TWI483572B - 用於執行天線傳送分集之系統及方法 - Google Patents

用於執行天線傳送分集之系統及方法 Download PDF

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TWI483572B
TWI483572B TW101143780A TW101143780A TWI483572B TW I483572 B TWI483572 B TW I483572B TW 101143780 A TW101143780 A TW 101143780A TW 101143780 A TW101143780 A TW 101143780A TW I483572 B TWI483572 B TW I483572B
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antenna
circuit
switching circuit
wireless
coupled
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TW101143780A
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TW201330530A (zh
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Qishan Yu
James T Yang
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Apple Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40Circuits
    • H04B1/44Transmit/receive switching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0602Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching

Description

用於執行天線傳送分集之系統及方法
本發明大體上係關於電子裝置,且更特定言之,係關於具有兩個或兩個以上天線之無線電子裝置。
本申請案主張2012年9月28日申請之美國專利申請案第13/631,290號及2011年12月8日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/568,608號的優先權,該等專利申請案之全文係以引用之方式併入本文中。
諸如手持型電子裝置及其他攜帶型電子裝置之電子裝置正變得日益風行。手持型裝置之實例包括蜂巢式電話、手持型電腦、媒體播放器,及包括此類型之多個裝置之功能性的混合式裝置。稍微大於傳統手持型電子裝置之風行攜帶型電子裝置包括膝上型電腦及平板電腦。
部分地歸因於攜帶型電子裝置之行動性質,攜帶型電子裝置常常具備無線通信能力。舉例而言,攜帶型電子裝置可使用遠程無線通信以與無線基地台通信且可使用近程無線通信鏈路,諸如,用於支援在2.4GHz及5.0GHz下之Wi-Fi®(IEEE 802.11)頻帶及在2.4GHz下之Bluetooth®頻帶的鏈路。
無線電子裝置可執行天線傳送分集以選擇最佳天線以在傳送射頻信號時進行使用。在習知無線電子裝置中,傳送路徑及接收路徑係經由使經傳送信號與經接收信號隔離之雙工電路而耦接在一起。因為傳送路徑及接收路徑耦接在 一起,所以無線電子裝置之操作可低效。舉例而言,當執行天線傳送分集時,接收路徑必須連同傳送路徑一起被切換。
因此,將需要能夠提供具有改良型無線通信能力之電子裝置。
無線電子裝置可包括形成於該裝置上之不同位置處之天線。舉例而言,天線可形成於裝置之相對端處。無線電子裝置可包括用以藉由傳送及接收在不同頻帶中之射頻信號而在該等頻帶中無線地通信之收發器。無線電子裝置可包括適應諸如長期演進-分時雙工(LTE-TDD)協定之分時多工協定之切換電路。
切換電路可藉由在自天線接收之射頻信號投送至收發器的第一組態與該等天線耦接至天線切換電路的第二組態之間雙態觸發來執行分時雙工。天線切換電路可自收發器接收射頻傳送信號且將該等傳送信號投送至第一天線及第二天線中之一選定天線。天線切換電路可受到諸如該裝置上之基頻電路及/或儲存及處理電路之控制電路控制。天線切換電路可適應天線傳送分集而不影響射頻信號之接收(例如,因為執行分時雙工之切換電路可形成未受到天線切換電路之組態影響之信號接收路徑)。
本發明之另外特徵、其性質及各種優點將自隨附圖式及以下詳細描述變得更顯而易見。
本發明大體上係關於無線通信,且更特定言之,係關於具有適應天線傳送分集之切換電路之無線電子裝置。
無線電子裝置可為攜帶型電子裝置,諸如,膝上型電腦或有時被稱為超攜帶型電腦之類型之小型攜帶型電腦。攜帶型電子裝置可包括平板計算裝置(例如,包括觸控螢幕顯示器之攜帶型電腦)。攜帶型電子裝置亦可為稍微較小之裝置。較小攜帶型電子裝置之實例包括腕錶裝置、垂飾裝置、頭戴式耳機及耳塞式耳機裝置,以及其他可佩帶且小型之裝置。在一合適配置的情況下,攜帶型電子裝置可為手持型電子裝置。
