TWI277368B - Laser thermal transfer donor including a separate dopant layer - Google Patents
Laser thermal transfer donor including a separate dopant layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI277368B TWI277368B TW092116382A TW92116382A TWI277368B TW I277368 B TWI277368 B TW I277368B TW 092116382 A TW092116382 A TW 092116382A TW 92116382 A TW92116382 A TW 92116382A TW I277368 B TWI277368 B TW I277368B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light
- donor
- donor element
- dopant
- Prior art date
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- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003648 triterpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
1277368 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 士本發明有關-種供體元件及—種製造有機電致發光叫 1置--亦稱為有機發光二極體(〇LE⑺的方法。 【先前技術】 在具有彩色像素諸如紅色、綠色、及藍色像素(通稱為 RGB像素)陣列之彩色或全色彩有機電致發光(叫顯示器 (亦稱為有機發光二極體裝置或沉印裝置)中,產生色彩之 有機EL媒質需要準確地圖案化,以產生Rgb像素。基本之 OLED裝置-般具有陽極、陰極及夹置於該陽極與陰極之間 的有機EL媒g 該有機队媒f可由—或多層有機薄膜構成 ’其中—層主要用以生成光或電致發光。此種特別層通常 稱為有機EL媒質之發光層。其他存在於該有機㈣質中之 有機層主要可提供電子傳輸功能,稱為電洞傳輸層(用於電 洞傳輸)或電子傳輸層(用於電子傳輸)。於全色彩顯示面板 中形成咖像素時,需設計-種準確地將有機EL媒質之發 光層或整體有機EL媒質圖案化之方法。 電致發光像素一般係藉由蔭罩技術(shad〇w __ techniques)諸如US_A_5,742, i 29所示,形成於該顯示器上。 雖然此方法有效,彳曰盆ig 士 ,, 、 仁,、具有嚴重缺點。其係難以使用蔭罩 >去得到高解析度之傻| 又(像素尺寸。而且,基材與蔭罩板間存在 對準之問冑’故需謹慎地於適當之位置形成像素。當期望 增加基材尺寸時,難以操作該陰罩板來 之像素。 85949 1277368 已知供體材料多年來皆使用於影像之雷射熱乾燥轉移, 如US-A_4,772,582及其中之參考資料所教示。 供髀妃 二 邊万法使用 η板,以忌射光束加熱,使染料自供體载# ^ ,杳絲# …、轉移至接收體 求轉移不同色彩。此方法係使用於高品 干PT y 貝〜像,但未教 不bL材料之轉移。 適於圖案化得到高解析度〇LED顯示器之 係揭不於 G咖de等人之US_A_5,85 !,中。此種方法係、包括下列程 序之步驟:1}提供具有相對之第一及第二表面的基材 於該基材之第一表面上形成透光性隔熱層;3)於該隔熱層 上形成吸光層;4)於該基材上配置自該第二表面延伸至^ 隔熱層之開口陣列;5)於該吸光層上形成可轉移之色彩^ 成性有機供體層;6)準確地對準該供體基材與該顯示基材 ,使該基材中之開口與該裝置上之對應色彩像素之間成一 定向關係;及7)採用輻射源,於位在該開口上之吸光層上 產生足量之熱,使位於該供體基材上之有機層轉移至該顯 示基材上。Grande等人之研究的問題在於該供體基材上之 開口陣列需要進行圖案化。另一個問題係該供體基材與該 顯示基材之間需要準確的機械性對準。另一個問題是該供 體圖案固定,而無法輕易改變。
