TWI579986B - A power module substrate with heat sink - Google Patents

A power module substrate with heat sink Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI579986B
TWI579986B TW104113262A TW104113262A TWI579986B TW I579986 B TWI579986 B TW I579986B TW 104113262 A TW104113262 A TW 104113262A TW 104113262 A TW104113262 A TW 104113262A TW I579986 B TWI579986 B TW I579986B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
layer
heat sink
power module
circuit
bonded
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Application number
TW104113262A
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English (en)
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TW201611208A (zh
Inventor
Sotaro Oi
Tomoya Oohiraki
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Publication of TW201611208A publication Critical patent/TW201611208A/zh
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Publication of TWI579986B publication Critical patent/TWI579986B/zh

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Description

附有散熱片的功率模組用基板
本發明係有關使用於控制大電流,高電壓之半導體裝置之功率模組用基板單元及功率模組。
本申請係依據申請於2014年4月25日之日本特願2014-092054號而主張優先權,而將此內容援用於其內容。
對於車載用功率模組,係加以使用:於以氮化鋁為首之陶瓷基板上,加以接合鋁的板之同時,於單側,藉由鋁板而加以接合鋁系散熱片之附有散熱片的功率模組用基板單元。
如此之附有散熱片之功率模組用基板單元係以往,呈如以下加以製造。首先,於陶瓷基板的兩面,藉由適合於陶瓷基板與鋁板之接合的焊接填料材而層積鋁板,以特定的壓力而進行加壓同時,經由加熱至其焊接填料材產生熔融的溫度以上之時,使陶瓷基板與兩面的鋁板接合。接著,於單側的鋁板,藉由適合於鋁板與散熱片之接合的焊接填料材而層積散熱片,以特定的壓力而進行加 壓同時,經由加熱至其焊接填料材產生熔融的溫度以上之時,使鋁板與散熱片接合。經由此,加以製造附有散熱片之功率模組用基板單元。
在如此之附有散熱片之功率模組用基板單元中,單方的鋁板係作為電路層而加以形成,而於其上係藉由焊接填料材而加以搭載功率元件等之半導體元件。
在如此之功率模組用基板中,係當產生彎曲時,加以阻礙散熱性能之故,而有必要做為彎曲少之基板。
以往,作為降低功率模組用基板之彎曲等之技術,有著例如專利文獻1,專利文獻2記載之技術。
專利文獻1記載之功率模組用基板係對於作為電路層之金屬板,使用層積包含鋁純度以質量%為99.0%以上99.95%以下之第1層,和鋁純度99.99%以上之第2層的2以上的層所成之覆蓋材,而將其第2層加以接合於陶瓷基板。此情況,加以記載有電路層之厚度係作為600μm、與此電路層加以設置於陶瓷基板之相反面的金屬層之厚度係作為400μm者。
對於專利文獻2係加以記載有接合金屬覆蓋材於氮化矽素基板之至少一方的表面之氮化矽素電路基板。作為金屬覆蓋材,係作為Cu板或Al板等之導電性材料,和如科瓦鐵鎳鈷合金板或鎢板之低熱膨脹金屬的組合則為佳。
〔先前技術文獻〕 〔專利文獻〕
專利文獻1:日本特開2012-191004號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2003-168770號公報
在以往的附有散熱片之功率模組用基板單元中,主要將降低因接合散熱片時之絕緣基板與散熱片的線膨脹差引起之初期彎曲,作為課題,但有著在安裝接合散熱片後之半導體元件的工程加以加熱時,或經由在使用環境之溫度變化而產生彎曲之虞。
但在安裝工程產生彎曲時,產生有焊錫接合部之位置偏移,以及對於接合部產生偏差或斷裂等,而有損及接合信賴性的課題。另外,當在使用環境產生彎曲時,經由介入存在於散熱片與冷卻器之間的熱傳導性潤滑油則經由泵出現象而從散熱片與冷卻器之間流出之時,而有損及散熱片與冷卻器之密著性,招致熱阻抗之增加者。
本發明係有鑑於如此情事所作為之構成,其目的為不僅與散熱片之接合後的初期彎曲,而在半導體元件之安裝工程時或使用環境亦提供彎曲少之附有散熱片之功率模組用基板單元及功率模組者。