無線電子裝置可為(例如)蜂巢式電話、具有無線通信能力之媒體播放器、手持型電腦(有時亦被稱為個人數位助理)、遠端控制器、全球定位系統(GPS)裝置、平板電腦,及手持型遊戲裝置。無線電子裝置亦可為組合多個習知裝置之功能性之混合式裝置。混合式攜帶型電子裝置之實例包括:包括媒體播放器功能性之蜂巢式電話;包括無線通信能力之遊戲裝置;包括遊戲及電子郵件功能之蜂巢式電話;及接收電子郵件、支援行動電話呼叫、具有音樂播放器功能性且支援網頁瀏覽之攜帶型裝置。此等實例僅僅為說明性實例。
圖1中展示根據本發明之一實施例的說明性無線電子裝置。圖1之裝置10可為(例如)攜帶型電子裝置。
裝置10可具有外殼12。用於處置無線通信之天線可收容於外殼12內(作為一實例)。
外殼12(其有時被稱為殼體)可由任何合適材料形成,該等材料包括塑膠、玻璃、陶瓷、金屬或其他合適材料,或此等材料之組合。在一些情形中,外殼12或外殼12之部分可由介電材料或其他低導電性材料形成,使得不妨礙近接於外殼12而定位之導電天線元件之操作。外殼12或外殼12之部分亦可由諸如金屬之導電材料形成。可使用之說明性外殼材料為陽極化鋁。鋁具有相對輕重量且在被陽極化時具有有吸引力的絕緣且耐刮擦之表面。必要時,其他金屬可用於裝置10之外殼,諸如,不鏽鋼、鎂、鈦、此等金屬與其他金屬之合金,等等。在外殼12係由金屬元件形成的情境中,該等金屬元件中之一或多者可用作裝置10中之天線之部件。舉例而言,外殼12之金屬部分可短路於裝置10中之內部接地平面以建立用於彼裝置10之較大接地平面元件。為了促進陽極化鋁外殼與裝置10中之其他金屬組件之間的電接觸,可在製造程序期間選擇性地移除陽極化鋁外殼之陽極化表面層之部分(例如,藉由雷射蝕刻)。
外殼12可具有帶槽框14。帶槽框14可由導電材料形成且可用來將具有平面表面之顯示器或其他裝置固持於裝置10上之適當位置中。舉例而言,如圖1所示,帶槽框14可用以藉由將顯示器16附接至外殼12而將顯示器16固持於適當位置中。
顯示器16可為液晶二極體(LCD)顯示器、有機發光二極體(OLED)顯示器或任何其他合適顯示器。顯示器16之最外部表面可由一或多個塑膠層或玻璃層形成。必要時,可 將觸控螢幕功能性整合至顯示器16中或可使用分離觸控板裝置來提供觸控螢幕功能性。將觸控螢幕整合至顯示器16中以使顯示器16為觸敏式之優點為:此類型之配置可節省空間且縮減視覺雜亂性。
顯示螢幕16(例如,觸控螢幕)僅僅為可與電子裝置10一起使用之輸入-輸出裝置之一實例。必要時,電子裝置10可具有其他輸入-輸出裝置。舉例而言,電子裝置10可具有諸如按鈕19之使用者輸入控制裝置,以及諸如埠20及一或多個輸入-輸出插口(例如,用於音訊及/或視訊)之輸入-輸出組件。舉例而言,按鈕19可為選單按鈕。埠20可含有30接針資料連接器(作為一實例)。必要時,開口24及22可形成麥克風埠及揚聲器埠。在圖1之實例中,顯示螢幕16被展示為安裝於攜帶型電子裝置10之正面上,但必要時,顯示螢幕16可安裝於攜帶型電子裝置10之背面上、安裝於裝置10之側上、安裝於由(例如)鉸鏈附接至裝置10之主體部分的裝置10之上翻部分上,或使用任何其他合適安裝配置予以安裝。
電子裝置10之使用者可使用諸如按鈕19及觸控螢幕16之使用者輸入介面裝置來供應輸入命令。用於電子裝置10之合適使用者輸入介面裝置包括按鈕(例如,文數字按鍵、電源開關、電源接通、電源切斷及其他專門按鈕等等)、觸控板、觸控點(pointing stick)或其他游標控制裝置、用於供應語音命令之麥克風,或用於控制裝置10之任何其他合適介面。雖然諸如按鈕19之按鈕及其他使用者輸入介面 裝置在圖1之實例中被示意性地展示為形成於電子裝置10之頂面上,但該等按鈕及其他使用者輸入介面裝置通常可形成於電子裝置10之任何合適部分上。舉例而言,諸如按鈕19之按鈕或其他使用者介面控制件可形成於電子裝置10之側上。按鈕及其他使用者介面控制件亦可位於裝置10之頂面、背面或其他部分上。必要時,裝置10可被遠端地控制(例如,使用紅外線遙控器件、諸如Bluetooth遙控之射頻遙控器件,等等)。
電子裝置10可具有諸如埠20之埠。埠20(其有時可被稱為銜接連接器(dock connector)、30接針資料埠連接器、輸入-輸出埠,或匯流排連接器)可用作輸入-輸出埠(例如,當將裝置10連接至被連接至電腦或其他電子裝置之配套銜接件(mating dock)時)。裝置10亦可具有允許裝置10與外部組件建立介面連接之音訊及視訊插口。典型埠包括:用以使裝置10內之電池再充電或自直流(DC)電力供應器操作裝置10之電力插口;用以與諸如個人電腦或周邊裝置之外部組件交換資料之資料埠;用以驅動頭戴式耳機、監視器或其他外部音訊-視訊設備之視聽插口;用以授權蜂巢式電話服務之用戶識別碼模組(SIM)卡埠;記憶卡插槽;等等。可使用諸如觸控螢幕顯示器16之輸入介面裝置來控制此等裝置中之一些或全部以及電子裝置10之內部電路的功能。
諸如顯示器16之組件及其他使用者輸入介面裝置可覆蓋裝置10之正面上之大多數可用表面積(如圖1之實例所示)或 可僅佔據裝置10之正面之小部分。因為諸如顯示器16之電子組件常常含有大量金屬(例如,作為射頻屏蔽),所以通常應考量此等組件相對於裝置10中之天線元件之位置。裝置之天線元件及電子組件之合適選定位置將允許電子裝置10之天線適當地起作用而不受到電子組件妨礙。
