TWI514037B - 液晶顯示器之加熱器 - Google Patents

液晶顯示器之加熱器 Download PDF

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TWI514037B
TWI514037B TW102140457A TW102140457A TWI514037B TW I514037 B TWI514037 B TW I514037B TW 102140457 A TW102140457 A TW 102140457A TW 102140457 A TW102140457 A TW 102140457A TW I514037 B TWI514037 B TW I514037B
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display
voltage line
node
common voltage
line
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TW201407234A (zh
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Kun Zhang
Frederick P Herrmann
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Kopin Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133382Heating or cooling of liquid crystal cells other than for activation, e.g. circuits or arrangements for temperature control, stabilisation or uniform distribution over the cell
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3655Details of drivers for counter electrodes, e.g. common electrodes for pixel capacitors or supplementary storage capacitors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362Active matrix addressed cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136213Storage capacitors associated with the pixel electrode
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/10Materials and properties semiconductor
    • G02F2202/104Materials and properties semiconductor poly-Si
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0421Structural details of the set of electrodes
    • G09G2300/0426Layout of electrodes and connections
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/04Maintaining the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/041Temperature compensation

Description

液晶顯示器之加熱器
本發明係關於加熱器,尤其係關於用於液晶顯示器之加熱器。
由於液晶(LC)特徵的關係,典型的液晶顯示器(LCD)並無法正確地運作在低溫處。對一可見的LCD來說,需要某種類型的加熱系統來加熱與維持某一溫度。於現有的LCD技術中已經採用兩種方式來加熱與維持適宜的LC溫度。其中一種方式便係使用一外部加熱器,其係在進行顯示器製造之後被附接至該薄膜電晶體/氧化銦錫(TFT/ITO)蓋玻璃。此方式係藉由讓電流流過該LCD蓋玻璃來提供維持加熱。因為其佔據的係該主動LCD矩陣周圍的非主動區並且沿著該LCD的邊緣且經由該(等)蓋玻璃來提供熱能,所以,一外部加熱器通常效率不彰且無法在冷開機(cold start)條件期間快速地加熱該顯示器。
另一種方式則係使用一列線路式加熱器(row-line heater),其係一被整合在該顯示器之主動矩陣結構之中的內部加熱器。該列線路式加熱器可用於在冷開機條件期間快速地加熱該液晶材料。該列線路式加熱器係位於像素陣列內,非常地靠近LC,因而可在LCD玻璃的內部提供高效率、均勻的加熱效果。
圖1所示的係先前技術中已知的一列線路式加熱器的範 例。此方式係使用同時控制該等像素電晶體之輸入閘極的多晶矽列線路。電流能夠流經該等多晶矽列線路10以便在靠近該等像素單元20處產生熱,並且因而用以在靠近該LC材料處產生熱,不過於該加熱階段期間並無法利用此方式來顯示影像,因為該等列電晶體30與32係讓該等列線路20飽和以便對它們進行加熱。CLC 係介於該等電極25與一ITO共用平板之間的電容,在該等電極25與該ITO共用平板之間便係該液晶;而Cstg 則係像素儲存電容。該等裝置之冷開機期間所需要的預熱時間係限制它們在具有此種設計的各種應用中的用途。
本發明係一種即使在顯示面板運作中亦可快速加熱LC材料的替代方式。一加熱器電路係連同該顯示器電路一起被製造,但卻不會干擾該等顯示器電路的運作。明確地說,該顯示器加熱器係使用一共用電壓導體線路來供應熱能給該顯示面板,而並非使用主動控制電晶體輸入線路,例如閘極輸入線路。
根據本發明,除了製造該LCD本身的步驟之外,並不需要任何額外部或新的處理步驟來製造一加熱器。該內部加熱器能夠省卻一外部加熱器的需求,從而可降低成本與功率。另外,加熱器運作亦不會影響顯示面板的運作,因為該加熱器現在係獨立於該等顯示器控制。所以,其可在表現全速率視訊影像時同時用於進行溫度維持與控制。
10‧‧‧多晶矽列線路
20‧‧‧像素單元
30‧‧‧電晶體
32‧‧‧電晶體
CLC ‧‧‧電容
Cstg ‧‧‧電容
40‧‧‧加熱器結構終端
42‧‧‧加熱器結構終端
44‧‧‧導體線路
48‧‧‧像素單元
50‧‧‧玻璃層
52‧‧‧氧化銦錫層
54‧‧‧液晶層
56‧‧‧主動層
58‧‧‧電極層
60(圖3)‧‧‧閘極氧化物層
62(圖3)‧‧‧加熱器線路層
60(圖5)‧‧‧列選擇線路
62(圖5)‧‧‧行選擇線路
MP1‧‧‧電晶體
MP2‧‧‧電晶體
MP3‧‧‧電晶體
MN1‧‧‧電晶體
INV1‧‧‧反向器
INV2‧‧‧反向器
INV3‧‧‧反向器
110‧‧‧液晶顯示器
112‧‧‧透明基板
114‧‧‧單晶體Si薄膜電晶體
115‧‧‧絕緣材料
116‧‧‧單晶體Si層
118‧‧‧閘極
120‧‧‧源極
122‧‧‧汲極
124‧‧‧像素電極
126‧‧‧液晶層
128‧‧‧共用電極
130‧‧‧透明基板
132‧‧‧金屬接點
134‧‧‧絕緣層
136‧‧‧黏結層
150‧‧‧顯示器
從下文中針對附圖所圖解之本發明示範實施例的詳細說明中便可明白本發明的內容,其中,在所有不同的圖式中,相同的元件符號所指的係相同的元件。該等圖式並未依比例繪製,其重點在於圖解本發明 的實施例。
圖1所示的係根據先前技術的一顯示器單元加熱器的示意圖,其係使用同時控制該等電晶體閘極來供應熱能給該等顯示器單元的導體(多晶矽)列線路;圖2所示的係根據本發明一實施例的一顯示器單元加熱器的示意圖,其係使用一共用電壓多晶矽線路來供應熱能給該等顯示器單元;圖3所示的係一顯示器單元的一部份的剖面圖;圖4所示的係一顯示器單元陣列的一俯視平面圖;圖5所示的係可使用該加熱器的一顯示器單元陣列的電路圖;圖6所示的係可配合該列加熱器來使用的一低功率移位暫存器電路圖;圖7所示的係可配合該列加熱器來使用的一液晶顯示器的剖面圖,其係使用單晶體薄膜所構成的薄膜電晶體;以及圖8所示的係另一單晶體膜實施例的剖面圖。
下文將說明本發明的較佳實施例。
於本發明中,係在顯示器主動矩陣中製造一多晶矽加熱器,其方式係即使在正常(主動)顯示作業期間,其仍能提供熱能。該等瞬間接通加熱器線路係藉由修正先前形成該等固定式VCOM像素電容器電極的多晶矽結構所形成的。