Uttman及Tang (1^八-5,688,55 1 )教示一種有機紅材料之 圖案化轉移’其係自末經圖案化之供體板轉移至E]L基材。
Wolk等人之一系列專利(US-A-6,1 14,088 ; US-A-6,140,009 ;118-八-6,214,520;及1^-八-6,221,553)教示一種可將£二裝 置之發光層自供體元件轉移至基材上之方法,其係使用雷 85949 1277368 各層係為該裝置之功能所 射光束加熱該供體之特定部分 運用之操作或非操作層。 此等方法中,含有電致發光材料 刊7十之供體係猎輻射加熱, 轉移至可能已經含有一部分主動梦菩 勁衣置之接收體上。該裝置 可隨之藉由施加其他層而完成。μ 疋欣此方法利用適當之含有電 子或電洞導體主體及摻雜物之供體來進行色彩的圖宰化。 最終發光裝置需含㈣混合以得到良好發光性之摻雜物。 困難的是同時蒸發兩種或多種材料,且保持固定之控制比 例。此等經輕射-轉移之裝置的發光性亦需改良效率。 因此,本發明之目的係充分控制摻雜物/主體之比例,以 製造供體。本發明另一目的係經由本發明在所製得之裝置 中達到良好之色彩及效率。 此目的係藉由一種適用於製造OLED裝置的供體元件達 成,其包含: a) —供體載體元件; b) —吸光層’配置於該基材上,因應光而產生熱; c) 一主體材料層,配置於該吸光層上;及 d) —摻雜物層,配置於該主體材料層上,使得該供體元件 與該OLED裝置成一轉移關係,當吸光層吸收光時,產 生熱以使主體材料及摻雜物材料自該吸光層蒸發轉移 ’而於該OLED裝置中產生至少部分混合。 供雷射熱OLED轉移使用之供體之結構係具有與位於吸 光劑/基材上之主體分離之層狀摻雜物。若個別使用,則各 85949 1277368 層本身於最終裝置中係非操作層。在轉移時,該摻雜物充 分混合使其活化’而於單—操作層(發光層)中生成純淨有 效之色彩。此使得供體可製成隸,而非遇合層,簡化製 造過程。 、因為可個別控制該摻雜物與主體之絕對配置,且與沉積 速率無關,故供體材料較製造較為簡易。 【實施方式】 ”顯示器”或,,顯示面板,,一辭係用以表示可電子顯示影像 或文字之螢幕。"像素"—辭係㈣其於技術界公認之用法 ,表示顯示面板可被刺激以個別發光之區域。,,〇ledi, 一辭 使用其於技術界公認之;t義,表示包含有機發光二極體以 作為像素之顯示裝置。彩色〇LDE裝置發射至少兩種色彩之 光1多色彩” 一辭係用以描述可於不同區域發射不同色調 之光的顯示面板。尤其用以描述可顯示不同色彩之影像的 顯示面板。此等區域並非必然是連續的。,,全色彩"一辭係 用以表示可發射出可見光譜之紅、綠及藍色區域且可顯示 任何色調組合之影像的多色彩顯示面板。該紅色、綠色及 藍色構成三原色,可藉由適當地混合此三原色而生成所有 其他色彩。”色調”一辭意指發射光在可見光譜内之強度曲 線,不同色調具有視覺上可辨視之色彩差異。該像素或次 像素通常用以表示一顯示面板中最小之可定址單元。就單 色顯示器而言,像素與次像素之間沒有分別。,,次像素,,一 辭係使用於多色彩顯示面板,用以表示像素中可個別定址 ,以發射特定色彩之部分。例如,藍色次像素係為一像素 85949 1277368 可被定址以發射藍光之部 堂白八-店& 巴矽顯不态中,像素通 书〇 3二原色次像素,即藍色、綠色 ^ a # . w 、,、色。間距,,一辭 …:不在顯示面板中分隔兩像素或次像素之距離。因 此,二人像素間距意指兩個次像素之間的間隔。 麵圖1a出示供體元件1〇之結構的-具體實例之剖面圖。供 二件1〇最少係包括一可撓性供體載體元件14,其包含供 體兀件10之非轉移表面32。 中之任一種製得,至…下;14可由數種材料 王V付σ下列要求·該供體載體元 4 需可於光變熱誘發之轉移步驟(同時於一面上加壓)中,及 除揮發性成份諸如水蒸汽之任何預熱步驟中保持結 性。此外,該供體載體元件Η之-表面上需可接受 才目對缚之有機供體材料塗層,且在經塗覆載體所預期之儲 =期間’保持該塗層不降解。