裝置10中可定位有天線結構之位置之實例包括區域18(例如,第一天線)及區域21(例如,第二天線)。區域18可與區域21分離達距離D。此等實例僅僅為說明性實例。必要時,裝置10之任何合適部分可用以收容用於裝置10之天線結構。
諸如圖2之裝置10之無線電子裝置可具備無線通信電路。無線通信電路可用以支援諸如在蜂巢式電話頻帶(例如,與無線標準或協定相關聯之頻率範圍)內之通信之遠程無線通信。可由裝置10處置之遠程(蜂巢式電話)頻帶之實例包括800MHz頻帶、850MHz頻帶、900MHz頻帶、1800MHz頻帶、1900MHz頻帶、2100MHz頻帶、700MHz頻帶、2500MHz頻帶及其他頻帶。每一遠程頻帶可與一頻率範圍相關聯。舉例而言,850MHz頻帶可與頻率範圍824MHz至849MHz相關聯,且2500MHz頻帶可與頻率範圍2500MHz至2570MHz相關聯。與蜂巢式電話頻帶相關聯之無線標準或協定之實例包括全球行動系統(GSM)通信標準、通用行動電信系統(UMTS)標準,及使用諸如分碼多重存取、分時多工、分頻多工等等之技術之標準。由裝置10使用之遠程頻帶可包括所謂LTE(長期演進)頻帶。LTE頻 帶被編號(例如,1、2、3,等等)且有時被稱為E-UTRA操作頻帶。作為一實例,LTE頻帶7對應於介於2.5GHz與2.57GHz之間的上行鏈路頻率(例如,用以將無線信號傳送至基地台之頻率)及介於2.62GHz與2.69GHz之間的下行鏈路頻率(例如,用以自基地台接收無線信號之頻率)。
諸如與衛星導航頻帶相關聯之信號之遠程信號可由裝置10之無線通信電路接收。舉例而言,裝置10可使用無線電路以接收在與全球定位系統(GPS)通信相關聯之1575MHz頻帶內之信號。近程無線通信亦可受到裝置10之無線電路支援。舉例而言,裝置10可包括用於處置諸如在2.4GHz及5GHz下之WiFi®鏈路、Bluetooth鏈路及在2.4GHz下之Bluetooth Low Energy鏈路等等之區域網路鏈路的無線電路。
如圖2所示,裝置10可包括儲存及處理電路28。儲存及處理電路28可包括諸如硬碟機儲存器、非揮發性記憶體(例如,快閃記憶體或經組態以形成固態磁碟機之其他電可程式化唯讀記憶體)、揮發性記憶體(例如,靜態或動態隨機存取記憶體)等等之儲存器。儲存及處理電路28中之處理電路可用以控制裝置10之操作。此處理電路可基於一或多個微處理器、微控制器、數位信號處理器、特殊應用積體電路,等等。
儲存及處理電路28可用以執行裝置10上之軟體,諸如,網際網路瀏覽應用程式、網際網路語音通訊協定(VOIP)電話呼叫應用程式、電子郵件應用程式、媒體播放應用程 式、作業系統功能、與射頻傳送及接收有關之功能(諸如,通信頻率之選擇),等等。為了支援與外部設備之互動,可使用儲存及處理電路28來實施通信協定。可使用儲存及處理電路28而實施之通信協定包括網際網路協定、無線區域網路協定(例如,IEEE 802.11協定--有時被稱為Wi-Fi®)、用於其他近程無線通信鏈路之協定(諸如,Bluetooth協定)、蜂巢式電話協定、MIMO(多輸入多輸出)協定、天線分集協定,等等。可使用儲存及執行於裝置10上(例如,儲存及執行於儲存及處理電路28上)之軟體來控制諸如通信頻率選擇操作之無線通信操作。
電子裝置10可包括用於與外部設備無線地通信之無線通信電路34。因此,電子裝置10有時可被稱為無線裝置或無線電子裝置。無線通信電路34可包括由一或多個積體電路形成之射頻(RF)收發器電路、基頻電路、功率放大器電路、低雜訊輸入放大器、被動式RF組件、一或多個天線、傳送線,及諸如用於處置RF無線信號之前端電路之其他電路。亦可使用光(例如,使用紅外線通信)來發送無線信號。
無線通信電路34可包括用於處置各種射頻通信頻帶之射頻收發器電路。舉例而言,電路34可包括處置用於WiFi(IEEE 802.11)通信之2.4GHz及5GHz頻帶及/或處置用於Bluetooth通信之2.4GHz頻帶的收發器電路。電路34可包括用於處置在諸如處於850MHz、900MHz、1800MHz、1900MHz、2100MHz之蜂巢式電話頻帶、LTE頻帶及其他 頻帶(作為一實例)內之無線通信的蜂巢式電話收發器電路。電路34可處置語音資料及非語音資料。必要時,無線通信電路34可包括用於接收在1575MHz下之GPS信號或用於處置其他衛星定位資料之全球定位系統(GPS)接收器設備。
無線通信電路34可包括一或多個天線40。可使用任何合適天線類型來形成天線40。舉例而言,天線40可包括具有調諧元件之天線,該等調諧元件係由迴圈天線結構、塊狀天線結構、倒F形天線結構、槽形天線結構、平面倒F形天線結構、螺旋狀天線結構、此等設計之混合物等等形成。不同類型之天線可用於不同頻帶及頻帶組合。舉例而言,一種類型之天線可用於形成本端無線鏈路天線,且另一類型之天線可用於形成遠端無線鏈路天線。
