TWI558789B - 用於發光裝置之螺聯茀類化合物 - Google Patents
用於發光裝置之螺聯茀類化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI558789B TWI558789B TW100136462A TW100136462A TWI558789B TW I558789 B TWI558789 B TW I558789B TW 100136462 A TW100136462 A TW 100136462A TW 100136462 A TW100136462 A TW 100136462A TW I558789 B TWI558789 B TW I558789B
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- -1 spirobifluorene compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYSGIUOABBVCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromofluoren-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(Br)=CC(=O)C3=CC2=C1 GRYSGIUOABBVCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- AZAXKQSDVONBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-amino-2-bromophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound BrC1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZAXKQSDVONBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNRDGHFESOHOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzoselenophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[se]C=CC2=C1 BNRDGHFESOHOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTADSLDAUJLZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KTADSLDAUJLZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFGGMBALVXYUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoselenophene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C[se]C=C21 FFGGMBALVXYUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSAIUCUXHVGXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Br)CC(=O)C2=C1 BSAIUCUXHVGXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPZLXNXYRDOMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC1CC(C2=CC(=CC=C12)Br)=O Chemical compound BrC1CC(C2=CC(=CC=C12)Br)=O ZPZLXNXYRDOMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940054051 antipsychotic indole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHFABSXGNHDNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzoselenophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3[se]C2=C1 DHFABSXGNHDNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- AGJSNMGHAVDLRQ-IWFBPKFRSA-N methyl (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=C(O)C(C)=C1C