪而增加HDL膽固醇之優異作用,具相當低頻率之有害作用而安全且耐受性良好。因此,目前,於血脂異常之治療中最為廣泛使用。HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑可為,例如,辛伐他汀、羅伐他汀(rovastatin)、阿托伐他汀、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、薛利伐他汀(cerivastatin)、匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)、瑞舒伐他汀、及其醫藥上可接受鹽之任一者。
根據本發明,該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑於醫藥組合製劑中之含量為5至15重量份,較佳為9至11重量份。
較佳為,該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑為瑞舒伐他汀或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其於醫藥組合製劑中之含量可為5mg至50mg。
本文所用之“膽固醇吸收抑制劑”一詞意指抑制膽固醇從小腸吸收入循環系統中之藥物。該膽固醇吸收抑制劑可包括,例如,依折麥布或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其於醫藥組合製劑中之含量可為5mg至50mg。
根據本發明,該膽固醇吸收抑制劑於醫藥組合製劑中之含量為5至15重量份,較佳為9至11重量份。
本發明之醫藥組合製劑同時包含該兩種活
性成分(HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑);其特徵為各活性成分於組合製劑中與各活性成分於單一成分製劑中之溶離模式相同。因此,本組合製劑可明顯增進病患之便利性與順從性。較佳為,本發明之醫藥組合製劑同時包含瑞舒伐他汀與依折麥布。
重要的是,適當選擇賦形劑之類型與用量,俾使各活性成分於包含該兩種活性成分(HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑)之組合製劑中,與各成分於單一成分製劑中之溶離模式相同。
於本發明中,首先,以依折麥布為基準,選擇及調整賦形劑之類型與用量。具體而言,於實施例1至5中,選定澱粉羥乙酸鈉作為適當賦形劑。根據實施例1至5,使用交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、澱粉羥乙酸鈉、或預糊化澱粉作為依折麥布之賦形劑,惟使用澱粉羧乙酸鈉(實施例3)產生最優異之溶離,類似於依折麥布單一成分製劑EZETROLTM之溶離模式。
根據本發明,該澱粉羥乙酸鈉於醫藥組合製劑中之含量為4.5至12重量份,較佳為11至12重量份之量。
添加瑞舒伐他汀至依據該依折麥布選擇之該賦形劑以製備組合製劑時,依折麥布之溶離率可能下降。具體而言,實施例6顯示,依折麥布之溶離率稍微降低。不拘泥於任何理論下,該溶離率似係受到依折麥布與瑞舒伐他汀間任何交互作用之影響。
因此,於本發明中,乃針對提高依折麥布之溶離率,同時針對類似地控制至達到瑞舒伐他汀於單一成分製劑之溶離率,而選擇賦形劑之類型與用量。
具體而言,實施例7顯示,添加低取代之羥丙基纖維素得到類似依折麥布單一成分製劑EZETROLTM溶離模式之最優異溶離。再者,瑞舒伐他汀之溶離模式與於瑞舒伐他汀單一成分製劑CRESTORTM中類似。
本文所用之“低取代之羥丙基纖維素”一詞意指羥丙基纖維素中之羥基以介於5%至16%間之比例被羥丙氧基部分置換。於本發明醫藥組合製劑中,該低取代之羥丙基纖維素之含量為30至35重量份之量。
除上述成分外,根據本發明之醫藥組合製劑可進一步包含磷酸氫鈣,俾使增加該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑之安定性。該磷酸氫鈣之含量較佳為10至15重量份。除上述之外,根據本發明之醫藥組合製劑可進一步包含用於製備習知調配劑之任何添加劑,只要該等添加劑不改變醫藥組合製劑之功效即可。舉例而言,可述及者為微晶纖維素、硬脂酸鎂等。
根據本發明醫藥組合製劑之特徵,該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑於根據韓國藥典溶離試驗之方法2[槳式法(Paddle Method)],在37±0.5℃與50rpm之攪拌速率、pH 6.6緩衝液(900mL)之溶離條件下測量時,於30分鐘之內具有85%或以上,較佳為90%或以上,更佳為95%或以上之溶離率。
再者,根據本發明醫藥組合製劑之特徵為,該膽固醇吸收抑制劑於根據韓國藥典溶離試驗之方法2(槳式法),在37±0.5℃與50rpm之攪拌速率、pH 7.0緩衝液(900mL,SDS 0.5%)之溶離條件下測量時,於15分鐘之內具有80%或以上,較佳為85%或以上,更佳為90%或以上之溶離率。