可實施天線分集方案,在該等天線分集方案中,使用多個冗餘天線來處置針對一或若干特定頻帶之通信。在一天線分集方案中,儲存及處理電路28可基於信號強度量測或其他資料來即時選擇將使用哪一天線。舉例而言,儲存及處理電路28可選擇將使用哪一天線用於與基地台之LTE通信。在多輸入多輸出(MIMO)方案中,可使用多個天線以傳送及接收多個資料串流,藉此增強資料輸貫量。在天線接收分集方案中,可使用多個天線以接收射頻信號,且可組合經接收信號以增強接收信號品質。
圖3中展示裝置10中可形成有天線40之說明性位置。如圖3所示,電子裝置10可具有諸如外殼12之外殼。外殼12 可包括:塑膠壁;金屬外殼結構;由碳纖維材料或其他複合物、玻璃、陶瓷或其他合適材料形成之結構。外殼12可使用單一材料片段(例如,使用一體式組態)予以形成或可由經組裝以形成已完成外殼結構之框架、外殼壁及其他個別部件形成。圖1所示的裝置10之組件可安裝於外殼12內。天線結構40可安裝於外殼12內,且必要時,可使用外殼12之部件予以形成。舉例而言,外殼12可包括金屬外殼側壁、諸如帶狀構件(具有或不具有介電間隙)之周邊導電構件、導電帶槽框,及可用於形成天線結構40之其他導電結構。
如圖3所示,天線結構40可由諸如路徑45之路徑耦接至收發器電路90。路徑45可包括諸如同軸電纜、微帶傳送線、帶狀線傳送線等等之傳送線結構。路徑45亦可包括阻抗匹配電路、濾波器電路及切換電路。阻抗匹配電路可用以確保天線40在所關注通信頻帶中高效地耦接至收發器電路90。濾波器電路可用以實施以頻率為基礎之多工電路,諸如,同向雙工器(diplexer)、雙工器(duplexer)及三訊耦合器(triplexer)。切換電路可用以將天線40選擇性地耦接至收發器電路90之所要埠。舉例而言,在一操作模式中,切換器可經組態以將路徑45中之一者投送至給定天線,且在另一操作模式中,切換器可經組態以將路徑45中之一不同路徑投送至給定天線。在收發器電路90與天線40之間使用切換電路會允許裝置10以有限數目個天線來支援多個所關注通信頻帶。
在諸如具有狹長矩形外形之蜂巢式電話之裝置中,可需要將天線40置放於該裝置之一端或兩端處。舉例而言,如圖3所示,天線40中之一些可置放於外殼12之上端區域42中,且天線40中之一些可置放於外殼12之下端區域44中。裝置10中之天線結構可包括區域42中之單一天線、區域44中之單一天線、區域42中之多個天線、區域44中之多個天線,或可包括位於外殼12中別處之一或多個天線。
天線結構40可形成於諸如區域42及區域44之區域中之一些或全部內。舉例而言,諸如天線40T-1之天線可位於區域42-1內,或可形成填充區域42-1之一些或全部的諸如天線40T-2之天線。諸如天線40B-1之天線可填充區域44-2之一些或全部,或諸如天線40B-2之天線可形成於區域44-1中。此等類型之配置無需互斥。舉例而言,區域44可含有諸如天線40B-1之第一天線及諸如天線40B-2之第二天線。
收發器電路90可含有諸如傳送器48之傳送器及諸如接收器50之接收器。可使用一或多個積體電路(例如,蜂巢式電話通信電路、無線區域網路通信電路、用於Bluetooth®通信之電路、用於接收衛星導航系統信號之電路)來實施傳送器48及接收器50。收發器電路90可形成有用於增加傳送信號功率之關聯功率放大器電路、用於增加經接收信號中之信號功率之低雜訊放大器電路、其他合適無線通信電路,及此等電路之組合。
收發器電路可使用分時多工協定在頻帶中通信。舉例而言,LTE標準可使用諸如使用分時雙工用於選定LTE頻帶 (例如,LTE頻帶33至43)之協定之分時多工協定。可需要使用LTE頻帶33至43進行通信之無線電子裝置來執行將經傳送信號及經接收信號各自指派給預定時槽的分時雙工操作。因此,LTE頻帶33至43可被稱為長期演進-分時雙工(LTE-TDD)頻帶。
圖4為展示可如何在時間方面將使用分時雙工操作之無線通信分割成射頻信號接收及射頻信號傳送的說明圖。如圖4所示,信號接收可指派給時間週期(部分)102,且信號傳送可指派給時間週期104。每一時間週期可對應於一或多個時槽(例如,由用於信號接收或傳送之給定協定定義之最小時間長度)。可基於接收及傳送操作之頻寬要求來選擇每一時間週期之長度(例如,指派給彼時間週期之時槽之數目)。舉例而言,若裝置10傳送比其所接收之資料多的資料,則傳送時間週期104可被分配比接收時間週期102多的時槽。分配給每一時間週期之時槽可經動態地調整以適應改變之頻寬要求。
裝置10可執行天線傳送分集操作以選擇最佳天線用於傳送時間週期104。舉例而言,在時間週期T1期間,裝置10可識別出諸如天線40T-1之上部天線應被用於射頻傳送,且在時間週期T2期間,裝置10可識別出諸如天線40B-1之下部天線應被用於射頻傳送。在此實例中,可在處於時間週期T1內之時間週期104期間使用上部天線40T-1來傳送射頻信號,且可在處於時間週期T2內之時間週期104期間使用下部天線40B-1來傳送射頻信號。
可需要執行天線傳送分集操作而不影響裝置10之無線接收或其他正常操作。圖5展示無線通信電路34(例如,可在裝置10中用以處置射頻通信之無線通信電路)可如何具備適應針對LTE-TDD頻帶(或與分時多工協定相關聯之其他頻帶)之天線傳送分集操作而不影響LTE-TDD頻帶內之無線接收的天線切換電路112。無線通信電路34可包括處置由無線通信電路34傳送及接收之射頻信號之前端電路44。前端電路44可包括諸如切換電路64A、64B及電路112之切換電路。前端電路44可包括諸如雙工器54之濾波電路及用以處置射頻信號之其他組件。