圖2所示的係一實施例的電路圖。此圖中使用兩個加熱器結構終端(位於節點V1(40)與V2(42)處)來控制流經該等導體線路的電流。藉由控制節點V1與節點V2之間的直流電壓,流經該(等)導體線路44的電流便會快速且在實體靠近該等像素單元48中之LC結構的地方產生熱能。因為該些導體線路的功用如同會儲存交流視訊信號的像素電容器的一平板,所 以,該平板上的直流電壓對個別像素48的電壓並不會有任何作用。因此,即使像素48處於主動顯示模式之中,仍可提供熱能。
另一方面,存在於該些加熱器線路與LC材料之間的主動層還會遮蔽LC,使其不會受到直流位準的影響。圖3更詳細地顯示其中一個該等顯示器單元的剖面圖。只要V1與V2上的直流電壓不會劇烈改變,該LCD便能夠表現一影像且同時實施溫度加熱或維持。
該等加熱器結構終端V1(40)與V2(42)較佳的係位於該等顯示器電路之封裝的外面,以便可以與該等顯示器電路之運作分開的方式來控制該加熱器。
此方式受人注目的原因係其代表一種整合的高效率方式,其能夠以相對獨立於該顯示器功能來運作。於冷開機期間可施加較高的加熱器功能來有效地進行預熱,便逐漸下降以維持所希的操作溫度。
於一實施例中,圖3中所示之各種結構的維度可能係玻璃(50)加上ITO(52)厚度等於約0.7mm;LC(54)約為2.4μm;主動層(56)約為320nm;電極層(58)約為12nm;閘極氧化物層(60)約為60nm;而加熱器線路層(62)約為500nm。不過,亦可採用其它配置。
因為其實體上靠近該LC材料並且與顯示器成像同時運作,所以,該瞬間接通加熱器並不會有先前技術的缺點。其還可避免發生外部加熱器的導熱問題以及最小化實體安置的衝擊。該瞬間接通加熱器係在一正常IC製程期間被製造。該加熱器可被配置成以獨立於該顯示器電路的方式來達到所希的電阻與功率。
圖4所示的係一併入本發明的彩色像素陣列佈局的平面圖。
圖5所示的係可併入圖2與3之加熱器的一顯示器的高階電路圖。如該些圖中所示,節點V1與V2係提供熱能給像素單元48。從圖中還可看見,該等像素單元48其中一者的一範例係受控於其中一條列選擇線 路60以及其中一條行選擇線路62。該列選擇線路60及行選擇線路62係由饋送自個別的列選擇移位暫存器64以及行選擇移位暫存器66。
該等移位暫存器64、66中其中一者或兩者可利用2006年11月20日所提申之共同待審的美國臨時專利申請案第60/860,059號中所述的方式來施行,該臨時專利申請案的標題為「Shift Register For Low Power Consumption」,本文以引用的方式將其完整併入。明確地說,該移位暫存器中的個別級係以一低電壓擺盪時脈信號來運作,該級電路的一節點係直接受驅於單一電晶體。如圖6中所示(其對應於所引用的共同待審申請案的圖3),時脈ck係驅動一或多個級電晶體MP1。MP1的閘極係饋送自一對串接電晶體MP2與MP3,該對電晶體係將節點a處的狀態設為由輸入e*與vgp所決定的狀態。來自前一級的反向輸入e*係被饋送至反向器INV3的輸入終端,用以控制電晶體MP3的閘極。MP3汲極終端係控制電晶體MP1的閘極。電晶體MP2的源極終端則係饋送自電壓VDD。
預充電輸入pc*係經由該單一NAND閘連同一重置信號r*一起被饋送。該NAND閘的輸出係驅動信號緩衝器電晶體MN1的閘極終端。第一反向器INV1以及第二反向器INV2係分別提供反向輸出out*以及非反向輸出out。
於其它的實施例中,具有在2006年8月16日所提申之共同待審的美國臨時專利申請案第60/838,014號中所述之類型的LCD陣列可運用單晶體薄膜電晶體(TFT)來形成該等顯示器單元48,該臨時專利申請案的標題為「Display System With Single Crystal SI Thin Film Transistors」,本文以引用的方式將其全部教示內容併入。
圖7所示的便係此一液晶顯示器110的一實施例的示意剖面圖,該液晶顯示器包含一透明基板112,例如玻璃、熔融矽土、或是藍寶石。在透明基板112上方設置著複數個單晶體Si TFT 114。圖中還顯示出單晶體 Si層116、閘極118、源極120、以及汲極122。單晶體Si TFT 114的厚度範圍介於約100nm與約200nm之間,較佳的範圍係介於約150nm與約200nm之間。本文中所用到的「一單晶體Si薄膜電晶體陣列厚度」一詞所指的係圖7中所示的單晶體層116的厚度「a」。絕緣材料115係包圍單晶體Si TFT 114。在單晶體Si TFT 114上方設置著複數個像素電極124。液晶層126係被設置在共用電極128與像素電極124之間。在共用電極128上方設置著透明基板130。每一個單晶體Si TFT 114以及每一個像素電極124均係透過金屬接點132來相互進行電通信。絕緣層134係位於金屬接點132周圍。於顯示器110中,係藉由黏結層136來分隔透明基板112與單晶體Si TFT 114。