根據本發明之醫藥組合製劑可如下形成:包含兩種活性成分(HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑)之單一擠出物(extrudate);或各包含一種活性成分之兩個個別擠出物;或包含一或多種活性成分之單一擠出物,接著以未呈擠出物提供之一或多種活性成分治療。各個該等擠出物可進一步包含根據本發明之添加劑。
根據本發明之醫藥組合製劑係呈諸成分彼此均勻混合之狀態,及可利用此項技藝中已知之例如直接壓錠、濕式造粒、流體床造粒、擠壓、溶劑蒸發等方法予以製備。
根據本發明醫藥組合製劑之總重雖可視其處方而不同,惟較佳為於160mg至1000mg之範圍內。
再者,根據本發明之醫藥組合製劑提供用於治療由於膽固醇量升高之例如,異常血脂症、高脂血症、高膽固醇血症、動脈粥狀硬化症、動脈硬化、心血管疾病、心臟動脈疾病、冠狀動脈疾病、血管系統疾病與相關疾病等各種病症之方法,該方法係根據適當劑量療法,投予有其需要之哺乳動物其有效治療量。
根據本發明之醫藥組合製劑同時包含兩種活性成分(HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑及膽固醇吸收抑制劑),其特徵為各活性成分於組合製劑中與各活性成分於單一成分製劑中之溶離模式相同,從而明顯增進病患之便利性與順從性。
第1圖為顯示根據諸實施例之製劑中,依折麥布之溶離模式曲線圖。
第2圖為顯示根據諸實施例之組合製劑中,依折麥布之溶離模式曲線圖。
第3圖為顯示根據諸實施例之組合製劑中,瑞舒伐他汀之溶離模式曲線圖。
於下文提供較佳實施例以協助更了解本發明。然而,提供下述實施例僅為了更容易了解本發明,而不擬對本發明之範圍構成侷限。
為了難溶之依折麥布之處方設計,乃根據下述實施例1至5製備無瑞舒伐他汀之依折麥布粒劑。
首先,使3.5mg羥丙基纖維素溶於20.0mg乙醇中,以製備溶液。將10.0mg依折麥布、89.5mg乳糖水合物、26.3mg微晶纖維素、10.9mg磷酸氫鈣與7.5mg交聯羧甲
基纖維素鈉一起混合,接著使其與上述溶液合併,以製備濕潤混合物。令此濕潤混合物通過#12至#25網篩,於烘箱中乾燥。經乾燥之粒劑通過#16至#30網篩,以製備粒劑混合物。添加1.9mg硬脂酸鎂於所得粒劑混合物,然後連續混合1至3分鐘。此組成示於表1。
進行如實施例1之相同程序,惟係使用8.0mg羥丙基纖維素;此組成示於表1。
進行如實施例1之相同程序,惟係使用7.5mg澱粉羥乙酸鈉;此組成示於表1。
進行如實施例1之相同程序,惟係使用使用7.5mg預糊化澱粉;此組成示於表1。
進行如實施例1之相同程序,惟係使用3.5mg聚維酮(povidone);此組成示於表1。
使用實施例1至5之製劑,於下述條件下進行溶離試驗。以依折麥布單一成分製劑EZETROLTM作為對照。
試樣:實施例1至5及EZETROLTM
溶離試驗介質:pH 7.0+SDS 0.5%,900ml,37±0.5℃
溶離方法:韓國藥典溶離試驗之方法2(槳式法),50
rpm。
上述依折麥布溶離試驗之結果示於表2與第1圖。
如表2與第1圖所示,對照組EZETROLTM於約30分鐘後完全溶解,顯示與其最類似之溶離模式之實施例為實施例3。因此,根據本發明之醫藥組合製劑依據實施例3予以製備。
依據實施例3,如下文實施例6與7製備進一步包含
瑞舒伐他汀之組合製劑。
首先,使3.5mg羥丙基纖維素溶於20.0mg乙醇中,以製備溶液。將10.4mg瑞舒伐他汀、10.0mg依折麥布、89.5mg乳糖水合物、26.3mg微晶纖維素、10.9mg磷酸氫鈣、與7.5mg澱粉羥乙酸鈉一起混合,接著使其與上述溶液合併,以製備濕潤混合物。令此濕潤混合物通過#12至#25網篩,於烘箱中乾燥。經乾燥之粒劑通過#16至#30網篩,以製備粒劑混合物。添加1.9mg硬脂酸鎂於所得粒劑混合物,然後連續混合1至3分鐘。此組成示於表3。每錠使用4.8mg歐巴代(Opadry)包衣劑製造包衣錠劑。
首先,使3.5mg羥丙基纖維素溶於20.0mg乙醇中,以製備溶液。將10.4mg瑞舒伐他汀、10.0mg依折麥布、79.0mg乳糖水合物、33.0mg低取代之羥丙基纖維素、11.0mg磷酸氫鈣、與11.5mg澱粉羥乙酸鈉一起混合,接著使其與上述溶液合併,以製備濕潤混合物。令此濕潤混合物通過#12至#25網篩,於烘箱中乾燥。經乾燥之粒劑通過#16至#30網篩,以製備粒劑混合物。添加1.6mg硬脂酸鎂於所得粒劑混合物,然後連續混合1至3分鐘。此組成示於表3。每錠使用4.8mg歐巴代包衣劑製造包衣錠劑。
進行如實施例7之相同程序,惟諸成分係添加表3中所示之量。
實施例6至9之組成示於下文表3。亦同時示出實施例3,以供比較。
使用實施例6與7之製劑,於下述條件下進行溶離試驗。以依折麥布單一成分製劑EZETROLTM作為對照。
