TWI441613B - 骨骼固定裝置 - Google Patents

骨骼固定裝置 Download PDF

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TWI441613B
TWI441613B TW096130811A TW96130811A TWI441613B TW I441613 B TWI441613 B TW I441613B TW 096130811 A TW096130811 A TW 096130811A TW 96130811 A TW96130811 A TW 96130811A TW I441613 B TWI441613 B TW I441613B
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rod
bone fixation
fixation device
recess
locking
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TW096130811A
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TW200812541A (en
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Lutz Biedermann
Wilfried Matthis
Jurgen Harms
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Biedermann Technologies Gmbh
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/7019Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
    • A61B17/7026Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a part that is flexible due to its form

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

骨骼固定裝置
本發明係關於一種骨骼固定裝置,包括骨骼固定元件,和連接至少二骨骼固定元件用之桿,其中桿至少一部份呈管狀結構。
第12圖表示已知之多軸向骨骼螺釘100,其螺釘元件101具有骨骼螺紋,而球形截面狀頭部102,以樞動方式保持於容納件103內。容納件有凹部,可容納桿104。在頭部102和桿之間設有施壓元件105,可在容納件內滑動。使用內螺釘106把桿夾在容納件內,經桿和施壓元件施壓於頭部,把頭部鎖定。具有管狀結構以穩定脊柱用之撓性桿,已見於例如US 2005/0154390 A1。若使用管狀桿,加上參見第12圖所述之已知多軸骨骼螺釘,則旋緊內螺釘時,作用於桿之負荷,會將管狀桿變形,如第13圖所簡示。此舉會影響桿之性能。
US 2004/0138660 A1揭示一種鎖帽總成,把全金屬圓筒製成的桿鎖定於骨骼螺釘之容納體。鎖帽總成包含內、外鎖定元件。外鎖定元件是螺帽狀構件,內鎖定元件可轉動連接於此。內鎖定元件朝桿之側面有環形可變形之接觸元件,與桿接觸。在外鎖定元件旋緊時,可變形接觸元件即變形,提供回饋於外科醫師,使他可決定鎖帽總成是否已旋緊至所需程度。
FR 2810533揭示一種骨骼固定裝置,有全圓筒製成桿。鎖帽總成包括轉動支持構件,從上壓逼桿。該構件的桿接觸表面之形狀,適應桿的輪廓。
本發明之目的,在於提供一種骨骼固定裝置,適於動態穩定化,包括桿的管狀部之改進固定。
此目的是由申請專利範圍第1項之骨骼固定裝置解決。進一步發展則載於申請專利範圍附屬項。
骨骼固定裝置提供管狀桿固定,其中管狀桿的變形減到最少,即使施以很大夾持力。
本發明進一步特點和優點,由參見附圖所示具體例詳述如下,即可明白,並且更為清楚。
第1和2圖表示第一具體例之骨骼固定裝置1,包含單軸向骨骼螺釘2和管狀桿20。骨骼螺釘2有幹部3,其骨骼螺紋可供固定於骨骼,一端有尖端(圖上未示),另一端為容納件5。容納件5包括實質上U形凹部5a,可容納桿20。利用凹部,形成二自由股部5b,5b’,有陰螺紋5c,供容納鎖定元件,把桿20固設在凹部內。在圖示具體例中,鎖定元件是內螺釘50,可旋入股部之間。螺紋可為平板螺紋,以防旋緊內螺釘時造成股部張開。然而,任何其他螺紋形狀均可用,諸如公制螺紋、鋸齒螺紋或負角度螺紋。在組合狀態,桿20是置於凹部5a之底。
