TWI492917B - 以氫氟烴類為底質之組成物 - Google Patents

以氫氟烴類為底質之組成物 Download PDF

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TWI492917B
TWI492917B TW098117450A TW98117450A TWI492917B TW I492917 B TWI492917 B TW I492917B TW 098117450 A TW098117450 A TW 098117450A TW 98117450 A TW98117450 A TW 98117450A TW I492917 B TWI492917 B TW I492917B
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hfc
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tetrafluoropropene
heat transfer
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Wissam Rached
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Arkema France
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
    • C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
    • C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
    • C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Lubricants (AREA)
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Description

以氫氟烴類為底質之組成物
本發明關於含括氫氟烴類之組成物及其作為熱傳流體、發泡劑、溶劑及氣溶膠之用途。
蒙特婁(Montreal)會議處理耗盡大氣中臭氧層(ODP：臭氧耗盡潛能)之物質所引起的問題，其中簽署強制減少氯氟碳類(CFCs)之製造和使用之議定書。該議定書業已成為要求取消使用CFCs及對其他產品(包括氫氯氟碳類(HCFCs))延伸管控的多個修正議案之主題。
冷凍工業及提供空氣調節之致冷工業於此等冷凍劑之替代上已投資大筆經費並因此已於市場上販售氫氟碳類(HFCs)。
作為發泡劑或溶劑使用之(氫)氯氟碳類亦已被HFCs取代。
於機動車輛產業中，許多國家所販售之供車輛使用的空氣調節系統已將氯氟碳(CFC-12)冷凍劑轉換為較不傷害臭氧層之氫氟碳(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷：HFC-134a)冷凍劑。然而，自京都(Kyoto)議定書所設定之多個目標觀之，HFC-134a(GWP=1300)被視為具有高熱力。冷凍劑對溫室效應之貢獻程度係經標準(GWP：全球暖化潛能)量化，該GWP摘要熱力(其中二氧化碳之參考值為1)。
二氧化碳係非毒性、不可燃且具有極低之GWP，因此已被提議作為空氣調節系統之冷凍劑以替代HFC-134a。然而，二氧化碳於使用上存有數個缺點，特別是有關於現有之裝置和技術下作為冷卻劑使用之極高壓力。
文件JP 4110388描述使用式C3 Hm Fn 之氫氟丙烯(其中m和n代表1至5之整數且m+n=6，特別是四氟丙烯和三氟丙烯)作為熱傳流體。
文件WO 2004/037913揭示使用包含至少一種含有3或4個碳原子之氟鏈烯(特別是五氟丙烯和四氟丙烯，較佳地係GWP為至多150者)之組成物作為熱傳流體。
文件WO 2005/105947教示加入共發泡劑(諸如二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷、四氟乙烷、二氟乙烷、七氟丙烷、六氟丙烷、五氟丙烷、五氟丁烷、水及二氧化碳)至四氟丙烯(較佳地1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯)中。
文件WO 2006/094303揭示一種共沸組成物，其包含7.4重量%之2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(1234yf)和92.6重量%之二氟甲烷(HFC-32)。該文件亦揭示一種共沸組成物，其包含91重量%之2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和9重量%之二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)。
本專利申請案之申請人現今已開發含括氫氟丙烯類之組成物，該組成物不具有上述之缺點且含有零ODP和比現有之熱傳流體(諸如R404A(五氟乙烷(44重量%)、三氟乙烷(52重量%)及HFC-134a(4重量%)之三元混合物)和R407C(HFC-134a(52重量%)、HFC-125(25重量%)及HFC-32(23重量%)之三元混合物))為低之GWP。
本發明之組成物的特徵係包含2至55重量%之2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、2至55重量%之HFC-152a及30至55重量%之HFC-32。
依據本發明之一較佳型式，該組成物包含30至45重量%之HFC-32、30至53重量%之2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯及2至20重量%之HFC-152a。
包含40重量%之HFC-32、50重量%之2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯及10重量%之HFC-152a的組成物係特別有益的。
有利地，本發明之組成物本質上包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、HFC-152a及HFC-32作為氫氟碳類(飽和或未飽和)。
本發明之組成物可作為熱傳流體(較佳地於壓縮系統中)且係特別適用於冷凍(較佳地作為R404A和HCFC-22(氯二氟甲烷)之替代物)。
本發明之組成物亦係適用於供空氣調節和加熱之壓縮系統(特別是熱泵)且較佳地作為R407C和HFC-134a之替代物。
