TWI461485B - 用於光學元件和視覺顯示器之光聚合物組成物 - Google Patents
用於光學元件和視覺顯示器之光聚合物組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI461485B TWI461485B TW098133073A TW98133073A TWI461485B TW I461485 B TWI461485 B TW I461485B TW 098133073 A TW098133073 A TW 098133073A TW 98133073 A TW98133073 A TW 98133073A TW I461485 B TWI461485 B TW I461485B
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- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- QIQCZROILFZKAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracarbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=C=C=C=O QIQCZROILFZKAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/776—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
- C08G18/4269—Lactones
- C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Description
本申請要求保護於2008年10月1日申請的歐洲專利申請號08017275.2的權益,其藉由引用全部結合到本文中,用於所有有用目的。
本發明涉及以作為寫入單體的特定胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯為基礎的新型光聚合物,所述光聚合物適用於製造全像媒體,尤其適用於圖像的可視顯示。
光聚合物是這樣的材料:其可藉由兩束相干光源疊加方法而曝光,在光聚合物中形成三維結構,該結構通常可由材料中折射率的區域性變化而寫入。這樣的結構就稱為全像圖。也可將它們描述為繞射光學元件。這種全像圖執行哪些光學功能則取決於具體曝光。
為了將作為全像圖支持物的光聚合物用於可見範圍內的光學用途,通常需要具有高繞射效果且在曝光後為無色或僅有很淺顏色的材料。自從全像術開始以來,鹵化銀薄膜,尤其是具有高解析度的那些,已用於該目的。也可使用重鉻酸明膠(DCG)、含重鉻酸鹽的明膠薄膜或鹵化銀與DCG的混合形式。這兩類材料都需要化學後處理以形成全像圖,這對工業程序來說會增加額外成本並且還需要處理化學顯影液。此外,濕法化學程序導致薄膜膨脹並隨後收縮,從而可在全像圖中導致不想要的顏色偏移。
US 4959284(Dupont)描述了由以下組成的光聚合物:可溶於有機溶劑的熱塑性塑膠(例如聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙醯丁酸纖維素或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物),以及光引發劑和至少一種乙烯環丙烷衍生物。另外,EP352774A1(Dupont)描述了含乙烯基的其他單體,例如N-乙烯吡咯烷酮、苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯和三醇的丙烯酸酯(三醇例如三羥甲基丙烷(TMPTA)和乙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷(TMPEOTA))或其他丙烯酸酯或丙烯醯胺。在工業上已知這類光聚合物只在延長的熱處理之後產生有用的全像圖。在有關綜述性文章中,O’Neill等(Applied Optics,第41卷,第5期,第845ff頁,2002)不僅討論了上述材料,而且還討論了得自熱塑性塑膠和丙烯醯胺的光聚合物。除了丙烯醯胺具有不良毒物學特性之外,這類產品也不能得到具有高折射率對比度的全像圖。
也已知摻入染料的全像活性材料,其在光影響下能改變其光敏性(Luo等,Optics Express,第13卷,第8期,2005,第3123頁)。同樣,Bieringer(Springer Series in Optical Sciences(2000),76,第209-228頁)描述了所謂光定址(photoaddressable)聚合物,它們同樣是結合聚合物的染料,可在光影響下異構化。這兩類物質都可形成全像圖,而且這些材料可用於全像資料的存儲。然而,這些產品當然是有濃厚顏色的,因此不適合上述用途。
更近地,描述了並非得自熱塑性塑膠而是得自交聯聚合物的光聚合物:因此US 020070077498(Fuji)描述了溶於聚胺基甲酸酯基質的丙烯酸2,4,6-三溴苯酯。US 6103454(InPhase)同樣描述了具有可聚合組分的聚胺基甲酸酯基質,例如丙烯酸4-氯苯酯、4-溴苯乙烯(stryrene)和乙烯萘。這些配方被開發用於全像資料存儲的全像應用,其中寫入和讀取大量但也是很弱的僅能用電子檢測器讀取的全像圖。對於在全部可見光範圍的光學應用而言,這樣的配方是不合適的。
非先前公開的PCT申請案PCT/EP2008/002464揭示在聚胺基甲酸酯基質中作為寫入單體的胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯的配方。以非特定的廣泛方式描述了寫入單體及其數量範圍和可能的應用領域。
自PCT/EP2008/002464開始,現已發現,可以得到非常有用的具有高繞射效率的無色全像圖,用於光學用途和安全用途,尤其是當用特定的不飽和胺基甲酸酯作為寫入單體而且其比例相對於含基質組分和寫入單體的總配方而言至少為10%重量比時。
本發明的一個具體實例是聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其包含寫入單體組分a)和作為寫入單體之基質的聚合化合物或相應基質前驅物,所述寫入單體組分a)包含以所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物總重量為基準的至少10%重量比的一種或多種下式(I)、(II)和(III)的不飽和胺基甲酸酯a)作為寫入單體:
其中R,在各種情況下彼此獨立地為可輻射固化基團;和X,在各種情況下彼此獨立地為R與C=O間的單鍵或者視情況含雜原子和/或視情況被官能基取代的直鏈、支鏈或環狀烴基。
本發明的另一具體實例是上述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中R為乙烯醚基團、丙烯酸酯基團(acrylate group)或甲基丙烯酸酯基團(methacrylate group)。
本發明的另一具體實例是上述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中X在各種情況下為直鏈或支鏈氧基伸烷基或聚氧基伸烷基。
本發明的另一具體實例是上述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中所述一種或多種不飽和胺基甲酸酯a)係以20-50%重量比的量存在,以所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物總重量為基準。
本發明的另一具體實例是上述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中所述相應基質前驅物包含異氰酸酯組分b);異氰酸酯-反應性組分c);和一種或多種光引發劑d)。
本發明的又一具體實例是製造適用於記錄可視全像圖的媒體的方法,其包括(1)將上述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物施用於基底上或模中,和(2)使所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物固化。
