TWI417289B - 製備具光學活性安卓幸之製程 - Google Patents
製備具光學活性安卓幸之製程 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI417289B TWI417289B TW100137549A TW100137549A TWI417289B TW I417289 B TWI417289 B TW I417289B TW 100137549 A TW100137549 A TW 100137549A TW 100137549 A TW100137549 A TW 100137549A TW I417289 B TWI417289 B TW I417289B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- SDYJYMBMSYYZIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyl-4-methylidene-3,3a,5,6,6a,8,9,10-octahydrobenzo[h][2]benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C=C1CCC2C(C)(C)CCCC32C(=O)OCC31 SDYJYMBMSYYZIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
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- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical group CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JWIPGAFCGUDKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L O[Cr](Cl)(=O)=O.C1=CC=NC=C1 Chemical group O[Cr](Cl)(=O)=O.C1=CC=NC=C1 JWIPGAFCGUDKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MXEXPEXPXQXOMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C-]#N.C[Ce+](C)C Chemical compound [C-]#N.C[Ce+](C)C MXEXPEXPXQXOMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PVRATXCXJDHJJN-QWWZWVQMSA-N dimethyl (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)OC PVRATXCXJDHJJN-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BNSOYWDFFBDEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy-(hydroxy(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium;pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1.O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O BNSOYWDFFBDEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 13
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- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GBJFSZCDZHSAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O GBJFSZCDZHSAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IGUSDJBZMGGERO-WCQYABFASA-N (4as,8as)-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,4,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1h-naphthalene-4a-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1C(=O)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)CCC[C@@]21C#N IGUSDJBZMGGERO-WCQYABFASA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QFLWZFQWSBQYPS-AWRAUJHKSA-N (3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[5-[(3aS,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-[1-bis(4-chlorophenoxy)phosphorylbutylamino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCCCC1SC[C@@H]2NC(=O)N[C@H]12)C(C)C)P(=O)(Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1)Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1 QFLWZFQWSBQYPS-AWRAUJHKSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930009674 sesquiterpene lactone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002107 sesquiterpene lactone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NRZWQKGABZFFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsulfonium Chemical compound C[S+](C)C NRZWQKGABZFFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/94—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom spiro-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems, e.g. griseofulvins
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Description
本發明為使用有機合成的方法,並搭配一種光學分割的技術,藉由天然之酒石酸甲酯所形成之非對映光學異構物,能成功地以矽膠管柱分離出,並將所獲得之酮縮醇光學異構物應用於安卓幸的合成上。
樟芝為一種藥用真菌,在臺灣民間醫學被使用作為補劑,具解毒劑功能,在治療酒精和藥物中毒,皮膚瘙癢中扮演著極為重要的角色,亦具有抗腫瘤的功效。安卓幸為由樟芝之甲醇萃取液中分離出,並經X光繞射判定其立體結構為倍半萜內酯類的化合物(Chiang,H. C.,Wu,D. P.,Cherng,I. W.,Ueng,C. H.Phytochem.
1995,39,613-616),最近更被證實是對各種癌症的強效拮抗劑,能對抗轉移性乳腺癌的MDA-MB-231細胞,其IC50
值為0.6 μM,以及作為Akt/mTOR的雙重抑制劑(Rao,Y. K.,Wu,A. T. H.,Geethangili,M.,Huang,M. T.,Chao,W. J.,Wu,C. H.,Deng,W. P.,Yeh,C. T.,Tzeng,Y. M.Chem. Res. Toxicol.
2011,24,238-245),因此引起高度的興趣。由樟芝所分離純化出已確定結構的化合物中,安卓幸的分子量小(MW=234),且具有特殊的生物活性,它有很大的潛力開發成為治療轉移性乳腺癌的臨床試驗試劑。由於安卓幸在生醫界的需求上具有相當的重要性,但是礙於現行的技術中,尚有許多問題極需解決,從自然界中所取得的安卓幸,無論在量以及方法上都有著一定的限制,唯有利用人工合成的方法,才是足以應付廣大的市場的需求。目前並無任何文獻報導相同之製程合成消旋安卓幸,亦無人以相同的合成製程合成具光學活性之安卓幸。
而在過去的合成技術上,由於已有相關文獻的記載(Dailey,O. D. Jr.,Fuchs,P. L.,J. Org. Chem. 1980,45,216-236;Armour,A. G.,Buchi,G.,Eschenmoser,A.,Storni,A.,Helv. Chim. Acta.