本發明之功率模組用基板單元係具有:具備1片之陶瓷基板,與加以形成於此陶瓷基板之一方的面之電路層,與加以形成於前述陶瓷基板之另一方的面之金屬層之至少1個的功率模組用基板;和加以接合有此功率模組用基板之前述金屬層之散熱片,前述金屬層則由純度99.99質量%以上的鋁板所成,而前述散熱片則由純度99.90質量%以下之鋁板所成,前述電路層則具有由加以接合於前述陶瓷基板之純度99.99質量%以上之鋁板所成之第1層,和加以接合於該第1層表面之純度不足99.90質量%之鋁板所成之第2層的層積構造。
電路層則為第1層與第2層之層積構造,其中,因對於剛性高,即耐力高之散熱片而言,於夾持陶瓷基板之相反側配置剛性高的鋁板所成之第2層之故,此等散熱片與電路層之第2層則將陶瓷基板作為中心而成為對稱構造,在加熱時等對於作用於陶瓷基板兩面之應力不易產生偏差,而成為不易發生彎曲。另外,作為與陶瓷基板加以接合之第1層,因配置純度99.99質量%以上之比較軟,及耐力低之鋁板之故,可於加熱時等使加上於陶瓷基板之熱應力降低而防止破裂者。然而,對於經由耐力高之不足99.0質量%之鋁板而構成第2層之情況,係因可薄化第2層之厚度之故,未使熱阻抗增加而可作為更理想之構成。
在本發明之功率模組用基板單元中,將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作 為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2)時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)則為0.85以上1.40以下即可。
對於電路層之第2層與散熱片,經由將此等厚度,接合面積及耐力的關係設定為此範圍之時,更能使將陶瓷基板作為中心之對稱性提升,而可確實地防止彎曲的產生。即,在將排列配設複數之小電路層於功率模組用基板單元之陶瓷基板上等而圖案化電路層之情況中,加以接合於陶瓷基板之電路層的接合部分與接合有金屬層之散熱片的接合部分係形狀為不同,但經由考慮在此等接合部分之第2層的剛性與散熱片20之剛性的對稱性之時,可確實地防止彎曲的產生。
另外,在本發明之功率模組用基板單元中,前述電路層係更具有介入存在於前述第1層與前述第2層之間的鋁合金板所成之電路側接合芯材,將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2),而將前述電路側接合芯材之厚度作為t3(mm)、將前述電路側接合芯材與前述第1層之接合面積作為A3(mm2)、將耐力作為σ3(N/mm2)時,將比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2 ×σ2)作為0.85以上1.40以下亦可。
另外,在本發明之功率模組用基板單元中,更具有介入存在於前述金屬層與前述散熱片之間的鋁合金板所成之散熱側接合芯材,將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2),而將前述散熱側接合芯材之厚度作為t4(mm)、將前述散熱側接合芯材與前述金屬層之接合面積作為A4(mm2)、將前述散熱側接合芯材之耐力作為σ4(N/mm2)時,將比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)作為0.85以上1.40以下亦可。
另外,在本發明之功率模組用基板單元中,前述電路層係更具有介入存在於前述第1層與前述第2層之間的鋁合金板所成之電路側接合芯材,和介入存在於前述金屬層與前述散熱片之間的鋁合金板所成之散熱側接合芯材,將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2),而將前述電路側接合芯材之厚度作為t3(mm)、將前述第1層與前述電路側接合芯材之接合面積作為A3(mm2)、將前述電路側接合芯材之耐力作為σ3(N/mm2),將前述散熱側接合芯材之厚度作為t4(mm)、將 前述金屬層與前述散熱側接合芯材之接合面積作為A4(mm2)、將前述散熱側接合芯材之耐力作為σ4(N/mm2)時,將比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)作為0.85以上1.40以下亦可。
在有關本發明之功率模組用基板單元中,前述功率模組用基板之前述電路層係經由相互分離之複數的小電路層而加以形成亦可。
另外,有關本發明之功率模組用基板單元係具備複數前述功率模組用基板亦可。
本發明之功率模組係具備:前述功率模組用基板單元,和加以搭載於前述電路層之表面上的半導體元件。
如根據本發明,從經由加熱時之彎曲降低之時,可消除在以附上焊錫等安裝半導體元件之工程的不良狀況,而溫度循環時之彎曲亦變小之情況,作為絕緣基板之信賴性亦提升。另外,由對於電路層使用高剛性構件者,加以抑制電路層之變形,而半導體元件的連接信賴性亦為良好。
10‧‧‧功率模組用基板單元
11‧‧‧陶瓷基板
11S‧‧‧小陶瓷基板
12‧‧‧電路層
12S‧‧‧小電路層
13‧‧‧金屬層
13S‧‧‧小金屬層
13a‧‧‧金屬層鋁板
15‧‧‧第1層
15a‧‧‧第1層鋁板
16‧‧‧第2層
16a‧‧‧第2層鋁板
17‧‧‧功率模組用基板
18‧‧‧電路層
19‧‧‧覆蓋板
20‧‧‧散熱片
