TWI492834B - 具有減小的頂錐角之螺桿元件 - Google Patents

具有減小的頂錐角之螺桿元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI492834B
TWI492834B TW098120532A TW98120532A TWI492834B TW I492834 B TWI492834 B TW I492834B TW 098120532 A TW098120532 A TW 098120532A TW 98120532 A TW98120532 A TW 98120532A TW I492834 B TWI492834 B TW I492834B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
screw
arc
profile
point
native
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TW098120532A
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English (en)
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TW201016440A (en
Inventor
Michael Bierdel
Thomas Koenig
Ulrich Liesenfelder
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Bayer Ip Gmbh
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Publication of TW201016440A publication Critical patent/TW201016440A/zh
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Publication of TWI492834B publication Critical patent/TWI492834B/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/481Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with paddles, gears or discs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
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    • B29C48/251Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments
    • B29C48/2517Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments of intermeshing screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/507Screws characterised by the material or their manufacturing process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/57Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description

具有減小的頂錐角之螺桿元件
本發明關於用於具備成對共同旋轉完全刮刷螺桿之多螺桿擠製器的新穎螺桿元件、此等螺桿元件在多螺桿擠製器中之使用及一種產生這些螺桿元件的方法。
具有彼此完全刮刷之轉子的共同旋轉雙螺桿或多螺桿擠製器已為人知許久(舉例來說見德國專利第862,668號)。基於完全刮刷輪廓之原理的螺旋擠製器被用在聚合物生產和處理之範疇中的多樣應用。這主要是因為聚合熔融物黏附於表面且在一般使用的處理溫度下會隨時間經過而降解。此問題由完全刮刷螺桿的自清效應防止。產生完全刮刷螺桿輪廓的規則舉例來說見Klemens :Der Doppelschneckenextruder("共同旋轉雙螺桿擠製器") ,出版商:Hanser Verlag,Munich,2007,pp. 96起)[1]。此參考文獻描述了單螺紋、雙螺紋及三螺紋之輪廓的構造。
熟習此技藝者知曉在螺紋梢的區域中會有極大量的能量消散在熔融物中,從而導致產品中有可觀的局部過熱現象。這舉例來說見於[1]之第160頁起。此種局部過熱現象可能對產品造成傷害,例如使產品的氣味、顏色、化學組成或分子量產生變化或是導致不均物譬如膠化顆粒或小塊生成。就此而論一大頂錐角的傷害力特強。
在雙螺桿擠製器中,能量係以高價的電力之形式導入,且因此為了成本相關和環保的理由期望減低能量輸入。此外,一高能量輸入會得到高產品溫度,然後會產生與品質有關的缺點。再者,在許多情況中一高能量輸入會減低雙螺桿擠製器之可能產量且因此亦減低其成本效益。
雙螺桿擠製器中之能量輸入係藉由製程參數及轉速、藉由產品之材料特質且藉由所用螺桿之幾何形狀決定。現行雙螺桿擠製器係由一模組化系統組成,其中各螺桿元件可被安裝在一中心軸上。使用此種系統,熟習此技藝者可調整雙螺桿擠製器以配合相關處理工作。當今通常使用具備雙螺紋和三螺紋輪廓的螺桿元件,因為單螺紋螺桿輪廓會因為它們的大頂錐角而有一太高的能量輸入。