無線通信電路34可包括天線40A及40B。舉例而言,天線40A及40B可對應於圖3之上部天線40T-1及下部天線40B-1。天線40A及40B可在端子(埠)T10及T14處耦接至各別切換電路64A及64B。切換電路64A及64B可具有與LTE-TDD信號接收路徑相關聯之埠及與LTE-TDD信號傳送路徑相關聯之埠。舉例而言,埠T6及T12可與用於LTE-TDD頻帶TDB1之接收路徑相關聯,且埠T7及T13可與用於LTE-TDD頻帶TDB2之接收路徑相關聯。射頻信號可經由LTE-TDD信號接收路徑而自天線40A及40B中之一選定天線予以接收,或必要時,可自天線40A及40B兩者予以同時地接收(例如,藉由執行天線接收分集)。
埠T8及埠T11可與射頻信號傳送路徑(例如,收發器電路90與天線40A及40B之間的傳送路徑)相關聯。切換電路64A及64B可用以藉由將與信號接收及信號傳送相關聯之 埠交替地耦接至天線40A及40B來執行分時雙工。舉例而言,在圖4之時間週期102期間,切換電路64A可經組態以將埠T6耦接至埠T10,且在時間週期104期間,切換電路64A可經組態以將埠T8耦接至埠T10。換言之,切換電路64A及64B可經控制以藉由在接收路徑與傳送路徑之間重複地雙態觸發來執行分時雙工。切換電路64A及64B可經由路徑62予以控制(例如,受到諸如基頻電路46、儲存及處理電路28或與切換電路64A及64B相關聯之專用控制電路之控制電路控制)。
功率放大器52可用以將經傳送射頻信號放大至所要功率位準(例如,足以使其他無線裝置接收經傳送信號之功率位準)。低雜訊放大器60可用以放大經接收射頻信號,使得經接收射頻信號具有足夠強度以由收發器電路90處理。
天線切換電路112可插入於收發器電路90與切換電路64A及64B之間。天線切換電路112可包括與在各別LTE-TDD頻帶中之信號傳送相關聯之埠T1及T2。舉例而言,埠T1可與在LTE-TDD頻帶TDB1中傳送之信號(例如,TDB1 TX)相關聯,且埠T2可與在LTE-TDD頻帶TDB2中傳送之信號(例如,TDB2 TX)相關聯。天線切換電路112可經由控制路徑114予以組態以將經傳送信號選擇性地投送至天線40A或天線40B(例如,藉由將埠T1及T2選擇性地耦接至埠T4或埠T5)。換言之,天線切換電路112可經組態以在收發器電路90與任一天線40A及天線40B之間形成傳送路徑。控制信號可自儲存及處理電路28、基頻電路46或任何所要控制電 路經由控制路徑114而提供至天線切換電路112。
天線切換電路112可適應天線傳送分集而不影響無線通信電路34之正常操作(例如,不影響LTE-FDD信號接收)。考慮無線通信電路34使用LTE-TDD頻帶TDB1而與諸如基地台6之基地台通信的情境。無線通信電路34最初可在頻帶TDB1中使用天線40A以將射頻信號傳送至基地台6(例如,切換電路112可經組態以將埠T1耦接至埠T4,藉此在收發器電路與天線40A之間形成信號傳送路徑)。裝置10可監視與基地台6之通信且判定出天線40B應被用於頻帶TDB1中之傳送(例如,基於接收信號強度或其他通信鏈路品質指示符)。回應於判定出天線40B應被用於與基地台6之通信,裝置10可組態切換電路112以將埠T1耦接至埠T5,藉此將頻帶TDB1中之傳送信號自收發器電路90投送至天線40B。在此情境中,與LTE-TDD頻帶TDB1相關聯之射頻信號接收可未受到傳送信號路徑之改變影響,此係因為天線切換電路112僅經組態以調整信號傳送路徑。
無線通信電路34可經由切換電路64A及64B上之額外埠而適應其他無線標準及協定。舉例而言,諸如長期演進-分頻雙工(LTE-FDD)之無線標準可由耦接至切換電路64A之埠T9之雙工器54處置。在此情境中,雙工器54可由諸如藉由將射頻信號分割成傳送頻率及接收頻率來執行分頻雙工之高通濾波器及低通濾波器的濾波器形成。
天線切換電路112具有與兩個LTE-TDD頻帶相關聯之兩個埠的圖5之實例僅僅係說明性的。必要時,天線切換電 路112可包括與多個LTE-TDD頻帶相關聯之任何所要數目個埠。必要時,天線切換電路112可耦接至多個天線(例如,經由諸如切換電路64A及64B之切換電路及/或濾波電路而耦接至兩個或兩個以上天線)且經組態以藉由將經傳送信號投送至該等天線中之一選定天線來執行天線傳送分集而不影響信號接收路徑。必要時,天線切換電路112可用以執行用於使用分時多工協定以分割來自經接收信號之經傳送信號之任何無線標準的天線傳送分集。
切換電路64A及64B各自耦接至單一天線的圖5之實例僅僅係說明性的。必要時,切換電路64A及64B可經由額外濾波及切換電路(未圖示)而耦接至多個天線。額外濾波及切換電路可適應諸如Wi-Fi®、Bluetooth、GPS等等之額外無線技術。
圖6為展示前端電路44可如何具備具有經由埠T而接收在多個頻帶下之經傳送信號之天線切換電路112之切換電路152的圖解。切換電路152可耦接至兩個或兩個以上天線(例如,天線40A及天線40B)。切換電路152可具有自天線接收之信號被提供至之埠B1 RX、B2 RX,等等。切換電路112可包括分別指派給天線40A及天線40B之埠ANT1及埠ANT2。