,1959,42,2233.),如圖1所示,可經由4-甲氧基苯乙酸生成消旋的化合物(±)-6的途徑,再以氰化加成反應,適宜的製備反式的化合物(±)-7。
利用此等合成技術已可大略的合成出所需求之反式十氫萘酮的消旋架構,雖然後續仍需利用繁瑣的修飾方式以及採用某些特殊且價格昂貴的試劑的作用下才有機會達成消旋安卓幸的生成,然而在這些嚴謹的條件作用下,仍會產生更多消旋的副產物的殘留,增加分離純化的工作,同時也隱藏著極大的風險,包含著一些可能的毒性物質於最終產物中。因此最大的挑戰,是在於掌性的合成光學異構物,因此有必要先進行光學分割,產生具光學活性的中間體,進而以直截了當生成安卓幸化合物的方式,高效進行安卓幸的製程,才能降低產品之價格,增進其純度及實用性。
本發明為一種製備式1光學活性安卓幸之方法,包括:
將式5化合物
與烯化試劑反應得到式1化合物,其中該烯化試劑為倫巴多試劑、二甲基鋅或鋅粉、1,2-二溴乙烷、二溴甲烷及三甲基矽的混合物。
式5化合物是由式4化合物
與氧化試劑反應得到,其中該氧化試劑為吡啶氯鉻酸或吡啶二鉻酸。
式4化合物是由具光學活性的式3化合物
在鹼金屬化合物存在下與聚甲醛於有機溶劑中進行甲醛化反應得到,其中鹼金屬化合物較佳為鋰化合物、鋰氧化金屬磷酸鹽或鋰氧化金屬氧化物,更佳為雙(三甲基矽基)氨基鋰,有機溶劑較佳為乙腈、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、丙酮、丙醚、丁醚、第三丁醇、甲苯、苯、乙醚、異丙醚、異丁醚、甲醯二甲胺或1,4-二噁烷,甲醛化反應溫度介於-78℃至-40℃之間。
式3化合物是由式3化合物掌性雙醇有機化合物縮酮與乙二醇、對甲苯磺酸反應生成式6化合物
,再與還原劑反應得到,其中還原劑較佳為二異丁基鋁氫。
式3化合物掌性雙醇有機化合物縮酮是由掌性雙醇與消旋的式7化合物
反應後分離得到,其中掌性雙醇為式2化合物
其中W1
、W2
、W3
與W’1
、W’2
、W’3
為H、C1-6
烷基、C2-6
烯基、C2-6
炔基、鹵素或C6
H5
;X1
與X2
為O、S、C1-6
烷基或NH;Y1
、Y’1
與Y2
、Y’2
為H、OH、C1-6
烷基或SH,且Y1
≠Y’1
、Y2
≠Y’2
;Z1
與Z2
為H、C1-6
烷基或C6
H5
;且m與n為0、1、2或3。
式7化合物是由式8化合物
在烷基鋁存在下與三甲基矽氰於有機溶劑中反應得到,其中該烷基鋁較佳為三乙基鋁或三甲基鋁,有機溶劑為乙腈、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、丙酮、丙醚、丁醚、第三丁醇、甲苯、苯、乙醚、異丙醚、異丁醚、甲醯二甲胺或1,4-二噁烷。
由於氰化反應為高危險性的,尤其是需利用到高濃度的氰化氫氣體以及長時間的反應時間等都是需克服的障礙,因此本發明改採用三甲基矽氰(TMSCN)來替代氰化氫,依據先前已發表之文獻方法(Ihara,M.,Katsumata,A.,Egashira,M.,Suzuki,S.,Tokunaga,Y.,Fukumoto,K.,J. Org. Chem.
1995,60,5560-5566;Suryawanshi,S. N.,Fuchs,P. L.,J. Org. Chem.
