TWI462321B - 封裝光電組件之方法 - Google Patents
封裝光電組件之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI462321B TWI462321B TW098115990A TW98115990A TWI462321B TW I462321 B TWI462321 B TW I462321B TW 098115990 A TW098115990 A TW 098115990A TW 98115990 A TW98115990 A TW 98115990A TW I462321 B TWI462321 B TW I462321B
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- layer
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- blowing agent
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Classifications
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Description
本發明係關於封裝光電組件之方法。
名詞”光電(optoelectronics)”(有時亦稱為optronics或optontronics)係源自於光學(optics)及微電子學(microelectronics),在廣義來講係囊括了所有可將電所產生之資料及能量轉換成為發射光的製品及加工,且反之亦然。其背景係為了例如將電子資料編輯及處理之優點,與光的快速且不受電磁及靜電干擾之寬頻傳輸能力之優點加以組合。同時,該名詞亦包括基於電子半導體技術之電能變成光之轉換,且反之亦然。
光電組件係作用為電子組件及光學組件間之介面的組件、或其他包括此種組件之裝置。該名詞通常表示(但非排他的)基於半導體作用之微電子組件。光電組件可依據它們的作用分為幾組:
‧ 雷射二極體
‧ 光電制動器
其包括所有由電流產生光之半導體零件,即雷射半導體與發光半導體。
‧ 光電偵測器
其係與制動器相反之零件,即光電阻器、光電二極體(包括太陽電池)及光電晶體。光電倍增器同樣亦包括在光電子學(optoelectronics)中。
其中制動器與感應器係以系統操作,結果為光學感應器,稱之為光感應器。
光電組件中的主要部位為處理稱為光電伏特模組的部位。
光電伏特被理解為使用太陽電池將輻射能(主要為太陽能)轉換為電能。
太陽電池有各種實施例。最廣泛的為厚層矽電池,其不是單晶電池(c-Si)就是多晶電池(mc-Si)形式。變的越來越廣泛有非晶質矽(a-Si)、GaAs、CdTe、CiS-、CIGS,及有機太陽電池與染料電池的薄膜電池。
為了能量回收之目的,太陽電池通常連結形成大型太陽能模組。為了這個目的,電池係以正面及背面上的導電軌道串連連結。結果使各增加的電池累積電壓。
太陽能模組製造完成後光學活化側大多為朝下。首先為對應之玻璃,其通常為低鐵質、經調節的厚度為3至4mm之玻璃,其在350至1150nm具有非常低之吸收,係已清潔且平放好。其上為剪裁至符合尺寸的(cut-to-size)EVA薄膜片。太陽電池係藉由焊料帶(solder ribbon)接合形成獨立的股(strands)(稱為弦(strings)),並定位於具有EVA薄膜之玻璃幕上。接著將獨立的弦彼此連接並導至連接插槽位置的內連線(interconnects)定位並焊接。接下來整個以剪裁至符合尺寸的EVA薄膜及Tedlar(聚氟乙烯)薄膜覆蓋。製造的下一步驟為在減壓下並在約150℃積層模組。在積層階段,該EVA薄膜(其在該時點為白濁的)轉變為無法再被熔化之澄清、三維交聯的塑膠層,而該電池接著被嵌入此層,而該層係穩固的連結至玻璃幕及後側薄膜。在積層之後修整邊緣、接著接上連結插座。該模組接著架框、接受處理,依據其電氣價值分類,接著包裝。
積層作業係非常耗時且能量密集性的,通常係在150℃之溫度實施10至20分鐘。為了明顯的加速積層,時至今日在市面上還未見到有成功者。
WO94/22172A1提出以輥積層機取代慣用的板積層機。
JP09312410A1敘述熱塑性聚胺酯之使用。
EP1302988A1敘述一種藉由脂族熱塑性聚胺酯,在具有低水蒸氣滲透性之二基材間封裝及線連接太陽電池之方法。
在所陳述之說明書中所揭露的所有加工之特徵為配線的太陽電池(在某些情況為200至400μm厚),為了確保可靠的封裝,必須先以緩慢的加工封裝。
光電組件經常必須被保護免於水蒸氣及氧的進入,且為了抑制或防止組件本身的劣化或其接觸亦以機械的保護。
本發明的目標為提供封裝光電組件之可靠且快速之方法,其可使用已存在的加工及原料實施,沒有風險及高成本的投資。
此目標係藉由獨立項所詳述之方法而達成。依附項敘述本發明之有利實施例。
本發明據此提供一種封裝光電組件之方法,其係將待封裝之組件嵌入第一透明聚合物層及填充有未活化發泡劑的第二聚合物層之間,接著活化該發泡劑,使二聚合物層彼此接合,具體而言係二者密切接合,而使該組件被封入該二聚合物層間。
名詞”密切接合”在本發明中應理解為表示該等聚合物層係不可分離地彼此連結,或者它們只能以破壞所得到的結構來不可逆的分離。
熟習本項技藝者當然會以使組件的光學活性側位於透明聚合物層下方之方式選擇光電組件之位置。
透明聚合物層對350至1150nm之波長較佳具有大於60%之透光率,更具體而言具有大於90%之透光率。透光率(通常以%表示)為輸出光自光所穿過之物體的前面入射、到達相反側時之比率。透光率係被反射率及吸收率減低。下式因此為:透光率=(1-反射率)×(1-吸收率)。