為了使用諸如LTE-TDD之分時多工協定進行通信,可經由控制路徑62而組態切換電路152以將每一天線交替地耦接至天線切換電路112之一選定接收埠(例如,埠B1 RX、B2 RX,等等)及一已指派傳送埠。舉例而言,天線40A可 在圖4之時間102期間耦接至埠B1 RX且在時間104期間耦接至埠ANT1。作為另一實例,天線40B可在時間104期間耦接至埠ANT2。藉由提供具有專用於信號傳送路徑之天線切換電路112之切換電路152,可執行天線傳送分集而不影響接收路徑。
圖7展示可由無線通信電路(例如,由諸如無線通信電路34中之儲存及處理電路28或基頻電路46之控制電路)執行以執行天線傳送分集而不影響無線接收之說明性步驟的流程圖。
在步驟202中,無線通信電路可選擇用於傳送之天線。舉例而言,無線通信電路可使用諸如LTE-TDD之分時多工協定而在給定頻帶中與諸如基地台6之基地台通信。在此情境中,無線通信電路可基於無線通信電路與基地台之間的接收信號強度或其他通信鏈路品質指示符來選擇用於傳送之天線。
在步驟204中,無線通信電路可組態專用切換電路,使得將經傳送信號投送至選定天線而不影響信號接收(例如,不修改無線通信電路中之接收路徑)。舉例而言,無線通信電路可將指導電路112將傳送信號投送至選定天線之控制信號提供至天線切換電路112。可經由路徑114將控制信號提供至天線切換電路112而不修改經由路徑62提供至切換電路64A及64B之控制信號。處理接著可經由路徑206返回至步驟202以執行天線傳送分集操作而不影響無線接收。
根據一實施例,提供一種無線電子裝置以包括:第一天線及第二天線;收發器電路;一天線切換電路,其經組態以將射頻傳送信號自該收發器電路投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之一選定天線;及切換電路,其耦接於該天線切換電路與該第一天線及該第二天線之間,其中該切換電路可操作以在射頻接收信號自該第一天線及該第二天線投送至該收發器電路的一第一組態與該等射頻傳送信號自該天線切換電路提供至該選定天線的一第二組態之間重複地雙態觸發。
根據另一實施例,該切換電路包括:一第一切換器,其耦接於該第一天線與該天線切換電路之間;及一第二切換器,其耦接於該第二天線與該天線切換電路之間。
根據另一實施例,該第一切換器耦接於該第一天線與該收發器電路之間,且其中該第一切換器在該第二組態期間將該第一天線耦接至該天線切換電路。
根據另一實施例,該第一切換器在該第一組態期間將該第一天線耦接至該收發器電路。
根據另一實施例,該第二切換器耦接於該第二天線與該收發器電路之間,其中該第二切換器在該第二組態期間將該第二天線耦接至該天線切換電路。
根據另一實施例,該第二切換器在該第二組態期間將該第二天線耦接至該收發器電路。
根據另一實施例,至少一低雜訊放大器耦接於該第一切換器與該收發器電路之間,其中該低雜訊放大器可操作以 放大該等射頻接收信號。
根據另一實施例,至少一功率放大器耦接於該收發器電路與該天線切換電路之間,其中該功率放大器可操作以放大該等射頻傳送信號。
根據一實施例,一種操作具有第一天線及第二天線之一無線電子裝置之方法,該方法經提供以包括:具有複數個接收埠及複數個傳送埠之一切換電路在一第一時間週期期間將自該第一天線及該第二天線接收之射頻信號投送至該複數個接收埠中之一選定接收埠;及藉由該切換電路,在一第二時間週期期間將該等傳送埠處接收之射頻傳送信號投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之一選定天線。
根據另一實施例,控制電路選擇該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線應被用於無線傳送;且藉由該控制電路,指導該切換電路在該第二時間週期期間將該等射頻傳送信號自該等傳送埠投送至該選定天線。
根據另一實施例,控制電路包含一基頻處理器,且選擇該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線應被用於無線傳送包含:藉由該基頻處理器,選擇該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線應被用於無線傳送。
根據另一實施例,收發器電路在該第二時間週期期間將該等射頻傳送信號提供至該切換電路之該等傳送埠。
根據另一實施例,該收發器電路在該第一時間週期期間自該切換電路之該選定接收埠接收該等射頻信號。
根據另一實施例,在該第二時間週期期間將該等傳送埠 處接收之該等射頻傳送信號投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之該選定天線的該方法包括:在該第二時間週期期間將該等傳送埠處接收之該等射頻傳送信號投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之該選定天線而不改變在該第一時間週期期間選擇哪一接收埠。
根據一實施例,一種使用至少第一天線及第二天線來無線地通信之無線通信電路,該無線通信電路提供以包括:一收發器電路,其經組態以在無線接收操作與無線傳送操作之間重複地雙態觸發;及切換電路,其經組態以在該等無線傳送操作期間將射頻傳送信號自該收發器電路提供至該第一天線及該第二天線中之一選定天線,且經進一步組態以在無線接收操作期間將射頻接收信號自該第一天線及該第二天線投送至該收發器電路。