AGJSNMGHAVDLRQ-IWFBPKFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C25/00—Compounds containing at least one halogen atom bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C25/18—Polycyclic aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C25/22—Polycyclic aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons with condensed rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/72—Spiro hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/76—Dibenzothiophenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/20—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/624—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing six or more rings
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/93—Spiro compounds
- C07C2603/94—Spiro compounds containing "free" spiro atoms
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
本發明涉及基於螺聯茀的化合物以及包含所述化合物的發光裝置。
人們一直在對不同的有機發光裝置進行積極的研究和開發,特別是基於來自小的有機材料的電致發光作用(EL)的那些裝置。對於這類有機裝置,形成形態上穩定的非晶相膜的能力對於開發出用於有機發光二極體(OLED)的小材料而言是一關鍵的要求。這係因為,當將一小分子化合物用作有機發光材料時,如果這種化合物的分子過小而且其結果過於對稱,則通常會發生結晶作用。因此,當施用在一有機發光層中時,小分子化合物容易受到形態變化(如結晶作用)的影響,並且一旦形成了晶體,它就對OLED的發光特徵和使用壽命產生了負面影響。
在裝置運行中的熱壓力會導致從非晶態到熱力學穩定的多晶態的這種相轉變,從而造成該裝置的大幅度退化。其結果係,為了使這種非晶態穩定,關鍵係設計出以高玻璃化轉變溫度(Tg>150℃)為特徵的材料。為了改進裝置的穩定性以便增加工作壽命,已經報導了若干主體材料。尤其是設計具有螺式連接的材料,一直是獲得在具有增強的形態穩定性的同時保持其電-光功能性的OLED材料的一非常成功的策略。
US2006/0141287揭露了包括一固態有機材料的發光層,這種材料包含一具有至少兩種組分的混合物。第一主體組分係一能夠傳輸電荷並還形成聚集體的有機化合物。該混合物的第二種組分係能夠傳輸電荷並且在與該第一主體組分混合時能夠形成連續的且基本上無針孔的層的一有機化合物。在這篇參考文獻中,不同的化合物,如取代的芴衍生物以及螺聯茀衍生物、等,被用作第二種組分。
US2010/0072887也揭露了由包含有機硒化合物(如二苯並硒酚、苯並[b]硒酚、或苯並[c]硒酚衍生物)的多個層製成的發光裝置。該等有機硒化合物可以用作磷光有機金屬摻雜劑的主體。
除了以上的專利參考文獻之外,還有若干參考文獻揭露了螺聯茀化合物。在Advanced Materials(Weinheim,Germany)(2004),16(18),1624-1629中,在三線態激發態特性的意義上研究了基於咔唑和9,9’-螺聯茀(螺)構造單元的低聚物(尤其是對位和間位互連的低聚物)的主體,它們適合於進行有效的、顏色可調的三線態發射。在這篇參考文獻中還對這種低聚物所期望的是,對於藍光、綠光和紅光的發射而言,改進了電洞和電子在主體中的注入。此外,Chemical Physics Letters(2008),461(1-3),9-15也包括了對一系列螺式連接的低聚芴及衍生物的模擬結果。
JP 2010/027681揭露了3,6-雙-N-咔唑基-9,9’-螺聯茀。
然而,以上揭露的該等材料沒有一種滿足OLED應用所必需的全部要求,特別是適合於高磷光效率的能量等級(高三線態能量)、高形態穩定性,同時維持在裝置的運行條件下的其他電-光和處理特性,如發射顏色、尺寸穩定性等等。因此,一直存在著開發能夠滿足上面指出的所有要求的、新型主體材料的需要。
出人意料地,已經發現如在所附的申請專利範圍中定義的、由一適當的取代基取代的、基於螺聯茀的化合物當它被用在發光裝置中時展現出了良好的壽命和良好的效率。
在本發明的一方面,如下地提供了由化學式(I)或(II)代表的化合物。