聚合物層可為可熱活化層、在施壓下微黏之層、或在施壓且沒有加溫下強力黏著之層中任一形式。
第一透明聚合物層之適當的起始材料係與第二聚合物層同樣的聚合物,該第二聚合物層係特別拌入未膨脹但可膨脹之微氣球(microballoon)。
除了傳統的聚合物例如EVA(例如DuPont之Elvax)、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸(例如DuPont之Surlyn)、TPU(Bayer之Desmopan)及PVB(例如DuPont之Butacite),亦可使用丙烯酸酯、聚矽氧橡膠、PIB、及苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。
在本發明之進一步實施例,該聚合物層係由以聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)為基礎之黏著劑構成,其乙酸乙烯酯之比率為10重量%至90重量%,且依據ISO 1133(A/4)在190℃及2.16kg之熔融指數MFI為0.5至25g/10min。
除了基於EVA之系統,基於PIB及SBC之系統由於組合了非常高的黏結強度及非常低的水蒸氣滲透性亦同樣傑出適當。
在一具體實施例,黏著劑係基於聚異丁烯作為基礎聚合物。為了給予黏著劑需要的黏性,其係與樹脂混合。中分子量聚異丁烯及高分子量聚異丁烯之混合物係用作為彈性體。以現今最大抗切強度的版本,據信可適當的採用具有40000之平均分子量Mw之等級作為中分子量之聚異丁烯組分,其係可大量得自BASF SE公司市售之商品名“Oppanol B10”,及採用具有2600000之平均分子量之等級作為高分子量之聚異丁烯組分,其係可大量得自商品名“Oppanol B150”。
用於聚合物層之黏著劑較佳為壓敏性黏著劑,更進一步,黏著劑為以由乙烯芳香族形成之聚合物嵌段(A嵌段)(例如苯乙烯)、由1,3-二烯聚合之聚合物嵌段(B嵌段)(例如丁二烯及異戊二烯)之嵌段共聚物,或此二者之共聚物為基礎。亦可使用不同嵌段共聚物之混合物。亦可使用部分或完全氫化之製品。
該嵌段共聚物可具有線形A-B-A結構。其係可使用輻狀之嵌段共聚物,及亦可為星形與線形多嵌段共聚物。使用A-B二嵌段共聚物作為進一步的組分,在全部彈性體之比例中二嵌段共聚物的分率為至少50%。較佳為使用具有聚苯乙烯含量大於20重量%之嵌段共聚物。
一般嵌段共聚物所使用之濃度係在30重量%至70重量%之濃度範圍,更具體而言係在35重量%及55重量%之間的範圍。
聚合物層之黏著劑可被化學交聯,更具體來說係藉由輻射(例如UV照射)或藉由照射快速電子(rapid electrons)。
為了補充所期望之性質,該黏著劑可與一種以上黏著劑摻雜,例如賦黏樹脂、塑化劑、老化抑制劑或填料。
賦黏樹脂,用於提高黏著劑之黏著性質,係例如烴樹脂(例如由不飽和C5
及/或C9
單體所形成者)、雙環戊二烯之氫化聚合物、萜-酚醛樹脂、由例如α-或β-蒎烯之原料形成之萜樹脂、芳香族樹脂(例如香豆酮-茚樹脂)或由苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯形成之樹脂,較佳為基於松脂的未氫化、部份或完全氫化之樹脂及其衍生物,例如歧化、二聚化或酯化樹脂,酯化反應可使用乙二醇、甘油或新戊四醇,或其他記載於Ullmann'
sder technischen Chemie,第12冊,第525至555頁(第4版)Weinheim。特別適合者為對老化安定、無烯鍵之樹脂,例如氫化樹脂。特佳為使用基於α-蒎烯及/或β-蒎烯及/或δ-薴之聚萜樹脂。前述之賦黏樹脂可單獨或混合使用。
塑化劑,其係選用的,為例如脂族、環脂族及芳香族礦油;酞酸、苯三甲酸或己二酸之二酯或聚酯;聚醚、及液態橡膠(例如腈橡膠或聚異戊二烯橡膠)、丁烯及/或異丁烯之液態聚合物、丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醚、基於賦黏樹脂之原料的液態樹脂及塑化樹脂、羊毛蠟及其他蠟、或液態聚矽氧。
為了製造對UV之影響更有抗性之黏著劑,可加入光安定劑。其功能主要為預防黏著劑之分解。特別適合黏著劑者為HALS光穩定劑,例如丁二酸二甲酯聚合物與4-羥基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇(CAS No.65447-77-0),雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯(CAS No.52829-07-9)或聚{[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)胺基]1,3,5-三-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基]伸己基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基]}(CAS No.70624-18-9)。
一般可使用之其他添加劑如下:
‧ 一級抗氧化劑,例如立體位阻酚
‧ 二級抗氧化劑,例如亞磷酸酯或硫醚
‧ 加工穩定劑,例如C-自由基捕獲劑
‧ 光安定劑,例如UV吸收劑或立體位阻胺
‧ 加工助劑
‧ 末端嵌段強化樹脂,及
‧ 若需要,其他聚合物,較佳為天生為彈性體者;因此,在其他的彈性體中可使用的包括基於純烴者(例如不飽和聚二烯,例如天然或合成聚異戊二烯或聚丁二烯)、具有實質上化學飽和之彈性體(例如乙烯-丙烯共聚物、α-烯烴共聚物、聚異丁烯、丁基橡膠、乙烯-丙烯橡膠)、及化學官能化烴(例如含鹵素、含丙烯酸酯或含乙烯醚之聚烯烴)等。
於進一步之較佳具體例中,聚合物層係由丙烯酸酯所構成,其特徵為高老化安定性、非常高之鍵值及低吸收率。