30‧‧‧半導體元件
40‧‧‧焊接填料材
41a‧‧‧電路側接合芯材
41b‧‧‧散熱側接合芯材
42‧‧‧焊接填料材層
43a,43b‧‧‧兩面焊接填料覆蓋材
44‧‧‧焊接填料材層
45‧‧‧焊接填料材
50~56‧‧‧功率模組用基板單元
60‧‧‧接合體
110‧‧‧加壓裝置
圖1係顯示有關本發明之第1實施形態之功率模組用 基板單元之製造工程的剖面圖。
圖2使用於有關本發明之第1實施形態之功率模組用基板單元之製造之加壓裝置的正面圖。
圖3顯示有關本發明之第2實施形態之功率模組用基板單元之製造工程的剖面圖。
圖4顯示有關本發明之第3實施形態之功率模組用基板單元之製造工程的剖面圖。
圖5顯示有關本發明之第4實施形態之功率模組用基板單元之製造工程的剖面圖。
圖6顯示有關本發明之第5實施形態之功率模組用基板單元之製造工程的剖面圖。
圖7顯示有關本發明之第6實施形態之功率模組用基板單元之剖面圖。
圖8顯示有關本發明之第7實施形態之功率模組用基板單元之剖面圖。
圖9顯示圖8之功率模組用基板單元之斜視圖。
以下,參照圖面同時加以說明本發明之實施形態。圖1(c)所示之第1實施形態的功率模組用基板單元50係具備:功率模組用基板10與散熱片20。經由加以搭載有半導體晶片等之半導體元件30於此功率模組用基板單元50表面之時,加以製造功率模組100。
功率模組用基板10係具有:陶瓷基板11,和 經由附上焊接填料而加以接合於陶瓷基板11之一方的面之電路層12,和經由附上焊接填料而加以接合於陶瓷基板11之另一方的面之金屬層13。並且,半導體元件30則加以附上焊錫於此功率模組用基板10的電路層12之表面,而散熱片20則加以附上焊接填料材於金屬層13之表面。
陶瓷基板11係例如,可使用AlN(氮化鋁)、Si3N4(氮化矽素)等之氮化物系陶瓷,或Al2O3(氧化鋁)等之氧化物系陶瓷者。另外,陶瓷基板11的厚度係可設定為0.2~1.5mm之範圍內。
電路層12係作為加以接合於陶瓷基板11表面之第1層15,和加以接合於第1層15上之第2層16之層積構造。第1層15係使用純度99.99質量%以上之鋁板(在JIS規格中係1N99(純度99.99質量%以上:所謂4N鋁)之純鋁板)。第2層16係可使用純度不足99.90質量%的鋁板(在JIS規格中係純度99.0質量%以上之所謂2N鋁(例如,A1050等)之純鋁板,或A3003,A6063,A5052等之鋁合金板)者。第1層15之厚度係0.1mm以上2.5mm以下、第2層16之厚度t1係0.5mm以上5.0mm以下。
金屬層13係與電路層12之第1層15同樣,使用純度99.99質量%以上(在JIS規格中係1N99(純度99.99質量%以上:所謂4N鋁)之鋁板,而厚度則加以形成為0.1mm以上,不足2.5mm。
作為加以接合於功率模組用基板10之散熱片20的材質係可使用純度為99.90質量%以下的鋁板(在JIS規格中係1N90(純度99.90質量%以上之所謂3N鋁),或純度99.0質量%以上之所謂2N鋁(例如,A1050等)之純鋁板,A3003,A6063,A5052等之鋁合金板)者。
作為散熱片20之形狀,係可採用平板狀之構成,經由熱間鍛造等而一體地形成多數之銷狀鰭片之構成,經由壓出成形而一體地形成相互平行之帶狀鰭片之構成等,適宜的形狀構成。散熱片20係作為流通冷媒在內部之冷卻器的構件,經由螺絲夾等而組裝於構成冷卻器之其他構件而加以使用。特別是將抑制彎曲的效果大之平板狀的構成,或一體地形成多數之銷狀鰭片之構成,作為散熱片20而使用者為佳。在本實施形態中,使用平板狀之散熱片20。
此散熱片20與電路層12之第2層16係指將第2層16的厚度作為t1、將對於第2層16之第1層15而言之接合面積作為A1、將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,而將散熱片20的厚度作為t2、將對於散熱片20之金屬層13的接合面積作為A2、將散熱片20的耐力作為σ2時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)則加以設定為成為0.85以上1.40以下之關係。
例如,第2層16則為厚度t1=1.5mm之A3003鋁合金(耐力σ1=40N/mm2),第1層15與第2層16之接合面積A1則作為900mm2,而散熱片20則為厚度 t2=1.0mm之A6063鋁合金(耐力σ2=50N/mm2),金屬層13與散熱片20之接合面積A2則作為1000mm2之組合的情況,成為比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)=1.08。然而,在本發明之耐力的值係室溫(25℃)時的值。
接著,對於製造如此加以構成之功率模組用基板單元50之方法加以說明。此功率模組用基板單元50係經由在接合陶瓷基板11與電路層12之中的第1層15及金屬層13(第1接合工程)之後,各於第1層15上接合第2層16,而於金屬層13接合散熱片20(第2接合工程)而加以製造。於以下,此工程依序說明。
(第1接合工程)
首先,如圖1(a)所示,於陶瓷基板11之一方的面,層積成為電路層12之中之第1層15之第1層鋁板15a,而於另一方的面,層積成為金屬層13之金屬層鋁板13a,一體地接合此等。對於此等接合係加以使用Al-Si系等之合金的焊接填料材40。此焊接填料材40係以箔的形態而使用即可。