試樣:實施例6與7及EZETROLTM
溶離試驗介質:pH 7.0+SDS 0.5%,900ml,37±0.5℃
溶離方法:韓國藥典溶離試驗之方法2(槳式法),50rpm。
上述依折麥布溶離試驗之結果示於表4與第2圖。
如表4與第2圖所示,單僅添加瑞舒伐他汀至實施例3之實施例6組合製劑顯示其依折麥布溶離率稍微下降(15分鐘與30分鐘)。對照之下,進一步添加低取代之羥丙基纖維素之實施例7組合製劑顯示依折麥布之溶離率與EZETROLTM大致相符,其溶離模式幾乎相同。
使用實施例6與7之製劑,於下述條件下進行溶離試驗。以瑞舒伐他汀單一成分製劑CRESTORTM作為對照。
試樣:實施例6與7及CRESTORTM
溶離試驗介質:pH 6.6,900mℓ,37±0.5℃
溶離方法:韓國藥典溶離試驗之方法2(槳式法),50rpm。
上述瑞舒伐他汀溶離試驗之結果示於表5與第3圖。
如表5與第3圖所示,實施例6與7二者皆顯示與CRESTORTM類似之溶離模式,惟實施例7顯示更為優異之溶離。
實驗例2:活體內藥物動力學試驗
為了比較實施例7組合製劑、以CRESTORTM販售之瑞舒伐他汀鈣錠劑(含10mg瑞舒伐他汀之錠劑)、及以EZETROLTM 10mg錠劑販售之依折麥布錠劑之活體內藥物動力學,乃於相同條件下將彼等投予18隻米格魯(Beagle)犬(3組,每組6隻狗)。結果示於下文表6與7。
試樣:實施例7之組合製劑、CRESTORTM 10mg錠劑、
EZETROLTM 10mg錠劑
每組個體數:每組6隻狗,3組,總計18隻狗
給藥:分別單次投予第1組實施例7之組合製劑、第2組CRESTORTM 10mg錠劑、及第3組EZETROLTM 10mg錠劑。米格魯犬係於各組間隨機分配。
實施例7之組合製劑、CRESTORTM、與EZETROLTM之藥物動力學試驗結果示於上文表6與7。CRESTORTM與實施例7間,及EZETROLTM與實施例7間,於最大血漿濃度(Cmax)上,無統計上之顯著差異。再者,於曲線下之面積(AUC)上,無統計上之顯著差異。因此,實施例7於體內顯示與各個對照組等同之藥物動力學特性。
由於本案的圖為實驗結果圖,並非本案的代表圖。故本案無指定代表圖。
Claims (10)
- 一種醫藥組合製劑,其包含5至15重量份之HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑;5至15重量份之膽固醇吸收抑制劑;4.5至12重量份之澱粉羥乙酸鈉;及25至35重量份之低取代之羥丙基纖維素;其中該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑係瑞舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中該膽固醇吸收抑制劑係依折麥布(ezetimibe)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑之含量為9至11重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該膽固醇吸收抑制劑之含量為9至11重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該澱粉羥乙酸鈉之含量為11至12重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該低取代之羥丙基纖維素之含量為30至35重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫藥組合製劑,進一步包含磷酸氫鈣。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該磷酸氫鈣之含量為10至15重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑於根據韓國藥典 溶離試驗之方法2[槳式法(Paddle Method)],在37±0.5℃與50rpm之攪拌速率、pH 6.6緩衝液(900mL)之溶離條件下測量時,於30分鐘之內具有85%以上之溶離率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該膽固醇吸收抑制劑於根據韓國藥典溶離試驗之方法2(槳式法),在37±0.5℃與50rpm之攪拌速率、pH 7.0緩衝液(900mL;0.5% SDS)之溶離條件下測量時,於15分鐘之內具有80%以上之溶離率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所述之醫藥組合製劑,其中該醫藥組合製劑之總重在160mg至1000mg之範圍內。
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