TWI462998B - 液晶透鏡之液晶組成與包含其之立體顯示器 - Google Patents

液晶透鏡之液晶組成與包含其之立體顯示器 Download PDF

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TWI462998B
TWI462998B TW101129562A TW101129562A TWI462998B TW I462998 B TWI462998 B TW I462998B TW 101129562 A TW101129562 A TW 101129562A TW 101129562 A TW101129562 A TW 101129562A TW I462998 B TWI462998 B TW I462998B
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liquid crystal
substrate
layer
negative electrode
crystal composition
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Chunwei Su
Jantien Lien
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Chunghwa Picture Tubes Ltd
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Description

液晶透鏡之液晶組成與包含其之立體顯示器
本發明是有關於一種液晶組成與包含其之立體顯示裝置，且特別是有關於一種利用水平電場來形成液晶透鏡之液晶組成與包含其之立體顯示裝置。
習知應用液晶透鏡來達成立體顯示之立體顯示器，主要是在夾著液晶層之兩片基板上分別設置正負電極。然後，藉由改變驅動電壓的大小，在兩片基板間形成具有強度不一之垂直電場，以驅動液晶分子排列而形成可以變焦的液晶透鏡。
在此，提出一種新的液晶透鏡結構，其係利用水平電場來讓光學等向性之液晶形成液晶透鏡，並可將其應用於立體顯示器上。
首先，先提供一種用以形成液晶透鏡之液晶組成。此液晶組成包含100重量份之一主體液晶、50-80重量份之一第一光學修飾劑、5-20重量份之一第二光學修飾劑與5-50重量份之一介電常數修飾劑。
上述之主體液晶，其化學結構如化學式I所示，其中R為直鏈Cn H2n+1 且n=3-9，X為剛硬連結基以讓相鄰苯環無法自由互相旋轉，Y為CN或F。上述之剛硬連結基X可為-C=C-、-C≡C-、-COO-或-N=N-。
上述之第一光學修飾劑，其化學結構如化學式II所示。
上述之第二光學修飾劑，其化學結構如化學式III所示。
上述之介電常數修飾劑，其化學結構如化學式IV所示，其中A為F或CN，B為F或H。
其次，依據一實施方式，提供一種立體顯示器。此立體顯示器包含第一基板、至少一正電極、至少一負電極、液晶層與第二基板。上述之正電極與負電極位於第一基板 之內側表面上，並且兩者間隔一間距，以形成橫跨該間距之一水平電場。液晶層的液晶組成如上述，且配置於第一基板與第二基板之間。
依據另一實施方式，提供另一種立體顯示器。此立體顯示器包含第一基板、負電極層、介電層、多個正電極、液晶層與第二基板。上述之負電極層與介電層依序配置於第一基板之內側表面上，而上述之正電極配置於介電層上。這些正電極彼此間隔一間距，以讓正電極與負電極層間形成橫跨該些間距之複數個水平電場。液晶層的液晶組成如上述，且配置於第一基板與第二基板之間。
上述發明內容旨在提供本揭示內容的簡化摘要，以使閱讀者對本揭示內容具備基本的理解。此發明內容並非本揭示內容的完整概述，且其用意並非在指出本發明實施例的重要/關鍵元件或界定本發明的範圍。在參閱下文實施方式後，本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者當可輕易瞭解本發明之基本精神及其他發明目的，以及本發明所採用之技術手段與實施態樣。
依據上述，提供一種用以形成液晶透鏡之液晶組成以及利用此液晶組成之立體顯示器。此液晶組成能藉由調整驅動電壓大小，讓液晶透鏡變焦。此液晶組成也可藉由驅動電壓的開關，而讓立體顯示器顯示平面或立體的影像。在下面的敘述中，將會介紹上述之液晶組成的例示組成及立體顯示器的例示結構。
為了容易瞭解所述實施例之故，下面將會提供不少技 術細節。當然，並不是所有的實施例皆需要這些技術細節。同時，一些廣為人知之結構或元件，僅會以示意的方式在圖式中繪出，以適當地簡化圖式內容。
液晶組成
依據一實施方式，提供一種用以形成液晶透鏡之液晶組成。此液晶組成包含100重量份之一主體液晶、50-80重量份之一第一光學修飾劑、5-20重量份之一第二光學修飾劑與5-50重量份之一介電常數修飾劑。
上述主體液晶的化學結構如化學式I所示，屬於向列型(nematic)液晶。其中R為直鏈Cn H2n+1 且n=3-9，X為剛硬連結基以讓相鄰苯環無法自由互相旋轉，Y為CN或F。上述之剛硬連結基X可含有-C=C-、-C≡C-、-COO-或-N=N-官能基。
一般而言，向列型液晶為長型棒狀分子，因此具有一分子長軸與一分子短軸。在進行液晶分子排列時，分子長軸方向可保持平行，但是分子短軸方向則為任易排列。由於其只具有一維的排列規則性，因此為所有液晶類別中分子間作用力最小也最容易流動者。一般來說，向列型液晶分子的核心結構通常至少具有芳香環-連結基-芳香環的化學結構。若所連接的芳香環數目越多，則其雙折射率(△n= n∥ -n⊥ )越大。
上述第一光學修飾劑，其化學結構如化學式II所示。第一光學修飾劑為具有光學活性之掌性(chiral)分子，可為默克(Merck)公司所供應之R811或S811分子。
通常將掌性分子溶解於向列型液晶中後，會讓此混合物的分子排列方式與膽固醇液晶的分子排列方式相同。但是，由於第一光學修飾劑在常溫下為固態，因此取一定量溶解於上述主體液晶之後，可能會讓所得混合物的黏度太大，不適於應用在液晶顯示器上。因此，需再加入液態之第二光學修飾劑。