本發明的又一具體實例是製造適用於記錄可視全像圖的媒體的方法,其包括(1)提供上述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物的組分混合物,(2)將所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物施用於基底上或模中,和(3)使所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物固化,其中組分b)僅最後即將在步驟(2)的施用之前才混合。
本發明的又一具體實例是藉由上述方法製造的適用於記錄可視全像圖的媒體。
本發明的又一具體實例是用於記錄全像圖的方法,其包括藉由雷射光束使上述媒體曝光。
本發明的又一具體實例是下式(II)的不飽和胺基甲酸酯
其中R,在各種情況下彼此獨立地為可輻射固化基團;和X,在各種情況下彼此獨立地為R與C=O間的單鍵或者視情況含雜原子和/或視情況被官能基取代的直鏈、支鏈或環狀烴基。
因此,本發明涉及聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其包含寫入單體組分a)和作為寫入單體之基質的聚合化合物或相應前驅物,所述寫入單體組分a)包括以總組成物為基準的至少10%重量比的一種或多種式(I)至(III)的不飽和胺基甲酸酯a)作為寫入單體;涉及媒體的製造方法;還涉及媒體本身和用於記錄可視全像圖的方法,其中所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物施用於基底上或模中並固化。
本發明還涉及下式(II)的胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯。
其中R,彼此獨立地在各種情況下為可輻射固化基團和X,彼此獨立地在各種情況下為R與C=O間的單鍵或者視情況含雜原子和/或視情況被官能基取代的直鏈、支鏈或環狀烴基。
在本發明的上下文中,所有在光化輻射作用下與烯烴系不飽和化合物反應並聚合的官能基都是可輻射固化基團。它們是例如乙烯醚基(CH2
=CH-O-)、馬來醯基(maleyl)(順-HOOC-C=C-CO-O-)、富馬醯基(fumaryl)(反-HOOC-C=C-CO-O-)、順丁烯二醯亞胺基、二環戊二烯基、丙烯醯胺基(CH2
=CH-(CO)-NH-)、甲基丙烯醯胺基(CH2
=CCH3
-(CO)-NH-)、丙烯酸酯基(CH2
=CH-(CO)-O-)和甲基丙烯酸酯基(CH2
=CCH3
-(CO)-O-)。
光化輻射可理解為是指電磁、電離輻射、尤其是電子束、UV輻射和可見光(Roche Lexikon Medizin[Roche Medical Lexikon],第4版;Urban & Fischer Verlag,Munich 1999)。
優選R為乙烯醚、丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基團(methacrylate group),尤其優選丙烯酸酯基團(acrylate group)。
原則上講,基團R上與碳連接的一個或多個氫原子也可被C1
至C5
-烷基取代,但其並非是優選的。
優選基團X具有2-40個碳原子和一個或多個呈醚橋形式的氧原子。X既可為直鏈也可為支鏈或環狀或被官能基取代。尤其優選基團X在各自情況下為直鏈或支鏈氧基伸烷基或聚氧基伸烷基。
優選的聚氧基伸烷基具有至多10、特別優選至多8個相應的氧基伸烷基重複單位。
原則上講,對於X而言可具有相同或不同氧基伸烷基作為重複單位,這樣的重複單位優選具有2-6個、尤其優選2-4個碳原子。尤其優選氧基伸烷基單位為氧基伸乙基並且在各自情況下為異構的氧基伸丙基或氧基伸丁基。
相應基團X中的重複單位可以是完全或部分嵌段或隨機分佈。
在本發明的一個優選具體實例中,X彼此獨立地在各種情況下為選自由以下所組成之群組的氧基伸烷基單位:-CH2
-CH2
-O-、-CH2
-CHCH3
-O-、-CHCH3
-CH2
-O-、-(CH2
-CH2
-O)n
-、-O(CH2
-CHCH3
-O)n
-和-O-CH2
-CH2
-(O-(CH2
)5
-CO)m
-,其中n為2-7的整數,m為1-5的整數。
可藉由例如將各自相應的三異氰酸酯與式R-X-H的相同化合物或不同化合物的混合物的優選化學計量反應,而得到本發明所需的不飽和胺基甲酸酯,其中R和X具有上述含義。
所用的三異氰酸酯是三苯基甲烷4,1’,4”-三異氰酸酯、参(對異氰酸基-苯基)硫代磷酸酯或参(對異氰酸基-苯基)磷酸酯。
例如,可用作式R-X-H的化合物有羥基官能的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、聚環氧乙烷單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚環氧丙烷-單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚環氧烷單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(ε-己內酯)-單(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如M100(Dow,Schwalbach,Germany))、(甲基)丙烯酸羥丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羥基-2,2-二甲基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥丙酯或其工業混合物。
式R-X-H的其他合適化合物是含羥基的環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸與環氧化物(環氧丙基化合物)的反應產物。優選的環氧丙烯酸酯是具有指定官能基的那些,其可得自丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸與環氧丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯的已知反應。
在一個優選的具體實例中,丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、丙烯酸羥丙酯、丙烯酸4-羥丁酯、聚環氧乙烷單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚環氧丙烷單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚環氧烷單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(ε-己內酯)單(甲基)丙烯酸酯或其工業混合物可用作式R-X-H的化合物。
在一個具體的優選具體實例中,丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、丙烯酸羥丙酯、丙烯酸4-羥丁酯或其混合物可用作式R-X-H的化合物。
使用過量的三異氰酸酯或R-X-H隨後分離未轉化為胺基甲酸酯的化合物,這是可以推及的,但是,由於產物聚合的可靠性,這不是優選的。
本發明所需不飽和胺基甲酸酯的游離異氰酸酯基團含量(M=42)小於0.5%重量比、優選小於0.2%重量比、尤其優選小於0.1%重量比,而未轉化化合物R-X-H的含量小於1%重量比、優選小於0.5%重量比和尤其優選小於0.2%重量比。
在加成反應中胺基甲酸酯的形成可借助於已知能加速異氰酸酯加成反應的催化劑而完成,所述催化劑例如三級胺、錫、鋅、鐵或鉍的化合物,尤其是三乙胺、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷、辛酸鉍或二丁基錫二月桂酸鹽,它們可以在開始時同時加入或隨後計量加入。