1986,51,902-921;Nagata,W.,Yoshioka,M.,Hirai,S.,J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1972,94,4635-4643;Utimoto K,Wakabayashi Y,Horiie T,Inoue M,Shishiyama Y,Obayashi M,Nozaki H.,Tetrahedron
1983,39,967-973),依賴三乙基鋁與三甲基矽氰對共軛烯酮(Enone)進行非對稱的1,4加成反應,可生成反式氰化的十氫萘酮。如此不但加大氰離子於溶液中的反應濃度來減少反應時間,且在不可逆反應的條件下增加動力學控制產物之生成速率等兩種策略,進而增進反式氰化的十氫萘酮的產率。
而由於製備反式氰化的十氫萘酮化合物作為起始物,所設計的策略方式,就是為了要滿足光學活性這一需求,解決之道是採用天然的酒石酸甲酯與消旋的化合物(±)-(7)反應(Demuth,M.,Schaffner,K.,US Patent No. 4,461,687),得以形成酮縮醇(ketal)的混合物,其為55:45之非對映光學異構物-化合物(-)-8與(+)-9(圖2),再藉由矽膠管柱色層分離可分別得到此兩種非對應光學異構物。
所以利用此發明的結果,可將消旋的酮基以掌性雙醇(式2)在甲苯溶劑中進行分子間酮縮醇反應,而達到光學分割的效果。
由於所產生之掌性的中間體-化合物(-)-8必需確認為符合安卓幸的立體結構,因此將此酮縮醇掌性中間體去除保護基,如圖3得化合物(-)-7,除了可提供材料來進行下一步的反應外,並將其結晶以X光繞射來驗證其正確性,由圖4顯示化合物(-)-7之絕對的立體結構與安卓幸的架構吻合。
針對目標產物的需求,可逐步將官能基直接添加至主體架構上,如圖5,本發明之化合物(-)-8的酒石酸保護基直接更換為乙二醇,以便以二異丁基鋁氫(DIBAL)來還原氰基為醛基(Zoretic,P. A.,Zhang,Y.,Fang,H.,Ribeiro A. A.,Dubay,G.,J. Org. Chem
. 1998,63,1162-1167),而在接下來的加酸處理過程中,則順便除去乙二醇的保護基,獲得掌性的中間體-化合物(+)-11,下一步則為添加甲醛進行偶合反應(Kato,M.,Hatsumura,Y.,Heima,K.,Pukamiya,N.,Kabuto,C.,Yoshikoshi,A.,Tetrahedron
,43,711-722),對於接納甲醛分子於正確部位與獲致立體結構,本發明嘗試了不同於傳統的合成概念,採用較為強烈的手段,利用高倍數劑量的甲醛,在短時間內增加偶合之甲醛分子與位置選擇性的考量,提昇結合的機會。正確之立體結構會與化合物(+)-11之醛基以內酯醇的方式形成穩定之五員環架構,不正確之立體結構會藉由外加能量的幫助下,可逆式的強迫甲醛分子退出已偶合的位置,而利用這種醛基與甲醛間的結合方式,可促進立體與部位之選擇性,雖然產率不到一半,且為非對映光學異構物之混合物-化合物12,但已形成具有完整構型的安卓幸。
而最後的修飾製成方式,則採用PCC氧化的方式(Luzzio,F. A.,Fitch,R. W.,Moore,W. J.,Kelli,J.,Mudd,K. J.J. Chem. Edu
.,1999,76,974-975),轉化內酯醇為內酯-化合物(-)-13,隨後採用倫巴多(Lambardo)試劑來烯化酮基(Lombardo,L.,Tetrahedron Letters
,1982,23,4293-4296;Skepper,C. K.,Quach T.,Molinski T. F.,J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2010,132,10286-92),在結束整個合成反應後,僅需利用簡易的清洗步驟,使用一般的層析操作,再利用結晶的方式將最終產物純化出,即可獲致具光學活性之安卓幸。所合成之安卓幸經與天然之安卓幸比對,其1
H NMR、13
C NMR、熔點和旋光度均吻合。
本發明率先利用有機合成的方法,以簡捷高效率的概念,在酒石酸甲酯協助下進行光學分割,形成具光學活性的分子後,修飾其架構,並進而形成所需的安卓幸。本發明所使用的基材,皆為利用市面上可購置的材料,實施例一乃依據文獻的記載(Dailey,O. D. Jr.,Fuchs,P. L.,J. Org. Chem.
1980,45,216-236;Armour,A. G.,Buchi,G.,Eschenmoser,A,,Storni,A.,Helv. Chim. Acta.