符合此等要求之載體材料包 例如金屬箱、特定塑膠薄片(其玻璃態化溫度值高於使該 載體上之塗層中之可轉移有機供體材料進行轉移的載體溫 度值)及纖維強化塑膠薄片。雖然適當之載體材料的選擇可 視已知之工程研究而定,但已知在構成可用於進行本發明 之供料载體時’值得進一步考慮特定載體材料之特定層面 j例如,該載體在預先塗覆可轉移有機材料之前’會需要 多步驟清潔及表面製備程序。在使用來自適當之閃光燈泡 的閃光幸田射或來自適當之雷射的雷射光時,若該載體材料 係為輻射透射型材料,則於該載體内或其表面上摻入輻射 吸收性材料有助於較有效地加熱該供體載體且對應地使 可轉私有機供體材料更有效地轉移至該基材上。 85949 1277368 吸光層16係配置於供體載體元件 於供體載體元件14上, 吸光層16可配置 吸收預定光❸卩^ 置於中間層上。吸光層16可 七人九〇曰口光’對應於該光產生敎。吸光# 16可 包含染料,諸如us_A_5 578 41^ …、光層16了 碳、或金屬諸㈣1’、鈦^列示之染料、顏料諸如 配=!Γ°尚包括主體材料層18中之主體材料,或直接 峨==或於中間層"1。主體材料可包括電洞傳輸 稀釋2 。於〇LED裝置中,該主體材料係用以 稀釋繼物材料,以抑制自身驟冷(seif,nching)。該 主體亦可修飾該摻雜物之發光特性,以得到不同色調。 可作為主體材料之電洞傳輸材料眾所周知地包括諸如芳 族三級胺之化合物’其中已知後者係為三價氮原子的化合 物其3有至少一個僅鍵結於碳原子,且其中至少一個係 為芳知%之一員《於一型式中,該芳族三級胺可為芳基胺 諸如單芳基胺、二芳基胺、三芳基胺、或聚合芳基胺。 例示之單體二芳基胺係由Klupfel等人說明於US_A_ 3,180,730中。其他經一或多個乙烯基取代且/或包含至少一 個έ有/舌性氫之基團的適當三芳基胺係由Brantley等人揭 示於 US-A-3,567,450及 US-A-3,658,520 中。 更佳一類芳族三級胺係為包括至少兩芳族三級胺部分者 ’如US_A_4,720,432及US_A_5,061,569所描述。該化合物係 包括結構式(A)所示者。
A 85949 -11 - 1277368 其中: Q丨及Q2個別係為所選揠夕名达— 勹〜擇之方奴二級胺部分;且G係為具 有碳對碳鍵結之連接基團,諸如伸芳其,w ^ ^ 3 π方基、伸環烷基、或伸
烷基。於一具體實例中,Q YU# ^ 宁至夕一者含有多環稠合 裱結構,例如萘。當G係為 万签才具適當地為伸苯基、伸 聯苯基、或萘部分。 ^ ^ 滿足結構式(A)且含有兩個二芳 / 方暴月女部分之可使用三芳 基胺通係由結構式(B)表示··
B T2 R1—c~ R3 R4 其中: R1及R2個別表示氫焉 #使少 一 —a 飞穿'子、方基或烷基,或Ri及R2—起表 不元成一環烷基之原子;且 R3及R4個別表示关其 土 ’其又被經二芳基取代之胺基所取 代,如結構式(C)所示:
具中 R5及R6個別係為所撰 , 所璉擇之芳基。於一具體實例中,心 6 二者含有多環稠合環結構,例如萘。 ^ —、、及胺係為四芳基二胺。期望之四芳基二 (丁、包括兩個經由伸
方基連接之二芳基胺基,諸如通式(C 85949 -12 - 1277368 示。可使用之四芳基二胺係包括下式(D)所示者 其中: 各Are係個別選伸芳基,諸如伸苯基或蒽部分; η係為1至4之整數;且
Ar、R7、118及尺9係個別選擇之芳基。 典型具體實例中,Ar、R7、I及R9中至少一者係為多環 稠合環結構,例如,莕。 具有前述結構式(A)、(B)、(〇、(D)之各種烷基、伸烷基 、方基及伸芳基各可經取代。典型取代基係包括烷基、烷 氧基彡基、芳氧基、及鹵素諸如氟、氯、及溴。各種烷 基及伸烷基部分一般含有約丨至6個碳原子。該環烷基部分 可含有3至約1〇個碳原子,但一般含有五、六、或七個環碳 原子,例如ί哀戊基、環己基及環庚基環結構。該芳基及伸 芳基部分通常係為苯基及伸苯基部分。 電洞傳輸層可由單一或混合之芳族三級胺化合物形成。 詳言之,其一可採用三芳基胺,諸如滿足通式(Β)之三芳基 胺,結合有四芳基二胺,諸如通式(D)所示。當三芳基胺與 四芳基二胺結合使用時,後者係為夾置於三芳基胺與電^ 注射及傳輸層之間的薄層。