根據另一實施例,一天線切換電路具有耦接至該第一天線之一第一埠、耦接至該第二天線之一第二埠及自該收發器電路接收該等射頻傳送信號之一第三埠,其中該天線切換電路可在該第一埠耦接至該第三埠的一第一組態及該第二埠耦接至該第三埠的一第二組態中操作。
根據另一實施例,一切換器耦接於該天線切換電路之該第一埠與該第一天線之間及該第一天線與該收發器電路之間,其中該切換器經組態以在無線接收操作期間將該第一天線耦接至該收發器電路,且其中該切換器經組態以在無線傳送操作期間將該第一天線耦接至該天線切換電路之該第一埠。
根據另一實施例,一額外切換器耦接於該天線切換電路之該第二埠與該第二天線之間及該第二天線與該收發器電路之間,其中該額外切換器經組態以在無線接收操作期間將該第二天線耦接至該收發器電路,且其中該額外切換器經組態以在無線傳送操作期間將該第二天線耦接至該天線切換電路之該第二埠。
根據另一實施例,一控制電路可操作以在無線傳送操作期間由該切換電路來判定該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線具備該等射頻傳送信號。
根據另一實施例,該控制電路包括基頻電路。
前述內容僅僅說明本發明之原理,且熟習此項技術者可在不脫離本發明之範疇及精神的情況下進行各種修改。
6‧‧‧基地台
10‧‧‧電子裝置
12‧‧‧外殼
14‧‧‧帶槽框
16‧‧‧顯示螢幕/顯示器
18‧‧‧區域
19‧‧‧按鈕
20‧‧‧埠
21‧‧‧區域
22‧‧‧開口
24‧‧‧開口
28‧‧‧儲存及處理電路
34‧‧‧無線通信電路
40‧‧‧天線/天線結構
40A‧‧‧天線
40B‧‧‧天線
40B-1‧‧‧天線
40B-2‧‧‧天線
40T-1‧‧‧天線
40T-2‧‧‧天線
42‧‧‧上端區域
42-1‧‧‧區域
42-2‧‧‧區域
44‧‧‧下端區域/前端電路
44-1‧‧‧區域
44-2‧‧‧區域
45‧‧‧路徑
46‧‧‧基頻電路
48‧‧‧傳送器
50‧‧‧接收器
52‧‧‧功率放大器
54‧‧‧雙工器
60‧‧‧低雜訊放大器
62‧‧‧控制路徑
64B‧‧‧切換電路
90‧‧‧收發器電路
102‧‧‧接收時間週期/時間
104‧‧‧傳送時間週期/時間
112‧‧‧天線切換電路
114‧‧‧控制路徑
152‧‧‧切換電路
206‧‧‧路徑
ANT1‧‧‧埠
ANT2‧‧‧埠
B1 RX‧‧‧埠
B1 TX‧‧‧埠
B2 RX‧‧‧埠
B2 TX‧‧‧埠
T‧‧‧埠
T1‧‧‧埠
T2‧‧‧埠
T4‧‧‧埠
T5‧‧‧埠
T6‧‧‧埠
T7‧‧‧埠
T8‧‧‧埠
T9‧‧‧埠
T10‧‧‧埠
T11‧‧‧埠
T12‧‧‧埠
T13‧‧‧埠
T14‧‧‧埠
圖1為根據本發明之一實施例的具有天線切換能力之說明性電子裝置的透視圖。
圖2為根據本發明之一實施例的具有無線通信電路之說明性電子裝置的示意圖。
圖3為根據本發明之一實施例的展示射頻收發器電路可如何耦接至電子裝置內之一或多個天線的圖解。
圖4為根據本發明之一實施例的展示與分時多工操作同時地執行之天線傳送分集操作的說明圖。
圖5為根據本發明之一實施例的具有天線切換電路之無線通信電路的說明圖。
圖6為根據本發明之一實施例的具有天線切換電路之前 端電路的說明圖。
圖7為根據本發明之一實施例的可經執行以將天線切換電路控制成使得執行天線傳送分集而不影響無線接收路徑之說明性步驟的流程圖。
34‧‧‧無線通信電路
40A‧‧‧天線
40B‧‧‧天線
44‧‧‧下端區域/前端電路
46‧‧‧基頻電路
52‧‧‧功率放大器
54‧‧‧雙工器
60‧‧‧低雜訊放大器
62‧‧‧控制路徑
64B‧‧‧切換電路
90‧‧‧收發器電路
112‧‧‧天線切換電路
114‧‧‧控制路徑
T1‧‧‧埠
T2‧‧‧埠
T4‧‧‧埠
T5‧‧‧埠
T6‧‧‧埠
T7‧‧‧埠
T8‧‧‧埠
T9‧‧‧埠
T10‧‧‧埠
T11‧‧‧埠
T12‧‧‧埠
T13‧‧‧埠
T14‧‧‧埠

Claims (20)

  1. 一種無線電子裝置,其包含:第一天線及第二天線;收發器電路;一天線切換電路,其經組態以將射頻傳送信號自該收發器電路投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之一選定天線;及切換電路,其耦接於該天線切換電路與該第一天線及該第二天線之間,其中該切換電路可操作以在射頻接收信號自該第一天線及該第二天線投送至該收發器電路的一第一組態與該等射頻傳送信號自該天線切換電路提供至該選定天線的一第二組態之間重複地雙態觸發。
  2. 如請求項1之無線電子裝置,其中該切換電路包含:一第一切換器,其耦接於該第一天線與該天線切換電路之間;及一第二切換器,其耦接於該第二天線與該天線切換電路之間。
  3. 如請求項2之無線電子裝置,其中該第一切換器耦接於該第一天線與該收發器電路之間,且其中該第一切換器在該第二組態期間將該第一天線耦接至該天線切換電路。
  4. 如請求項3之無線電子裝置,其中該第一切換器在該第一組態期間將該第一天線耦接至該收發器電路。