在內螺釘50和桿之間,設有充填件60。充填件60從頂上看之外形實質上為長方形,二對立之直長側,和二對立之外彎短側。在朝桿的側面,有桿接觸表面61,形狀適應桿表面形狀。在圖示具體例中,桿20為圓筒形。因此,桿接觸表面61是由充填件內之截面圓筒凹部所形成。選擇桿接觸表面61尺寸,在桿夾持於充填件和U形凹部5a底之間時,可提供所需負荷分佈。桿接觸表面61之對立表面62實質上平面,中央有圓筒形凸部63。圓筒形凸部63可插入內螺釘50下側所設相對應圓筒形凹孔51。內螺釘藉此相對於充填件轉動。凸部63在其自由端有外凸邊緣64,與內螺釘之相對應圓形凹部合作,使充填件可轉動自如支持於內螺釘。內螺釘在相反側又有凹部52,可供與工具結合。
桿20形成圓筒形管。
骨骼固定裝置所有組件均是生理相容性材料製成,例如鈦等金屬,或金屬合金,或生理相容性塑膠材料。
使用時,把二骨骼固定元件固定於二脊柱或二骨骼組件,要藉桿加以穩定。然而,把桿插入容納組件內。再把具有充填件的內螺釘插入,將內螺釘旋緊。
由第3a和3b圖可見,在充填件以其桿接觸表面61逼緊桿的表面時,管狀桿的變形可減到最少或根本不發生。在桿表面的均勻桿分佈,可防止桿變形。
如第4和6圖所示,第二具體例之骨骼固定裝置1’為多軸向型,包含骨骼固定元件2’,呈骨骼螺釘形狀,其幹部3有骨骼螺紋和尖端(圖上未示),以及頭部4。在圖示具體例中,頭部呈截面球形。在頭部4自由端設有與旋入工具結合用之凹部。
骨骼固定裝置又包括容納組件5’,具有第一端6和對立第二端7,中心軸線C貫穿分別由第一端和第二端界定之平面,以及同軸腔孔8從第一端延伸到距第二端一段距離處。在第二端7設有開口9,其直徑較腔孔8的直徑為小。球形段10設在接近開口9處,後者形成頭部4底座。形成底座之段,可呈其他形狀,例如錐形。
容納組件5’具有實質上U形凹部11,在第一端6開始,延伸至距第二端7一段距離處,以供容納桿20’。利用U形凹部11,形成二自由股部12,13。此外,容納組件3’又包括在股部12,13之陰螺紋14。
骨骼固定裝置1又包括施壓元件15。在圖示具體例中,施壓元件15呈實質上圓筒形構造,其外徑僅比腔孔8內徑稍小,使施壓元件15可引進腔孔8內,在軸向運動。在其朝向第二端7之下側,施壓元件15包括球形凹部16,其半徑實質上相當於骨骼螺釘的頭部4半徑。在對立側,設有實質上U形凹部17,其深度較桿20的直徑大。桿20連接至少二骨骼螺釘。利用U形凹部17,設有二自由股部18,19,當桿定置於施壓元件15內時,在桿20表面上方延伸。施壓元件15又包括同軸徑孔21,容許以旋入工具進出於螺釘頭部4。
骨骼固定裝置又包括充填件22,詳見第7至11圖。在圖示具體例中,充填件尺寸可在施壓元件之U形凹部17內滑動。有二對立平坦側壁,朝向施壓元件15之股部18,19內側。又有二對立之弧形側面24,24’。充填件22在其下側包括凹部25,以容納桿20。在圖示具體例中,桿20為圓筒形桿,凹部25適合桿20之形狀和尺寸。凹部深度小於或等於桿20的半徑,使充填件22能夠從上方施壓於桿20的表面。在凹部25的對立側,充填件22包括實質上平坦表面26。再者,包括同軸徑孔27。在同軸徑孔周圍設有接觸表面,從平坦表面26凸出。接觸表面例如為環形。
在第4圖所示之此具體例中,充填件22的維度,可使桿20置於施壓元件15之U形凹部17內,而充填件22置於桿之頂部時,呈組合狀態,表面26位於施壓元件15的股部18,19末端表面稍微下方。
骨骼固定裝置包括鎖定裝置29,供桿和頭部固定之用。在圖示具體例中,鎖定裝置29包含第一鎖定元件30,形成內螺釘,與容納件5’之陰螺紋14合作。例如第6圖所示,合作螺紋形狀為平坦螺紋。惟任何其他螺紋形狀亦可用。第一鎖定元件30包括結合結構32,供結合旋入工具,並有同軸螺紋徑孔33,供容納形成固定螺釘之第二鎖定元件31。第二鎖定元件31亦包括結合結構34,供結合旋入工具。在朝向桿之側面設有凸部35,形成可套入充填件22之徑孔27內,並容許充填件22和第二鎖定元件31之間轉動。
鎖定裝置29、施壓元件15和充填件22之維度,係在第6圖所示組合狀態時,第一鎖定元件30接觸施壓元件的自由股部18,19之上表面,但不接觸充填件22。第二鎖定元件31接觸第二鎖定元件22之接觸表面28,但不接觸施壓元件。藉此分別鎖定頭部4在容納件內之轉動位置,和桿20在固定裝置內之位置。
製作骨骼固定元件之材料,以身體相容性材料為佳,諸如鈦或鈦合金。