可使用之芳族三級胺實例有下 列化合物: 1,1_雙(4 -二-對-甲苯基胺基笨基)環己烧 85949 -13- 1277368 Μ-雙(4-二-對-曱苯基胺基苯基)-4-苯基環己烷 4,4^ -雙(二苯基胺基)聯四苯 雙(4-二甲基胺基-2-甲基苯基)-苯基甲烷 N,N,N-三(對-甲笨基)胺 4-(二-對-甲苯基胺基)-4f-[4(二-對-甲苯基胺基)-苯乙烯基] 二苯乙烯 Ν,Ν,Ν’,Ν^四-對-甲苯基二胺基聯苯 队队1^,!^-四苯基-4,4、二胺基聯苯 N-苯基咔唑 聚(N-乙烯基咔唑) Ν,Ν^二-1-莕基-N,N'-二苯基-4,4f-二胺基聯苯 4,4f-雙[N-(l-莕基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 4,4^雙[Ν-(1-莕基)-N-苯基胺基]對-聯三苯 4,4’-雙[N-(2-莕基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 4,4’-雙[N-(3-苊基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 1,5-雙[N-(l-莕基)-N-苯胺基]萘 4,4f-雙[N-(9-蒽基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 4,4"-雙[N-(l-蒽基)-N-苯胺基]對-聯三苯 4,4’-雙[N-(2-菲基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 4,4’-雙[N-(8-螢蒽基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 4,4’-雙[N-(2-嵌二莕基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 4,4’-雙[^-(2-丁省基)-;^-苯胺基]聯苯 4,4’-雙[N-(2-二莕嵌苯基)-N-苯胺基]聯苯 4,V-雙[N-(l-暈苯基)-Ν-苯胺基]聯苯 85949 -14 - 1277368 2,6-雙(二·對-曱苯胺基)萘 2.6- 雙[二、(1-莕基)胺基]莕 2.6- 雙[Ν·(1-莕基)-N-(2-萘基)胺基]茶 N,N,N’,N、四(2-莕基)-4,4π-二胺基-對_聯三苯 4,41-雙{Ν-苯基-N-[4-(l-莕基)苯基]胺基}聯苯 4,4’_雙[Ν-苯基-Ν-(2-嵌二莕基)胺基]聯苯 2.6- 雙[Ν,Ν-二(2-莕基)胺]第 I5·雙[N-U-莕基)-Ν-苯胺基]莕 i υυν 另一類可使用之電洞傳輸材料係包括 夕班 —---ν1尸/τ述 之夕壞芳族化合物。此外’可使用聚合電洞傳輸材料,諸 如聚(Ν-乙烯基叶嗤)(PVK)、聚咕0各、^胺、及共聚 如聚(3,4-伸乙二氧基4吩)聚(4-笨乙烯續酸酿) PEDOT/PSS。 钓 包括8-羥基喳啉之金 頒可支持電致發光之 米長之波長的發光, 可作為主體材料之電子傳輸材料係 屬錯合物,類似衍生物(通式Ε)構成_ 有效主體化合物,尤其適用於較5〇〇奈 例如綠色、黃色、燈色及紅色。
Ε Μη+〈 其中: Μ係表示金屬; η係為由1至3之整數;且 85949 -15- 1277368 z於各情況下個別表 核的原子。 示完成至少具有兩 個稠合芳族環之 根據前文,該金屬可為單價、二 可例如為驗金屬’諸如鐘、納或=屬。該金屬 妈;或土金屬,諸如亀。通常可==如鎮或 合金屬的任何單價、-俨十 為有效之钳 葡士1 J早1貝一 4貝、或三價金屬。 z完成含有至少兩個芳族環之雜環核,其中至少—環係為 嗤或_%。其料-包括脂族及芳族環___可視需要㈣兩 必需環:合。為避免增加分子大小卻未改善讀,環原子 數目通常保持於1 8或較少。 可使用之經鉗合類喔星化合物實例如下: C0-1 ·二喔星鋁[別名,三(8-喹琳根基)鋁(ΙΠ)] C0-2·雙喔星鎮[別名:雙(8_峻淋根基)鎮(II)] C0-3 :雙[苯并{f>8-喳啉根基]鋅(π) C0-4 :雙(2 -甲基-8-峻淋根基)鋁(111),合氧基_雙(2_甲美 -8-喳啉根基)鋁(III) C0-5 :三喔星銦[別名,三(8-喳啉根基)銦] C0-6 :三(5-曱基喔星)鋁[別名,三(5-甲基-8-喹啉根基)絲 (ΠΙ)] C0-7 :喔星鋰[別名:(8-喳啉根基)鋰(I)] 9,10-二-(2-茶基)蒽(通式F)之衍生物構成另一類可支持 電致發光之有效主體材料,尤其適用於較400奈米長波長的 發光,例如藍色、綠色、黃色、橙色或紅色。 85949 -16- 1277368