依據習知技藝(舉例來說見[1]之第101頁),完全刮刷螺桿元件之幾何形狀係藉由使用螺紋(flight)數Z、心距A及筒體直徑(亦即其相當於完全刮刷外形之直徑DE)等獨立參數決定。螺紋數為每一元件刮刷外壁之弧的數量。此一弧相對於旋轉中心的角度被稱為頂錐角KW0。在頂錐角之區域中,輪廓之外半徑係與筒體半徑相同。依據習知技藝,KW0並非可經修改以配合面對之問題的可調整參數,而是由下式1給出:
其中KW0是完全刮刷輪廓以弳度計算之頂錐角且π為圓周率()。因此一對緊密互嚙元件之兩元件之頂錐角的總和SKW0如下式:
倘若一雙螺桿擠製器之一些區域在操作期間僅局部地被熔融物充填,例如僅在一除氣區中或一壓力累積區之緩衝區域中被熔融物充填,熔融物在螺梢之下游旋轉[1]。每一螺桿輪廓具有一〝推〞熔融物的螺腹及一〝拉〞熔融物的螺腹。螺桿係以一使該推螺腹設置在螺梢之下游側且將該拉螺腹設置在螺梢之上游側的方式轉動。在局部充填狀態中,熔融物在該〝推〞螺腹之下游旋轉。此旋轉熔融物中例如用於除氣作業之能量散逸及處理效率不僅取決於頂錐角和間距還取決於該〝推〞螺腹之下游之熔融物渠道的幾何形狀。習知技藝不提供調整此幾何形狀以配合待決問題的任何可能性。
在操作期間,多螺桿擠製器的螺桿通常被安裝在傳動端處的齒輪箱內,該傳動端同時也是產品進料端。在產品射出端處,螺桿係被安裝在熔融產品內,因為外部安裝會變成產品射出區中的障礙。在多螺桿擠製器於一起動程序期間被產品裝填之前,螺桿係在其螺梢直接碰到筒體材料的無潤滑狀態下旋轉。這可對螺桿和筒體造成磨蝕和傷害並使產品受污染。為避免螺梢過度磨損,必須有某一最小頂錐角。因此會想要能夠自由地選擇此頂錐角。
雙螺桿擠製器亦可能遭受磨損,這在純聚合物的情況中可能發生在熔化區中。有固體填料及強化材料例如滑石、碳酸鈣或特別是玻璃纖維填充的產品會產生特別大的磨損度。舉例來說,當產品含有酸類時也可能發生腐蝕侵襲或經歷劈開作用。此等磨蝕和腐蝕侵襲對於在輪廓末梢邊緣處的牙頂有著特別不利的影響,在末稍處舉例來說有可能使材料被磨除或發生破碎作用。此等在輪廓末稍產生的改變對於多螺桿擠製器的效率有極大影響且非吾人所願。修圓牙頂很不容易受此等效應影響,但依據習知技藝無法在不喪失螺桿之自清效果的前提下被使用。
鑑於習知技藝,因此引發提供用於多螺桿擠製器不受依據習知技藝之螺桿元件之前述限制條件限制的緊密互嚙螺桿元件的問題。該問題係提供能量輸入經減低的螺桿元件。該問題亦為提供螺桿元件,其中推螺腹和拉螺腹之幾何形狀係以一與產品之最佳處理程序得在一多螺桿擠製器中進行之待決問題有關的方式設計。
令人驚奇的是,頃已獲得具有一相較於習知技藝減小的頂錐角之螺桿元件,且此等螺桿元件解決前述問題。
因此本發明關於用於具備成對共同旋轉完全刮刷螺桿及二或更多螺紋之多螺桿擠製器的螺桿元件,其特徵為一對元件之頂錐角的總和SKW可被自由地選擇且大於0小於,其中Z是螺紋數,A是兩螺桿元件之間的心距且DE是螺桿元件之外徑。在依據本發明的螺桿元件中,推螺腹和拉螺腹的幾何形狀得依據需求被個別地設計且必要時末梢邊緣處的牙頂得經修圓。
本發明不侷限於具備當今慣用類型之模組化設計、由螺桿元件和中心軸組成之螺桿的螺桿元件,還可以用於建構成一體的螺桿。因此螺桿元件亦涉及建構為整合整體的螺桿。
依據本發明之螺桿元件的螺紋數Z較佳是2、3、4、5、6、7、或8;較佳其為2至4。
螺桿輪廓之外半徑為RE=DE/2,內徑為DK且內半徑為RK=DK/2。因此下式永遠適用:A=RE+RK。
依據本發明之螺桿元件的原生和衍生輪廓(〝螺桿輪廓〞)係由彼此切向地合併的多個弧組成。依據本發明之螺桿元件的原生和衍生輪廓每一者由至少6*Z個弧組成。
弧的大小係由其中心角及其半徑定義。在下文中,〝弧之中心角〞將簡稱為〝弧之角〞。弧的位置係由係由其中心點之位置及其兩端點之位置定義。
依據本發明之螺桿元件之輪廓的特徵為該等弧之一或多者得具有零半徑。在此例中,輪廓具有一或多個扭結。
雙螺桿擠製器之一第一螺桿之一預先定義螺桿輪廓(〝原生〞螺桿輪廓)特別地決定一相鄰第二螺桿之螺桿輪廓(〝衍生〞螺桿輪廓)。雙螺桿擠製器之一第一螺桿的螺桿輪廓因此被稱為原生螺桿輪廓,而雙螺桿擠製器之相鄰第二螺桿的螺桿輪廓被稱為衍生螺桿輪廓。在一多螺桿擠製器中,原生螺桿輪廓和衍生螺桿輪廓永遠是交替地排列。
依據本發明之螺桿輪廓永遠是封閉且為凸形。每一元件之各弧之角的總和永遠是2π。
依據本發明之螺桿元件的特徵為衍生螺桿輪廓之每一弧〝對應〞於衍生螺桿輪廓之弧之一者。〝對應〞一辭應理解為:對應弧的角係大小相同;對應弧之半徑的總和等於心距;原生螺桿輪廓之一弧之中心點與其端點之間的連接線之每一者平行於衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點與其端點之間的連接線之一者;原生螺桿輪廓之一弧之端點相對於該弧之中心點的方向在任何情況中皆相反於衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之端點相對於衍生螺桿輪廓之該弧之中心點的方向;原生螺桿輪廓之弧之中心點與衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點之間的距離等於心距;原生螺桿輪廓之弧之中心點與衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點之間的連接線平行於原生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點與衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點之間的連接線;原生螺桿輪廓之弧之中心點必須被偏移以便與衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點重合的方向係與原生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點必須被偏移以便與衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點重合的方向相同。
