CN102471712B - 用于制造原气体的气化反应器 - Google Patents

用于制造原气体的气化反应器 Download PDF

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CN102471712B
CN102471712B CN201080032292.7A CN201080032292A CN102471712B CN 102471712 B CN102471712 B CN 102471712B CN 201080032292 A CN201080032292 A CN 201080032292A CN 102471712 B CN102471712 B CN 102471712B
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E·库斯克
J·多斯塔尔
R·舒尔泽艾克尔
L·泽姆劳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造含CO或H2的原气体的气化反应器，通过在高于灰的熔点的温度下利用含氧的气体使含灰的燃料气化来进行制造，其中在一压力容器的内部设有由冷却剂流过的隔膜壁形成的反应室，后面设有过渡区以及骤冷室，并具有沿重力方向处于下游的残渣池/水池，在该反应器中应提供一种解决方案，利用该解决方案特别是使残渣容器具有经济上有利的设计，同时扩展其工作原理。这是这样实现的：残渣池/水池(13)内设有漏斗状的残渣收集容器(12)，所述残渣收集容器在残渣的落入方向(箭头18)上装备有作为分离锥部的漏斗状的第二嵌件(15)，该第二嵌件的漏斗壁朝残渣收集容器(12)构成环绕的环形间隙(17)，且第二嵌件的自由的边缘棱边(16)定位在残渣收集容器(12)的自由的边缘棱边(14)的上方。

Description

用于制造原气体的气化反应器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造含CO或H2的原气体的气化反应器。
背景技术
例如由本申请人的WO2009/036985A1已知这种的气化反应器，其中在该文件中还提及了大量其他的现有技术，例如US4474584，该文件特别是涉及对高温合成气体的冷却。
本发明特别是致力于解决在这种反应器中出现的问题，本发明并不仅专门限于这里所述气化反应器，本发明还涉及这样的设备，在所述设备中可能出现类似的在下面详细说明的问题。
这种设备必须适于用来实现对精细分布的燃料进行高压气化/燃烧的方法，其中包括在反应器内燃料、煤尘、精细分布的生物物质、油、焦油等的部分氧化。其中还包括分开或共同地提取残渣或飞灰和所制造的合成气体或原气体。必须能够冷却反应产物（气体和残渣/飞灰），例如根据所使用的方法的类型通过喷淋骤冷、吹气骤冷、辐射骤冷、对流加热面等进行冷却，最后还必须注意反应产物从压力容器中的引出。
在前面提及的相关类型的WO2009/036985A1中已经记载了一种也能冷却粗大的颗粒并生产环绕流动以避免沉积的措施。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，特别是使残渣容器具有经济上有利的设计，同时扩展其工作原理。
根据本发明在开头所述类型的气化器中这样来实现所述目的，即，残渣池/水池内设有漏斗状的残渣收集容器，所述残渣收集容器在残渣的落入方向上装备有作为分离锥部的漏斗状的第二嵌件，该嵌件的漏斗壁朝残渣收集容器构成环绕的环形间隙，且其自由的边缘棱边定位在残渣收集容器的自由边缘棱边的上方。
由于气体/残渣/冷却水的混合物从上方持续流入漏斗状的残渣收集容器，因此通过漏斗区的根据本发明的部分的双层壁结构产生从漏斗状的嵌件进入周围的水池的溢流。
由于内锥部的自由的边缘棱边突出于漏斗壁，附加地实现了，当出现较大的残渣颗粒时掉水面可能出现的紊流不会导致这样的情况，即此时带有过大的残渣颗粒的冷却水向外被带入周围的水池。
根据本发明在一个实施形式中设定，围绕骤冷室的圆柱体的直径小于构成分离锥部的漏斗状嵌件的直径。
由此确保了，将前面所述的落入的气体/残渣/冷却水的混合物可靠地导入内部的漏斗状嵌件中，其中在围绕骤冷室的圆柱体的边缘棱边和漏斗状的嵌件中的液面之间的自由空间内的气体能够流入周围的自由环形空间。
本发明设定，通过锥形的残渣收集容器和分离锥部构成的环形间隙的尺寸这样设计，使得只有（小于）预先规定的最大尺寸的颗粒能够经由残渣收集容器内的溢流边缘溢流到位于较低水平的水池内。
附图说明
本发明其他的细节、特征及优点根据下面的说明以及结合附图得出。其中
图1示出按本发明的气化反应器的原理剖视图，以及
图2示出具有残渣/水池的气化反应器的下部的示意性放大视图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的、总体用1表示的气化反应器具有压力容器2，该压力容器中与压力容器2隔开距离地从上向下设置由隔膜壁3围绕的反应室4。对隔膜壁3加载的冷却剂输入管用5表示。隔膜壁3经由一下方的锥形部6过渡到一个变窄的通道，该通道是用8表示的过渡区的一部分，其中在变窄的过渡通道7内示出涡流制动装置9。用10a表示过渡区8中的滴落边缘，所述滴落边缘用于过渡区8内的液态灰，并与过渡通道7的第一滴落边缘10隔开距离。
在过渡区8上连接骤冷室或骤冷通道11，其后是在一水池13中的残渣收集容器12。
如图2所示，在这里所述的实施方式中，漏斗状的残渣收集容器12位于水池13内，残渣收集容器12的自由的边缘棱边14突出于水池13中的液面。
为了构成一个分离锥部，在漏斗状的残渣收集容器12内同心地定位另一个漏斗状嵌件15，该嵌件自由的上部边缘棱边16也突出于漏斗状的残渣收集容器12。
在漏斗状嵌件15和残渣收集容器12的壁之间形成环绕的环形间隙17。如图2中用箭头18所示，当反应器1运转时，气体/残渣/冷却水的混合物从骤冷室11持续地向下流动，因此，冷却水通过环形间隙17向上运动，并经由边缘棱边14流入水池13。
由于几何尺寸的关系，就是说特别是由于环形间隙17的宽度的构型，因此被携带通过环形间隙的颗粒尺寸是受到限制的，使得只有具有一定上限的尺寸的固体能够通过环形间隙进入水池，以免对泵或其它输送装置造成不必要的负载或使其受损。
由于漏斗状嵌件15的边缘棱边16在残渣收集容器12的液面以上，这种结构防止当出现较大的残渣块并由此使液面受到扰动时较大的微粒会经由边缘棱边16到达残渣池/水池13。
用附图标记19表示绕骤冷室11的端部棱边20的气体流。箭头21示意性地表示经冷却的残渣的流出。
当然本发明的所述实施例仍可以在很多方面加以改变，而不偏离本发明的基本构思，例如本发明特别是不仅限于带有漏斗状嵌件的残渣收集容器的几何形状，这里也可以设置圆形的横截面形状，多边形的横截面形状，等等类似措施。