液態之第二光學修飾劑的化學結構如化學式III所示，其商品名為CB15。由化學式III可知，第二光學修飾劑亦為具有光學活性的掌性分子。隨著第二光學修飾劑添加量的增加，液晶混合物的分子排列方式會從膽固醇液晶的排列方式，逐漸變成雙螺旋的分子排列方式，最後變成球狀的排列方式。在此同時，也減少液晶混合物的黏度。而當液晶混合物的分子排列方式變成球狀時，表示所得之液晶混合物已經從具有光學雙折射性轉變成光學等向性(isotropic)了，也就是雙折射率為零。
III
然而，要改變等向性液晶的分子排列方式與一般其他液晶不同。一般的液晶會隨著電場方向不同而改變其分子排列方向，進而形成液晶透鏡。等向性液晶則不會隨著電場方向不同而改變其分子排列方向，而是受到外加電場的影響後，改變其沿著電場方向的折射率，因此由光學等向性變成為光學雙折射性，此稱為柯爾效應(Kerr Effect)。衡量柯爾效應大小的參數為柯爾常數(Kerr constant)，一般要改變等向性液晶的柯爾常數，常需要很大的驅動電壓，因此需要添加介電常數修飾劑，增加液晶組成之整體介電常數，以有效地降低所需驅動電壓。
上述介電常數修飾劑的化學結構如化學式IV所示，其中A為F或CN，B為F或H。在液晶組成中加入介電常數修飾劑之後，可增加液晶組成的整體介電常數，以有效地減少形成液晶透鏡所需之驅動電壓。
例如，當A為-CN且B為F時，介電常數修飾劑的介電常數約為69。例如，當所獲得之液晶透鏡的焦距相同時，沒有添加介電常數修飾劑所需之驅動電壓為60-70 V，添加了10重量份之介電常數修飾劑所需之驅動電壓為30- 40 V。
立體顯示器
接下來，請參照第1圖，其係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種立體顯示器之結構剖面示意圖。在第1圖中，立體顯示器100具有第一基板110、至少一正電極130、至少一負電極120、液晶層150與第二基板140。
負電極120與正電極130皆設置於第一基板110的內側表面，且負電極120與正電極130間具有一間距d1。當通上電後，負電極120與正電極130間會形成橫跨此間距d1的水平電場160。液晶層150則位於第一基板110與第二基板140之間，而第二基板140上不再設置其他電極。
於負電極120與正電極130生成之水平電場160的強度分佈係呈拋物線分佈，也就是越靠近負電極120或正電極130處之電場強度越大，而位於負電極120與正電極130間正中央處之電場強度最小。因此位於負電極120與正電極130間之原以球狀排列的液晶分子團150b，因所處位置不同而會受到大小不同的電場擠壓，而形成胖瘦不一之棒狀排列的液晶分子團150b，使液晶分子團150b的柯爾常數產生漸進式的變化。因此，液晶分子團150b也開始產生雙折射率的變化，而形成液晶透鏡。但是，位於負電極120或正電極130上方之液晶分子團150a則因為沒有水平電場160的作用，因此始終保持球狀排列的型態。
因此，當負電極120與正電極130通電時，則可製造出水平電場，讓光學等向性之液晶層150轉變成液晶透 鏡，讓立體顯示器100顯示裸眼可視之三維立體畫面。當負電極120與正電極130斷電時，液晶層150又恢復為光學等向性，此時立體顯示器則顯示二維平面畫面。
除此之外，還可以藉由控制施加在負電極120與正電極130上電壓的大小，來控制水平電場的曲率大小，而得以控制液晶透鏡的焦距長短。因此，可藉由對不同正負電極對施加不同電壓，來達到改變三維立體顯示畫面視角數目與解析度的目的。一般來說，三維立體顯示畫面的視角數目越少，則解析度越大。反之，三維立體顯示畫面的視角數目越多，則解析度越小。
請參照第2圖，其係繪示依照本發明另一實施方式的一種立體顯示器之結構剖面示意圖。在第2圖中，立體顯示器200包含第一基板210、負電極層220、介電層225、多個正電極230、液晶層250與第二基板240。上述之負電極層220與介電層225依序配置於第一基板210之內側表面上，而上述之正電極230配置於介電層225上。這些正電極230彼此間隔一間距d2，當通電後，可讓正電極230與負電極220層間形成橫跨這些間距d2之水平電場260。液晶層250的組成如上述，且配置於第一基板210與第二基板240之間，而第二基板240上不再設置其他電極。
在第2圖中，由於也產生類似第1圖之水平電場260，因此不再贅述後續之水平電場260與液晶分子團250b之間的作用以及對三維立體顯示畫面的影響。
根據上述之實施方式可知，在所提供之具有光學等向性之液晶組成以及可產生水平電場之立體顯示器的合作下，不僅可以讓顯示畫面在二維平面與三維立體之間切 換，還可以自由改變液晶透鏡的焦距，以自由改變三維立體顯示畫面的視角數目與解析度。
雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100、200‧‧‧立體顯示器
110、210‧‧‧第一基板
120、220‧‧‧負電極
130、230‧‧‧正電極
140、240‧‧‧第二基板
150、250‧‧‧液晶層
150a、150b、250a、250b‧‧‧液晶分子團
160、260‧‧‧水平電場
225‧‧‧介電層
d1、d2‧‧‧間距
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之說明如下：第1圖是繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種立體顯示器之結構剖面示意圖。
第2圖係繪示依照本發明另一實施方式的一種立體顯示器之結構剖面示意圖。
100‧‧‧立體顯示器
110‧‧‧第一基板
120‧‧‧負電極
130‧‧‧正電極
140‧‧‧第二基板
150‧‧‧液晶層
150a、150b‧‧‧液晶分子團
160‧‧‧水平電場
d1‧‧‧間距