較佳為黏著劑係基於丙烯酸酯聚合物或聚乙烯-乙烯乙酸酯聚合物。
丙烯酸酯分散液為已知的,且係大量用於膠帶黏著劑與標籤黏著劑。丙烯酸酯分散液係包括丙烯酸酯聚合物粒子,其係分散於分散液之水溶液相。丙烯酸酯分散液一般於水性介質中藉由聚合適當單體而製備。製備製程可包括批次操作或再聚合期間計量添加一或多種組分。在批次製程的情況,所有需要的組分在一開始注入的同時就包括在內。
丙烯酸酯分散液之性質及對應的黏著劑之性質主要係決定在單體的選擇及所到達的分子量。主要的單體為丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯及丙烯酸。適當的單體單元係敘述於”Acrylic Adhesives”,Donatas Satas in Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,第2版,Donatas Satas編輯,Van Norstrand Reinhold New York,第396至456頁。
具體而言,所使用的丙烯酸酯分散液含有[以重量%計]
0%至10%丙烯酸單元
0%至100%丙烯酸正丁酯單元
0%至100%丙烯酸2-乙基己酯單元
於一較佳具體例中,丙烯酸分散液係使用0.5重量%至3重量%之丙烯酸單元。於另一較佳具體例中,丙烯酸酯分散液係使用0.5重量%至3重量%之丙烯酸單元,及99.5重量%至90重量%、較佳為99.5重量%至96重量%之丙烯酸正丁酯單元。本發明之丙烯酸酯分散液的其它實例為具有80重量%至90重量%之丙烯酸2-乙基己酯單元、及8至20重量%之丙烯酸正丁酯單元。
丙烯酸酯分散液可額外包括其他聚合物單元,藉此其可例如控制玻璃轉移溫度及交聯性。實例為丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲基乙酯、順丁烯二酸酐、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯酸環氧丙酯、丙烯酸異丙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸異丁酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、及此等丙烯酸酯之對應的甲基丙烯酸酯。丙烯酸酯分散液一般含有0重量%至10重量%之此等額外單體單元;係使用單獨一種額外之單體單元或其混合物。
所得到的玻璃轉移溫度取決於所使用的單體。用於本發明之黏著劑的丙烯酸酯分散液,更具體而言在乾燥狀態具有在-80℃及-15℃之間的丙烯酸酯分散液,較佳為在-75℃及-25℃之間,更佳為在-55℃及-35℃之間。
丙烯酸分散液之固體含量更具體而言係在30重量%及70重量%之間,較佳為在45重量%及60重量%之間。
實例包括得自Rohm&Haas公司之Primal PS 83d及Primal Ps 90丙烯酸酯分散液。
若需要,分散劑可包括其他添加劑。適當的交聯劑為環氧樹脂、胺衍生物(例如六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺)、及/或胺的縮合產物(例如三聚氰胺)、或脲與醛的縮合產物(例如甲醛)。為了得到非黏性之聚丙烯酸酯分散液,已發現可適當加入進一步的化合物與例如聚合物之羧基反應為有利的。實例為氮,例如伸乙亞胺及伸丙亞胺。
黏著劑可包括其他組分。例如樹脂、塑化劑、染料、消泡劑及增黏劑,及用來設定所期望之流變性質的其他輔劑。丙烯酸酯分散液之改質為已知的,並敘述於例如“Modification of Acrylic Dispersions”,Alexander Zettl in Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,第二版,Donatas Satas編輯,Van Nostrand Reinhold New York,第457至493頁。
水性樹脂分散液,即樹脂在水中的分散液,為已知的。製備及性質係敘述於例如“Resin Dispersions”,Anne Z. Casey in Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,第二版,Donatas Satas編輯,Van Nostrand Reinhold New York,第545至566頁。
烴樹脂及改質烴樹脂之樹脂分散液同樣為已知的,並可得自例如Hercules BV公司之商標名Tacolyn(例如:Tacolyn 4177)。
適當的樹脂分散液為基於具有軟化點在50℃及100℃之間的烴樹脂及改質烴樹脂。黏著劑可包括例如5重量%至28重量%之樹脂分散液。樹脂分散液的固體含量一般在40重量%及70重量%之間。
黏著劑可與基於不同烴樹脂之混合物的樹脂分散液相混,亦或與基於烴樹脂與其他樹脂之混合物相混。可為例如烴樹脂與少量基於松脂或改質松脂之樹脂或酚醛樹脂、其他天然樹脂、樹脂酯、樹脂酸的混合物。
黏著劑亦可與塑化組分相混,例如塑性樹脂、液態樹脂、油或其他已知組分,例如烷氧化烷基酚。烷氧化烷基酚為已知的,並敘述於例如US4,277,387A及EP0006571A。使用烷氧化烷基酚作為塑化劑已於參考文獻中提出,包括“Modification of Acrylic Dispersions”,Alexander Zettl in Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Adhesive Technology,第二版,Donatas Satas編輯,Van Reinhold New York,第471頁。