,1959,42,2233),並沿用其步驟來製備起始物4,4a,5,6,7,8-六氫-5,5-二甲基-2(3H)-萘酮-化合物(±)-6。
實施例一:以化合物3(6-甲氧基-2-四氫萘酮,6-methoxy-2-tetralone)製備化合物(±)-6(4,4a,5,6,7,8-六氫-5,5-二甲基-2(3H)-萘酮,4,4a,5,6,7,8-Hexahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-naphthalenone)。
製備化合物4(3,4-二氫-1,1-二甲基-6-甲氧基-2(1H)-萘酮,3,4-Dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-6-methoxy-2(1H)-naphthalenone):將化合物3(51.1 g;0.290 mol)溶於175毫升的苯,逐滴添加於氫化鈉(17.6 g;0.73 mol)及碘甲烷(56.0毫升;0.90 mol)於300毫升的苯的懸浮液中,在5-10℃下,反應40分鐘。將混合物在在5-10℃下攪拌30分鐘,然後在室溫下反應15小時,添加乙醚(200毫升),將有機相以水、10%氫氧化鈉溶液,和鹽水(240毫升)清洗,並以硫酸鎂(MgSO4
)脫水。去除溶劑和隨後的蒸餾中獲得甲基化的粗產物;沸點115-116℃(0.6-0.65 torr)[文獻沸點:108-113℃(0.5-0.6 torr)]。隨即將粗產物、85%的KOH(51克)、500毫升的乙二醇,與97%的肼(hydrazine)(68毫升;2.05 mol)混合,加熱到130℃超過1小時後,然後加熱回流21小時。將冷卻後的混合物倒入600毫升的水中,以正己烷(5×300毫升)萃取。匯聚之有機層以鹽水(225毫升)清洗和脫水(MgSO4
),真空去除溶劑後,獲得45.5 g(82.6%)的化合物4為淡黃色的液體。
其次將化合物4(9.29 g;48.8 mmol)與10毫升的乙醚和100毫升的液態氨置於配備了乾冰凝汽器、液態氨入口和橡皮塞之250毫升三頸瓶中,於迴流狀態下逐漸添加金屬鋰(40釐米;1.69 g,0.244 mol)到三頸瓶中,30分鐘後,將乙醇(14.2毫升;0.244 mol)通過滴漏斗以30分鐘的時間緩慢添加。15分鐘後,再添加10毫升乙醇於還是藍色的混合物中,讓氨氣於無色混合液中蒸發,將殘留物以100毫升的水和50毫升萃取分層(3×50毫升)。匯集之有機相以50毫升的鹽水清洗和硫酸鎂乾燥。溶劑蒸發後獲致氫化後之粗產物9.08 g為軟的白色固體。將其溶在200毫升的四氫呋喃中與濃鹽酸5毫升攪拌2小時後,待20分鐘無明顯變化後,將反應混合物以飽和的碳酸氫鈉溶液120毫升中和,分離水層與有機層,水層以乙醚120毫升萃取。匯聚之有機層再與80毫升的鹽水清洗和脫水(MgSO4
),減壓蒸發溶劑後,再加入100毫升的乙醇加熱迴流2小時,將化合物5,轉化為化合物(±)-6,溶劑濃縮後,殘留物以矽膠層析管柱純化,以6%乙酸乙酯-正己烷沖提,溶劑除去後獲致7.32g(84.7%)的化合物(±)-6,為黃棕色的液體。
IR
(KBr,cm-1
):3327,2959,2871,1675,1614,1453,1255,874,478.HRMS
(M+
):C12
H18
O計算值:178.14;實測值:178。
1 H NMR
(400MHZ,CDCl3
)δ:5.29-5.89(t,1H,J=2,1.8),0.81(s,3H),1.04(s,3H),2.38-2.43(m,2H),2.05-2.27(m,4H),1.46-1.8(m,5H)(圖6)。
13 C NMR
(100MHz,CDCl3
)δ:200.02,165.94,125.88,53.45,47.17,41.53,36.78,36.05,35.75,29.68,21.84,21.76,21.32(圖7)。
實施例二則採用新方法與試劑來製備已知的消旋化合物-化合物(±)-7。
在0℃將1M Et3
Al於甲苯中的溶液(2.45毫升;2.33mmol)與5.5毫升的四氫呋喃置於裝有橡皮塞與N2
進口的二頸瓶中,使用針筒注射器緩慢的以10分鐘加入TMSCN(0.203毫升;2.05mmol)於10毫升四氫呋喃的溶液,經過20分鐘的攪拌後,緩慢的在30分鐘內添加
4,4a,5,6,7,8-六氫-5,5-二甲基-2(3H)-萘酮-化合物(±)-6(0.166g;0.932mmol)於10毫升四氫呋喃的溶液,添加完成後,將反應混合物回升至室溫並加熱迴流20小時,然後使用飽和的NaHCO3
溶液中和反應溶液,再以乙酸乙酯(3×20毫升)萃取,將有機相以硫酸鎂(MgSO4
)脫水,過濾後減壓蒸發溶劑。將產生的殘留物與3.5毫升的HIO4
(10%水溶液)和12毫升的四氫呋喃在室溫下攪拌40分鐘。然後用水稀釋再以乙酸乙酯(3×20毫升)萃取反應混合物。匯聚之有機層以飽和的NaHCO3
溶液(50毫升)、鹽水(50毫升)清洗和脫水(MgSO4
),減壓濃縮去除溶劑後,殘留物以矽膠層析管柱純化,使用10%乙酸乙酯-正己烷為沖提溶劑,溶劑除去後獲致0.156g(80%)的化合物(±)-7為白色的晶體,熔點:52-53.5℃。IR
(KBr,cm-1
):3420,2937,2869,2228,1721,1455,1370,1213,1087,944,756,594,497.LRMS
(M+
):C13
H19
NO計算值:205.147(M+
):實測值:205.149。
1 H NMR