將此等陶瓷基板11與第1層鋁板15a及金屬層鋁板13a,如圖1(a)所示,藉由焊接填料材40而進行層積,作為使用圖2所示之加壓裝置110而將此層積體S加壓於層積方向之狀態。
此加壓裝置110係具備:基底板111,和垂直地安裝於基底板111上面之四角的導柱112,和加以固定 於此等導柱112之上端部的固定板113,和在此等基底板111與固定板113之間,上下移動自由地加以支持於導柱112之按壓板114,和加以設置於固定板113與按壓板114之間而將按壓板114賦能於下方之彈簧等之賦能手段115。
固定板113及按壓板114係對於基底板111而言加以平行地配置,於基底板111與按壓板114之間加以配置前述之層積體S。對於層積體S兩面係為了均一地進行加壓而加以配設碳薄板116。
在經由此加壓裝置110而加壓之狀態,設置於各加壓裝置110略圖示之加熱爐內,在真空環境下加熱為附上焊接填料溫度進行附上焊接填料。作為此情況的加壓力,係例如作為0.68MPa(7kgf/cm2)、作為加熱溫度係例如作為640℃。
(第2接合工程)
如圖1(b)所示,於在經由第1接合工程所得到之接合體60的電路層12之第1層15,藉由焊接填料材40而層積成為第2層16之第2層鋁板16a,於金屬層13,藉由焊接填料材40而層積散熱片20。此等焊接填料材40係Al-Si系等之合金的焊接填料材則以箔的形態加以使用。
並且,在將此等層積體,使用與圖2同樣之加壓裝置110而加以於層積方向之狀態,各加壓裝置110 在真空環境進行加熱,將第2層16及散熱片20各附上焊接填料。作為此情況的加壓力,係例如作為0.68MPa(7kgf/cm2)、作為加熱溫度係例如作為615℃。
於由如此作為所製造之功率模組用基板單元50,如圖1(c)所示,經由附上焊錫而加以接合半導體元件30於電路層12(第2層16)上面,加以製造功率模組100。
在如上述作為所製造之功率模組100中,功率模組用基板單元50係如上述,將電路層12作為第1層15與第2層16之層積構造,對於剛性高,即耐力高之散熱片20而言,於陶瓷基板11之相反側,配置剛性高之第2層鋁板16a所成之第2層16,此等散熱片20與電路層12之第2層16則將陶瓷基板11作為中心而作為對稱構造之故,在加熱時等,對於作用於陶瓷基板11兩面之應力,不易產生偏差而成為不易產生彎曲。另外,作為與陶瓷基板11加以接合之第1層15,因配置純度99.99質量%以上之比較軟,即耐力低之第1層鋁板15a之故,可於加熱時等使加上於陶瓷基板11之熱應力降低而防止破裂者。然而,對於經由耐力高之不足99.0質量%之鋁板而構成第2層16之情況,係因可薄化第2層16之厚度之故,未使熱阻抗增加而可作為更理想之構成。
另外,功率模組用基板單元50係將在電路層12之第2層16的厚度作為t1,將第1層15與第2層16之接合面積作為A1,將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,將散 熱片20之厚度作為t2,將金屬層13與散熱片20之接合面積作為A2,將散熱片20的耐力作為σ2時,經由比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)則設定為0.85以上1.40以下之範圍之時,對於半導體元件30之安裝工程時或之後之使用環境之溫度變化而言,彎曲的發生少,作為絕緣基板而具有長期性高信賴性。
在功率模組用基板單元50中,如此比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)為1.00之情況,0.85以上不足1.00之情況,超過1.00而1.40以下之情況中,良好地加以構成將陶瓷基板11作為中心之對稱構造。另外,功率模組用基板單元50係因電路層12之中,對於半導體元件30則加以附上焊錫之第2層16使用剛性高,及耐力高之鋁板之故,亦加以抑制電路層12之變形。
對於半導體元件30之附上焊錫係例如,加以使用Sn-Sb系、Sn-Ag系、Sn-Cu系、Sn-In系、或Sn-Ag-Cu系之焊錫材,經由加熱至275℃~335℃之時而加以進行。
然而,在上述之第1實施形態中,作為焊接填料材而使用Al-Si系合金,在真空環境中進行附上焊接填料,亦可使用Al-Si-Mg系、Al-Mg系、Al-Ge系、Al-Cu系、或Al-Mn系等之焊接填料材者。使用含有Mg之Al-Si-Mg系、Al-Mg系合金的焊接填料材而附上焊接填料之情況,可在非氧化性環境中進行附上焊接填料。
圖3係顯示第2實施形態之功率模組用基板 單元51的製造方法。對於在此實施形態中與圖1之第1實施形態共通要素係附上同一符號(在以下之各實施形態中亦為同樣)。
此功率模組用基板單元51係在功率模組用基板17之電路層18之第1層15與第2層16之間則經由形成焊接填料材層42之兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43a而加以接合於電路側接合芯材41a之兩面。另外,金屬層13與散熱片20之間亦經由形成焊接填料材層42之兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43b而加以接合於散熱側接合芯材41b之兩面。
兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43a,43b係電路側接合芯材41a及散熱側接合芯材41b則作為厚度0.05mm~0.6mm之JIS之A3003鋁合金,而兩面之焊接填料覆蓋層42則作為Al-Si-Mg系合金。