其中A係一個單鍵或聯苯基、聯三苯基、的一個二價殘基,在該等的每一者中連接到該等碳原子上的一或多個氫原子可以被氫以外的取代基所替換,其中Z係選自N、O、S和SiR的任何一者,Y係N-R、O、S或Si(R)2,其中R係C1-20烷基或芳基,R1和R2係獨立地選自氫和C1-20烷基;X1至X4係獨立地選自除螺聯茀基之外的取代基;l、p和q係獨立地選自從0到4的整數;m係從0到3的整數,
其中B1和B2係獨立地選自氫和雜環基團;r係一從0到3的整數;並且X1到X4、m、p、和q係如化學式(I)所定義的,前提條件係B1和B2不同時為氫,除了具有以下化學式的3,6-雙-N-咔唑基-9,9’-螺聯茀外
本發明的該等化合物可以用於不同的應用中,包括在OLED、光伏達電池或有機半導體裝置中。例如,該等化合物可以用作OLED中磷光發射體的有效主體材料。本發明還提供了一包括所述化合物的裝置,較佳的是一發光裝置。
設計具有螺式連接的材料,一直是獲得在具有增強的形態穩定性的同時保持其電-光功能性的OLED材料的一非常成功的策略。這種概念係基於以下思想,藉由一公用的sp3雜化原子來將具有相同或不同功能(發射、電荷傳輸)的兩個分子π體系相連接。除了螺式連接,在本發明的化合物中,在特定的位置引入了取代基以便控制本發明化合物的三線態能量。
本發明提供了一主體材料,它可以用化學式(I)或(II)來表示。
其中A係一個單鍵或聯苯基、聯三苯基、的一個二價殘基,在該等的每一個中附接到該等碳原子上的一或多個氫原子可以被氫以外的取代基所替換,其中Z係選自N、O、S和SiR的任何一種,Y係N-R、O、S或Si(R)2,其中R係C1-20烷基或芳基,R1和R2係獨立地選自氫和C1-20烷基;X1至X4係獨立地選自除螺聯茀基之外的取代基,l、p和q係選自從0到4的整數;m係一從0到3的整數,
其中B1和B2係獨立地選自氫和雜環基團;r係一從0到3的整數;並且X1到X4、m、p和q係如化學式(I)所定義的,前提條件係B1和B2不同時為氫,具有以下化學式的3,6-雙-N-咔唑基-9,9’-螺聯茀除外
雖然從化學式II很清楚地看到,但在此還是特別地提到,X1到X4當存在於化學式II的化合物中時(即在其中m、p、q和r中至少一個不為零的那些情況下)它們係不同於B1和/或B2的。
在某些實施方式中,這種化合物由化學式(I)表示,並且l、m、p和q係0。在其他實施方式中,這種化合物由化學式(II)表示,並且m、r、p和q係0。
根據本發明,A、B1和B2係在螺聯茀環的間位上被取代的,因為間位的取代應當打破螺聯茀部分與分子其他部分之間的共軛作用,從而確保高的三線態能量,並且間位取代的螺聯茀的低聚物具有與對位取代的相比更高的三線態能量,這樣使得前者更適合於作為藍色發射器的主體。另外,螺部分的存在造成了高的玻璃化轉變溫度並且促進了形態上穩定的非晶相膜的形成,該等膜對於使OLED發射層中的主體產生藍色或白色光而言是必要的特徵。
在本發明的一具體方面,A係一個單鍵。在另一方面,B1係氫,且B2係一雜環基團。這個雜環基團較佳的是可以選自但不限於:咔唑、二苯並噻吩、二苯並呋喃、吖啶、二苯並噻咯、以及二吡啶,它們每一個都是可隨意地由除氫以外的一或多個取代基所取代的。在一具體的實施方式中,雜環基團係由化學式(III)代表的。
其中Y係N-R、O、S、Si(R)2,其中R係C1-20烷基或C1-20芳基;X5和X6係獨立地選自除氫以外的取代基;並且s係從0到3的整數,且t係從0到4的整數。
在另一實施方式中,雜環基團係由化學式(IV)代表的。
其中X5和X6係獨立地選自除氫以外的取代基;並且s和t係獨立地選自從0到4的整數。
在更具體的實施方式中,本發明的化合物係由化學式(V)到(VIII)中的任何一個代表的。
在本發明的另一具體的方面中,該等化合物係由以下化學式IX到XIX的任何一個代表的。
本發明的化合物的合成可以藉由任何已知的方法完成。總體而言,根據本發明的實施方式,具有化學式(I)和(II)的化合物可以藉由以下反應方案來製備:
其中X係一離去基團,如鹵素,較佳的是溴原子。
本發明針對包括具有如上的化學式(I)或(II)的螺聯茀化合物以及一發光化合物的一發光裝置。適合的發光化合物可以選自本領域中已知的以及今後開發的那些,包括(不具有限制性)如在US 2008/238305中揭露的、由化學式(XX)代表的金屬錯合物:
上述金屬錯合物,特別是銥錯合物,可以在光譜的可見區域中展現出磷光發射。在具體的實施方式中,這種發射性化合物在光譜的藍色區域中展現出磷光發射。
本發明的另一方面涉及一包括具有化學式(I)或(II)的化合物以及一發光化合物(尤其是金屬錯合物)的OLED。
本發明的另一方面涉及如上所定義的具有化學式(I)或(II)的化合物以及一發光化合物(如金屬錯合物)在OLED中的用途。
這種OLED裝置總體上包括:一玻璃基底;一總體上透明的陽極,如一銦錫氧化物(ITO)陽極;一電洞傳輸層(HTL);一發射層(EML);一電子傳輸層(ETL);以及一總體上為金屬的陰極,如一鋁層。該發射層包括這種主體材料,並且還包括一發射材料(摻雜劑)。該發射材料被適配為當橫穿該裝置施加電壓時發光。發射材料可以是一磷光發射體,更確切地是一銥錯合物,如以上由化學式(IX)表示的那些。該等層在本領域是公知的,如在US 2010/0190984中列舉的,其揭露內容整體地結合在此。