桿20’形成管,其壁至少一部份呈蝸形凹部40。蝸形凹部40具有彈性以對抗軸向屈曲力,在特殊用途方面,又可對抗扭力。蝸形凹部40之特性,諸如間距、凹部寬度、蝸形正確形狀和其他參數,可因桿20’的所示撓曲性質而異。桿20’又有芯部41,其直徑比管內徑為小。芯部41可設計成在管內滑動。製作芯部41之材料及其直徑或詳細形狀,經選擇以求達成桿20’所需彈性。例如,可設芯部41以增進屈曲管狀桿20’的剛性,例如避免糾結。
管狀桿20’可由骨骼固定元件的同樣材料,或其他材料製成。例如,桿可由顯示增進已知彈性的材料製成。此等材料可為彈性材料,或具有形狀記憶和/或超彈性之形狀記憶合金製成。
使用時,骨骼螺釘2、容納件5’和施壓元件15可預組合,使頭部4樞動保持在容納件5’內,而施壓元件15鬆弛保持並固定,以防在容納件5’內轉動。預組合骨骼固定元件旋入脊柱運動段之相鄰脊椎骨內。然後,把桿20’插入容納件內,使其置於施壓元件內,和容納件的U形凹部11底。第二充填件22可利用第二鎖定元件的凸部35延伸貫穿充填件的徑孔27,而鬆弛連接於第二鎖定元件31。然後,預組合鎖定裝置29連同充填件22,插入容納件內。容納件相對於骨骼螺釘的角度位置經最後調節,把第一鎖定元件30旋緊,將骨骼螺釘的頭渡4鎖定於此位置。由於第一鎖定元件30以其下表面銜接施壓元件股部18,19之上表面,而不碰到充填件22,頭部可利用施壓元件15加以固定。然後,調節桿20的位置。最後,旋緊第二鎖定元件31,直至壓緊充填件之接觸表面28。分別作用於施壓元件和桿間之摩擦力,保持桿於定位。
由充填件提供均勻負荷分佈於桿表面,可防止變形。所以,可在管狀桿內活動之芯部41,不因桿變形而卡住。
在進一步修改中,鎖定裝置只包括單一鎖定元件。在此情況下,施壓元件15無股部18,19,在桿的表面上方延伸。充填件壓住桿,桿壓住施壓元件,故頭部和桿同時固定。
鎖定裝置可有其他修飾,例如鎖定元件包括外部螺母或螺帽。充填件22可轉動連接於鎖定裝置之元件。上述二件式鎖定裝置亦可修改,例如第一鎖定元件50在其同軸徑孔內可有無螺紋段,其直徑比充填件大,使第一鎖定元件30不會碰到充填件的表面26。在此情況下,充填件可在股部18,19上方延伸。
容納件可設計成容許螺釘元件從底部引進。
桿可全部或部份呈管狀。芯部可省略。桿可為硬性,亦可全部或部份屈曲性。
可進一步修飾。骨骼螺釘可改設鉤狀或釘狀固定元件。上述諸具體例之元件可加以組合。例如二件式鎖定裝置亦可使用單軸向螺釘。
1,1’...骨骼固定裝置
2,2’...單軸向骨骼螺釘
3...幹部
4...截面球形頭部
5,5’...容納件
5a...U形凹部
5b,5b’..自由股部
5c...陰螺紋
6...第一端
7...第二端
8...同軸腔孔
9...開口
C...中心線
10...球形段
11...U形凹部
12,13...自由股部
14...陰螺紋
15...施壓元件
16...球形凹部
17...U形凹部
18,19...自由股部
20,20’...桿
21...同軸徑孔
22...充填件
24,24’...弧形側面
25...凹部
26...平坦表面
27...同軸徑孔
28...接觸表面
29...鎖定裝置
30...第一鎖定元件
31...第二鎖定元件
32,34...結合結構
33...同軸螺紋徑孔
35...凸部
40...蝸形凹部
41...芯部
50...內螺釘
51...圓筒形凹孔
52...凹部
60...充填件
61...桿接觸表面
62...充填件表面
63...圓筒形凸部
64...外凸邊緣
第1圖表示第一具體例骨骼固定裝置之分解圖;第2圖為第1圖骨骼固定裝置呈組合和固定狀態之透視斷面圖;第3a和3b圖簡略表示在較小和較大夾持力下作用下對桿夾持;第4圖表示第二具體例骨骼固定裝置之分解圖;第5圖表示第4圖骨骼固定裝置呈組合狀態之透視圖;第6圖表示第4圖骨骼固定裝置呈組合固定狀態之斷面圖;第7圖表示第4圖骨骼固定裝置組件的充填件之透視圖;第8圖表示充填件桿軸方向之側視圖;第9圖表示充填件轉動90°之側視圖;第10圖表示充填件之俯視圖;第11圖表示充填件仰視透視圖;第12圖表示習知多軸向骨骼螺釘連同桿之簡略斷面圖;第13圖表示使用習知多軸向螺釘和管狀桿的情況下,桿夾持之簡略圖。
1...骨骼固定裝置
2...單軸向骨骼螺釘
3...幹部
5...容納件
5a...U形凹部
5b,5b’...自由股部
5c...陰螺紋
20...桿
50...內螺釘
52...凹部
60...充填件
61...桿接觸表面
62...充填件表面
63...圓筒形凸部
64...外凸邊緣