在本發明所需的不飽和胺基甲酸酯的製造中或隨後,可加入防止不想要的聚合反應的穩定劑。這樣的穩定劑可以是含氧氣體以及化學穩定劑,參見例如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischen Chemie[Methods of Organic Chemistry],第4版,第XIV/1卷,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart 1961,第433 ff頁。例如,合適的穩定劑是二亞硫酸鈉、硫氫化鈉、硫磺、肼、苯肼、二苯肼、N-苯基-β-萘胺、N-苯基乙醇二胺、二硝基苯、苦味酸、對亞硝基二甲基苯胺、二苯亞硝胺、苯酚(例如對甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二-三級丁基氫醌、2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚、對三級丁基鄰苯二酚或2,5-二-三級戊基氫醌、二硫化四甲基胺硫甲醯(tetramethylthiuram disulphide)、2-巰基苯並噻唑、二甲基二硫代胺基甲酸鈉鹽、吩噻嗪(phenothiazine)、N-氧(N-oxyl)化合物(例如2,2,6,6-四甲基六氫吡啶N-氧化物(TEMPO)或其衍生物之一)。
優選的穩定劑是吩噻嗪、2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚和對甲氧基苯酚及其混合物。
這類穩定劑通常用量以所穩定的不飽和胺基甲酸酯為基準的0.001-1%重量比、優選0.01-0.5%重量比。
如果本發明所需的不飽和胺基甲酸酯還應含有游離異氰酸基團時,可藉由合適化合物來達到穩定化,例如酸或酸衍生物,例如苯甲醯氯、鄰苯二甲醯氯、次亞膦酸、亞膦酸和/或亞磷酸、次膦酸、膦酸和/或磷酸以及最後所述的6種酸的酸酯、硫酸及其酸酯和/或磺酸。
本發明所需不飽和胺基甲酸酯的製備可在對起始材料和產物具有惰性的有機溶劑存在下進行。實例是塗層溶劑,例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、溶劑石腦油、乙酸甲氧基丙酯、丙酮、丁酮或烴類(例如環己烷、甲基環己烷或異辛烷)。
反應之後,溶劑可藉由例如蒸餾從產物中去除,也可殘留在產物中或用另一種溶劑來交換。
在一個優選的具體實例中,在反應後藉由蒸餾去除溶劑。在又一個優選的具體實例中,在反應後藉由蒸餾將過程溶劑(process solvent)交換為另一種。為了該目的,在反應後加入另一溶劑並藉由蒸餾除去過程溶劑。然而,這種溶劑交換的前提條件是,過程溶劑比另一溶劑的沸點更低。
另一溶劑優選為羥基官能的聚合物(多元醇)。這類合適的多元醇是二元醇或多元醇,其數目平均分子量範圍為500-13000g/mol,優選700-8500g/mol。
用於該目的的優選多元醇的平均羥基官能度為1.5-3.5、優選1.8-3.2、尤其優選1.9-3.1。
上述類型的多元醇是例如聚酯醇,其以脂族、環脂族和/或芳族的二元、三元和/或多元羧酸和二官能、三官能和/或多官能醇為基礎和以內酯為基礎的聚酯醇。
優選分子量為500-4000、尤其優選650-2500g/mol的聚酯醇是例如己二酸與己二醇、丁二醇或新戊二醇或所述二醇混合物的反應產物。
合適的還有聚醚多元醇,其是藉由環醚的聚合反應或藉由環氧烷與引發劑分子的反應而得到。
作為實例,可具有數目平均分子量為500-13000g/mol的聚乙二醇和/或聚丙二醇,以及數目平均分子量為500-8000、優選650-3000g/mol的聚四氫呋喃。
合適的還有聚酯-聚醚-聚酯嵌段多元醇,其可藉由聚醚多元醇與內酯反應而得到。
合適的還有羥基封端的聚碳酸酯,其可藉由二醇或內酯-改質的二醇或雙酚(例如雙酚A)與光氣或碳酸二酯(例如碳酸二苯酯或碳酸二甲酯)反應而得到。
作為實例,可具有數目平均分子量為500-8000g/mol的1,6-己二醇的聚合碳酸酯和莫耳比為1-0.1的1,6-己二醇與ε-己內酯的反應產物的碳酸酯。優選的碳酸酯為以1,6-己二醇為基礎具有數目平均分子量為650-3000g/mol的上述聚碳酸酯二醇,和/或莫耳比為1-0.33的1,6-己二醇與ε-己內酯的反應產物的碳酸酯。
也可使用羥基封端的聚醯胺醇和羥基封端的聚丙烯酸酯二醇(例如BD 1000(來自Tego GmbH,Essen,Germany))。
對於上述溶劑交換,尤其適合作為另一溶劑的多元醇是含酯基的多元醇和上述類型的聚醚多元醇。
可連續(例如在靜態混合器中)或分批(例如在合適攪拌容器中)進行本發明所需的胺基甲酸酯的製備。在分批程序中,可先加入異氰酸酯和化合物R-X-H,各其他組分可在室溫或升高溫度下計量加入。優選藉由先加入異氰酸酯組分,再計量加入R-X-H來進行反應。
在使用式R-X-H的不同化合物的混合物時,它們可以按混合物形式加入,或者按照任何順序序貫加入,優選按照與異氰酸酯的反應性增加的順序添加化合物R-X-H。
優選的反應溫度為40℃-130℃、尤其優選50℃-80℃。藉由外部加熱和/或適當使用反應釋放的熱量來調整溫度。
可藉由記錄紅外或近紅外光譜等光譜法或藉由對所採樣品進行化學分析,測定NCO和OH基團反應而得到胺基甲酸酯的反應進程。
異氰酸酯含量或者還視情況羥基含量尤其合適作為反應轉化率的量度。
在無溶劑形式中,以可輻射固化基團,優選丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯基團為基礎,通常本發明所需胺基甲酸酯的雙鍵密度為每千克胺基甲酸酯有,優選C=C。
本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物在組分a)中,優選具有以聚胺基甲酸酯組成物為基準至少10%重量比,尤其優選至少15%重量比,非常尤其優選至少20%重量比的本發明所需不飽和胺基甲酸酯a)作為寫入單體。然而,這些寫入單體a)的比例以總配方為基準優選不超過70%重量比,尤其優選不超過50%重量比。
除了寫入單體組分a)之外,本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物還具有作為用於寫入單體的基質的聚合化合物或相應基質前驅物,自這樣的前驅物可形成用於寫入單體的相應基質。
優選本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物含有以下物質作為基質的合成組分:異氰酸酯組分b)
異氰酸酯-反應性組分c)
和一種或多種光引發劑d)。
異氰酸酯組分b)優選包含聚異氰酸酯。可用的異氰酸酯是本身為本領域技術人員熟知的所有化合物或其混合物,其每分子具有平均2個或更多的NCO官能基。它們可具有芳族、芳脂族、脂族或環脂族基礎。含不飽和基團的單異氰酸酯和/或聚異氰酸酯也可同時少量使用。
合適的是例如伸丁基二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(HDI)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,8-二異氰酸基-4-(異氰酸基-甲基)辛烷、2,2,4-和/或2,4,4-三甲基六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、異構的雙(4,4’-異氰酸基-環己基)-甲烷及其具有任何異構體含量的混合物、異氰酸基甲基-1,8-辛烷二異氰酸酯、1,4-伸環己基二異氰酸酯、異構的環己烷二亞甲基二異氰酸酯、1,4-伸苯基-二異氰酸酯、2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二異氰酸酯、1,5-伸萘基二異氰酸酯、2,4’-或4,4’-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯和/或三苯基甲烷-4,4’,4”-三異氰酸酯。
也可使用單體二異氰酸酯或三異氰酸酯的衍生物,其具有胺基甲酸酯、脲、碳二亞胺、醯基脲、異氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、縮二脲、二嗪三酮、縮脲二酮和/或亞胺基二嗪二酮結構。