圖1例示二個對應弧之一實例。原生螺桿之旋轉中心為DR且衍生螺桿之旋轉中心為DL。在此圖中,弧1為原生弧且弧1’為衍生弧。
依據本發明之螺桿元件之一原生螺桿輪廓具有Z個弧,它們的半徑等於RE且它們的中心點與旋轉中心重合(=〝頂弧〞)。
依據本發明之螺桿元件之一原生螺桿輪廓具有Z個弧,它們的半徑等於RK且它們的中心點與旋轉中心重合(=〝根弧〞)。對應衍生螺桿輪廓亦具有Z個頂弧和Z個根弧。
依據本發明之原生螺桿輪廓之頂弧和根弧之角的總和可被自由地選擇且係大於0小於
衍生螺桿輪廓和原生螺桿輪廓之所有頂弧之角的總和等於原生螺桿輪廓之頂錐角和根錐角的總和,且依據本發明係大於0小於
在依據本發明的螺桿元件之一較佳實施例中,頂弧和根弧係以一在螺桿旋轉期間環繞著輪廓彼此交替的方式排列,亦即在旋轉期間每個頂弧後面跟著一根弧且每個根弧後面跟著一頂弧。因此,在衍生螺桿輪廓中,頂弧和根弧自動地以一在螺桿旋轉期間環繞著輪廓彼此交替的方式排列,亦即在旋轉期間每個頂弧後面跟著一根弧且每個根弧後面跟著一頂弧。
在依據本發明的螺桿元件之一較佳實施例中,可為一原生螺桿元件繪出一線〝K1 〞,該線始於該元件之旋轉中心且結束於一頂弧之一點,故有(Z-1)個附加的線存在,這些線在該原生螺桿元件之旋轉中心與該第一線相交,在該處該等附加的線對該第一線成一2*(i-1)*π/Z的角且在任何情況中與依據本發明之輪廓之一附加頂弧相交,其中i代表從2到Z的所有數字。這些線在下文被稱為Ki
此較佳實施例之一附加特徵為每一條始於旋轉中心且經定位對線〝K1 〞成一角2*(j-1)*π/Z的線會與一根弧相交,其中j代表從1到Z的所有數字。這些線在下文被稱為Kj
若線Ki和Kj之間的角是剛好π/Z則稱此二線為〝相鄰的〞。對於線K1 和N1 、K2 和N2 、...及對於線N1 和K2 、N2 和K3 、...直到Nz和K1 來說正是如此。
就附加實施例而言,兩相鄰線Ki 和Nj 之間的螺桿輪廓被稱為一〝輪廓部分〞。一整個螺桿輪廓可被認知為由2*Z個輪廓部分組成。
若二個輪廓部分被一共用線Ki 或Nj 分開則稱此二部分為〝相鄰的〞。
依據本發明之一輪廓部分中的弧的數量較佳至少四個。若在線Ki 或Nj 之一者彼此直接地合併的二個相鄰弧具有相同中心點及相同半徑,則在給整個輪廓的弧編號時結合此二弧以形成一單個弧,結果是整體輪廓之弧的數量可比每一個別輪廓部分之弧之數量的總和減少。
若二個輪廓部分之組份弧全部彼此對應則稱此二輪廓部分是對應的。
在依據本發明的螺桿元件之一較佳實施例中,原生螺桿輪廓鄰近於一頂錐角的至少一弧係一半徑為0的弧(亦即一銳利牙頂)且原生螺桿輪廓鄰近於一根錐角的至少一弧係一半徑等於心距A的弧。這自動地意味著鄰近於衍生螺桿輪廓之一頂弧的至少一弧係一半徑為0的弧且鄰近於一根弧的至少一弧具有一等於心距A的半徑。
在依據本發明的螺桿元件之一附加較佳實施例中,原生螺桿輪廓鄰近於一頂弧的至少一弧係一半徑>0且小於螺桿直徑DE之0.1倍的弧,且原生螺桿輪廓鄰近於一根弧的至少一弧係一半徑小於心距A且大於A-0.1*DE的弧。這自動地意味著鄰近於一頂弧之衍生螺桿輪廓至少一弧係一半徑>0且小於螺桿直徑DE之0.1倍的弧,且鄰近於一根弧之至少一弧具有一小於且大於A-0.1*DE的半徑。
在一較佳實施例中,依據本發明之螺桿元件的螺桿輪廓在兩螺桿上係相同的(對於奇數Z約π/Z之可能旋轉除外),且對所述輪廓之旋轉點成點對稱。此種輪廓的特徵為其係由兩種輪廓部分(以下稱為〝X〞和〝Y〞)組成。輪廓部分X屬於原生輪廓且輪廓部分Y屬於衍生螺桿輪廓。藉由使輪廓部分X繞原生螺桿輪廓之旋轉中心轉動2πk/Z,其中k代表從1到Z-1的所有整數,螺桿輪廓在相關輪廓片段中完成。藉由使輪廓Y繞衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉中心轉動2πk/Z,其中k代表從1到Z-1的所有整數,螺桿輪廓在相關輪廓片段中完成。此外,原生螺桿輪廓係由輪廓部分Y以一使衍生螺桿輪廓之輪廓部分Y藉由依一從衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉中心到原生螺桿輪廓之旋轉中心的方向偏移該心距、且在已知一奇數Z的條件下額外旋轉π/Z而被複製到原生螺桿輪廓上的方式完成。再者,衍生螺桿輪廓係由輪廓部分X以一使原生螺桿輪廓之輪廓部分X藉由依一從原生螺桿輪廓之旋轉中心到衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉中心的方向偏移該心距、且在已知一奇數Z的條件下額外旋轉π/Z而被複製到衍生螺桿輪廓上的方式完成。一輪廓片段之弧的數量係大於或等於四且較佳大於或等於六。
在依據本發明的螺桿元件之一附加較佳實施例中,兩螺桿上的螺桿輪廓係相同的(對於奇數Z約π/Z之可能旋轉除外),對所述輪廓之旋轉點成點對稱,還有所有線Ki 和Nj 是輪廓之對稱線的特徵。在此例中,輪廓很明顯地係由線K1 和N1 之間的輪廓部分決定,且基於此輪廓部分,在任何情況中藉由以兩輪廓部分之間的對稱線為中心鏡射而獲得一相鄰輪廓部分。線FP被引入以界定點對稱和鏡射對稱螺桿輪廓。FP被定位在離旋轉中心一最小距離(其為A/2)處,與線K1 和N1 相交且垂直於K1 和N1 之間的角平分線。
