TWI485238B - 用以產生原料氣體之氣化反應器 - Google Patents

用以產生原料氣體之氣化反應器 Download PDF

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TWI485238B
TWI485238B TW099124474A TW99124474A TWI485238B TW I485238 B TWI485238 B TW I485238B TW 099124474 A TW099124474 A TW 099124474A TW 99124474 A TW99124474 A TW 99124474A TW I485238 B TWI485238 B TW I485238B
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slag
funnel
pool
gasification reactor
slag collecting
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TW201109431A (en
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Eberhard Kuske
Johannes Dostal
Reinald Schulze Eckel
Lothar Semrau
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Uhde Gmbh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C10J3/845—Quench rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Description

用以產生原料氣體之氣化反應器
本發明係一種如申請專利範圍第1項所載用於製造含CO或H2 之原料氣體的氣化反應器。
例如本發明之專利申請人在WO2009/036985 A1即揭示此類的氣化反應器，另外在許多其他專利中也揭示與此類氣化反應器有關的技術，例如US 4 474 584，尤其是如何將高溫的合成氣體冷卻的技術。
本發明致力於解決此類反應器出現的問題，本發明之應用範圍並不限於此處提及之特定的氣化反應器，而是亦可應用於可能出現將在以下描述之類似問題的器具。
此類器具必須適於用來執行將分佈得很均勻之燃料進行高壓氣化/燃燒的方法，為此需要將反應器內的煤灰、分佈均勻之生質燃料、油、焦油等燃料部分氧化。另外也需要個別或一起將爐渣或飛灰及製造出的合成氣體/原料氣體排出。此外還必須能夠冷卻反應產物(氣體及爐渣/飛灰)，例如視所使用的製造方法採用噴淋驟冷、吹氣驟冷、輻射驟冷、對流加熱面等冷卻方式，最後還必須考慮從壓力容器中將反應產物束流引出的方式。
在前面提及之WO2009/036985 A1提出一種能夠將較大的微粒冷卻的措施，以及感應生成環流，以避免產生沉積物。
本發明的目的是提出一種合乎經濟要求的爐渣槽設計，同時其工作原理要能夠被複製。
為達到上述目的，本發明的作法是在本文開頭提及的氣化反應器的爐渣池/水池內設置一個漏斗狀的爐渣收集槽，這個爐渣收集槽在爐渣的掉落方向具有一作為分離錐形區的第二個漏斗狀構件，這個構件的漏斗壁構成一個環繞爐渣收集槽的環狀間隙，且其自由的邊框邊緣位於爐渣收集槽之自由的邊框邊緣的上方。
由於氣體/爐渣/冷卻水的混合物會從上方一直流入漏斗狀的爐渣收集槽，因此透過本發明之部分具有雙重壁的漏斗區會產生一道從漏斗狀構件流入周圍之水池的溢流。
由於內圓錐區的自由的邊框邊緣突出於漏斗壁，因此當較大的爐渣微粒掉落到水面上產生紊流時，並不會使帶著太大的爐渣微粒的冷卻水向外流入周圍的水池。
根據本發明之一實施例，驟冷室所圍繞圓筒的直徑小於構成分離錐形區之漏斗狀構件的直徑。
這樣就可以確保前面提及之向下掉落的氣體/爐渣/冷卻水的混合物會被導引到內漏斗狀構件，其中在將驟冷室所圍繞的圓筒的邊框邊緣及漏斗狀構件內之液面之間的自由空間內的氣體能夠流入周圍的環形空間。
根據本發明，由於錐形爐渣收集槽及分離錐形區構成的環狀間隙的尺寸的關係，只有小於預先規定之最大尺寸的微粒能夠經由爐渣收集槽內的溢流邊溢流到位於較低高 程之水池內。
以下配合圖式及實施例對本發明的細節、特徵及優點做進一步的說明。
第1圖中的氣化反應器(1)具有一個壓力容器(2)，壓力容器(2)內有一個與壓力容器(2)之內壁間隔一段距離的由上往下設置，並被隔膜(3)圍繞的反應空間(4)。冷卻劑輸入管(5)會對隔膜(3)施加負荷。隔膜(3)經由一下方錐形區(6)轉變成一變窄的通道，該通道構成過渡區(8)的一部分，其中在變窄的過渡通道(7)內設有渦流式制動裝置(9)。在供液態灰分流動之過渡區(8)內之過渡通道(7)的尾端設有一與第一滴落邊(10)相距一段距離的滴落邊(10a)。
過渡區(8)連接一個驟冷空間或驟冷通道(11)，之後是一置於水池(13)中的爐渣收集槽(12)。
從第2圖可以看出，在本實施方式中，漏斗狀的爐渣收集槽(12)係位於水池(13)內，且爐渣收集槽(12)之自由的邊框邊緣(14)突出於水池(13)內的液面。
為了構成一個分離錐形區，在漏斗狀的爐渣收集槽(12)內設有另外一個漏斗狀構件(15)，其頂部的邊框邊緣(16)突出於漏斗狀的爐渣收集槽(12)。
在漏斗狀構件(15)及爐渣收集槽(12)的內壁之間會形成一道環繞的環形間隙(17)。如第2圖中的箭頭(18)所示，當反應器1運轉時，來自驟冷室11的氣體/爐渣/冷卻水的混合物會向下流動，此時冷卻水會通過環狀間隙(17)向上 移動，從經由邊框邊緣(14)流入水池(13)。
由於幾何尺寸的關係，說得更確切就是由於環狀間隙17的寬度的關係，因此能夠被帶著一起通過環狀間隙的微粒尺寸會受到限制，也就是說只有尺寸不超過一上限值的固體物質能夠通過環狀間隙到達水池，以免對幫浦或其他輸送工具造成不必要的負擔或使其受損。
當較大的爐渣塊掉落使液面受到擾動時，由於漏斗狀構件(15)的邊框邊緣(16)突出於爐渣收集槽(12)的液面，因此能夠阻止較大的微粒經由邊框邊緣(16)到達爐渣池/水池(13)。
元件符號(19)代表繞驟冷室(11)的下降邊(20)流動的氣。箭頭(21)代表冷卻的爐渣的流出位置。
當然以上描述的實施方式仍有許多可能的變化方式，但都不會離開本發明的基本構想，尤其是本發明之帶有漏斗狀構件的爐渣收集槽的幾何形狀是不受限制的，例如其斷面形狀也可以是圓形、矩形或其他可能的形狀。
1‧‧‧氣化反應器
2‧‧‧壓力容器
3‧‧‧隔膜
4‧‧‧反應器室
5‧‧‧冷卻劑輸入管
6‧‧‧錐形區
7‧‧‧過渡通道
8‧‧‧過渡區
9‧‧‧渦流制動裝置
10，10a‧‧‧(爐渣)滴落邊
11‧‧‧驟冷室
12‧‧‧爐渣收集槽
13‧‧‧爐渣池/水池
14，16‧‧‧邊框邊緣
15‧‧‧漏斗狀構件
17‧‧‧環狀間隙
18‧‧‧箭頭
19‧‧‧氣流
20‧‧‧下降邊
21‧‧‧箭頭
第1圖：本發明之氣化反應器的原理示意圖。
第2圖：具有爐渣池/水波之氣化反應器的底部放大圖。
2‧‧‧壓力容器
12‧‧‧爐渣收集槽
13‧‧‧爐渣池/水池
14，16‧‧‧邊框邊緣
15‧‧‧漏斗狀構件
17‧‧‧環狀間隙
18‧‧‧箭頭
19‧‧‧氣流
20‧‧‧下降邊
21‧‧‧箭頭