Claims (12)

  1. 一種骨骼固定裝置,包括:一固定元件(2,2’),包括要固定於骨骼或脊椎骨內之一幹部(3),以及要連接於該幹部之一容納件(5,5’);一桿(20,20’),供連接至少二固定元件;其中該容納件(5,5’)包括凹部(5a,11),供容納該桿,又其中該桿有至少部份呈管狀;一鎖定元件(50,29),與該容納件合作,把該桿固定於該凹部內;一充填件(60,22),配置在鎖定元件(50,29)和該桿(20,20’)之間,施壓於該桿,把該桿鎖定於凹部內,該充填件包括一桿接觸表面(61,25),接觸該桿之一部份,其中該桿接觸表面之形狀適合桿之部份形狀;其中該鎖定元件(50,29)包括一第一鎖定元件(30)和一第二鎖定元件(31),而該充填件(22)與該第一鎖定元件或該第二鎖定元件連接者。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之骨骼固定裝置,其中該充填件(60,22)係轉動連接於該鎖定元件(50,29)者。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之骨骼固定裝置,其中轉動連接係由該充填件(60)或該鎖定元件上所設銷(63,35),分別與該鎖定元件或該充填件(60)所設洞孔(51,27)結合所建立者。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項骨骼固定裝置,其中該充填件(60,22)可在該容納件(5,5’)內滑動者。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項之骨骼固定裝置,其中與該充填件接觸之該桿部份係管狀者。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項骨骼固定裝置,其中該容納件(5)係單軸向連接一幹部(3)者。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項骨骼固定裝置,其 中該幹部(3)包括一頭部(4),樞動連接於該容納件(5)者。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之骨骼固定裝置,其中在該桿和該頭部(4)之間設有一施壓元件(15),施壓於該頭部,將該頭部鎖定於該容納件(5)內者。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項骨骼固定裝置,其中凹部(5a,11)呈實質上U形,具有二自由股部(5b,5b’;12,13),而鎖定元件(29)係內螺釘,與股部所設陰螺紋合作者。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項骨骼固定裝置,其中該桿在所連接骨骼部份運動時力量之作用下,至少部份具撓曲性者。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項骨骼固定裝置,其中該桿包括一芯部(41)者。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項之任一項骨骼固定裝置,其中該桿係金屬或金屬合金製之管者。
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US9655652B2 (en) 2017-05-23
CN101129272A (zh) 2008-02-27
CN101129272B (zh) 2012-11-28
ES2453196T3 (es) 2014-04-04
JP5275594B2 (ja) 2013-08-28
TW200812541A (en) 2008-03-16
US20080086132A1 (en) 2008-04-10
JP2008049166A (ja) 2008-03-06
EP1891904A1 (en) 2008-02-27
EP1891904B1 (en) 2013-12-25

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