依據本發明之螺桿元件之此較佳實施例的K1 和N1 之間的輪廓部分的特徵為該輪廓部分之弧在一位於FP上的點處彼此切向地合併。因此,FP係這些弧之一切線。在該等弧碰觸FP的點處,輪廓部分X被劃分成兩個附加輪廓部分X1和X2。輪廓部分X1包括從K1到與FP接觸之點的弧,且輪廓部分X2包括從與FP接觸之點到N1的弧。衍生螺桿之輪廓部分Y1係為對應於X1之弧的部分。藉由以一在兩螺桿輪廓之旋轉點之間的中途垂直地延伸之直線為中心鏡射且藉由後續繞衍生輪廓之旋轉點旋轉π/Z,輪廓部分Y1被複製到輪廓部分X2上。藉此完成的輪廓部分X可被用於藉由以線N1、K2、N2、...為中心連續地鏡射而產生完整的原生螺桿輪廓。衍生螺桿之螺桿輪廓係藉由使原生螺桿之螺桿輪廓偏移且如果Z係一奇數則更藉由使螺桿輪廓繞衍生輪廓之旋轉點旋轉π/Z而獲得。
熟習此技藝者知曉完全刮刷螺桿輪廓無法被直接納入雙螺桿擠製器內,且確實需要螺桿之間的間距。在[1]之第28頁起提及用於此目的之許多不同可行策略。就依據本發明之螺桿元件的螺桿輪廓來說,得使用以螺桿輪廓之直徑為基準在0.001至0.1倍之範圍內、較佳在0.002至0.05倍之範圍內且特佳在0.004至0.02倍之範圍內的間距。如熟習此技藝者所熟知,這些間距得為在螺桿與筒體之間及一螺桿與另一螺桿之間係大小不同或相同的。其得為常數或是可在指定範圍內變動。亦有可能在間距以內偏移一螺桿輪廓。可行間距策略包含見於[1]之第28頁起的加大心距、縱向等距間距或三維等距間距。所有此等策略皆為熟習此技藝者已知。在加大心距之例中,建構出一具有較小直徑的螺桿輪廓且被拉開螺桿間之間距的大小。在縱向等距間距之方法的案例中,縱剖面(平行於軸線)的外形輪廓被往內朝軸線偏移螺桿間之間距的一半。在三維等距間距之方法的案例中,其係基於螺桿元件在旋轉時彼此刮刷所沿之三維曲線外形,每一螺桿元件在其製程中於一垂直於完全刮刷輪廓之表面的方向中縮減大小達螺桿間之必要間距的一半。較佳係採用縱向等距間距及三維等距間距。特佳為採用三維等距間距。
螺桿元件之外半徑RE對心距A的比RE/A就依據本發明的雙螺紋螺桿來說較佳介於0.54和0.7之間且特佳介於0.58和0.63之間;就三螺紋螺桿來說較佳介於0.53和0.57之間且特佳介於0.54和0.56之間;就四螺紋螺桿來說較佳介於0.515和0.535之間。
依據本發明之螺桿元件可被設計成輸送元件、揉捏元件或混合元件。
如已知(例如見[1]之第227-248頁),輸送元件的特徵為一連續旋轉且以一螺旋之樣式在一軸向方向中延伸的螺桿輪廓。輸送元件可為右旋或左旋。輸送元件之螺距t、亦即螺桿輪廓完整旋轉所需之軸向長度較佳在心距之0.1倍至10倍的範圍內,且輸送元件之軸向長度較佳在螺桿直徑之0.1倍至10倍的範圍內。
如已知(例如見[1]之第227-248頁),揉捏元件的特徵為一以揉捏盤之樣式分段在一軸向方向中延伸的螺桿輪廓。揉捏盤得以一右旋、左旋或不輸送的方式設置。揉捏盤之軸向長度較佳在心距之0.05倍至10倍的範圍內。兩相鄰揉捏盤之間的軸向距離較佳在螺桿直徑之0.002倍至0.1倍的範圍內。
如已知(例如見[1]之第227-248頁),混合元件係藉由將輸送元件設計成在螺紋梢中具備開口的方式形成。混合元件得為右旋或左旋。其螺距較佳在心距之0.1倍至10倍的範圍內,且元件之軸向長度較佳在心距之0.1倍至10倍的範圍內。開口較佳被設計成u形或v形溝槽之樣式且較佳係以一往後輸送方式設置或平行於軸線設置。較佳提供多個開口,這些開口係設置為相對於彼此成一定角。
本發明亦關於依據本發明之螺桿元件在多螺桿擠製器中的使用。較佳來說,依據本發明之螺桿元件係被用在雙螺桿擠製器中。螺桿元件得以揉捏、混合或輸送元件的形式包容於多螺桿擠製器中。亦有可能在一個擠製器中組合揉捏、輸送及混合元件。依據本發明之螺桿元件亦可與其他螺桿元件例如習知技藝已知的螺桿元件組合。
本發明亦關於一種產生依據本發明之螺桿元件的方法。依據本發明之方法允許僅藉由使用一圓規和一角規來規劃出對應輪廓部分之幾何構造,因此其易於進行。最好其係藉由一電腦程式執行。
首先,固定待建構螺桿元件之定義參數Z、DE及A。然後將原生和衍生輪廓部分之旋轉點以彼此間有一距離A的方式插入。適當地選擇通往頂弧上之一點的線K1 使得其始於原生輪廓之旋轉點且依衍生輪廓之旋轉點的方向行進。從原生輪廓部分之旋轉點以一π/Z的角度往線K1 拉出線N1 。計算參數RE=DE/2及RK=A-RE。然後決定該輪廓部分之弧數n。弧數n較佳為6,然亦可較少或更多。
然後選擇頂錐角α並形成一具有0與α之間、較佳係α/2之一角度及一半徑RE的弧,其中心點為原生螺桿之中心點,該弧之一端被定位在線K1 上且該弧係依N1 之方向形成。經選擇作為根錐角的角係角β,其得與α相同但並非必定。為此目的,一代表根弧的弧β/2從線N1 依K1 之方向形成。
然後從頂弧跟著畫出正切弧2。此弧之角度和半徑得自由選擇,但此弧之半徑必須小於或等於心距。在選擇角度和半徑時,或許有可能無法在後續步驟中使輪廓部分封閉,因為一〝封閉輪廓〞或一〝凸形輪廓〞之需求未被滿足。倘若如此,必須減小角度或半徑且必須再試一次。該弧亦可有0半徑。
為建構一正切弧,必須從一既有弧之端點依原生螺桿輪廓之此既有弧之中心點的方向拉出一垂直線。此垂直線亦被稱為兩弧之間的〝邊界線〞。每一邊界線配屬一方向,其始於該弧之中心點並通往相關弧之端點。兩正切弧之中心點永遠位在此邊界線上。所需弧之中心點的取得方式為用一相當於該所需弧之半徑的半徑繞既有弧之端點畫出一圓。此圓與邊界線之間的交點即為所需中心點。