Claims (3)

1.用于制造含CO或H2的原气体的气化反应器，通过在高于灰的熔点的温度下利用含氧的气体使含灰的燃料气化来进行制造，其中在一压力容器的内部设有由冷却剂流过的隔膜壁形成的反应室，后面设有过渡区以及骤冷室，并具有沿重力方向处于下游的残渣池/水池，其特征在于：残渣池/水池（13）内设有漏斗状的残渣收集容器（12），所述残渣收集容器在残渣的落入方向（箭头18）上装备有作为分离锥部的漏斗状的第二嵌件（15），该第二嵌件的漏斗壁朝残渣收集容器（12）构成环绕的环形间隙（17），且第二嵌件的自由的边缘棱边（16）定位在残渣收集容器（12）的自由的边缘棱边（14）的上方。
2.如权利要求1所述的气化反应器，其特征在于，围绕骤冷室（11）的圆柱体的直径小于构成分离锥部的漏斗状的第二嵌件（15）的直径。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的气化反应器，其特征在于，通过锥形残渣收集容器（12）和第二嵌件（15）构成的环形间隙（17）的尺寸设计成，使得只有具有比预先规定的最大尺寸小的尺寸的微粒能够经由残渣收集容器（12）的边缘棱边（14）溢流到位于较低水平的水池（13）内。
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US11242494B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2022-02-08 Aries Clean Technologies Llc System and process for continuous production of contaminate free, size specific biochar following gasification
CA2914002A1 (en) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-18 Gas Technology Institute Entrained-flow gasifier and method for removing molten slag
CN106590760A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2017-04-26 北京清创晋华科技有限公司 一种恒定液位带废锅气化炉
JP2022510663A (ja) * 2018-11-28 2022-01-27 ケービーアイ インヴェスト ＆ マネジメント エージー 原料をガス化・溶融するためのリアクターとプロセス

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