如果將發射材料用作包括螺聯茀化合物的主體層中的摻雜劑,那麼相對於該主體和該摻雜劑的總重量,它總體上的用量為至少1 wt%、確切地至少3 wt%、並且更確切地至少5 wt%。另外,它總體上的用量為至多30 wt%、確切地至多25 wt%。
本發明還涉及該等化合物根據本發明在OLED、光伏達電池或有機半導體裝置中的用途。
下面,將參照實例和對比實例來詳細解釋本發明。然而該等實例不應在任何意義上被解釋為限制本發明的範圍。此外,除非另有說明,單位都是以重量表示的。
所有的反應都是在惰性氣氛下實現的。所使用的硼酸酯係購得的或按照通常的方法合成的。溶劑和試劑按收到的原樣使用。在裝置中測試的所有產品都昇華過兩次。
3,6-二溴-芴酮
這種化合物係按照Yong Cao等人(Advanced Materials.(2008),20,2359-2364)的方法合成的。
3,6-二溴-螺聯茀(3,6-Di-Br-SBF)
按照下面用於形成3-溴螺聯茀的方法,分離出的這種二溴化合物具有48%的產率。
化合物XVI
將3當量的二苯並呋喃的硼酸酯(17.1 mmol)和3,6-Di-Br-SBF(5.7 mmol)溶解在甲苯中。隨後加入催化劑Pd(PPh3)4、Na2CO3和EtOH,並且將介質加熱至回流持續24小時。蒸發和通常的分離純化之後,收穫了一白色固體,並且快速層析法提供了所希望的產物(產率60%)。
合成實例2-6
3-溴-芴酮
在一個三口燒瓶中,向8.9 ml的HCl(37% w/w,2.1當量)中添加60 ml的水,並且將該介質冷卻到0℃。在0℃將溶解在50 ml水中的NaNO2(1.5當量)逐滴加入。在添加結束時,將溶解在丙酮/水(400/230 ml)混合物中的4-氨基-2-溴苯甲酮(一當量,15.0 g,51.6 mmol)小心地加入。室溫下30分鐘之後,將化合物在60℃加熱3小時。
用二氯甲烷萃取並蒸發有機相之後,收穫了一棕色固體(17.4 g),並進行了快速層析。用己烷結晶之後收穫了純的化合物(4.2 g,產率32%)。
3-溴-螺聯茀(3-SBF)
這種化合物係用3-溴芴酮以兩步製成的。首先,將2-溴聯苯基(1.05當量,4.0 g,16.5 mmol)溶解在102 ml的無水乙醚(Et2O)中。將這種溶液冷卻到-60℃並逐滴加入BuLi(1.16當量)。在此溫度下10分鐘之後,出現一白色沉澱,當將介質加熱到室溫後它又再次溶解。之後加入3-溴芴酮並且使反應混合物處於45℃持續一夜。
加入NH4Cl(5%水溶液,260 ml)並用Et2O萃取之後,獲得了7.0 g的這種醇。將這種固體溶解在141 ml的AcOH中並且藉由加入78 ml的HCl/二噁烷(20當量)使其水解。在蒸發溶劑之後,將固體藉由層析,以提供5.86 g的目標化合物(94%的產率)。
二螺聯茀(化合物V)
在室溫下將3-BrSBF(5.3 g,14.5 mmol)溶解在125 ml的無水THF中。向反應中添加Zn(1.54當量)和Et4Ni(1當量),並且在2小時中將整個混合物加熱到65℃。隨後加入NiBr2(PPh3)2,並且在72小時中將介質加熱到回流。在反應過程中,可以加入0.05當量的鎳催化劑。48小時後,將反應停止,藉由矽石襯墊過濾反應介質。快速層析之後,收穫的二聚體的產率為30%(m=1.41 g)。
3-N-咔唑-螺聯茀(化合物IX)
在室溫將Pd-雙-二苯伸甲基丙酮Pd(dba)2(催化劑,4% mol)和三正丁基膦(P(tBu)3,0.2當量)引入到處於一雙口燒瓶中的甲苯中。在氮氣下15分鐘之後,引入其他反應物(3 Br-SBF(1.9 g,4.8 mmol)、咔唑(0.84 g,5.0 mmol)和tBuONa(1.44 g,15 mmol))並且將該反應介質在90℃加熱3小時。在過濾和蒸發溶劑之後,將固體藉由快速層析,以提供1.7 g的化合物IX(74%的產率,3.5 mmol)。
3-二苯並噻吩-螺聯茀(化合物X)
除了使用了二苯並噻吩的硼酸酯而不是二苯並呋喃的硼酸酯之外,化合物X係以與下面化合物XI完全相同的方式製備的(產率65%)。
3-(N-甲苯基-咔唑)-螺聯茀(化合物XIV)
向一包含N-甲苯基3-硼酸酯咔唑(5.3 mmol,2.1當量)、3-Br-SBF(1當量,2.5 mmol,1.0 g)和Pd(PPh3)4(2% mol,58 mg)的燒瓶中加入甲苯(50 ml)、EtOH(10 ml)和5當量的Na2CO3 2 M(5當量)水溶液。在回流下攪拌2天之後,將反應冷卻,並且用乙醚萃取產物。有機相用水和飽和鹽水洗滌。在已經藉由無水MgSO4乾燥並真空蒸發溶劑之後,藉由快速層析來收穫產物(m=1.4 g,產率95%)。
3-二苯並呋喃-螺聯茀(化合物XI)