Claims (3)

  1. 一種製造含CO或H2 之原料氣體的氣化反應器，其製造方法是以高於灰分之熔化溫度利用含氧氣體將含灰分的燃料氣化，其中在一壓力容器內有一由可讓冷卻劑透過之隔膜形成的反應室，其後連接一過渡區及一驟冷室，同時沿著重力方向還連接一爐渣池/水池，這種氣化反應器的特徵為：該爐渣池/水池(13)內設有一漏斗狀的爐渣收集槽(12)，該爐渣收集槽(12)在爐渣的掉落方向(箭頭18)具有一作為分離錐形區的第二個漏斗狀構件(15)，該構件的漏斗壁構成環繞該爐渣收集槽(12)的環狀間隙(17)，且其自由的邊框邊緣(16)位於該爐渣收集槽(12)之自由的邊框邊緣(14)的上方。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的氣化反應器，其中將該驟冷室(11)圍繞住的圓筒的直徑小於構成該分離錐形區之該第二個漏斗狀構件(15)的直徑。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項的氣化反應器，其中由於錐形爐渣收集槽(12)及構成該分離錐形區的該第二個漏斗狀構件所構成之該環狀間隙(17)的尺寸的關係，只有小於預先規定之最大尺寸的微粒能夠經由該爐渣收集槽(12)內的該自由的邊框邊緣(14)溢流到位於高度較低的該水池(13)內。
TW099124474A 2009-07-28 2010-07-26 用以產生原料氣體之氣化反應器 TWI485238B (zh)

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US8721748B1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2014-05-13 PHG Energy, LLC Device with dilated oxidation zone for gasifying feedstock
US11242494B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2022-02-08 Aries Clean Technologies Llc System and process for continuous production of contaminate free, size specific biochar following gasification
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TW201109431A (en) 2011-03-16
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CN102471712A (zh) 2012-05-23
BR112012001720A2 (pt) 2016-04-12
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EP2459685B1 (de) 2015-09-02
PL2459685T3 (pl) 2016-01-29
UA103406C2 (ru) 2013-10-10
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US9096808B2 (en) 2015-08-04
CA2767849C (en) 2017-11-28
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HK1169138A1 (zh) 2013-01-18
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