一半徑為0的弧係以與一半徑極小、特別是趨向0之弧相同的方式對待,使得切向過渡得以繼續建構。另一選擇,一半徑為0的弧得以一使螺桿輪廓在此弧之位置有一扭結的方式對待,該扭結的大小係由此弧之角度決定。
然後可形成一或多個附加正切弧3、4、...到n-4。弧n-3、n-2及n-1的半徑r(n-3)、r(n-2)及r(n-1)係固定的。若衍生螺桿輪廓被要求在其螺紋梢有一尖銳牙頂,弧n-1之半徑被選擇為A。然後以下述方式使輪廓封閉:繞弧n-3之中心點畫出一半徑為r(n-3)-r(n-2)的圓。繞弧n-1之中心點畫出一半徑為r(n-1)-r(n-2)的圓。在這些圓的二個交點當中,依N1和K1各自之方向位於二者之間的一個交點即為圓n-2的中心點。然後連接弧n-1之中心點到弧n-2之中心點而獲得弧n-1之邊界線,且依此類推獲得弧n-3和n-2的邊界線。然後利用弧n-3、n-2及n-1之間的對應邊界線畫出該等弧。
衍生螺桿之對應輪廓部分係依下述方式產生:使弧之中心點M1和M2到Mn全部依該衍生輪廓平行於原生輪廓之旋轉點與衍生輪廓之旋轉點之間之一線的方向偏移該心距,從而產生對應點M1’和M2’到Mn’。與點M1到Mn相交的邊界線最初亦依該衍生輪廓平行於原生輪廓之旋轉點與衍生輪廓之旋轉點之間之一線的方向偏移該心距。這些已偏移的邊界線在對應點M1’和M2’到Mn’彼此相交。若它們全都是依一反方向延伸通過相應的點M1’和M2’到Mn’且在始於相應的點M1’和M2’到Mn’之對應延長邊界線上標出一對應半徑r1’、r2’到rn’使得對於所有對應的弧i和i’來說半徑ri和ri’之和永遠等於該心距,會獲得弧1’、2’至n’的邊界線還有對應的弧本身。
可建議藉由一電腦來執行產生螺桿輪廓之方法。然後螺桿元件的尺寸係呈一可送到一用於製造螺桿元件之CNC(電腦數值控制)工具銑床的形式。因此本發明亦關於一種電腦程式產品,其具備用於在一電腦中執行依據本發明之方法以產生依據本發明之螺桿輪廓的程式碼。在一較佳實施例中,該電腦程式產品之使用者具有一供他/她運用的圖形使用者介面,他/她可在該圖形使用者介面的輔助下輸入待選擇參數(原生和衍生螺桿輪廓之弧數量、半徑及角度)。較佳來說他/她會得到來自電腦系統之指令輔助確認所選參數值是否會造出彼此刮刷之成對螺桿輪廓。在輸入參數時,他/她較佳會得到關於許可參數值範圍之指令的幫助。許可參數值應被理解為會造出成對之刮刷螺桿輪廓的參數值組合。
在一較佳實施例中,不僅止於輪廓,整個螺桿元件完全在電腦中虛擬地建構。建構結果較佳以構造圖之形式被送到一電腦螢幕或印表機。亦有可能此等結果係以一電子資料檔案的形式送出,在一較佳實施例中此檔案可被送到一CAD銑床以製造對應螺桿元件。
在已依上述方式產生輪廓之後,依據本發明之螺桿元件舉例來說可用一銑床、車床或回轉式機器製造。製造螺桿元件的較佳材料為鋼,特定言之為氮化鋼、鉻、工具鋼和不銹鋼,以及由粉末冶金術製得之鐵、鎳或鈷基金屬複合材料還有工程陶瓷材料譬如氧化鋯或碳化矽。
依據本發明之方法使得螺桿輪廓之設計有可能從一開始就以一最理想地適合於一指定任務的方式進行。從習知技藝知曉的螺桿元件在大多數情況中都不是針對一具體任務最理想地設計。相反地,製造商係從一與具體任務無關的既定模組化系統供應螺桿元件(輸送、揉捏及混合元件)。本發明係首度有可能幾乎完全自由地設計自清螺桿元件之輪廓。因此有可能針對相關應用優化此等輪廓之參數達到最細微之變異。就此而論,在此要特別表明用於產生螺桿輪廓之弧數量沒有限制。因此有可能用必要精度利用夠多個弧逼近不是由弧組成且因此不具備自清能力的螺桿輪廓。藉由弧逼近的輪廓當然是自清的。
亦有可能計算一(原生或衍生)螺桿輪廓之縱向輪廓。較佳來說一螺桿輪廓之每一弧均被用於藉由一顯函數計算隸屬於此弧的縱剖面部分。在一第一步驟中,決定一直線g與一弧kb間的交點(Sx,Sy)。直線g被定位在螺桿輪廓之平面中且其通過螺桿輪廓之旋轉點。該直線之方位係由角φ給出。
弧kb的特徵為其半徑r及其中心點位置(Mx,My)。在一第二步驟中,計算該交點(Sx,Sy)到螺桿輪廓旋轉點的距離s。一直線與一弧的交點可用一顯函數算出。這也適用於距離之計算。因此距離為s=s(φ,r,Mx,My)。給出一螺桿元件之已知螺距t,角φ可藉由φ/2π*t被轉換成一角位置z_ax,故距離為s=s(z_ax,r,Mx,My)=s(φ/2π*t,r,Mx,My)。函數s(z_ax,r,Mx,My)定義螺桿輪廓之一弧的縱向輪廓。
以下藉由圖式更詳細地例示本發明,但本發明不侷限於此。
圖1例示一原生螺桿輪廓和一衍生螺桿輪廓之兩對應弧之一實力的剖面示意圖。原生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點為DR且衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點為DL。在此圖中,弧1係一原生弧且弧1’係一衍生弧。弧1具有一中心點M1、一半徑r1及一角α1。弧1’具有一中心點M1’=M2、一半徑r1’及一角α1’,依據本發明該角α1’與α1相同。依據本發明,半徑r1與半徑r1’的和等於心距A。弧1之中心點M1與其端點之間的連接虛線形成弧1之邊界線。該等邊界線平行於對應弧1’之邊界線,亦即平行於在弧1’之中心點M1’與其端點之間的虛線樣式之連接線。
弧1之端點相關於弧1之中心點M1的方向在任何情況皆與對應弧1’之端點相關於弧1’之中心點的方向相反。
弧1之中心點M1與對應弧1’之中心點M1’之間的距離等於心距。