圖8所示的係本發明的液晶顯示器的另一實施例的示意剖面圖。該顯示器150包含透明基板112;以及位於透明基板112上方的單晶體Si TFT 114。絕緣材料115係包圍單晶體Si TFT 114。在單晶體Si TFT 114上方設置著複數個像素電極124。液晶層126係被設置在共用電極128與像素電極124之間。在共用電極128上方設置著透明基板130。每一個單晶體Si TFT 114以及每一個像素電極124均係透過金屬接點132來相互進行電通信。絕緣層115係位於金屬接點132周圍。於顯示器150中,係在透明基板112之上隔開單晶體Si TFT 114。
根據本發明的顯示器可用在各種設備中,其包含:夜視裝置、數位相機、單透鏡反光相機(SLR)或視訊網路相機、手持式視訊遊戲機、以及其它設備。
雖然本文已經參考本發明的較佳實施例來特別顯示與說明本發明,不過,熟習本技術的人士便會瞭解,仍可在不脫離隨附申請專利範圍所涵蓋的本發明範疇下對其進行各種形式上與細節變化。
CLC ‧‧‧電容
Cstg ‧‧‧電容
40‧‧‧加熱器結構終端
42‧‧‧加熱器結構終端
44‧‧‧導體線路
48‧‧‧像素單元

Claims (11)

  1. 一種用於加熱一液晶顯示器之設備,其包括:一顯示器的複數個顯示器單元,每一個單元均包括至少一像素以及一電晶體,該電晶體具有至少一閘極終端,且該電晶體係被排列成用以控制該像素的操作狀態;一共用電壓線路,該共用電壓線路係於每一個顯示器單元各自的該電晶體的該閘極終端以外的一位置點處被連接至該顯示器的該複數個顯示器單元的二或多個顯示器單元,該共用電壓線路還具有兩個終端,用以提供一第一節點與一第二節點;以及一控制電路,其係用於控制被提供至該等兩個第一節點與第二節點的電壓,俾使該等第一節點與第二節點之間的電壓差係讓電流流過該共用電壓線路,並且藉此形成一內部加熱器,用以加熱與該共用電壓線路連接的該二或多個顯示器單元,使得加熱係來自該顯示器的一主動矩陣結構。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中,該等顯示器單元係被排列在一由複數列與行所組成的矩陣之中。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之設備,其還包括至少一行選擇線路以及一列選擇線路。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之設備,其中,該共用電壓線路係獨立於該行選擇線路。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中,該共用電壓線路係被設置在每一個顯示器單元中的電晶體與像素單元其中一者的旁邊。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中,該共用電壓線路係位於該等像素單元的一主動層下方的一平面之中。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中,該共用電壓線路係並不被耦接至該等電晶體的閘極控制輸入。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第3項之設備,其中,該共用電壓線路係獨立於該列選擇線路。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中,該等顯示器單元係使用在下面其中一者之中:數位相機、單透鏡反光(SLR)相機、夜視顯示器、手持式視訊遊戲行動電話、或是視訊眼鏡式裝置。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第3項之設備,其中,該列選擇線路或行選擇線路中至少一者係由一低功率移位暫存器來提供。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之設備,其中,該低功率移位暫存器包括一個級電路,其具有一受驅於單一電晶體的單一電壓節點。
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