如化合物XVI一樣,將二苯並呋喃的硼酸酯(9.1 mmol)和3-Br-SBF(5.7 mmol)溶解在甲苯中。隨後加入催化劑Pd(PPh3)4、Na2CO3和EtOH,並且將介質加熱至回流持續20小時。蒸發和通常的分離純化之後,收穫了4.5 g的固體,並且層析法提供了1.56 g純的產物(產率54%)。
所有的裝置實例都是藉由高真空熱蒸發來生產的,除了電洞注入層係藉由旋轉塗覆技術來沉積的。陽極的電極係120 nm的銦錫氧化物(ITO)。陰極由附有100 nm Al的1 nm LiF組成。所有裝置都是在製成之後立刻在氮氣手套箱中(<1 ppm的H2O和O2)用由環氧樹脂密封的一玻璃罩包封的,並且在包裝內部結合有一吸潮器。該等裝置用來自HAMAMATSU的一台C9920-12外部量子效率測量系統進行光學和電學表徵。EQE係指以%表示的外部量子效率,PE係指以lm/W表示的功率效率,而CIE係指1931國際照明協會(CIE)的座標。壽命測試係藉由在室溫下以連續的電流驅動該等裝置而完成的。LT50係壽命的一度量,並且它對應於光輸出至減少了初始值的50%的時間,其中該裝置係以恆定的電流驅動的。
實例1和2的有機堆疊從ITO表面起依次由以下組成:60 nm的藉由旋轉塗覆來沉積並在熱板上在200℃乾燥10分鐘的Plexcore OC AQ-1100(由Plextronics Inc.供應);30 nm的N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺(-NPD),作為電洞傳輸層(HTL);30 nm的以9%、12.5%、或15%的mc3(具有化學式20的銥-錯合物)摻雜的化合物V或化合物IX,作為發射層(EML);5 nm的3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)聯苯基(mCBP),作為阻擋層(BL);以及40 nm的雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(苯基苯酚)鋁(BAlq),作為電子傳輸層(ETL)。
對比實例1和2係與實例1和2類似地製成的,除了在對比實例1中將DCzT用作主體材料和阻擋層,連同三(8-羥基-喹啉)鋁(Alq3)作為ETL;而在對比實例2中將mCBP用作主體材料。
該等裝置的結構總結在表1中,而表2示出了關於該等裝置的相應的測量結果。百分比係以wt%計的。如在此使用的,DCzT、mCBP、化合物V和化合物IX具有以下結構:
如在表2中示出的,本發明的主體材料顯示了優於對比實例的效率和壽命。具體而言,在初始的1000 Cd/m2的亮度下,該等裝置的壽命的結果顯示出,結合有本發明的主體材料的裝置與對比實例相比具有至少20%的改進。
熟習該項技術者將清楚的是,在不背離本發明的精神和範圍的情況下可以對本發明做出不同的修改和變更。因此,所預期的是,本揭露內容覆蓋了本發明的多種修改和變更,倘若它們進入到所附申請專利範圍及其等價物的範圍之內的話。
圖1示出了一有機發光裝置,它具有分開的電子傳輸、電洞傳輸、以及發射層、連同其他的多個層。
圖2示出了實例2的裝置的外部量子效率對比亮度。
圖3示出了用於實例2的電致發光(EL)光譜。
圖4示出了用於實例2的裝置的壽命測試資料(在L0=2000 Cd/m2下亮度對比時間)。
Claims (11)
- 一種由以下化學式(I)或(II)代表之化合物,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該等化合物由化學式(I)表示,並且l、m、p和q係0。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該等化合物由化學式(II)表示,並且m、r、p和q係0。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之化合物,其中A係一單鍵。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或3項之化合物,其中該雜環基團係由化學式(III)代表:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其係由化學式(VI)到(VIII)中任一者所代表:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其係由以下化學式中任一者所代表:
- 一種發光裝置,其包括如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物以及發光化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之發光裝置,其中該發光化合物包括以下化合物:
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物在有機發光裝置中的用途。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之用途,其中該裝置係有機發光二極體。
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