說明此第2實施形態之功率模組用基板單元51的製造方法。首先,與第1實施形態之第1接合工程同樣地,進行各經由使用焊接填料材40(參照圖1(a))之附上焊接填料而接合電路層18之第1層15於陶瓷基板11之一方的面,於另一方的面,接合金屬層13之第1接合工程。之後,如圖3(a)所示,於第1層15上,藉由兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43a而層積成為第2層16之第2層鋁板16a之同時,於金屬層13上,藉由兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43b而層積散熱片20,將此等加壓於層積方向,在氮素環境等之非氧化性環境中進行加熱附上焊接填料。
如此所製造之第2實施形態之功率模組用基 板單元51係如圖3(b)所示,成為於電路層18之第1層15與第2層16之間,介入存在有薄的鋁合金層(電路側接合芯材41a)之同時,於金屬層13與散熱片20之間,介入存在有薄的鋁合金層(散熱側接合芯材41b)之狀態。
在此功率模組用基板單元51中,在電路層18之第2層16的厚度作為t1,將對於電路側接合芯材41a之第2層16之接合面積作為A1,將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,將散熱片20之厚度作為t2,將對於散熱側接合芯材41b而言之散熱片20之接合面積作為A2,將散熱片20的材料之耐力作為σ2,將電路側接合芯材41a之厚度作為t3,將第1層15與電路側接合芯材41a之接合面積作為A3,將電路側接合芯材41a之耐力作為σ3,將散熱側接合芯材41b之厚度作為t4,將金屬層13與散熱側接合芯材41b之接合面積作為A4,將散熱側接合芯材41b之材料的耐力作為σ4時,比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)則作為0.85以上1.40以下。
在此功率模組用基板單元51中,如此比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)為1.00之情況,0.85以上不足1.00之情況,超過1.00而1.40以下之情況中,與第1實施形態同樣地良好地加以構成將陶瓷基板11作為中心之對稱構造。
圖4係顯示第3實施形態之功率模組用基板單元52的製造方法。在此功率模組用基板單元52中,電 路層18係與第2實施形態同樣,第1層15與第2層16之間則經由形成焊接填料材層42於之兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43a而加以接合於電路側接合芯材41a之兩面。另外,金屬層13與散熱片20之間係與第1實施形態同樣,經由Al-Si系等之合金的焊接填料材45而加以接合。
說明此第3實施形態之功率模組用基板單元52的製造方法。首先,與第1實施形態之第1接合工程同樣地,進行各經由使用焊接填料材40(參照圖1(a))之附上焊接填料而接合電路層18之第1層15於陶瓷基板11之一方的面,於另一方的面,接合金屬層13之第1接合工程。之後,如圖4(a)所示,於第1層15上,藉由兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43a而層積成為第2層16之第2層鋁板16a之同時,於金屬層13上,藉由Al-Si-Mg系合金所成之焊接填料材45而層積散熱片20,將此等加壓於層積方向,在氮素環境等之非氧化性環境中進行加熱附上焊接填料。
在此功率模組用基板單元52中,如圖4(b)所示,成為於電路層18之第1層15與第2層16之間,介入存在有薄的鋁合金層(兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43b之電路側接合芯材41a)之狀態。
在此功率模組用基板單元52中,在電路層18之第2層16的厚度作為t1,將對於電路側接合芯材41a之第2層16之接合面積作為A1,將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,將散熱片20之厚度作為t2,將金屬層13與散熱 片20之接合面積作為A2,將散熱片20的耐力作為σ2,將電路側接合芯材41a之厚度作為t3,將電路側接合芯材41a與第1層15之接合面積作為A3,將電路側接合芯材41a之耐力作為σ3時,比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2)則作為0.85以上1.40以下。
在此功率模組用基板單元52中,如此,比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2)為1.00之情況,0.85以上不足1.00之情況,超過1.00而1.40以下之情況中,與第1實施形態同樣地良好地加以構成將陶瓷基板11作為中心之對稱構造。