優選使用以脂族和/或環脂族的二異氰酸酯或三異氰酸酯為基礎的聚異氰酸酯。
尤其優選組分b)的聚異氰酸酯是二聚化或低聚化脂族和/或環脂族二異氰酸酯或三異氰酸酯。
非常特別優選的是以HDI、1,8-二異氰酸基-4-(異氰酸基甲基)辛烷或其混合物為基礎的異氰酸酯、縮脲二酮和/或亞胺基二嗪二酮。
原則上講,每分子平均具有至少1.5個異氰酸酯-反應性基團的所有多官能異氰酸酯-反應性化合物都可用作組分c)。
本發明上下文中的異氰酸酯-反應性基團優選為羥基、胺基或硫基,尤其優選羥基化合物。
合適的多官能異氰酸酯-反應性化合物是例如聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇和/或聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇。
合適的聚酯多元醇是例如直鏈聚酯二元醇或支鏈聚酯多元醇,其是按照已知方法得自脂族、環脂族或芳族二羧酸或多元羧酸或者它們的酸酐與具有OH官能度的多元醇。
這類二羧酸或多元羧酸或酸酐的實例是琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、壬烷二羧酸、癸烷二羧酸、對苯二酸、異酞酸、鄰苯二甲酸、四氫鄰苯二甲酸、六氫鄰苯二甲酸或偏苯三酸和酸酐,例如鄰苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三酸酐或琥珀酸酐或其彼此的任何混合物。
這類合適醇的實例為乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇或四乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、四丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-二羥基環己烷、1,4-二羥甲基環己烷、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷基二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、甘油或其彼此的任何混合物。
聚酯多元醇也可以天然原材料為基礎,例如蓖麻油。聚酯多元醇也可以是以內酯的均聚物或共聚物為基礎,其可優選得自內酯或內酯混合物(例如丁內酯、ε-己內酯和/或甲基-ε-己內酯)與羥基官能化合物(例如具有OH官能度的多元醇,例如上述類型)的加成反應。
這類聚酯多元醇優選數目平均莫耳質量為400-4000g/mol、尤其優選500-2000g/mol。它們的OH官能度優選為1.5-3.5、尤其優選1.8-3.0。
合適的聚碳酸酯多元醇可藉由有機碳酸酯或光氣與二醇或二醇混合物反應,按本身已知的方式來獲取。
合適的有機碳酸酯是碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯和碳酸二苯酯。
合適的二醇或混合物包括有關於聚酯鏈段所提及的且具有OH官能度的多元醇,優選1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和/或3-甲基戊二醇,或者聚酯多元醇可轉化為聚碳酸酯多元醇。
這類聚碳酸酯多元醇優選具有數目平均莫耳質量為400-4000g/mol、尤其優選500-2000g/mol。這些多元醇的OH官能度優選為優選1.8-3.2、尤其優選1.9-3.0。
合適的聚醚多元醇是環醚與OH-或NH-官能的引發劑分子的聚加合物,所述聚加合物視情況具有嵌段結構。
合適的環醚為例如苯乙烯氧化物、環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷、四氫呋喃、環氧丁烷、環氧氯丙烷及其任何所需混合物。
可使用的引發劑是有關聚酯多元醇所提及的且具有OH官能度的多元醇和一級胺或二級胺和胺基醇。
這類聚醚多元醇優選具有數目平均莫耳質量為250-10000g/mol、尤其優選500-8500g/mol,非常尤其優選600-4500g/mol。OH官能度優選為1.5-4.0、尤其優選1.8-3.0。
另外,具有低分子量(即分子量小於500g/mol)和具有短鏈(即含有2-20個碳原子)的脂族、芳脂族、環脂族的二官能、三官能或多官能醇也適用於作為組分c)的成分,作為多官能異氰酸酯-反應性化合物。
它們可以是例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、2-乙基-2-丁基丙二醇、三甲基戊二醇、二乙基辛烷二醇位置異構體、1,3-丁二醇、環己二醇、1,4-環己烷二甲醇、1,6-己二醇、1,2-和1,4-環己二醇、氫化雙酚A(2,2-雙(4-羥基-環己基)丙烷)、2,2-二甲基-3-羥基丙酸(2,2-二甲基-3-羥基丙酯)。合適三醇的實例為三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷或甘油。合適的更多官能的醇為二-三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇或山梨醇。
一種或多種光引發劑可用作組分d)。它們通常是可由光化輻射活化並引發相應可聚合基團的聚合反應的引發劑。光引發劑是市售的已知化合物,分為單分子(I型)引發劑和雙分子(II型)引發劑。此外,這些引發劑可用於上述聚合反應的自由基、陰離子(或)陽離子(或混合)形式,這取決於其化學性質的不同。
用於自由基光聚合反應的(I型)系統例如是芳族酮化合物例如二苯甲酮,以及三級胺、烷基二苯甲酮、4,4’-雙(二甲胺基)二苯甲酮(Michler酮)、蒽酮和鹵代二苯甲酮或所述類型的混合物。更合適的是(II型)引發劑,例如苯偶姻(benzoin)及其衍生物、苯偶醯縮酮(benzylketals)、醯基膦氧化物,例如2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基二苯基膦氧化物、雙醯基膦氧化物、苯乙醛酸酯(phenylglyoxylic esters)、樟腦醌、α-胺基烷基苯基酮、α,α-二烷氧基苯乙酮、1-[4-(苯硫基)苯基]辛烷-1,2-二酮2-(O-苯甲醯基肟)和α-羥基烷基苯基酮。EP-A0223587所描述的由芳基硼酸銨與一種或多種染料的混合物組成的光引發劑系統也可用作光引發劑。例如四丁基銨三苯基己基硼酸鹽、四丁基銨参(3-氟苯基)己基硼酸鹽和四丁基銨参(3-氯-4-甲基苯基)己基硼酸鹽Ph3
BΘ
Bu、(Napht)3
BΘ
Bu都適合作為芳基硼酸銨。合適的染料是例如新亞甲藍、硫堇、鹼性黃、氯化頻哪氰醇(pinacynol chloride)、羅丹明(rhodamine)6G、倍花青(gallocyanine)、乙基紫、維多利亞(Victoria)藍R、天青石(Celestine)藍、喹哪啶(quinaldine)紅、結晶紫、亮綠、鹼性橙G(astrazon orange G)、達羅(darrow)紅、派洛寧(pyronine)Y、鹼性紅29、吡喃(pyrillium)I、花青素和亞甲藍、天青(azure)A(Cunningham等,RadTech'98 North America UV/EB Conference Proceedings,Chicago,Apr. 19-22,1998)。
用於陰離子聚合反應的光引發劑通常是(I型)系統,且源自第一行過渡金屬絡合物。在此,鉻鹽,例如反-Cr(NH3
)2
(NCS)4 -
(Kutal 等,Macromolecules 1991,24,6872)或二茂鐵基化合物(Yamaguchi 等,Macromolecules 2000,33,1152)都是已知的。陰離子聚合反應還可使用染料如結晶紫吉他腈(leuconitrile)或孔雀綠吉他腈(leuconitrile),其可藉由光解分解作用聚合氰基丙烯酸酯(Neckers等,Macromolecules 2000,33,7761)。然而,將生色團摻入到聚合物中,使所得聚合物有顏色。