R 、R、R3、R4、R5及R6係表示位於個環上之一或多個 取代基’其中各取代基係個別選自下列各組: 第1組 第2組 第3組 第4組 第5組 氫,或具有1至24個碳原子之烷基; 具有5至2 0個碳原子之芳基或經取代之芳基; 完成蒽基、嵌二萘基、或二萘嵌苯基之稠合芳族 環所需的4至24個碳原子; a成夫南基嗓吩基、咕°定基、峻琳基或其他雜 環系統所需之具有5至24個碳原子的雜芳基或經 取代之雜芳基; 具有1至2 4個碳月不+ h产 ,、子之燒氧胺基、烷胺基或芳胺基 ;及 第6組··氟、氯、溴或氰基。 苯并唑類衍生物(通式G) ^ Α 構成另一類可支持電致發光之 有效主體材料,尤其適用於 之 .^於皮長較400奈米長之發光,例 Μ色、綠色、頁色、橙色或紅色。 85949 '17- 1277368
其中= η係為3至8之整數; Ζ係為0、NR或S ; R’係為氫;具有1至24個碳原子之烷基,例如丙基、第三 丁基、庚基、及其類者;芳基或具有5至20個碳原子而經雜 原子取代之芳S,例如苯基及萘基、呋喃基”塞吩基、吡 啶基”奎啉基及其他雜環系統;或^基,諸如氯、氟;或 完成稠合务族環所需之原子丨且 L係為由烷基、芳基、經取代之烷基、或經取代之芳基所 構成之鍵a單元,其係共輛或非共輊地接合多個苯并唾類。 可使用之苯并唾實例有2,2,,2”-(1,3,5-伸笨基)三[1-笨基 -1H-苯并咪唑]。 期望之螢光摻雜物係包括蒽、丁省、咕噸、二莕嵌笨、 、’工逢細曰豆素、右丹明(rhodamine)、。奎口丫。定嗣、二氰基 亞曱基外匕痛化合物、口塞喃化合物、聚甲炔化合物、氧雜笨 鐵及硫雜苯鐵化合物、及羥基苯乙烯基(carb〇styryl)化合物 。可使用之換雜物的實例係包括—但不限於—下列化合物: 85949 -18- 1277368
85949 -19- 1277368
85949 -20- 1277368
其他有機發光材料可為聚合物物質,例如聚伸苯基乙烯 衍生物、二烷氧基-聚伸笨基乙烯、聚-對-伸苯基衍生物、 及聚苐衍生物,如Wolk等人於共讓與US-A-6,194,119B1及 其中參考資料中所教示。 另一具體實例中,主體材料層可包括兩種或多主體材料 。或附加主體材料可包含另一配置於主體材料層1 8上之薄 85949 -21 - 1277368 層。 供體元件ίο尚包括摻雜物層2〇, 1 8卜$舜展 6人 /、係為位於主體材料層 8上之復層,包含一或多種參 要机七蝴心雅物材科。摻雜物層20可配 置“才料層18與令間層上,或可直接配置於主體材料 層18上。當摻雜物層20直接配置於主體材料心上時,其 間形成界面2 1。供體恭雕齐处彳/ 虹載肢7°件14因此佔有非轉移表面32, 而摻雜物層20則佔有供體元件1〇 、科粆表面3 4。該摻雜物 層20以具有該主體材料層18之厚度的0·01至10%的厚度。咳 主體材料層18厚度之厚度以介於2.5奈米至⑽奈米間為佳 ,介於10奈米及50奈米間更佳。接雜物材料通常係選自高 螢光染料’而非碟光化合物,例如亦可使用wo 98/55⑹ 、WO 00/1885 1、W0 00/57676及貿〇 〇〇/7〇655所述之過渡 金屬錯合物。摻雜物材料一般是以於該主體材料中〇〇 1至 1 0重量°/〇之濃度進行塗覆。 選擇作為摻雜物之染料的重要關係為能帶隙電位之比較 值’能帶隙電位定義為該分子最高佔用分子執道與最低未 佔用分子執道之間的能量差。為有效地將能量自主體材料 傳送至摻雜物分子,必要條件為摻雜物之能帶隙小於主體 材料。