弧1之中心點M1與對應弧1’之中心點M1’之間的連接線平行於旋轉點DR與旋轉點DL之間的連接線。
弧1之中心點M1必須被偏移以便與對應弧1’之中心點M1’重合的方向係與旋轉點DR必須被偏移以便與旋轉點DL重合的方向相同。
圖2示出依據習知技藝之雙螺紋螺桿元件的輪廓。心距為48mm,螺桿輪廓之外徑為58mm,內徑為38mm且頂錐角為KW0,以弳度計該頂錐角為0.3788(=21.7°)。所有頂錐角之總和SKW0以弳度計為1.5152。
圖3a和3b以舉例方式示出依據本發明之雙螺紋螺桿元件的原生螺桿輪廓之一輪廓部分X及衍生螺桿輪廓之一對應輪廓部分Y的剖面示意圖。輪廓部分X係由弧1、2、3、4、5、及6形成。輪廓部分Y係由對應於輪廓部分X之各弧的弧1’、2’、3’、4’、5’、及6’形成。這些弧由各自的中心點M1、M2、...M6和M1’、M2’、...M6’以及各自的角度和半徑明確地定義(見圖3a)。
在本實例中,心距為48mm,螺桿輪廓之外徑為58mm且內徑為38mm。弧1是原生輪廓部分之頂弧且弧6是根弧。弧2的半徑為0,亦即原生輪廓在其頂弧有一扭結。
在圖3b中已去除弧及中心點之標示以便提供更清楚的圖面。輪廓部分X和Y與圖3a中顯示的輪廓部分完全相同。
螺桿元件之二個原生和衍生螺桿輪廓的整體輪廓可從位於相鄰線K1和N1之間的輪廓部分X獲得(舉例來說見圖4及該圖之說明)。對於旋轉點之間的連接線來說,線K1是水平線且線N1是垂直線。
下表1係關於一原點位在原生螺桿之旋轉點的坐標系統,其x軸係依衍生螺桿之旋轉點之方向定位且其y軸係垂直於該x軸定位(亦即圖中往上方向),該表列出圖3a和3b所示之弧的弧半徑、弧中心點之x和y坐標、弧之起始角度、弧之結束角度以及弧之角度。弧之起始角度為該弧在數學正向中具有較小值之邊界線的角度。就起始角度大於零且結束角度小於零的弧來說,結束角度要加上2*π。
表1: 圖3a和3b所示依據本發明之螺桿元件之輪廓部分X和Y的幾何量度。
圖4示出依據本發明之螺桿元件的剖面示意圖,其具備從圖3a或3b藉由點對稱法持續複製圖3a或3b所示輪廓部分而獲得之一點對稱螺桿輪廓。所有頂錐角皆相同且等於0.17454(10°)。一個頂錐角KW被示出以為實例。所有頂錐角的總和SKW為0.698,亦即小於習知元件之頂錐角總和之一半。此係大幅優於習知技藝的優點。此螺桿輪廓亦具有下述優點:在螺桿係以順時鐘方向旋轉時,推螺腹對筒體形成之角度遠大於拉螺腹,這在局部充填的情況中會再次造成一低很多的能量輸入。旋轉方向亦有可能被倒轉,藉此在螺紋梢產生增多的延伸流作用。
圖5示出具備鏡射對稱和點對稱螺桿輪廓之依據本發明螺桿元件的剖面示意圖。在此實例中,心距為48mm,螺桿輪廓之外徑為58mm,內徑為38mm,且每一頂錐角為0.175(10°)。一個頂錐角KW被示出以為實例。所有頂錐角的總和SKW為0.69813,亦即小於習知元件之頂錐角總和之一半。其優點在於能量之消散度較低。
圖6示出依據習知技藝已知之雙螺紋螺桿元件之輪廓的剖面示意圖。心距為48mm,螺桿輪廓之外徑為56mm,內徑為40mm,且每一頂錐角為0.4886。兩元件之所有頂錐角的總和SKW0為1.954。若以此螺桿輪廓與圖2所示作比較,可清楚看出習知技藝之頂錐角對於依據式1之心距對直徑之比的不利相依性。
圖7a和7b示出依據本發明之螺桿元件之二個對應的(原生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分X及(衍生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分Y。輪廓部分X係由弧1、2、3、4、5、及6形成。輪廓部分Y係由對應弧1’、2’、3’、4’、5’、及6’形成。該等弧之中心點用小圓圈表示。該等弧之邊界線以細線繪出。在本實例中,心距為48mm,螺桿輪廓之外徑為56mm且內徑為40mm。弧1是原生輪廓部分的頂弧且弧6是根弧。緊跟在頂弧之後的弧2具有大於0的半徑,亦即該輪廓在此點沒有峰點,與圖3a和3b所示輪廓相反。鄰接於頂錐角6’的弧5’的半徑為0,亦即衍生輪廓在其頂弧有一扭結。弧5’之中心點與此扭結重合。〝此扭結之大小〞係由對應角度決定,亦即從弧4’到弧6’的過渡係藉由約為弧5’之角度的旋轉獲得。或者,換句話說,一在弧5’中心點處之弧4’切線相交於一同樣在弧5’中心點處且在一相當於弧5’之角度的角度的弧6’切線。由於包含弧5’,依據本發明所有相鄰弧4’→5’、5’→6’都會彼此切向地合併。
圖7b所示輪廓部分X和Y與圖7a所示輪廓部分相同。在圖7b中已刪除弧、中心點及邊界線的標示以便提供更清楚的圖面。取而代之係示出線K1 和N1 。相對於一通過旋轉中心的連接線,線K1 為水平且線N1 為垂直。螺桿元件之原生和衍生螺桿輪廓的整體輪廓可從位於相鄰線K1和N1之間的輪廓部分X獲得(舉例來說見圖8及其說明)。圖7c示出圖7a之所有弧的中心點x和y坐標(Mx和My)、半徑R及角度α。該等角度係以弳度計,所有其他幾何數值係經相對於心距歸一化且因此是無因次的。
下表2係關於一原點位在原生螺桿之旋轉點的坐標系統,其x軸係依衍生螺桿之旋轉點之方向定位且其y軸係垂直於該x軸定位(亦即圖中往上方向),該表列出圖7a和7b所示之弧的弧半徑、弧中心點之x和y坐標、弧之起始角度、弧之結束角度以及弧之角度。
表2: 圖7a和7b所示依據本發明之螺桿元件之輪廓部分X和Y的幾何量度。