用於陽離子聚合反應的光引發劑基本包括三類:芳基重氮鹽、鎓鹽(在此具體指:碘鎓鹽、鋶鹽和硒(selenonium)鹽)和金屬有機化合物。在輻射條件下,在氫供體存在和不存在時,當照射時苯基重氮鹽都可產生陽離子,引發聚合反應。總系統效率是由用於重氮化合物的抗衡離子的性質來決定的。在此優選有活性不太高但非常昂貴的SbF6 -
、AsF6 -
或PF6 -
。為了對薄膜進行塗佈,這些化合物通常不是很合適,因為曝光後會釋放氮而降低表面質量(針孔)(Li等,Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2001,84,139)。具有廣泛用途並且有多種市售可得形式的是鎓鹽,尤其是鋶鹽和碘鎓鹽。對這些化合物的光化學性質已進行長期研究。碘鎓鹽在激發後開始均裂分解,產生自由基和自由基陽離子,藉由奪取H而穩定,釋放質子並引發陽離子聚合反應(Dektar等,J. Org. Chem. 1990,55,639;J. Org. Chem.,1991,56. 1838)。該機制允許碘鎓鹽也可用於自由基光聚合反應。在此,對抗衡離子的選擇仍是非常重要,且非常昂貴的SbF6 -
、AsF6 -
或PF6 -
同樣是優選的。另外,在該結構類型中,對芳族取代的選擇是很自由的,所述選擇基本上由合成所用的合適起始構建塊(building blocks)的可用性來決定。鋶鹽是按照Norrish(II)分解的化合物(Crivello等,Macromolecules,2000,33,825)。就鋶鹽而言,對抗衡離子的選擇也是至關重要的,這顯著影響聚合物固化速率。最佳結果通常是用SbF6 -
鹽而得到的。因為碘鎓鹽和鋶鹽的自吸收為<300nm,所以必須適宜地敏化這些化合物以進行近紫外或短波可見光的光聚合反應。藉由使用較高吸收的芳族,例如蒽和衍生物(Gu等,Am. Chem. Soc. Polymer Preprints,2000,41(2),1266)或吩噻嗪或其衍生物(Hua等,Macromolecules 2001,34,2488-2494)來實現。
也可有利地使用這些化合物的混合物。取決於固化所用輻射源,必須按照本領域技術人員已知方式來調整光引發劑的種類和濃度。對於本領域技術人員而言,按照常規實驗形式,在適於各自情況下選擇的組分和合成組分(尤其是優選的合成組分)的下述數量範圍之內,有關光聚合反應的上述安排是簡便易行的。
優選的光引發劑d)是四丁基銨四己基硼酸鹽、四丁基銨三苯基己基硼酸鹽、四丁基銨参(3-氟苯基)己基硼酸鹽和四丁基銨参(3-氯-4-甲基苯基)己基硼酸鹽與染料的混合物,所述染料例如鹼性橙G、亞甲藍、新亞甲藍、天青A、吡喃(pyrillium) I、番紅(safranine)O、花青素、倍花青、亮綠、結晶紫、乙基紫和硫堇。
除了組分a)至d)之外,自由基穩定劑、催化劑和其他添加劑可以同時使用。
合適的自由基穩定劑是下文所述的抑制劑和抗氧化劑:"Methoden der organischen Chemie[Methods in Organic Chemistry]”(Houben-Weyl),第4版,第XIV/1卷,第433ff頁,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart 1961。合適的物質類型是例如酚類,例如2,6-二三級丁基-4-甲基酚、甲酚、氫醌類、苯甲醇類,例如二苯基甲醇;還視情況醌類,例如2,5-二三級丁基苯醌;還視情況芳族胺類,例如二異丙胺或吩噻嗪。優選的自由基穩定劑是2,6-二三級丁基-4-甲基酚、吩噻嗪和二苯基甲醇。
此外,可使用一種或多種催化劑。它們優選催化胺基甲酸酯的形成。胺和下列金屬的金屬化合物優選適用於該目的:錫、鋅、鐵、鉍、鉬、鈷、鈣、鎂和鋯。尤其優選辛酸錫、辛酸鋅、二丁基錫二月桂酸鹽、二甲基錫二甲酸鹽、乙醯丙酮鐵(III)、氯化鐵(II)、氯化鋅、四烷基氫氧化銨、鹼金屬的氫氧化物、鹼金屬的醇鹽、具有10-20個碳原子和視情況OH側鏈基團的長鏈脂肪酸的鹼金屬鹽、辛酸鉛和三級胺,例如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、二環己基甲胺、二甲基環己胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基二胺基二乙醚、雙(二甲胺基丙基)脲、N-甲基-或N-乙基嗎啉、N,N'-二嗎啉代二乙基醚(DMDEE)、N-環己基嗎啉、N,N,N',N'-四甲基伸乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丁烷二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6-己烷二胺、五甲基二伸乙基三胺、二甲基六氫吡、N-二甲胺基-乙基六氫吡啶、1,2-二甲基咪唑、N-羥丙基咪唑、1-氮雜雙環[2,2,0]辛烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷(Dabco)或鏈烷醇胺化合物,例如三乙醇胺、三異丙醇胺、N-甲基-二乙醇胺和N-乙基二乙醇胺、二甲胺基乙醇、2-(N,N-二甲胺基乙氧基)乙醇或N-三-(二烷基胺基烷基)六氫三嗪,例如N,N',N-三(二甲胺基丙基)-s-六氫三嗪、二氮雜雙環壬烷、二氮雜雙環十一烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基胍、1,3,4,6,7,8-六氫-1-甲基-2H-嘧啶並[1,2-a]嘧啶。
尤其優選的催化劑是二丁基錫二月桂酸鹽、二甲基錫二甲酸鹽、乙醯丙酮鐵(III)、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷、二氮雜雙環壬烷、二氮雜雙環十一烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基胍、1,3,4,6,7,8-六氫-1-甲基-2H-嘧啶並[1,2-a]嘧啶。
例如,溶劑、增塑劑、勻染劑(levelling agents)、潤濕劑、消泡劑或增黏劑,以及聚胺基甲酸酯、熱塑性聚合物、低聚物、具有額外官能基的化合物(例如縮醛、環氧化物、氧雜環丁烷(oxetanes)、唑啉(oxazolines)、二氧雜環戊烷(dioxolanes))和/或具有親水基團的化合物(例如鹽和/或聚環氧乙烷),都可作為額外的助劑和添加劑。
優選所用的溶劑是與本發明2組分配方具有良好相容性且易揮發溶劑,例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和/或丙酮。
優選所用的增塑劑是具有良好溶解特性、低揮發性和高沸點的液體。還可有利地同時使用一種類型的添加劑。當然,也可有利地使用多種類型的多種添加劑。
本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物優選包含
10-94.999%重量比的本發明所需的式(I)至(III)的不飽和胺基甲酸酯用作組分a)
5-89.999%重量比的組分b)和c)或者b)與c)的相應反應產物,0.001-10%重量比的光引發劑d),0-10%重量比的自由基穩定劑
0-4%重量比的催化劑
0-70%重量比的助劑和添加劑。
本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物尤其優選包含
15-70%重量比的本發明所需的式(I)至(III)的不飽和胺基甲酸酯用作組分a)
10-84.899%重量比的組分b)和c)或者b)與c)的相應反應產物,0.1-7.5%重量比的光引發劑d),0.001-1%重量比的自由基穩定劑
0-3%重量比的催化劑
0-50%重量比的助劑和添加劑。
本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物尤其優選包含
20-50%重量比的本發明所需的式(I)至(III)的不飽和胺基甲酸酯用作a)
25-79.489%重量比的組分b)和c)或者b)與c)的相應反應產物,0.5-5%重量比的光引發劑d),0.01-0.5%重量比的自由基穩定劑