(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ:1.019(s,3H),1.071(s,3H),2.57-2.65(m,2H),2.28-2.32(m,2H),2.05-2.15(m,2H),1.8-1.9(m,2H),1.28-1.69(m,6H)(圖8)。
13 C NMR
(100MHz,CDCl3
)δ:205.68,121.93,53.27,51.06,41.33,41.21,40.76,38.58,33.53,31.84,24.16,20.03,19.55(圖9)。
接下來採用縮酮反應進行光學分割,獲致新穎的光學異構物。
將化合物(±)-7(1 g;4.8 mmol)連同L-酒石酸二甲酯(4.5 g;24 mmol)和對甲苯磺酸(92 mg;0.48 mmol)溶於30毫升的甲苯溶液中,並配備丁斯塔克陷阱於氮氣下加熱迴流24小時。然後將反應溶液冷卻到室溫,並將其以飽和的碳酸氫鈉溶液(~30毫升)清洗。由此產生的碳酸氫根層乙酸乙酯萃取液(3×40毫升),匯聚其有機層以硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾減壓濃縮去除溶劑後,得到1.7 g殘留物,再使用矽膠管柱色層分離(二氯甲烷),溶劑除去後可分別得到此兩種非對應光學異構物-化合物(-)-8(626毫克,35%)和化合物(+)-9(420毫克)。IR
(KBr,cm-1
): 2951,2867,2232.93,1761,1745,1629,1438,1368,1280,1217,1209,1133,1103,1057,1011,987,917,812,748.HRMS(M+H)
: C13
H19
NO(M+H)計算值:266.1838;實測值:266.1906,[α]24.5 D
=-42.7(c=1;CHCl3
)。
(-) 8: 1 H NMR
(400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 0.924(s,3H),1.07(s,3H),0.95-0.0.99(dd,1H,j=2.8,2.72),1.19-1.25(m,2H),1.49-1.66(m,3H),1.74-1.87(m,3H),1.95-1.99(m,1H),2.09-2.13(1H,dd,j=16,3) 2.17-2.21(1H,dd,j=16.72Hz,2.8Hz) 4.76(1H,d,j=4.96Hz),4.88-4.89(1H,d,j=4.92)(圖10)。
13 C NMR
(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 170.23,169.92,123.19,112.69,52.86,52.82,52.33,47.18,41.27,39.37,38.00,36.78,33.27,32.10,21.92,19.94,19.36(圖11)。
實施例四:製備反式1,1二甲基-6-(1,3-二噁戊烷)-十氫萘-4a-腈(1,1-dimethyl-6-(1,3-dioxolane)-decahydronaphthalene-4a-carbonitrile)化合物(-)-10
將化合物(-)-8(2.1 g;5.36 mmol)連同乙二醇(3.6毫升;53 mmol)和對甲苯磺酸(20 mg)溶於30毫升的甲苯溶液中,並配備丁斯塔克陷阱於氮氣下加熱迴流4小時。然後將反應溶液冷卻到室溫,並將其以飽和的碳酸氫鈉溶液(~30毫升)清洗。由此產生的碳酸氫根層與乙酸乙酯萃取液(3×40毫升),匯聚其有機層以硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾減壓濃縮去除溶劑後,再以矽膠層析管柱純化,使用10%乙酸乙酯-正己烷為沖提溶劑,獲純化的白色固體-化合物(-)-10(1.25gm,產率89%)[α]25.8 D
=-44.9(c=1;CHCl3
)。IR
(KBr,cm-1
): 3446,2948,2934,2231,1449,1366,1267,1184,1119,1085,949,814,763.HRMS
(M+
): C15
H23
NO2
計算值:249.1729(M+
);實測值:249.1733。
1 H NMR
(400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 0.923(s,3H),1.07(s,3H),3.89-3.92(m,2H),4.01-4.07(m,2H),2.03-2.073(dd,1H,J=2.76,16.4 Hz),1.8-1.98(m,4H),1.46-1.70(m,5H),1.19-1.29(m,2H),0,96-0.99(dd,1H,J=2.6,14.64Hz)(圖12)。
13 C NMR
(100 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 123.62,107.03,64.77,64.27,52.43,46.36,41.35,39.40,38.01,36.17,33.28,32.13,22.12,19.93,19.37(圖13)。
實施例五:製備反式1,1-二甲基-6-氧-十氫萘-4a-醛(1,1-dimethyl-6-oxo-decahydronaphthalene-4a-carbaldehyde)-化合物(+)-11
在室溫下將化合物(-)-10(443 mg;1.77 mmol)溶於4.8毫升的甲苯中,置於裝有橡皮塞與N2