圖8示出依據本發明之螺桿元件的剖面示意圖,其具備藉由點對稱法持續複製圖7獲得之一點對稱螺桿輪廓。在此實例中所有頂錐角皆為0.14。一個頂錐角KW被示出以為實例。所有頂錐角的總和SKW為0.56。利用此一螺桿輪廓,有可能將頂錐角縮減成大約3.5分之一,從而產生一大幅減小的能量輸入。此外,在以逆時鐘方向轉動螺桿的情況,推螺腹之牙頂經修圓,從而就磨損觀點來說產生優點。
圖9a和9b示出依據本發明之螺桿元件之二個對應的(原生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分X及(衍生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分Y。輪廓部分X係由弧1、2及3形成。輪廓部分Y係由對應弧1’、2’及3’形成。該等弧之中心點用小圓圈表示。該等弧之邊界線以細線繪出。在本實例中,心距A為48mm,螺桿輪廓之直徑為52mm且螺紋數Z為3。
圖9b所示輪廓部分X和Y與圖9a所示輪廓部分相同。在圖9b中已刪除弧、中心點及邊界線的標示以便提供更清楚的圖面。取而代之係示出線K1 和N1 、角平分線W-K1 N1 及垂直於該角平分線的直線FP。直線FP在弧3之一端點碰觸弧3且在此端點形成弧3之一切線。利用輪廓部分X,可建構出一對稱三螺紋螺桿元件之一較佳實施例的完整輪廓(見圖10及其說明)。
圖9c示出圖9a之所有弧的中心點x和y坐標(Mx和My)、半徑R及角度α。該等角度係以弳度計,所有其他幾何數值係經相對於心距歸一化且因此是無因次的。
下表3係關於一原點位在原生螺桿之旋轉點的坐標系統,其x軸係依衍生螺桿之旋轉點之方向定位且其y軸係垂直於該x軸定位(亦即圖中往上方向),該表列出圖9a和9b所示之弧的弧半徑、弧中心點之x和y坐標、弧之起始角度、弧之結束角度以及弧之角度。
表3 :圖9a和9b所示依據本發明之螺桿元件之輪廓部分X和Y的幾何量度。
圖10示出具備鏡射對稱和點對稱螺桿輪廓之依據本發明螺桿元件的剖面示意圖,此輪廓係藉由鏡射對稱法持續複製圖9a或9b中之輪廓獲得。所有頂錐角為0.1048(6°),而習知螺桿元件之頂錐角KW0為0.2576。
圖11a以舉例方式示出依據本發明之點對稱和鏡射對稱螺桿元件的二個對應的(原生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分X1及(衍生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分Y1。輪廓部分X1係由弧1和2形成。輪廓部分Y1係由對應弧1’和2’形成。弧2和3碰觸直線FP。此圖亦示出該等弧以弳度計的角度以及該等弧之中心點在一坐標系統中的坐標,該坐標系統的原點位在左側輪廓之旋轉點。外半徑對心距的比為0.6042。
圖11b顯示圖11a之輪廓可如何藉由以兩螺桿輪廓之旋轉點之間一垂直直線為中心鏡射然後繞衍生輪廓之旋轉中心旋轉π/Z的方式持續複製。利用此方法會獲得輪廓部分X2和Y2。弧之標示與圖11a對應。
圖11c示出藉由旋轉及鏡射來複製圖11b之輪廓而獲得的原生和衍生螺桿輪廓。依此方式獲得的螺桿輪廓具有0.2795之頂錐角。按照外半徑對心距之此比例,一依據習知技藝之螺桿元件會具有0.379的頂錐角KW0。所有頂錐角之總和SKW據此為1.117,而依據習知技藝之所有頂錐角的總和是1.515。此圖中之整體輪廓係由總計12個弧組成,亦即Z=2之輪廓的最小弧數。
圖12a示出點對稱和鏡射對稱螺桿元件之二個對應輪廓部分X1(原生螺廓)及Y1(衍生輪廓)。輪廓部分X1係由弧1、2和3界定。輪廓部分Y1係由對應的弧1’、2’和3’界定。旋轉點之間的距離被歸一化為1。弧3碰觸線FP。在表4中列出該等弧之半徑、角度及起始以及該等弧之中心點。
表4:如圖12a、12b及12c所示依據本發明之螺桿元件之輪廓部分X和Y的幾何量度。
圖12b示出完全刮刷輪廓,其由圖12a輪廓部分經鏡射及旋轉造成。一輪廓之頂錐角KW為0.1598。兩輪廓之頂錐角之總和SKW為0.3196。一屬當今技藝的輪廓會有一0.399的頂錐角KW0且兩對應輪廓之頂錐角的總和SKW0為0.799。
圖12c示出二個輪廓,其係從圖12b所示輪廓利用三維等距間距之方法構成。筒體直徑為0.61,且筒體與螺桿間之間距δ及螺桿與螺桿zwischen Schnecke間之間距s為0.02。斜率為1.2。該等輪廓之一者的頂錐角為KWA=0.208。兩輪廓之頂錐角的總和SKWA為0.319。
圖12d示出當今技藝的輪廓,具有相同間距及一依據圖12c所示輪廓之相同斜率。一輪廓具有一0.329之頂錐角KWA0;兩輪廓之頂錐角的總和為0.658。
圖1例示一原生螺桿輪廓和一衍生螺桿輪廓之兩對應弧之一實力的剖面示意圖。
圖2示出依據習知技藝之雙螺紋螺桿元件的輪廓。
圖3a和3b以舉例方式示出依據本發明之雙螺紋螺桿元件的原生螺桿輪廓之一輪廓部分X及衍生螺桿輪廓之一對應輪廓部分Y的剖面示意圖。
圖4示出依據本發明之螺桿元件的剖面示意圖,其具備從圖3a或3b藉由點對稱法持續複製圖3a或3b所示輪廓部分而獲得之一點對稱螺桿輪廓。
圖5示出具備鏡射對稱和點對稱螺桿輪廓之依據本發明螺桿元件的剖面示意圖。
圖6示出依據習知技藝已知之雙螺紋螺桿元件之輪廓的剖面示意圖。
圖7a和7b示出依據本發明之螺桿元件之二個對應的(原生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分X及(衍生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分Y。圖7c示出圖7a之所有弧的中心點x和y坐標(Mx和My)、半徑R及角度α。
圖8示出依據本發明之螺桿元件的剖面示意圖,其具備藉由點對稱法持續複製圖7獲得之一點對稱螺桿輪廓。