烷氧化烷基酚之性質係由烷基基團決定,且主要係藉由聚二醇醚鏈之架構而決定。至於製備,其可使用環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷二者。在一具體實施例中係使用丙氧化烷基酚。較佳為使用水不溶性烷氧化烷基酚。更佳為具有沸點大於100℃、較佳為大於130℃、更佳為大於200℃之烷氧化烷基酚。
可藉由使用交聯劑來最佳化黏著劑,以求取更大的抗切強度。對於熟習本技藝者交聯劑的選擇及份量係已知的。用於丙烯酸酯分散液之交聯劑為大致上為已知的,並敘述於例如“Acrylic Adhesives”,Donatas Satas in Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,第2版,Donatas Satas編輯,Van Norstrand Reinhold New York,第411至419頁。
基於異氰酸酯之交聯劑大致上為合適的,但考慮到有限的適用期及增加的成本與工作場所相關安全之複雜性,係較不佳的。異氰酸酯系交聯劑的實例為Basonat F DS 3425 X(BASF)。
較佳為無異氰酸酯之交聯劑,例如基於多官能性金屬之鹽。此等交聯劑大致上為已知的,並敘述於例如US3,740,366A、US3,900,610A、US3,770,780A及US3,790,553A。特別適當的交聯劑為基於鋅錯合物者,其係能夠與羧基形成共價及/或錯合物型鍵結。
另一種證實為適當的黏著劑係具有至少20之K值、具體而言係大於30之K值的丙烯酸酯熱熔膠(hotmelt),其係得自濃縮此種黏著劑之溶液而得到一個可作為熱熔膠之系統。
濃縮可在適當之配備的槽或擠壓機進行;具體而言在伴隨著除氣的情況,較佳為除氣擠壓機。
一種這樣的黏著劑敘述於DE4313008A1,其內容以引用方式倂入本文以成為本揭示及發明的一部份。在中間階段,溶劑係完全自以此種方式製備之丙烯酸酯組成物移除。
此外,在此程序之過程中,進一步移除揮發組分。自熔融塗布之後,此等組成物僅具有少量揮發組分。因此可採用上述引用之專利案中所聲請之全部單體/公式。其所說明的組成物之進一步的優點可發現在其具有高K值,且因此具有高分子量。熟習本技藝者知道,具有高分子量之系統可更有效的交聯。並在揮發組分的比例有相對的降低。組成物的溶液可含5重量%至80重量%、更具體而言為30重量%至70重量%之溶劑。
較佳為使用市售溶劑,特別是低沸點的烴、酮、醇及或酯。
而進一步較佳為使用具有一個或,具體而言,二個以上除氣單元之單螺桿、雙螺桿或多螺桿擠壓機。
在丙烯酸酯熱熔膠系黏著劑中共聚合的亦可為苯偶因衍生物(例如丙烯酸苯偶因酯或甲基丙烯酸苯偶因酯)、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯。此種苯偶因衍生物係敘述於EP0578151A1。或者,丙烯酸酯熱熔膠系黏著劑可被化學交聯。在一特佳實施例,所使用的自黏性組成物係(甲基)丙烯酸與其具有1至25個C原子之酯、馬來酸、富馬酸及/或伊康酸及/或其酯、經取代之(甲基)丙烯醯胺、馬來酸酐、及其他乙烯化合物(例如乙烯酯(特別是乙酸乙烯酯)、乙烯醇及/或乙烯醚)。
殘餘的溶劑含量應低於1重量%。
對於封裝組件之應用的領域,其包括特別高溫的負荷,而聚矽氧橡膠由於其傑出的性質係特別合適的。除了高UV抗性及臭氧抗性,具體而言,其組合了高溫抗性、彈性及對衝擊與振動顯著的阻抗等功能。此外,長期在-25℃至260℃之溫度負荷對聚矽氧橡膠的物理性質沒有負面影響。
至於壓敏性聚矽氧黏著劑,其特佳不僅可使用下列由矽酸鹽樹脂及聚二甲基矽氧烷或聚二苯基矽氧烷所組成的縮合交聯系統:Dow Corning之DC 280、DC282、Q2-7735、DC 7358、Q2-7406;GE Bayer Silicones之PSA 750、PSA 518、PSA910;ShinEtsu之KRT 001、KRT 002、KRT 003;Wacker Silicones之PSA 45559;及Rhodia之PSA 400;亦可較佳使用下列由矽酸鹽樹脂及聚二甲基矽氧烷或聚二苯基矽氧烷及交聯劑(交聯劑物質,特別是官能化氫矽烷)所組成的加成交聯系統:Dow Corning之DC 7657、DC 2013;GE Bayer Silicones之PSA 6574;ShinEtsu之KR 3700及KR 3701。
為了給予聚合物層更大的強度,亦經常在安裝完所有光電伏特模組所需要的組件後,合理的進行熱交聯。特別適合用於熱交聯者為過氧化物,例如Pennwalt Corp,Luccidol Division之Lupersol。
透明聚合物層及第二聚合物層可以平滑或拉絨片產物之型式出現。在另一實施例中,兩個聚合物層(特別在10至500μm之低層厚度)係設置於輔助載體上。輔助載體可為經雙面抗黏塗布之材料,例如離型紙或離型膜(亦稱為襯墊(liner)),並係在施用之後移除。其不會形成所得到的積層體的一部份。
以發泡劑填充之第二聚合物層較佳在發泡後具有小於900kg/m3
之密度,更具體而言係小於700kg/m3
。
在本發明之一有利實施例中,發泡劑包括稱為微氣球之由封入吹劑之聚合物膜所構成之微球。
第二聚合物層中此等微氣球之比例較佳為在0.5重量%及20重量%之間,更佳在2重量%及12重量%之間。
微氣球為彈性中空球,其具有熱塑性聚合物殼體。此等球係填充有低沸點液體或液化氣體。至於殼體材料,具體而言係使用聚丙烯腈、PVDC、PVC或聚丙烯酸酯。具體而言,適當的低沸點液體為低級烷烴(例如異丁烯或異戊烷),其係在壓力下以液化氣體之形式封入聚合物殼體。
對微氣球之作用,特別是熱的作用,在一方面具有軟化外層聚合物殼體之效果,同時位於殼體中的液態噴射氣體進行轉變為其氣態。在此過程中,微氣球不可逆且三維的膨脹,膨脹係到內壓等於外壓時停止。由於聚合殼體保持未受損傷,可以此方式得到封胞泡沫(closed-cell foam)。