進口的二頸瓶中,使用針筒注射器緩慢的以10分鐘加入二異丁基鋁氫DIBAL(1M溶液於己烷中)(2.2毫升;2.117 mmol)。添加完成後,將反應混合液攪拌2小時。然後,在0℃下添加1 N HCl(20毫升)到反應混合液,用乙酸乙酯(10毫升)稀釋反應混合液後,於室溫下再攪拌4小時。將反應混合液以乙酸乙酯萃取(10×30毫升)。匯集有機提取物經NaHCO3
的飽和溶液清洗、以硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾減壓濃縮去除溶劑後,高真空條件下獲得半固態之產物-化合物(+)-11(370毫克、100%產量)。[α]22.7 D
=+5.9(c=1;CHCl3
)。IR
(KBr,cm-1
): 2962,2877,1708,1459,1376,1311,1260,1223,1069,947,867,530。
1 H NMR
(400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 9.93(s,1H),2.55-2.60(m,1H),2.31-2.33(m,1H),2.074-2.25(dd,1H,J=2.32,17.12Hz),1.88-2.07(m,3H),1.54-1.88(m,5H),1.29-1.41(m,2H),1.01(s,3H),0.75(s,3H)(圖14)。
13 C NMR
(100 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 208.30,205.73,53.48,51.81,51.52,41.46,41.03,35.42,33.58,31.36,21.96,21.87,19.01(圖15)。
實施例六:製備內酯醇酮(1-羥基-7,7-二甲基-4-氧-十氫萘并[1-c]呋喃;1-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-decahydro-naphtho[1-c]furan)-化合物12
製備甲醛四氫呋喃溶液:將聚甲醛(paraformaldehyde;7克)置於100毫升單頸圓底燒瓶在真空80℃條件下1小時,以便完全除水。然後將裝有橡皮塞和N2
氣體之圓底燒瓶,加熱至140-160℃到生成單體的甲醛氣體,通過導管通過N2
流氣,到另一內含40毫升四氫呋喃的單頸圓底燒瓶,在-78℃攪拌40分鐘,如此產生的四氫呋喃溶液則立即投入使用。
將LHMDS(3.48毫升;3.48 mmol)溶於置於4毫升四氫呋喃中,於-78℃攪拌下添加含化合物(+)-11(0.330 g;1.584 mmol)之四氫呋喃(3毫升)溶液,然後攪拌5小時,通過聯接通道連接的兩個圓底燒瓶於-78℃,將上述反應混合液添加甲醛四氫呋喃溶液(40毫升)。添加完成後,在相同的溫度下將反應混合液攪拌15分鐘,然後逐滴添加氯化氨的水溶液,和以乙醚萃取(3×30毫升)。匯集有機層萃取液,經水和鹽水清洗、以硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾減壓濃縮去除溶劑後,高真空條件下獲得白色半固態之產物。使用矽膠層析管柱分離(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷=10:90)獲得化合物12之白色固體(180毫克、47.7%產量)。IR
(KBr,cm-1
): 3401,2950,2925,1711,1457,1419,1264,1096,1024,900,861,761,740,614.HRMS
(M+
): C14
H22
O3
計算值:238.1569(M+
);實測值:238.1575。
1 H NMR
(400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 5.4(s,1H),4.65-4.67(dd,1H,J=1.52,10.04Hz),3.71-3.75(t,1H,J=7.04Hz),3.20(s,1H),2.58-2.61(m,1H),2.40(d,1H),2.26-2.32(m,2H),2.17-2.19(d,1H,J=6.72Hz),1.78-1.92(m,3H),1.50-1.56(m,3H),1.20-1.34(m,2H),1.00(s,3H),0.93(s,3H)(圖16)。
13 C NMR
(100 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 209.20,100.26,62.33,56.98,52.57,50.56,42.25,41.34,37.31,34.16,32.21,22.99,21.51,19.87(圖17)。
實施例七:製備內酯酮(7,7-二甲基-4-氧-八氫萘并[1-c]呋喃-1(3H)-酮;7,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-octahydro-naphtho[1-c]furan-1(3H)-one)化合物(-)-13
將化合物12(160毫克;0.67 mmol)溶於二氯甲烷(20毫升),在室溫攪拌下添加吡啶氯鉻酸(290.8毫克;1.35mmol)。再攪拌6小時。然後是用乙醚60 ml稀釋並通過矽藻土床過濾。濾液蒸發後,得到白色固體。使用矽膠層析管柱以二氯甲烷沖提,獲得化合物(-)-13(137毫克,86%)的白色固體。IR
(KBr,cm-1
): 3435,2950,2918,2852,1762,1718,1465,1368,1262,1120,1019,763,750,704,616.HRMS
(M+
): C14
H20
O3
計算值:234.1412;實測值:236.1415;[α]22.7 D
=(-)-63.4(c=1;CHCl3