圖5係顯示第4實施形態之功率模組用基板單元53的製造方法。在此功率模組用基板單元53中,電路層12之第2層16係於第2層鋁板16a之單面,接合加以層積Al-Si-Mg系合金所成之焊接填料材層44之覆蓋板19所成。首先,與第1實施形態之第1接合工程同樣地,在經由附上焊接填料而接合電路層12之第1層15於陶瓷基板11之一方的面,而接合金屬層13於另一方的面之第1接合工程之後,如圖5(a)所示,於第1層15上作為呈重疊焊接填料材層44而層積覆蓋板19之同時,於金屬層13上,藉由形成焊接填料材層42於在第2實施形態所使用之散熱側接合芯材41b兩面之兩面焊接填料覆蓋材43b而層積散熱片20,將此等加壓於層積方向,在氮素環境等之非氧化性環境進行加熱進行附上焊接填料。
在圖5(b)所示之此功率模組用基板單元53 中,在電路層12之第2層16的鋁板厚度作為t1,將第1層15與第2層16之接合面積作為A1,將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,將散熱片20之厚度作為t2,將散熱側接合芯材41b與散熱片20之接合面積作為A2,將散熱片20的耐力作為σ2,將散熱側接合芯材41b之厚度作為t4,將金屬層13與散熱側接合芯材41b之接合面積作為A4,將散熱側接合芯材41b之耐力作為σ4時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)則作為0.85以上1.40以下。
在此功率模組用基板單元53中,如此,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)為1.00之情況,0.85以上不足1.00之情況,超過1.00而1.40以下之情況中,與第1實施形態同樣地良好地加以構成將陶瓷基板11作為中心之對稱構造。
圖6係顯示第5實施形態之功率模組用基板單元54的製造方法。在此功率模組用基板單元54中,作為預先加以接合電路層12之第1層15與第2層16之覆蓋材而加以製造。
如圖6(a)所示,於陶瓷基板11之一方的面,藉由Al-Si系合金所成之焊接填料材40而層積覆蓋材之電路層12之同時,於另一方的面,藉由Al-Si系合金所成之焊接填料材40而層積金屬層13,將此等,在真空環境下進行加壓的狀態進行加熱而附上焊接填料(第1接合工程)。經由此,於陶瓷基板11的兩面,加以形成接合電路層12與金屬層13之功率模組用基板10(圖 6(b))。
接著,如圖6(b)所示,於所得到之功率模組用基板10之金屬層13,藉由Al-Si-Mg系合金所成之焊接填料材45而層積散熱片20,將此等,在氮素環境等之非氧化環境下進行加壓的狀態進行加熱而附上焊接填料(第2接合工程)。
在圖6(c)所示之功率模組用基板單元54中,將電路層12之第2層16的厚度作為t1、將第1層15與第2層16之接合面積作為A1、將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,而將散熱片20的厚度作為t2、將金屬層13與散熱片20的接合面積作為A2、將散熱片20的耐力作為σ2時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)則作為0.85以上1.40以下。
在此功率模組用基板單元54中,如此,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)為1.00之情況,0.85以上不足1.00之情況,超過1.00而1.40以下之情況中,與第1實施形態同樣地良好地加以構成將陶瓷基板11作為中心之對稱構造。
圖7係顯示第6實施形態之功率模組用基板單元55。在上述第1至第5實施形態中,顯示1組之功率模組用基板則加以接合於1片之散熱片的形態,但如圖7所示之功率模組用基板單元55,複數之功率模組用基板10S則加以接合於1片之散熱片20的情況,亦同樣可適用本發明。在如此作為所構成之功率模組用基板單元55 中,經由將複數之功率模組用基板10S,於散熱片20上拉開間隔而接合之時,可謀求基板的高集成化者。
在此功率模組用基板單元55中,各功率模組用基板10S係將層積第1層15及第2層16所成之小電路層12S,和小陶瓷基板11S,和小金屬層13S進行層積而加以構成。將第2層16之厚度作為t1,將第1層15與第2層16之接合面積作為A(此情況,將在構成電路層12之各小電路層12S之第2層16與第1層15之接合面積的總和作為A1),將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,將散熱片20之厚度作為t2,將經由複數之小金屬層13S所構成之金屬層13與散熱片20之接合面積的總和作為A2(此情況,將對於各小金屬層13S之散熱片20而言之接合面積的總和作為A2),將散熱片20之耐力作為σ2時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)則作為0.85以上1.40以下。
在此功率模組用基板單元55中,如此,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)為1.00之情況,0.85以上不足1.00之情況,超過1.00而1.40以下之情況中,與第1實施形態同樣地良好地加以構成將陶瓷基板11作為中心之對稱構造。
如功率模組用基板單元55,具備複數之功率模組用基板10S之情況,在各接合部分中,經由考慮第2層16之剛性(考慮相乘厚度t1與接合面積A1之體積的耐力)與散熱片20的剛性(考慮相乘厚度t2與接合面積A2之體積的耐力)之對稱性之時,可確實地防止彎曲的 產生。