圖9a和9b示出依據本發明之螺桿元件之二個對應的(原生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分X及(衍生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分Y。
圖9c示出圖9a之所有弧的中心點x和y坐標(Mx和My)、半徑R及角度α。
圖10示出具備鏡射對稱和點對稱螺桿輪廓之依據本發明螺桿元件的剖面示意圖。
圖11a以舉例方式示出依據本發明之點對稱和鏡射對稱螺桿元件的二個對應的(原生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分X1及(衍生螺桿輪廓)輪廓部分Y1。
圖11b顯示圖11a之輪廓可如何藉由以兩螺桿輪廓之旋轉點之間一垂直直線為中心鏡射然後繞衍生輪廓之旋轉中心旋轉π/Z的方式持續複製。
圖11c示出藉由旋轉及鏡射來複製圖11b之輪廓而獲得的原生和衍生螺桿輪廓。
圖12a示出點對稱和鏡射對稱螺桿元件之二個對應輪廓部分X1(原生螺廓)及Y1(衍生輪廓)。
圖12b示出完全刮刷輪廓,其由圖12a輪廓部分經鏡射及旋轉造成。
圖12c示出二個輪廓,其係從圖12b所示輪廓利用三維等距間距之方法構成。
圖12d示出當今技藝的輪廓,具有相同間距及一依據圖12c所示輪廓之相同斜率。

Claims (13)

  1. 一種用於具備成對共同旋轉完全刮刷螺桿及二或更多螺紋Z之多螺桿擠製器的螺桿元件,其具備一心距A及一外徑DE,其特徵為一對元件之頂錐角的總和係大於0且小於
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之螺桿元件,其特徵為原生和衍生螺桿輪廓之輪廓每一者由6*Z或更多個弧組成,該等弧之半徑大於或等於0且小於或等於A,其中該等弧在它們的端點彼此切向地合併。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之螺桿元件,其中該衍生和原生螺桿輪廓之每一對被稱為對應的弧的特徵為:對應弧的角係大小相同;對應弧之半徑的總和等於該心距;該原生螺桿輪廓之一弧之中心點與其端點之間的連接線之每一者平行於該衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點與其端點之間的連接線之一者;該原生螺桿輪廓之一弧之端點相對於該弧之中心點的方向在任何情況中皆相反於該衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之端點相對於該衍生螺桿輪廓之該弧之中心點的方向;該原生螺桿輪廓之弧之中心點與該衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點之間的距離等於該心距;該原生螺桿輪廓之弧之中心點與該衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點之間的連接線平行於該原生螺桿輪廓之旋 轉點與該衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點之間的連接線;該原生螺桿輪廓之弧之中心點必須被偏移以便與該衍生螺桿輪廓之對應弧之中心點重合的方向係與該原生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點必須被偏移以便與該衍生螺桿輪廓之旋轉點重合的方向相同。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其特徵為一輪廓之至少一頂弧之後跟著一半徑為0的弧。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其特徵為一輪廓之至少一頂弧之後跟著一半徑係大於0且小於螺桿直徑之0.1倍的弧。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其特徵為在螺桿之旋轉期間頂弧和根弧環繞一輪廓彼此交替。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其特徵為該等螺桿元件具有與螺紋數量相當的對稱軸數量。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其特徵為該等螺桿元件是點對稱且非鏡射對稱的。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其被設計成輸送元件。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其被設計成揉捏元件。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件,其被設計成混合元件。
  12. 一種依據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件在多螺桿擠製器中的使用。
  13. 一種製造依據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之螺桿元件用於具備成對共同旋轉完全刮刷螺桿之多螺桿擠製器的方法,其特徵為在任何情況中用6*Z或更多個半徑大於或等於零且小於或等於A的弧並列而形成原生和衍生螺桿輪廓,其中該等弧在它們的端點彼此切向地合併且該對元件之頂錐角的總和小於
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