)。
l H NMR
(400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 4.77-4.75(d,1H,J=9.2Hz),4.26-4.30(m,1H),2.66-2.69(dd,1H,J=15.4Hz),2.47-2.49(d,1H,J=5.64Hz),2.38(m,1H),2.16-2.20(dd,1H,J=1.56,14.88Hz),2.02-2.05(m,1H),1.43-1.77(m,5H),1.28-1.32(td,1H,J=2.96,16.72Hz),1.19(s,3H),1.035(s,3H)(圖18)。
13 C NMR
(100 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 207.93,175.95,65.17,59.31,49.60,49.08,42.08,41.39,35.73,33.44,33.25,22.08,22.05,18.58(圖19)。
實施例八:製備安卓幸-化合物(-)-1
製備倫巴多(Lombardo)試劑:將鋅粉(571毫克;8.73 mmol)置於20毫升裝有橡皮塞的玻璃瓶中在高真空下以火焰短暫乾燥。當冷卻後,將小瓶填充N2
和添加無水四氫呋喃(7.1毫升),以及1,2-二溴乙烷(1,2-dibromoethane;82毫克;0.44 mmol)和三甲基氯矽烷(TMSCl,9.5毫克;0.087 mmol)。攪拌10分鐘後,添加二溴甲烷(dibromomethane;494毫克;2.84 mmol)。將混合液冷卻到-40℃後,以5-10分鐘緩慢添加TiCl4
(385毫克;2.03 mol)。以45分鐘將暗黑稠狀的混合液升溫到0℃,經20小時後添加1毫升無水四氫呋喃來協助攪拌。然後在此溫度攪拌2天,即可獲得倫巴多試劑。
製備安卓幸:在0℃下將倫巴多試劑(400 μL;0.161 mmol)添加到含內酯化合物(-)-13(10毫克;0.0423 mmol)的二氯甲烷(600 μL)溶液,混合液被升溫到室溫後攪拌30分鐘,然後用乙醚稀釋(2毫升)並以飽和NaHCO3
(2毫升)萃取。將產生的雙相混合液大力攪拌5分鐘,然後分開有機層和含水層,將含水層用乙醚(2×2毫升)萃取。匯集有機層用鹽水清洗(2毫升)、以硫酸鈉乾燥,在減壓力下濃縮。使用矽膠層析管柱分離(乙酸乙酯/正己烷=10:90)獲得化合物(-)-1之白色結晶固體(9.7毫克,98%產量)。HRMS
(FAB+
): C15
H22
O2
計算值:234.1620(M+
);實測值:234.1624。
1 H NMR
(400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 0.92(s,3H),1.17(s,3H),1.20-1.24(dd,1H,j=3.12,2.4,5.88,19.32Hz),1.31-1.37(m,2H),1.40-1.56(m,3H),1.76-1.81(m,2H),2.12-2.15(dm,1H,J=1.64,15.08Hz),2.16-2.13(m,1H),2.32(m,1H),2.65-2.67(d,1H,J=6.68Hz),4.13-4.15(dd,1H,J=1.4,1.32,10.84,8.12Hz),4.45-4.49(q,1H,J=6.84,2.64,6.8),4.794-4.795(d,1H,J=0.52Hz),4.82(s,1H)(圖20)。
13 C NMR
(100 MHz,CDCl3
) δ: 178.33,146.63,111.12,69.34,54.07,48.39,46.54,41.91,36.73,33.17,33.03,30.31,22.29,22.07,18.68(圖21)。
IR
(KBr,cm-1
): 3073,2950,2856,1766,1724,1662,1456,1444,1376,1261,1100,1120,1063,1019,986,897,797,747,498。
圖1、Fuchs合成反式1,1-二甲基-6-氧-十氫萘-4a-腈的途徑。
圖2、光學分割反式1,1-二甲基-6-氧-十氫萘-4a-腈。
圖3、去除酒石酸保護基。
圖4、反式1,1-二甲基-6-氧-十氫萘-4a-腈-化合物(-)-7的X光繞射晶體結構。
圖5、製備光學活性安卓幸的製程。
圖6、化合物6之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖7、化合物6之13
C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖8、化合物7之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖9、化合物7之13
C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖10、化合物8之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖11、化合物8之13
C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖12、化合物10之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖13、化合物10之13
C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖14、化合物11之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖15、化合物11之13