已知之主體及發光分子包括—但不限於—揭示於 US-A-4,768,292 ; US-A-5,141,671 ; US-A-5,1 50,006 ; US-A- 5,151,629 ; US-A-5,294,870 5,484,922 ; US_A-5,593,788 5,683,823 ; US-A-5,755,999 5,935,720 ; US-A-5,93 5,72 1 ; ;US-A-5,405,709 ; US-A- ;US-A-5,645,948 ; US-A- ;US-A-5,928,802 ; US-A- 及 US-A-6,020,078。 85949 -22- 1277368 圖1 b顯示供體元件12結構之另一呈體容伽& M & π 呈 稱乃,、奴員例的剖面圖。此 貝,,,、體載體元件14先塗覆經圖案化之吸光層22 、:其可在預定光譜部分中吸光以產生熱,之後塗覆主 枓層广’最後是摻雜物層2〇。供體载體元件丨4因而佔有非 轉移表面32,而摻雜物層20則站有轉移表面34。輕射吸收 經圖案化層22包括轄射吸收性材料,可於預定光譜部 刀中吸光而產生熱。 /2a出示有機材料30藉由一種光處理法自供體元件10轉 土材36之某些部分上的剖面視圖。蒸發轉移於此處定 義^任何使材料轉移跨經一間隙之機制,諸如昇華、消融 、療發或其他過程。基材36可為有機固體、無機固體、或 有機與無機固體之組合物,提供自供體接收發光材料之— 表…可為剛性或可撓性。典型基材材料係包括玻璃、 塑膠、金屬陶瓷、半導體、全屬 孟屬乳化物、半導體氧化物、 亂化物或其組合物。基材%可為材料之均勾混合物 、材料之複合物、或多層材料。基材%可為基材,即 為一般用於IUfQLED之基材,例如主㈣列型低溫多晶石夕 TFT基材。基材36可為透光性或不透明,視所需之發光取 向而定。該透光性質係經由基材觀看概發射所需。此情 況下-般係採用玻璃或塑膠。經由頂面電極觀看η發射之 二二T體之透光特性不重要,因此可為透光性、 癌、A。使用於此種情況之基材係包括—但不限 於—玻璃、塑膠、半導體;… ^ ή 牛、陶兗及電路板材料,或任 何其他—般用於形成0LED裝置者,可或為被㈣列型裝置 85949 -23 - 1277368 或主動陣列型裝置。基材36可於此步驟之前塗覆其他層。 此具體實例中,供體元件10係使用吸光層16製借。吸光 與基材36(可為0LED裝置)放置成轉移關係。轉移關係 意指供體元件16放置成與基材36接觸’或保持與基材咐 -控制分隔。此具體實例中,供體元件_與基材%接觸 ,而間隙44係藉由薄膜電晶體4〇之結構及中間突起之表面 部分42保持。 來自雷射光源49之雷射光48圖案照射供體元件1〇之非轉 移表面32。雷射光源49可為例如紅外線雷射,其能量足以 形成進行本文所述之轉移的熱。熱能5〇係於雷射光撞擊 吸光層16時產生。將緊鄰於雷射光48之有機材料3〇加熱。 有機材料30被簡單繪成單層,但已知其可如本發明所述般
地表示夕層塗層,例如,摻雜物層2 〇配置於主體材料層U 上。此具體實例中,撞擊於供體元件1〇上之光大部分被轉 化成熱,但此現象僅發光於供體元件丨〇被選擇照射之部分 。光48被吸光層16吸收,產生熱能5〇。有機材料被加熱 部分有部分或完全進行昇華、蒸發或消融,係依圖案轉移 又成位於基材36之接收表面46上的被轉移有機材料52。因 此於主體材料及摻雜物材料上進行蒸發轉移,其包含各種 有機材料30層。當主體材料及摻雜物材料係自吸光層“轉 移時’其至少進行部分混合,於OLed裝置中變成經轉移之 有機材料5 2。 圖2b出示藉另一種光處理方法將有機材料3〇自供體元件 12轉移至基材38—可為OLED基材一之某些部分上的剖面 85949 -24 - 1277368
、此具體貝例中,供體元件丨2係使用成為經圖案化層 之輕射吸收性材料22製備。供體元件12係與基㈣放置^ 轉移關係,且相距一間隙54。閃光56照射非轉移表面& 閃光56撞擊輻射吸收性材料22時產生熱5〇。將緊鄰於經圖 案化=㈣吸收性材料22之有機材料3Q加熱。有機材料 3〇被簡單緣成單層,但已知其可如本發明所述般地表示多 曰k層例如,摻雜物層20配置於主體材料層丨8上。此具 體貝例中’投射於供體元件12上之光僅有一部分(即,直接 投射於輕射吸收性材料22上者)轉化成熱。有機材料30被加 …。