0.001-2%重量比的催化劑
0-35%重量比的助劑和添加劑。
所用的組分b)和c)彼此的OH/NCO比例通常為0.5-2.0、優選0.95-1.50、尤其優選0.97-1.33。
優選按照以下方式進行本發明生產用於記錄可視全像圖的媒體的方法:除組分b)之外,將本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物的合成組分都彼此均勻混合,在施用於基底或模(mould)中之前再與組分b)混合。
本領域技術人員已知用於混合技術的所有方法和儀器,例如動態混合器和靜態混合器的攪拌罐,都可用於混合。然而,優選沒有死空間(dead space)或僅有小的死空間的儀器。特別優選在很短時間內能使兩種待混合組分很充分混合的方法。具體地講,動態混合器,尤其是其中各組分僅在該混合器中彼此接觸的動態混合器,適用於該目的。
溫度為0-100℃、優選10-80℃、尤其優選20-60℃、非常尤其優選20-40℃。
必要時,也可在減壓條件(例如1mbar)下對各組分或總混合物脫氣。優選脫氣,尤其在添加組分b)之後脫氣,以避免在所得媒體中因殘餘氣體而形成氣泡。
在與組分b)混合之前,混合物可作為穩定貯存的中間體形式來貯存,視情況可貯存幾個月。
與本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物的組分b)混合後得到澄清液體配方,其根據組成不同而在幾秒鐘至幾小時內、在室溫下固化。
優選調整聚胺基甲酸酯組成物合成組分的比例、種類和反應性,使得在與組分b)混合後在室溫下幾分鐘至一小時內發生固化。在一個優選的具體實例中,藉由在混合後給配方加熱至溫度介於30-180℃之間,優選40-120℃之間,尤其優選50-100℃之間,來加速固化。
對於本領域技術人員而言,按照常規實驗形式,在適於各自情況下選擇的組分和合成組分(尤其是優選的合成組分)的上述數量範圍之內,有關固化行為的上述方法是簡便易行的。
在剛完成所有組分混合之後,本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物在25℃時黏度通常為10-100000mPa.s,優選100-20000mPa.s、尤其優選200-15000mPa.s,特別優選500-10000mPa.s,使它們甚至在無溶劑形式下仍具有很好的加工特性。在具有合適溶劑的溶液中,在25℃時黏度可達到小於10,000mP.as、優選小於2000mP.as、尤其優選小於500mP.as。
用量為15g的上述類型的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物當催化劑含量為0.004%重量比時在25℃在不到4小時內固化,或者當催化劑含量為0.02%時在25℃在不到10分鐘固化。
對於施用於基底或模,本領域技術人員已知的所有相應常規方法都是合適的,例如具體地講是刮刀塗布、鑄造(casting)、印刷、絲網印刷、噴霧或噴墨印刷。
使用本發明的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,可藉由合適的曝光方法製造對於在整個可見光和近紫外範圍(300-800nm)內的光學應用的全像圖。可視全像圖包括可用本領域技術人員已知方法記錄的所有全像圖,包括共軸(伽柏,Gabor)全像圖、離軸全像圖、全口徑轉移全像圖、白光透射全像圖(“彩虹全像圖”)、丹尼蘇克全像圖(Denisyuk hologram)、離軸反射全像圖、邊緣(edge-lit)全像圖和全像立體攝影圖等;優選反射全像圖、丹尼蘇克全像圖和透射全像圖。優選透鏡、鏡子、偏轉鏡、濾色器、漫射屏、繞射元件、光導、波導、投影屏和/或掩模等光學元件。通常,這些光學元件表現出頻率選擇性,這取決於如何曝光全像圖和全像圖的尺寸(dimension)。
另外,也可以藉由本發明聚胺基甲酸酯組成物製造全像圖像或顯示,例如用於個人人像、在保密文件中的生物統計學表徵,或通常用於廣告的圖像或圖像結構,安全性標籤、商標保護、商標的貼標、標記、設計元素、裝飾、插圖、多程票據、圖像等,以及可代表數位資料的圖像(特別是與上述產品組合的那些)。全像圖像可顯示三維圖像的印象,但它們也可顯示圖像順序、短薄膜(short films)或各種不同物體,這取決於照射角度和所用光源(包括移動光源)等。因它們具有各種設計可能性,全像圖、尤其是體積全像圖,是用於上述用途的具吸引力的技術方案。
本發明因此還涉及本發明媒體用於記錄可視全像圖和用於製造光學元件、圖像、顯示的用途,並涉及用本發明的媒體記錄全像圖的方法。
以上所有參考文獻都藉由引用全部結合到本文中,用於所有有用的目的。
儘管顯示和描述了某些具體結構來說明本發明,但是本領域技術人員顯而易見的是,在不偏離本發明的基本概念的精神和範圍下,可以進行各種修改和部分重排,並且不限於本文所顯示和描述的具體形式。
以下實施例的目的是為了說明本發明的光聚合物,而不得視為對本發明的限制。除非另有說明,否則所有百分率資料都以重量百分比為基準。
實施例1:
先將0.1g 2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚、0.05g二丁基錫二月桂酸鹽(Desmorapid Z,Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen,Germany)和213.07g 27%濃度的参(對異氰酸基-苯基)硫代磷酸酯於乙酸乙酯的溶液(DesmodurRFE,product of Bayer MaterialScience AG,Leverkusen,Germany)加入到500ml圓底燒瓶中並加熱至60℃。然後,滴加42.37g丙烯酸2-羥乙酯,將所得混合物繼續維持在60℃,直到異氰酸酯含量小於0.1%。然後進行冷卻,真空完全除去乙酸乙酯。得到產物為半晶質固體。
實施例2:
先將0.03g 2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚、0.05g二丁基錫二月桂酸鹽和150.34g 27%濃度的参(對異氰酸基-苯基)硫代磷酸酯於乙酸乙酯的溶液加入到250ml圓底燒瓶中並加熱至60℃。然後,滴加14.95g丙烯酸2-羥乙酯,將所得混合物繼續維持在60℃,直到異氰酸酯含量小於3.3%。然後,滴加44.33g聚(ε-己內酯)單丙烯酸酯(Tone M100,Dow Chemicals Inc.的產品)並繼續維持在60℃,直到異氰酸酯含量降至小於0.1%。然後進行冷卻,真空完全除去乙酸乙酯。得到產物為黏稠液體。
實施例3:
先將0.1g 2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚、0.05g二丁基錫二月桂酸鹽和189.52g 27%濃度的三苯基甲烷4,4’,4”-三異氰酸酯於乙酸乙酯的溶液加入到500ml圓底燒瓶中並加熱至65℃。然後,滴加48.68g丙烯酸2-羥乙酯,將所得混合物繼續維持在65℃,直到異氰酸酯含量小於0.1%。然後進行冷卻,真空完全除去乙酸乙酯。得到產物為半晶質固體。
實施例4:
先將0.06g 2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚、0.03g Desmorapid Z和122.6g 27%濃度的参(對異氰酸基-苯基)硫代磷酸酯於乙酸乙酯的溶液加入到500ml圓底燒瓶中並加熱至60℃。然後,滴加27.3g丙烯酸羥丙酯,將所得混合物繼續維持在60℃,直到異氰酸酯含量小於0.1%。然後進行冷卻,真空完全除去乙酸乙酯。得到產物為淺黃色液體。
實施例5:
先將0.06g 2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚、0.03g Desmorapid Z、120.2g 27%濃度的参(對異氰酸基-苯基)硫代磷酸酯於乙酸乙酯的溶液加入到500ml圓底燒瓶中並加熱至60℃。然後,滴加29.7g丙烯酸4-羥丁酯,將所得混合物繼續維持在60℃,直到異氰酸酯含量小於0.1%。然後進行冷卻,真空完全除去乙酸乙酯。得到產物為淺黃色液體。
實施例6:
先將0.07g 2,6-二-三級丁基-4-甲基酚、0.04g Desmorapid Z、109.1g 27%濃度的参(對異氰酸基-苯基)硫代磷酸酯於乙酸乙酯的溶液加入到500ml圓底燒瓶中並加熱至60℃。然後,滴加40.8g聚乙二醇單甲基丙烯酸酯(PEM3,來自LAPORTE Performance Chemicals UK LTD),將所得混合物繼續維持在60℃,直到異氰酸酯含量小於0.1%。然後進行冷卻,真空完全除去乙酸乙酯。得到產物為淺黃色液體。
多元醇組分的製備:
將0.18g辛酸錫、374.81g ε-己內酯和374.81g雙官能聚四氫呋喃聚醚多元醇(當量為500g/mol OH)加入到1L燒瓶中並加熱至120℃,保持在此溫度下,直到固體含量(非揮發成分的比例)為99.5%重量比或更高。然後進行冷卻,得到產物為蠟狀固體。
比較媒體1:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的7.61g多元醇組分與來自實施例1的0.50g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.10g CGI 909(CGI 909是Ciba Inc.(Basel,Switzerland)於2008年售賣的一種實驗產品)和0.01g新亞甲藍、0.35g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.02g 20μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.41gXP 2410(Bayer MaterialScience AG(Leverkusen,Germany)的實驗產品,以己烷二異氰酸酯為基礎的聚異氰酸酯,亞胺基二嗪二酮的比例至少30%,NCO含量:23.5%),並再次混合。最後加入0.006g Fomrez UL 28(胺基甲酸酯化(urethanization)催化劑,Momentive Performance Chemicals(Wilton,CT,USA)的市售產品)並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
媒體1:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的7.19g多元醇組分與來自實施例1的1.00g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.10g CGI 909和0.01g新亞甲藍、0.35g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.02g 20μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.33gXP 2410(Bayer MaterialScience AG(Leverkusen,Germany)的實驗產品,以己烷二異氰酸酯為基礎的聚異氰酸酯,亞胺基二嗪二酮的比例至少30%,NCO含量:23.5%),並再次混合。最後加入0.009g Fomrez UL 28並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
媒體2:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的6.98g多元醇組分與來自實施例1的1.25g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.10g CGI 909和0.01g新亞甲藍、0.35g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.02g 20μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.29gXP 2410並再次混合。最後加入0.009g Fomrez UL 28並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
媒體3:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的8.75g多元醇組分與來自實施例1的3.75g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.15g CGI 909和0.015g新亞甲藍、0.52g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.02g 20μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.647gXP 2410並再次混合。最後加入0.009g Fomrez UL 28並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
媒體4:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的6.54g多元醇組分與來自實施例2的1.77g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.10g CGI 909和0.01g新亞甲藍、0.35g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.015g 17μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.21gXP 2410並再次混合。最後加入0.006g Fomrez UL 28並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
媒體5:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的5.92g多元醇組分與來自實施例4的2.50g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.10g CGI 909和0.01g新亞甲藍、0.35g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.015g 20μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.10gXP 2410並再次混合。最後加入0.006g Fomrez UL 28並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
媒體6:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的5.92g多元醇組分與來自實施例5的2.50g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.10g CGI 909和0.01g新亞甲藍、0.35g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.015g 20μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.10gXP 2410並再次混合。最後加入0.006g Fomrez UL 28並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
媒體7:
在50℃,將如上所述製造的5.92g多元醇組分與來自實施例6的2.50g胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、0.10g CGI 909和0.01g新亞甲藍、0.35g N-乙基吡咯烷酮和0.015g 20μm玻璃珠混合在一起,從而得到澄清溶液。然後冷卻至30℃,加入1.10gXP 2410並再次混合。最後加入0.006g Fomrez UL 28並再次短時混合。再將所得液體材料移至玻璃板,並用第二塊玻璃板覆蓋。該試驗樣品在室溫下、在15kg重量下固化12小時。