圖8及圖9係顯示第7實施形態之功率模組用基板單元56。在此功率模組用基板單元56中,金屬層13與陶瓷基板11係由1片加以構成,但電路層12則經由於陶瓷基板11上,於面方向拉開間隔而加以配設之複數的小電路層12S而加以形成。如此,電路層12在經由所分離之複數之小電路層12S而加以形成之情況,同樣地亦可適用本發明。在如此作為所構成之功率模組用基板單元56中,因形成經由於陶瓷基板11上拉開間隔而接合複數之小電路層12S而加以圖案化之電路層12之故,與第6實施形態之功率模組用基板單元55同樣地,可謀求基板之高集成化者。
在此功率模組用基板單元56中,各小電路層12S係層積第1層15及第2層16而加以形成。將第2層16之厚度作為t1,將第1層15與第2層16之接合面積作為A1(此情況,將在構成電路層12之各小電路層12S之第2層16與第1層15之接合面積的總和作為A1),將第2層16之耐力作為σ1,將散熱片20之厚度作為t2,將金屬層13與散熱片20之接合面積的總和作為A2,將散熱片20之耐力作為σ2時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)則作為0.85以上1.40以下。
在此功率模組用基板單元56中,如此,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)為1.00之情況,0.85以上不足1.00之情況,超過1.00而1.40以下之情況中,同樣地良 好地加以構成將陶瓷基板11作為中心之對稱構造。
如功率模組用基板單元56,經由相互分離之複數之小電路層12S而加以形成電路層12之情況,接合於陶瓷基板11之電路層12與金屬層13係形狀則為不同,但在此等接合部分中,經由考慮第2層16之剛性(考慮相乘厚度t1與接合面積A1之體積的耐力)與散熱片20的剛性(考慮相乘厚度t2與接合面積A2之體積的耐力)之對稱性之時,可確實地防止彎曲的產生。
實施例
接著,對於為了確認本發明之效果而進行之實施例加以說明。作為發明例1~18,準備厚度0.635mm之AlN所成之陶瓷基板,和厚度0.6mm之4N-Al所成之第1層及金屬層之同時,對於電路層之第2層及散熱片而準備示於表1之厚度,接合面積,鋁純度,耐力之構成。然而,散熱片係平板狀,全體之平面尺寸係作為60mm×50mm。
經由在第1實施形態至第5實施形態所述之各接合方法而接合此等,製作功率模組用基板單元。表1之實施形態(接合方法)係顯示各試料則由哪個實施形態之製造方法所製作者。另外,作為以往例1,在第1實施形態所述之接合方法中,未接合電路層之第2層,而製作未加以形成有第2層之功率模組用基板單元。
然而,表1之「比率」係實施形態(接合方 法)為1之情況及5之情況係顯示(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2),而2之情況係顯示(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4),對於3之情況係顯示(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A2×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2),4之情況係顯示(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)。
並且,對於所得到之各試料,各測定在接合後之常溫(25℃)時之彎曲量(初期彎曲),280℃加熱時之彎曲量(加熱時彎曲)。彎曲量係將散熱片之背面的平面度變化,使用莫瑞條紋是三維形狀測定機而測定進行評估,將於電路層側彎曲成凸狀之情況作為正的彎曲量(+),而將於電路層側彎曲成凹狀之情況作為負的彎曲量(-)。將其結果示於表1。
從表1了解到,在於電路層,未層積純度不足99.90質量%之鋁板所成之第2層之以往例1中,確認到在常溫時及加熱時之彎曲變大者。對此,在於電路層,層積純度不足99.90質量%之鋁板所成之第2層之發明例1~18中,確認到得到在常溫時及加熱時之彎曲變小之功率模組用基板單元者。
更且,在(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)、(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)、或(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2)、(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)為0.85以上1.40以下之範圍內的發明例1~14中,了解到彎曲量則可更小者。隨之,此功率模組用基板單元係在半導體元件之附上焊錫時,或者之後之使用環境中,即使暴露於高溫,彎曲的產生則變少,可長期地維持信賴性。
然而,本發明係未限定於上述實施形態者,在不脫離本發明之內容的範圍,可加上種種變更者。例如,在上述各實施形態中,使用平板狀之散熱片,但亦可使用加以設置多數之銷狀鰭片或帶狀鰭片於接合金屬層之平板部的形狀之散熱片。此情況,將平板部的厚度作為散熱片之厚度t2。
〔產業上之利用可能性〕
不僅與散熱片之接合後的初期彎曲,而在半導體元件之安裝工程時或使用環境,亦可實現彎曲少之附有散熱片之功率模組用基板單元及功率模組。