C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖16、化合物12之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖17、化合物12之13
C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖18、化合物13之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖19、化合物13之13
C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖20、化合物(-)-1(安卓幸)之1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
圖21、化合物(-)-1(安卓幸)之13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
)光譜圖。
Claims (14)
- 一種製備式1光學活性安卓幸之方法,包括:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該烯化試劑為倫巴多試劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該式5化合物是由式4化合物
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該氧化試劑為吡啶氯鉻酸或吡啶二鉻酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該式4化合物是由具光學活性的式3化合物
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該鹼金屬化合物為鋰化合物、鋰氧化金屬磷酸鹽或鋰氧化金屬氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該有機溶劑為乙腈、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、丙酮、丙醚、丁醚、第三丁醇、甲苯、苯、乙醚、異丙醚、異丁醚、甲醯二甲胺或1,4-二噁烷。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該甲醛化反應溫度介於-78℃至-40℃之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該式3化合物是由化合物(-)-8
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該還原劑為二異丁基鋁氫。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該化合物(-)-8是由掌性雙醇與消旋的式7化合物
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該式7化合物是由式8化合物
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之方法,其中該烷基鋁為三乙基鋁或三甲基鋁。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之方法,其中該有機溶劑為乙腈、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、丙酮、丙醚、丁醚、第三丁醇、甲苯、苯、乙醚、異丙醚、異丁醚、甲醯二甲胺或1,4-二噁烷。
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Hang Shi et al., "Total Syntheses of Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenoids Enabled by a Gold-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Volume: 133, Issue: 38, Pages: 14944-14947, Published: Aug 23, 2011 * |
OD. Dailey et al., "Synthesis of a Model for The BCE RingSystem of Bruceantin. A Caveat on the Cyclohexene → Trans Diaxial Diol Conversion ", JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Volume: 45, Issue: 2, Pages: 216-236, Published: 1980 * |
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CN103044373B (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
US8658806B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
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