卩刀有部分或完全昇華、蒸發或消融,沉積於〇led基材 接收表面46上’經轉移之有機材料52係依圖案方式轉 ^此私序可依於介於供體元件12與基材38間之間隙54中 提供減壓氛圍的方式進行。減壓氛圍意指壓力為冰耳或較 低其中平均自由路程一氣體分子在與其他氣體分子碰撞 門所行進的平均距離—大於介於該供體元件I〕與基材U 之間的間隙距離。此意謂著橫跨間隙54之材料與任何其他 殘留氣體碰撞之機率相當低。 現在麥照圖3,出示摻雜物材料混入該主體材料中之方式 的”面視圖’ Λ時摻雜物材料與主體材料進行蒸發轉移, 且係沉積於該其ϋ ι . 、、土材上。主體材料層18及摻雜物層20係轉移 '儿積於忒基材上,形成經轉移之主體材料層72、經轉移 抬雜物層76、及混合層74。混合層74係由位於該摻雜物 ”體材料之界面21上的摻雜物層2〇及主體材料層18形成 乜雜物材料與主體材料之混合可為部分混合或為完全混 85949 -25 - I277368 合。 現在參照圖4,剖面圖中出# 〇LED裝置之發光部分的姓 ,實例。〇LED裝置58係形成於基材36上,其於研究區中 復陽極層60。該導電性陽極層係形成於該基材上,且•透 2陽極觀看EL發射時,其對於所研究之發射應係^或 二質透明。本發明所使用之一般透明陽極材料係為氧化銦 :及氧化錫,但可使用其他金屬氧化物,包括—但不限於 了摻雜鋁或銦之氧化辞、氧化鎂銦、及氧化鎳鎢。除了此 等氧化物之外,可使用金屬氮化物諸如氮化鎵、及金屬硒 化物諸如砸化鋅、及金屬硫化物諸如硫化鋅,作為陽極材 枓。在透過丁頁面電極觀看EL發射之應用中,陽極材料之透 射特性不重要’可使用任何導電性材料,彡明、不透明或 反射性皆然。此應用所使用之例示導體包括—但不限於^ 金、銥、鉬、鈀及鉑。較佳陽極材料—透光與否—具有4 1 電子伏特或更大之功聽。期$之陽極㈣可藉任何適當 之方式諸如蒸發、濺射、化學蒸汽沉積或電化學方式沉: 。陽極材料可使用眾所周知之微影術進行圖案化。 、 OLED裝置58尚可包括電洞注射層62。雖非必要,但經常 於有機發光顯示器巾配置電洞注射層。該m射層可用 以改善後續有機層之薄膜形成性質’ i有助於將電洞注射 於該電洞傳輸層中。適用於電洞注射層之材料係包括—但 不限於_US-A-4,720,432所述之樸啉化合物、 6,208,075所述之經電漿沉積的氟碳化物聚合物。 用於有機EL裝置中之另一種電洞注射材料係描 及 US、A_ 記錄可使 述於EP 〇 85949 -26- 1277368 891 121 A1 及 ΕΡ 1,〇29,909 Α1 中。 〇LED裝置58尚包括電洞傳輸層64。電洞傳輸層64可包括 任何刖述電洞傳輸材料。期望之電洞傳輸材料可藉適當之 方式諸如蒸發、濺射、化學蒸汽沉積、或電化學方法沉積 。電洞傳輸材料可使用眾所周知之微影術進行圖案化。 OLED裝置58尚包括發光層66,其可藉本發明技術沉積。 可使用之有機發光材料係眾所周知。如US_A_4,769,292及 118-八-5,93 5,72 1所詳述,該有機]^元件之發光層(1^1^係包 含發光或螢光材料,於此處因為該區中之電子-電洞對重組 而產生電致發光。該發光層可包含單一材料,但較常見的 是由一主體材料組成,摻雜客體化合物或化合物等,其中 發光作用主要來自摻雜物,且可具有任何顏色。該發光層 中之主體材料可為如前文所描述之電子傳輸材料、如前文 所描述之電洞傳輸材料、或其他支持電洞-電子重組之材料 。主體材料中所含之摻雜物材料係如前所述。 OLED裝置58尚包括電子傳輸層68。期望之電子傳輸材料 可藉任何適當之方式諸如蒸發、濺射、化學蒸汽沉積、或 私化學方法沉積。電子傳輸材料可使用眾所周知之微影術 進仃圖案化。使用於本發明有機EL裝置之較佳電洞傳輸材 料係為金屬鉗合類喔星化合物,包括喔星本身之鉗合物(亦 稱為8奎林盼(qUin〇Hn〇i)或經基峻琳)。該化合物有助於 庄射及傳輸電子’兼具有高度性能且易製造成薄膜形式。 所需之類喔星化合物的實例係滿足前述結構式者。 其他電子傳輸材料係包括各種us_a-4,356,429k揭示之 85949 •27- 1277368 丁-㈣生物’及各種us_a_4,539,5q7所述之 =他= 冓式⑴之苯并。坐類亦可作為電子傳輸材料。a 其他電子傳輸材料可為爷人% 4 何n J為“物物質,例如聚伸笨基 衍生物、聚-對-伸苯基衍生物、 切水弗何生物、聚,塞吩、聚 乙炔、及其他導電性聚合物有機材料,諸如Handb00k w