10‧‧‧功率模組用基板單元
11‧‧‧陶瓷基板
12‧‧‧電路層
13‧‧‧金屬層
13a‧‧‧金屬層鋁板
15‧‧‧第1層
15a‧‧‧第1層鋁板
16‧‧‧第2層
16a‧‧‧第2層鋁板
20‧‧‧散熱片
30‧‧‧半導體元件
40‧‧‧焊接填料材
50‧‧‧功率模組用基板單元
60‧‧‧接合體
100‧‧‧功率模組

Claims (7)

  1. 一種附有散熱片的功率模組用基板,係在陶瓷基板之一方的面接合電路層,並在前述陶瓷基板之另一方的面藉由金屬層接合散熱片;前述金屬層為純度99.99質量%以上的鋁板;前述散熱片為純度99.90質量%以下之鋁板;前述電路層為接合於前述陶瓷基板之純度99.99質量%以上之鋁板所形成之第1層,與接合於該第1層表面之純度不足99.90質量%之鋁板所形成之第2層的層積構造;其中,將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2)時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2)為0.85以上1.40以下。
  2. 一種附有散熱片的功率模組用基板,係在陶瓷基板之一方的面接合電路層,並在前述陶瓷基板之另一方的面藉由金屬層接合散熱片;前述金屬層為純度99.99質量%以上的鋁板;前述散熱片為純度99.90質量%以下之鋁板;前述電路層為接合於前述陶瓷基板之純度99.99質量%以上之鋁板所形成之第1層,與接合於該第1層表面之純度不足99.90質量%之鋁板所形成之第2層的層積構造;其中,前述電路層係在前述第1層與前述第2層之間 更隔介有鋁合金板所形成之電路側接合芯材;將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2),而將前述電路側接合芯材之厚度作為t3(mm)、將前述電路側接合芯材與前述第1層之接合面積作為A3(mm2)、將前述電路側接合芯材之耐力作為σ3(N/mm2)時,比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2)為0.85以上1.40以下。
  3. 一種附有散熱片的功率模組用基板,係在陶瓷基板之一方的面接合電路層,並在前述陶瓷基板之另一方的面藉由金屬層接合散熱片;前述金屬層為純度99.99質量%以上的鋁板;前述散熱片為純度99.90質量%以下之鋁板;前述電路層為接合於前述陶瓷基板之純度99.99質量%以上之鋁板所形成之第1層,與接合於該第1層表面之純度不足99.90質量%之鋁板所形成之第2層的層積構造;其中,在前述金屬層與前述散熱片之間更隔介有鋁合金板所形成之散熱側接合芯材;將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2),而將前述散熱側接合芯材 之厚度作為t4(mm)、將前述散熱側接合芯材與前述金屬層之接合面積作為A4(mm2)、將前述散熱側接合芯材之耐力作為σ4(N/mm2)時,比率(t1×A1×σ1)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)為0.85以上1.40以下。
  4. 一種附有散熱片的功率模組用基板,係在陶瓷基板之一方的面接合電路層,並在前述陶瓷基板之另一方的面藉由金屬層接合散熱片;前述金屬層為純度99.99質量%以上的鋁板;前述散熱片為純度99.90質量%以下之鋁板;前述電路層為接合於前述陶瓷基板之純度99.99質量%以上之鋁板所形成之第1層,與接合於該第1層表面之純度不足99.90質量%之鋁板所形成之第2層的層積構造;其中,前述電路層係在前述第1層與前述第2層之間隔介有鋁合金板所成之電路側接合芯材,並在前述金屬層與前述散熱片之間隔介有鋁合金板所形成之散熱側接合芯材;將前述第2層的厚度作為t1(mm)、將前述第2層之接合面積作為A1(mm2)、將前述第2層之耐力作為σ1(N/mm2),而將前述散熱片的厚度作為t2(mm)、將前述散熱片之接合面積作為A2(mm2)、將前述散熱片的耐力作為σ2(N/mm2),而將前述電路側接合芯材之厚度作為t3(mm)、將前述第1層與前述電路側接合芯材之接合面積作為A3(mm2)、將前述電路側接合芯材之耐力作為σ3(N/mm2),將前述散熱側接合芯材之厚度作為t4(mm)、將前述散熱側接合芯材與前述金屬層之接合面積作為 A4(mm2)、將前述散熱側接合芯材之耐力作為σ4(N/mm2)時,比率(t1×A1×σ1+t3×A3×σ3)/(t2×A2×σ2+t4×A4×σ4)為0.85以上1.40以下。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1~4項任1項記載之附有散熱片的功率模組用基板,其中,前述功率模組用基板之前述電路層係經由相互分離之複數之小電路層形成。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1~4項任1項記載之附有散熱片的功率模組用基板,其中,前述功率模組用基板係具有複數個。
  7. 一種功率模組,具備:如申請專利範圍第1~6項任1項記載之附有散熱片的功率模組用基板,及搭載於前述電路層之表面上的半導體元件。
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