市面上可得到許多樣式的微氣球,例如Akzo Nobel之Expancel DU(乾燥未膨脹)型,其主要差別在其尺寸(在未膨脹狀態下直徑為6至45μm)及膨脹所需的起始溫度(75℃至220℃)。當微氣球的樣式及/或發泡溫度符合調配組成物所需之機器參數及溫度曲線,組成物的調配與發泡可在一步驟中同時進行。
此外,較適當為未膨脹之微氣球之類型為具有固體分率或微氣球分率為約40重量%至45重量%之水溶液分散液之形式、及具有約65重量%之微氣球濃度之附著於聚合物(例如在乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯上)之微氣球(母液)之形式。不僅微氣球分散液,同樣的母液(例如DU產物),為適合依照本發明所用之方法的發泡黏著劑。
依據本發明進一步較佳實施例,在第一聚合物層的空側(free side)外及/或第二聚合物層的空側外係具有至少一層附加層,其較佳在37.8℃及90%相對溼度具有小於200g/m2
/24h的水蒸氣滲透性,及在23℃及50%相對溼度具有小於20cm3
/m2
/24h的氧滲透性。此等層因此對封裝組件提供進一步的保護。
一適當的透明層為玻璃,更具體而言低鐵質、經調節的白色玻璃,但具有低水蒸氣滲透性或水蒸氣滲透之UV安定且耐候性安定之聚合物薄膜同樣適合。
“滲透”係表示物質(滲透物)移動或穿透固體之過程。其驅動力為濃度梯度。”滲透性”係由滲透處理測試。
滲透係藉由例如氣體沖洗法測量。
薄膜(film)及膜(membrane)可以任何想要的氣體及所有種類的液體來測試其滲透性。用於氣體測量之技術全部包括以被膜隔開之中心模組進行下述測試:於進料側,測量槽係溢流著測試氣體,而殘留的滯留物予以移除。從沖洗氣體送出到達另一側的氣體之總量(滲透物)係到達測量濃度之偵測器。槽的上方及底部環繞著中心的膜。樣品上安裝O環以密封該介面。此種槽通常以金屬製造,例如不鏽鋼。
適合作為第二聚合物層上之非透明層者為玻璃或具有低水蒸氣滲透性的UV-安定且耐候性安定之薄膜,例如DuPont之Tedlarfolie。
同樣適合為包括一種薄膜區段的薄膜,具體而言該區段係由聚酯的聚合薄膜所形成,且包括一種金屬部分,具體而言其係由鋁的金屬層所形成,係施用於薄膜部分,而黏著劑係塗布於金屬層的暴露側。
此處的金屬層之作用係作為障壁層,並用以確保促進腐蝕之物質例如水、水蒸氣、氧、二氧化硫、及二氧化碳遠離所欲保護的製品(特別是片狀功能層)。
在本發明一較佳的第一實施例,金屬層係具有10nm至50μm之厚度,更具體而言係12至25μm。
金屬層施用於薄膜部份係藉由例如氣相沉積,換言之係在減壓下藉由熱蒸發將其塗布於聚合薄膜上(電學上之塗布係以電子束,藉由陰極濺鍍或線爆(wire explosion),其可適當的以雷射束協助)。
聚合物膜較佳為使用聚酯。
除了聚酯薄膜之外,同樣具有傑出性質的薄膜為由例如下述所製成的薄膜:PU、PP、PE、PVC、PVDC、PEN、PAN、EVOH及PA、具奈米複合結構之PA。
具奈米複合結構之PA包括以葉矽酸鹽(phyllosilicate)填充之PA。此等粒子具有類似滑石之小板型(platelet-shaped)結構。相較於滑石,其粒徑明顯更小(奈米範圍)。此等粒子在擠壓時被配向並形成層狀結構。此等粒子本身與玻璃類似,係完全無法讓氣體通過。氣體被妨礙而無法穿過薄膜,藉此產生了提升的障壁效果。該層結構形成一種氣體及氣味必須通過的迷宮。而由於其小粒徑,薄膜的光學性質係不受影響。
關於聚合薄膜,薄膜較佳為10μm至160μm厚。
在本發明進一步較佳的實施例,該薄膜部分是由聚合薄膜的積層體所構成,較佳為聚酯薄膜及聚烯烴薄膜的積層體構成,較佳為聚烯烴薄膜具有金屬層。
聚合薄膜係使用黏結劑(積層樹脂)黏結,例如環氧樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、熱塑性塑膠等。
較佳為聚酯薄膜係10μm至40μm厚,及聚烯烴薄膜係20μm至120μm厚。
此外,其可使用三層或多層積層體而不會偏離本發明之範疇。
更且,在鋁箔核心周圍之對稱的積層體結構係在施用時為有利的。
因此,在金屬層及黏著劑間若有第二薄膜部分係有利的。
較佳為兩薄膜部分為由相同的聚合薄膜所構成的情形,更佳為第二箔部分同樣為聚酯薄膜及聚烯烴薄膜的積層體;又,具體而言,聚烯烴薄膜係支撐金屬層。
第1圖表示一較佳實施例中之密封系統的結構。第二聚合物層4(其係填充有未活化發泡劑,在此時係為未膨脹為氣球)係設置於表層5之形式的額外層(聚合薄膜)上。設置於第二聚合物層4上的待封裝之製品3(太陽電池)。此密封系統係藉由第一透明聚合物層2(其係依序設置於透明表層1之形式的額外層上)而完成。太陽電池的光學活性側因此僅被透明層覆蓋。
第2圖表示密封發生後的密封系統。二聚合物層2及6彼此密切接合,而在第二聚合物層6之微氣球已完成膨脹。以此方式,此聚合物層快速且確實完整的在待封裝之製品周圍流動,使太陽電池間的所有縫隙被填滿。
此兩聚合物層用來固定光電組件並形成兩基材,其係作為對水蒸氣及氧的障壁。
像這樣,將待封裝之組件嵌入第一透明聚合物層及經填充的聚合物層間,然後活化發泡劑,使二聚合物層彼此密切接合,而使該組件密封於二聚合物層間。
對於熟習本技藝者無法預見的是發泡及未發泡聚合物層間的連接系如此穩固,而可確保可靠的組件之封裝。封裝步驟係夠快,使待封裝組件在封裝期間沒有偏移,而不再需要藉由輔助膠帶之固定。
此外,由於幾乎沒有任何聚合物露出邊緣,亦不需要在積層後修整邊緣之工序。
值得一提的是,固定胞結構微氣球發泡聚合物層及(自)黏著劑為具有一致的尺寸分布之固定胞結構的泡沫胞。其為沒有空洞之封胞微泡沫,相較於開放胞(open-cell),其替敏感性物品提供較佳的密封以防備塵土及液態介質。