本發明之組成物可包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯之安定劑。該安定劑占總組成物之至多5重量%。
可特別提及作為安定劑的是硝基甲烷、抗壞血酸、對酞酸、唑類(諸如甲苯三唑或苯並三唑)、酚化合物(諸如生育酚、氫醌、特丁基氫醌或2,6-二(特丁基)-4-甲基酚)、(烷基(可選擇地經氟化或全氟化)或烯基或芳香族)環氧化物(諸如正丁基縮水甘油醚、己二醇二縮水甘油醚、烯丙基縮水甘油醚或丁基苯基縮水甘油醚)、亞磷酸鹽、磷酸鹽、膦酸鹽或硫赶及內酯。
本發明之組成物可包含潤滑劑，諸如礦物油、烷基苯、聚伸烷基乙二醇及聚乙烯醚。
本發明之組成物可另外作為發泡劑、氣溶膠及溶劑。
本發明之組成物於冷凍操作條件下的實施功效係示於表1。每個組成物中成分(1234yf、32及152a)之量係以重量%表示。
對R404A，於下述操作條件下，表名之操作壓力係1829 kPa，容量係1471 kJ/m3 且COP係1.8：
蒸發溫度：-20℃
冷凝溫度：40℃
壓縮機入口溫度：-5℃
低溫冷卻液體之溫度：35℃
壓縮機之等熵功效：70%
Evap P：蒸發器內壓力
Cond P：冷凝器內壓力
比率：壓縮比
壓縮機出口T：壓縮機出口溫度
COP：實施功效係數且對於冷凍係被定義為由該系統所提供之有用冷動力比由該系統所導入或消耗之動力。容量和COP係等於或甚至大於R404A所給予之值。
本發明之組成物於空氣調節和熱泵操作條件下的實施功效係示於表2。每個組成物中成分(1234yf、32及152a)之量係以重量%表示。
對R407C，於下述操作條件下，表名之操作壓力係3442 kPa，容量係1461 kJ/m3 且COP係2.1：
蒸發溫度：-5℃
冷凝溫度：70℃
壓縮機入口溫度：5℃
低溫冷卻液體之溫度：65℃
壓縮機之等熵功效：70%
Evap P：蒸發器內壓力
Cond P：冷凝器內壓力
比率：壓縮比
壓縮機出口T：壓縮機出口溫度
COP：實施功效係數且對於熱泵係被定義為由該系統所提供之有用熱動力比由該系統所導入或消耗之動力。
於相同條件下，本發明之組成物提供比R407C較大之容量且可使用體積較小之裝置、可減少將被使用之冷凍劑的量並可降低該裝置之成本。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種組成物，其包含30至45重量%之HFC-32、30至53重量%之2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯及5至20重量%之HFC-152a。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物，其中該組成物包含40重量%之HFC-32、50重量%之2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯及10重量%之HFC-152a。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之組成物，其中該組成物本質上包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、HFC-152a及HFC-32。
  4. 一種熱傳流體，其包含如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組成物。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之熱傳流體，其中該熱傳流體係於冷凍中作為R404A和HCFC-22之替代物。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項之熱傳流體，其中該熱傳流體係於空氣調節和加熱中作為R407C和HFC-134a之替代物。
  7. 一種發泡劑，其包含如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組成物。
  8. 一種氣溶膠，其包含如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組成物。
  9. 一種溶劑，其包含如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組成物。
TW098117450A 2008-06-11 2009-05-26 以氫氟烴類為底質之組成物 TWI492917B (zh)

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FR0853860A FR2932493B1 (fr) 2008-06-11 2008-06-11 Compositions a base d'hydrofluoroolefines

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EP (1) EP2283102B1 (zh)
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CN (1) CN102066519B (zh)
ES (1) ES2528594T3 (zh)
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TW201004902A (en) 2010-02-01
CN102066519A (zh) 2011-05-18
US20120056123A1 (en) 2012-03-08
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JP5639050B2 (ja) 2014-12-10
CN102066519B (zh) 2013-09-04
WO2010000994A2 (fr) 2010-01-07
US20110084228A1 (en) 2011-04-14
EP2283102A2 (fr) 2011-02-16
JP2011522948A (ja) 2011-08-04
KR101618597B1 (ko) 2016-05-09
ES2528594T3 (es) 2015-02-10
FR2932493B1 (fr) 2010-07-30
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KR20110037949A (ko) 2011-04-13

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