圖1顯示測定媒體繞射效率(DE)的實驗性全像裝置。然後如下所述地測定所製造媒體的全像特性:HeNe雷射器(發射波長633nm)的光束借助空間濾波器(SF)和准直鏡(CL)變為平行均一光束。藉由虹膜式光闌(I)來確定信號光束和參考光束的最終截面。虹膜式光闌開口的直徑為4mm。偏極化分光鏡(polarization-dependent beam splitter)(PBS)將雷射光束分為兩束相干的等同極化束。藉由λ/2板,將參考光束的功率調整為0.5mW,將信號光束的功率調整為0.65mW。用半導體檢測器(D)測定功率,伴隨移除樣品。參考光束的入射角(α)為21.8°,而信號光束的入射角(β)為41.8°。在樣品(媒體)位置,兩束重疊光的干涉場產生光和暗條紋的柵格,條紋與射入樣品上的兩束光的角平分線垂直(反射全像圖)。媒體中條紋間距為~225nm(媒體折射率定為~1.49)。
按照以下方式將全像圖寫入媒體:兩個快門(shutter)(S)都打開曝光時間t。
然後,當快門(S)關上時,給媒體5分鐘時間,讓仍未聚合的寫入單體擴散。
按照以下方式讀取所寫的全像圖。信號光束快門保持關閉。參考光束快門打開。參考光束的虹膜式光闌關閉至直徑為<1mm。這確保對於媒體的所有旋轉角(Ω),光束總是完全在先前寫入的全像圖中。在電腦控制下,轉盤覆蓋角度範圍為Ω=0°至Ω=20°,角度幅寬(angel step)為0.05°。在靠近每個角度Ω時,藉由相應檢測器D檢測以零階(in the zeroth order)透射的光束的功率,並藉由檢測器D檢測以一階(in the first order)繞射的光束的功率。在靠近每個角度Ω都得到繞射效率,為以下比值:
在檢測器中繞射光束功率/(在檢測器中繞射光束功率+在檢測器中透射光束功率)
測定全像圖的最大繞射效率(DE),即其峰值。可能有必要改變繞射光束檢測器的位置,以測定這個最大值。
對於一個配方,可能將該過程用不同曝光時間t、在不同媒體上重複幾次,以確定在DE達到飽和值時寫入全像圖期間入射雷射光束的平均能量劑量。如下所述求得平均能量劑量E:
E(mJ/cm2
)=2‧[(0.50mW+0.67mW)‧t(s)]/[π‧0.42
cm2
]
以下是在劑量E時得到的DE的測定值:
在上述實驗中得到的全像媒體的繞射效率DE最好應大於50%,因為此時至少一半入射光被繞射。這導致在整個可見光範圍內有用的光和高對比度的上述全像圖。
所發現的繞射效率DE值和必要劑量顯示,以本發明胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯為基礎的光聚合物(其中胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯含量大於或等於10%重量比)非常適合作為上述全像媒體。當胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯含量大於等於15%重量比時,可得到特別好的全像媒體。
PBS...偏極化分光鏡
S...快門
λ/2...λ/2板
SF...空間濾波器
CL...准直鏡
I...虹膜式光闌
D...半導體檢測器
α...21.8°
β...41.8°
圖1顯示測定媒體繞射效率(DE)的實驗性全像裝置。
S...快門
λ/2...λ/2板
SF...空間濾波器
CL...准直鏡
I...虹膜式光闌
D...半導體檢測器
α...21.8°
β...41.8°
Claims (8)
- 一種聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其包含寫入單體組分a)和作為寫入單體之基質的聚合化合物或相應基質前驅物,所述寫入單體組分a)包含以所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物總重量為基準的至少10%重量比的一種或多種下式(I)、(II)和(III)的不飽和胺基甲酸酯a)作為寫入單體:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中R為乙烯醚基團、丙烯酸酯基團或甲基丙烯酸酯基團。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中X在各種情況下為直鏈或支鏈氧基伸烷基或聚氧基伸烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中所述一種或多種不飽和胺基甲酸酯a)係以20-50%重量比的量存在,以所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物總重量為基準。
- 一種製造適用於記錄可視全像圖之媒體之方法,其包括(1)將申請專利範圍第1項的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物施用於基底或模中,和(2)使所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物固化。
- 一種製造適用於記錄可視全像圖之媒體之方法,其包括(1)提供申請專利範圍第1項的聚胺基甲酸酯組成物的組分混合物,(2)將所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物施用於基底或模中,和(3)使所述聚胺基甲酸酯組成物固化,其中組分b)僅在最後即將在(2)中施用之前才被混合。
- 一種適用於記錄可視全像圖的媒體,其係藉由申請專利範圍第5項的方法製造。
- 一種記錄全像圖的方法,其包括藉由雷射光束使申請專利範圍第7項的媒體曝光。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101712746A (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
CA2680964A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
KR101640943B1 (ko) | 2016-07-19 |
RU2515977C2 (ru) | 2014-05-20 |
EP2172505B1 (de) | 2011-09-07 |
US20100086860A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
BRPI0903886A2 (pt) | 2010-07-20 |
SG160312A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
EP2172505A1 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
KR20100037556A (ko) | 2010-04-09 |
RU2009136180A (ru) | 2011-04-10 |
CN101712746B (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
IL200722A0 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
JP5637674B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
JP2010090378A (ja) | 2010-04-22 |
TW201030092A (en) | 2010-08-16 |
PL2172505T3 (pl) | 2012-02-29 |
ES2372447T3 (es) | 2012-01-19 |
ATE523542T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
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