由於其可撓的熱塑性聚合物殼體,相較於填充無法膨脹、非聚合中空微球(中空玻璃珠),此種泡沫具有較大的均覆性。相較於一般所使用的方式,例如注入塑造,它們更適合補償製造之公差,及考慮到其發泡特性,其亦對補償熱應變較佳。
更且,經由聚合物殼體之熱塑性樹脂的選擇,可進一步影響泡沫的機械性質。因此,例如即便該泡沫具有比基質還低之密度,相較於單獨聚合物基材,其可具有較高的黏著強度。因此,PSA泡沫之一般的泡沫性質,例如對粗基材的均覆性,可與高黏著強度組合。
相反的,傳統的化學或物理發泡材料在加壓及加溫下係更為敏感而不可逆的崩塌。而黏著強度較低。
因此,提供大量優點之方法之較佳實施例迄今無法為熟習本技藝者推知。
於該方法之一可行實施例,第一圖所示的層係排列在另一層上。此排列係於壓機中施壓,較佳在160℃及/或無加壓。施壓可任選的在減壓下進行。於壓機中,發泡劑係受激發泡,而使二聚合物層彼此密切接合,並將組件密封於二聚合物層間。
第3至5圖顯示本發明使用輥層合機之方法的步驟。
於第一步驟(第3圖),首先,將透明聚合物層2置放於透明表層1上,層2接著配置輔助載體7。接著以夾輥進行積層。
此製得的三層製品(組裝物A)可以捲曲或儲存,或者可
直接供應接續的進一步加工。
輔助載體7係在密封前移除,其不會成為所得到的密封系統的一部份。
第4圖顯示透明表層1上的第一透明聚合物層2(B,依照第3圖製備之組裝物A,移除輔助載體7之後)、負載於該透明聚合物層2上之待封裝的組件3(具體而言係負載於覆蓋透明表層1之相反側)、及進一步的表層5上之填充了未活化發泡劑(微氣球)之第二聚合物層4如何進入輥層壓機之夾輥。透明表層1及進一步的表層5直接被輥壓過。
微氣球於輥層壓機的夾輥發泡,使兩聚合物層2及6彼此密切接合,並將組件3封入兩聚合物層2及6間。
前述之層在輥積層機加工時的速率較佳為0.1m/min至3m/min、更佳為0.2m/min至1m/min。輥的溫度為160℃;上方可動輥對下方固定輥施壓,對滾輪造成的壓力為2bar。輥為軟橡膠輥。
第5圖顯示透明表層1上的透明第一透明聚合物層2(依據第3圖所製成,移除輔助載體7之後)、待封裝組件3、及進一步的表層5上之填充了未活化發泡劑之第二聚合物層4如何進入輥層壓機之夾輥,透明表層1及進一步的表層5直接被輥壓過,而待封裝之組件3被導入到兩聚合物層2及4之間。
微氣球於輥層壓機的夾輥發泡,使兩聚合物層2及6彼此密切接合,並將組件3封入兩聚合物層2及6間。
前述之層在輥積層機加工時的速率較佳為0.1m/min至3m/min、更佳為0.2m/min至1m/min。輥的溫度為160℃;
上方可動輥對下方固定輥施壓,對滾輪造成的壓力為2bar。輥為軟橡膠輥。
本發明參照實例更詳述於下,但非欲以任何形式限制本發明。
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯系聚合物:含有45重量%乙酸乙烯酯之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡膠“Levamelt 456”
實驗程序及實驗結構示於第6圖。
該密封系統係由下列層組成:
˙3mm玻璃板(1a)
˙100g/m2
第一透明聚合物層(2a)
˙待封裝製品,高度985μm(3a)
˙550g/m2
填充微氣球之第二聚合物層(4a)
˙表層PET/PP/Al/PP/PET,厚度142μm(5a)
第一透明聚合物層2a係由Levamelt 456組成,在甲苯中具有40重量%之固體含量,其係在試驗室以常用的攪拌裝置製備,接著使用刮刀以100g/m2
之塗布重量塗布於抗黏襯墊。接著將此聚合物層2a移至3mm厚之玻璃板1a。
高度985μm之待封裝製品3a接著固定至此微黏的聚合物層2a,接著將填充了微氣球之第二聚合物層4a積層於其上。
此填充了微氣球之聚合物層4a係由98重量%Levamelt 456及2重量%Expancel 051 DU 40(得自Akzo Nobel之微氣
球)構成,於甲苯中具有40重量%的固體含量,同樣係在實驗室中以攪拌裝置製備,接著以550g/m2
之塗布重量塗布於以PET/PP/Alu/PP/PET之順序積層了5層之薄膜(得自Nordenia),其在37.8℃及90%之相對溼度具有小於0.005g/m2
/24h之水蒸氣滲透性,及在23℃及50%之相對溼度具有小於0.005g/m2
/24h之氧滲透性,該積層薄膜同時係作為表層5a。
以此方式製成之實驗樣品為了開始微氣球的發泡並藉此將待封裝之製品封入及密封,接著藉由傳統按壓加熱(施加之壓力接近0bar)。
在預試中發現1.5min之滯留時間或按壓時間及160℃之溫度為最佳的溫度參數及發泡參數(換言之,為最大發泡速率),並藉此達成完整且可靠之封裝而無氣泡存在(參見表1:判定最佳發泡/封裝參數)。
密封率為在密封尚未完成時、待封裝之製品的周圍的總面積對包含空氣之面積的分率的比率。這表示若透明聚合物層A仍未與聚合物層B接合,其密封率為0%,反之亦然。
在160℃之溫度,發現最快速且最穩定之最適條件在僅按壓90s後。
作為對比,第7圖表示約50%的密封率。
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯系聚合物:含有45重量%乙酸乙烯酯之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡膠”Levamelt 456”本比較例之目的係基於相同的Levamelt 456聚合物、調查並比較不填充或不發泡之組成物對微氣球發泡之組成物之密封性能。
如此,可清楚的辨認出微氣球發泡在品質及封裝本質上的效果,且可確認超過不發泡組成系統密封之優點。