Claims (5)

  1. 一種用以形成液晶透鏡之液晶組成，該液晶組成包含：一主體液晶，其化學結構如化學式I所示，其中R為直鏈Cn H2n+1 且n=3-9，X為剛硬連結基以讓相鄰苯環無法自由互相旋轉，Y為CN或F，該主體液晶的含量為100重量份； 一第一光學修飾劑，其化學結構如化學式II所示，該第一光學修飾劑的含量為50-80重量份； 一第二光學修飾劑，其化學結構如化學式III所示，該第一光學修飾劑的含量為5-20重量份；以及 一介電常數修飾劑，其化學結構如化學式IV所示，其中A為F或CN，B為F或H，該介電常數修飾劑的含量 為5-50重量份。
  2. 如請求項1所述之液晶組成，其中該主體液晶之剛硬連結基X包含-C=C-、-C≡C-、-COO-或-N=N-官能基。
  3. 如請求項1所述之液晶組成，其中該化學式IV中之A為-CN，B為F。
  4. 一種立體顯示器，包含：一第一基板，具有一表面；至少一正電極，位於該第一基板之該表面上；至少一負電極，位於該第一基板之該表面上，並與該正電極間隔一間距，以在該正電極與該負電極之間形成橫跨該間距的一水平電場；一液晶層，配置於該第一基板之該表面上，該液晶層的液晶組成如請求項1、2或3所述；以及一第二基板，配置於該液晶層上，該第二基板沒有配置任何電極。
  5. 一種立體顯示器，包含： 一第一基板；一負電極層，配置於該第一基板之上一介電層，配置於該負電極層之上；複數個正電極，以一間距配置於該介電層之上，以讓該些正電極與該負電極層之間形成橫跨該些間距之複數個水平電場；一液晶層，配置於該些正電極之上，該液晶層的液晶組成如請求項1、2或3所述；以及一第二基板，配置於該液晶層上，該第二基板沒有配置任何電極。
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