  5. 如請求項4之無線電子裝置,其中該第二切換器耦接於 該第二天線與該收發器電路之間,其中該第二切換器在該第二組態期間將該第二天線耦接至該天線切換電路。
  6. 如請求項5之無線電子裝置,其中該第二切換器在該第二組態期間將該第二天線耦接至該收發器電路。
  7. 如請求項6之無線電子裝置,其進一步包含:至少一低雜訊放大器,其耦接於該第一切換器與該收發器電路之間,其中該低雜訊放大器可操作以放大該等射頻接收信號。
  8. 如請求項1之無線電子裝置,其進一步包含:至少一功率放大器,其耦接於該收發器電路與該天線切換電路之間,其中該功率放大器可操作以放大該等射頻傳送信號。
  9. 一種操作具有第一天線及第二天線之一無線電子裝置之方法,該方法包含:藉由具有複數個接收埠及複數個傳送埠之切換電路,在一第一時間週期期間選定該複數個接收埠中之一接收埠且將自該第一天線接收之射頻信號投送至該複數個接收埠中之所選定之該接收埠;及藉由該切換電路,在一第二時間週期期間將該等傳送埠處接收之射頻傳送信號投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之一選定天線。
  10. 如請求項9之方法,其進一步包含:藉由控制電路,選擇該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線應被用於無線傳送;及 藉由該控制電路,指導該切換電路在該第二時間週期期間將該等射頻傳送信號自該等傳送埠投送至該選定天線。
  11. 如請求項10之方法,其中該控制電路包含一基頻處理器,且其中選擇該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線應被用於無線傳送包含:藉由該基頻處理器,選擇該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線應被用於無線傳送。
  12. 如請求項9之方法,其進一步包含:藉由收發器電路,在該第二時間週期期間將該等射頻傳送信號提供至該切換電路之該等傳送埠。
  13. 如請求項12之方法,其進一步包含:藉由該收發器電路,在該第一時間週期期間自該切換電路之選定之該接收埠接收該等射頻信號。
  14. 如請求項12之方法,其中在該第二時間週期期間將該等傳送埠處接收之該等射頻傳送信號投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之該選定天線包含:在該第二時間週期期間將該等傳送埠處接收之該等射頻傳送信號投送至該第一天線及該第二天線中之該選定天線而不改變在該第一時間週期期間選擇哪一接收埠。
  15. 一種使用至少第一天線及第二天線來無線地通信之無線通信電路,該無線通信電路包含:收發器電路,其經組態以在無線接收操作與無線傳送操作之間重複地雙態觸發;及 切換電路,其經組態以在該等無線傳送操作期間將射頻傳送信號自該收發器電路提供至僅該第一天線及該第二天線中之一選定天線,且經進一步組態以在無線接收操作期間同時將射頻接收信號自該第一天線及該第二天線兩者投送至該收發器電路。
  16. 如請求項15之無線通信電路,其中該切換電路包含:一天線切換電路,其具有耦接至該第一天線之一第一埠、耦接至該第二天線之一第二埠及自該收發器電路接收該等射頻傳送信號之一第三埠,其中該天線切換電路可在該第一埠耦接至該第三埠的一第一組態及該第二埠耦接至該第三埠的一第二組態中操作。
  17. 如請求項16之無線通信電路,其中該切換電路進一步包含:一切換器,其耦接於該天線切換電路之該第一埠與該第一天線之間及該第一天線與該收發器電路之間,其中該切換器經組態以在無線接收操作期間將該第一天線耦接至該收發器電路,且其中該切換器經組態以在無線傳送操作期間將該第一天線耦接至該天線切換電路之該第一埠。
  18. 如請求項17之無線通信電路,其中該切換電路進一步包含:一額外切換器,其耦接於該天線切換電路之該第二埠與該第二天線之間及該第二天線與該收發器電路之間,其中該額外切換器經組態以在無線接收操作期間將該第 二天線耦接至該收發器電路,且其中該額外切換器經組態以在無線傳送操作期間將該第二天線耦接至該天線切換電路之該第二埠。
  19. 如請求項15之無線通信電路,其進一步包含:控制電路,其可操作以判定在無線傳送操作期間由該切換電路將該等射頻傳送信號提供給該第一天線及該第二天線中哪一天線。
  20. 如請求項19之無線通信電路,其中該控制電路包含基頻電路。
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US20130149975A1 (en) 2013-06-13
US9444540B2 (en) 2016-09-13
EP2774281A1 (en) 2014-09-10
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CN103166690B (zh) 2016-12-21
WO2013085721A1 (en) 2013-06-13

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