實驗的步驟及實驗的結構類似實例1。但是在此為了確保關於透明表層之待封裝之製品的較佳可見度及密封率,第二聚合物層並未填充2重量%之微氣球,而是填充1重量%之二氧化鈦。以此方式製備之實驗的樣本同樣使用傳統加壓在160℃加熱(施加壓力接近0bar),而密封性能的完整度係在數個固定時間區間後檢查。
最佳且完全的封裝(參見表2)只有在160℃、10min後達成。此外,在實驗樣本發現不符合本發明概念之額外之不欲的變化。
在僅僅5min之加壓時間後,不發泡的聚合物基質以變形且偏移透明聚合物層A上之待封裝製品與整個系統中的配置及位置的方式膨脹。
因此,以不發泡之聚合物層係不可能在達成可靠之密封同時永久的定位待封裝之製品。
此自第7圖係明顯可見。考慮到第二聚合物層不充分之流動性質,其係不可能完全包圍組件。雖然該二聚合物層在邊界區域完全的密封(8),然而在組件周圍仍含有空氣,故密封為不完全的(9)(約50%之密封率)。
本發明藉由填充微氣球之組成物系統的發泡之密封,因而縮短完全封裝所需要的時間,並藉此提供溫和的密封操作及對品質有利。
1‧‧‧透明表層
1a‧‧‧3mm玻璃板
1b‧‧‧具有透明聚合物層之玻璃板
2‧‧‧第一透明聚合物層
2a‧‧‧100g/m2
第一透明聚合物層
3‧‧‧待封裝製品
3a‧‧‧待封裝製品,高度985μ
m
4‧‧‧填充微氣球之聚合物層
4a‧‧‧550g/m2
填充微氣球之聚合物層
5‧‧‧表層
5‧‧‧表層PET/PP/Al/PP/PET,厚度142μm
6‧‧‧於聚合物層中膨脹之微氣球
7‧‧‧輔助載體
8‧‧‧兩聚合物層間完全密封區域
9‧‧‧包括空氣,不完全密封區域
A‧‧‧組裝物
B‧‧‧沒有輔助載體7之組裝物A
第1圖顯示密封前之結構。
第2圖顯示密封後之結構。
第3圖描述透明表層和透明聚合物層組裝物之製造。
第4圖描述以輥積層機密封組件。
第5圖描述以輥積層機密封組件以得到可撓性組裝物。
第6圖顯示實例的實驗程序及實驗結構。
第7圖顯示約50%的密封率之封裝。
1...透明表層
2...第一透明聚合物層
3...製品
4...第二聚合物層
5...表層
6...微氣球
Claims (15)
- 一種封裝光電組件之方法,其係將待封裝之組件嵌入第一透明聚合物層及填充有未活化發泡劑的第二聚合物層之間,接著活化該發泡劑,使該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層彼此接合,具體而言係二者密切接合,而使該組件被封入該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層之間;其中該發泡劑包括由封入吹劑之聚合物膜所構成之微球,稱為微氣球(microballon)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在該第一透明聚合物層的空側(free side)外及/或該第二聚合物層的空側外係具有至少一層附加層,其較佳在37.8℃及90%相對溼度具有小於200g/m2 /24h的水蒸氣滲透性,及在23℃及50%相對溼度具有小於20cm3 /m2 /24h的氧滲透性。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該第一透明聚合物層對350至1150nm之波長具有大於60%的透光率。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該第一透明聚合物層對350至1150nm之波長具有大於90%的透光率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該第一透明聚合物層具有10至500μm之厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該第一透明聚合物層具有50至300μm之厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該填充有發泡劑之第二聚合物層在發泡後具有小於900kg/m3 之密度。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中該填充有發泡劑之 第二聚合物層在發泡後具有小於700kg/m3 之密度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該第一透明聚合物層及/或該第二聚合物層係存在於經抗黏著處理之輔助載體上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中係選擇玻璃透明層、或具有低水蒸氣滲透性之UV安定且耐候性安定之塑膠作為該第一透明聚合物層上的附加層,及/或選擇玻璃層、或單層或多層之具有低水蒸氣滲透性之UV安定且耐候性安定之聚合物薄膜作為該第二聚合物層下的附加層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中填充有未活化發泡劑之第二聚合物層係設置於表層之形式的附加層上,將待封裝之製品配置於第二聚合物層上,其上為第一透明聚合物層,其係依序設置於透明表層之形式的附加層上,而在此配置下誘使發泡劑發泡,使得該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層彼此密切接合,而使組件封入該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中於壓機中在減壓下誘使發泡劑發泡。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中將在透明表層上之第一透明聚合物層、待封裝組件、及在另一表層上 之填充了未活化發泡劑的第二聚合物層導入輥積層機之夾輥,該透明表層及該另一表層直接被輥壓過,而該待封裝組件係被導入該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層之間,該發泡劑在夾輥開始發泡,使得該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層彼此密切接合,而使組件封入該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中將在透明表層上之第一透明聚合物層、配置於該第一透明聚合物層上之待封裝組件、及在另一表層上之填充了未活化發泡劑的第二聚合物層導入輥積層機之夾輥,該透明表層及該另一表層直接被輥壓過,而該發泡劑在夾輥開始發泡,使得該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層彼此密切接合,而使組件封入該第一透明聚合物層與該第二聚合物層之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之方法,其中該待封裝組件係配置在該第一透明聚合物層被該透明表層覆蓋之側的對面側上。
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CA (1) | CA2663183A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102008024551A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI462321B (zh) |
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CN104810483B (zh) * | 2015-04-14 | 2017-08-08 | 合肥鑫晟光电科技有限公司 | 封装设备及显示基板封装方法 |
DE102015219654A1 (de) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh | Anschlussanordnung mit aufgeschäumten Dichtmaterial, elektrisches Anschlusselement und elektrische Leitung mit aufschäumbarem Dichtmaterial sowie Verfahren zum Abdichten der Verbindung eines elektrischen Leiters mit einem elektrischen Anschlusselement |
US20190211232A1 (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-07-11 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Silicone based pressure sensitive adhesive tapes |
CN111718665B (zh) * | 2017-08-11 | 2022-11-22 | 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司 | 一种多层结构光伏组件封装用胶膜及其制备方法 |
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- 2009-05-08 US US12/437,743 patent/US7976750B2/en active Active
- 2009-05-11 EP EP09159854.0A patent/EP2123420B1/de active Active
- 2009-05-14 TW TW098115990A patent/TWI462321B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-05-15 KR KR1020090042455A patent/KR20090121214A/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2123420B1 (de) | 2019-05-01 |
EP2123420A3 (de) | 2012-07-11 |
JP2009283939A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
TW201005981A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
US7976750B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
KR20090121214A (ko) | 2009-11-25 |
CN101587848A (zh) | 2009-11-25 |
EP2123420A2 (de) | 2009-11-25 |
DE102008024551A1 (de) | 2009-11-26 |
CA2663183A1 (en) | 2009-11-21 |
US20090289381A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
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