Conductive Molecules and P〇lymers5 ed·,John Wiley and Sons,Chichester (1997)所列示者。 OLED裝置58尚包括陰極7G。經由陽極發光時,該陰極材 料可包含幾乎任何一種導電性材料。期望之材料具有良好 之薄膜形成性,以確定與底層有機層有良好之接觸,於低 電壓下促進電子注射,且具有良好之安定性。可使用之陰 極材料經常含有低功函數金屬(<4 〇電子伏特)或金屬合金 其中種車父佳陰極材料係包含Mg : Ag合金,其中銀之百 分比係為1至20%,如1;^八-4,885,22 1所述。另一類適當之 陰極材料係包括雙層,包含薄層低功函數金屬或金屬鹽, 上罩有較厚層之導電性金屬。其中一陰極係包含薄層LiF, 之後為較厚層之八1’如1^-八-5,677,572所述。其他可使用 之陰極材料係包括一但不限於一US-A-5,059,86 1 ; US-A- 5,〇59,862 ;及 US-A_6,140,763所揭示者。 透過陰極觀看發射光時,該陰極須透明或接近透明。就 此應用而言,金屬需薄或需使用透明導電性氧化物,或此 等材料之組合物。光學透明陰極已詳述於US-A-5,776,623 中。陰極材料可藉蒸發、濺射、或化學蒸汽沉積而沉積。 視需要’可經許多已知方法達成圖案化,包括—但不限於 85949 -28- 1277368 L孔罩幕 /儿積(through-mask deposition)、US-A-5,276,380 及 EP 0 732 868 所輻述之整體蔭罩(integrai shad〇w masking) 、雷射轉移及選擇性化學蒸汽沉積。 、見在乡π圖5,且亦參照圖2 a及2 b,出示經處理基材8 2 之平面圖,其係依本發明所述方式處理。有機材料川之預 定部分已依經轉移圖案80轉移至基材36。經轉移圖案8〇係 依與最終使用之經處理基材82 一致之方式形成(例如,經轉 移之圖案80係為已轉移至基材36上現存薄膜電晶體位置上 之0LED發光材料)。經轉移之圖案8〇反映了用來製備之方 法(例如,圖2b中成為經圖案化層之輻射吸收性材料22或圖 2a中雷射光48輻射之圖案)。 藉由下列對照實施例可進一步明瞭本發明及其優點。 供體元件實施例1 滿足本發明要求之供體元件係依下列方式構成: 1 · 3 0奈米之鉻吸光層真空-沉積於1 2 5奈米聚醯亞胺供體 基材上,基材具有約2微米高度之柔和紋路。 2.20奈米2-第三丁基-9,10-雙(2-莕基)蒽(丁8八]:)1^)層真空 沉積於該鉻層上,之後為第二層〇·25奈米四-第三丁基 二萘嵌苯(TBP)。 QLED裝豎實施例1 滿足本發明要求之〇L E D裝置係依下述方式構成· 1 ·於清潔之玻璃〇LED基材上,經由罩幕以氧化銦锡真空 沉積40至80奈米透明電極圖案。 2 ·形成之表面以電衆氧姓刻處理,之後電浆沉積〜〇 1奈 85949 -29- 1277368 米 CFX 〇 3· 170奈米電洞傳輸層νρβ真空沉積於該表面上。 4·供體元件實施例丨所製備之供體元件放置於Νρβ層頂 ,使用真空保持緊密接觸。藉由供體基材之紋路保持約 1微米之小間隙。該OLED基材需要發光之區域中,藉由 紅外線雷射光束穿透聚醯亞胺基材之輻射,自供體元件 轉移發光材料。光束大小約為23微米乘80微米至1/e2強 度點。該掃描係與寬幅光束方向平行。閉模時間為Μ 微秒’能量密度0.68焦耳/厘米2。 5· 35奈米三(8-羥基喹啉)鋁(ALq)電子傳輸層真空沉積於 該發光層上。 6·藉真空沉積共同沉積2〇奈米銀及2〇〇奈米鎂,於電子傳 輸層上形成電極。 供體元件貫施例2 對照供體元件係依供體元件實施例1之方式構成,不同處 係步驟2中,於該鉻層上共同沉積20奈米TBADN及0.25奈米 TBP,以形成混合供體。 OLED裝置實施例2 對照OLED裝置係依〇LED裝置實施例1之方式構成,不同 處係於步驟4中使用供體元件實施例2所製備之供體元件。 OLED裝tf施例3 對照OLED裝置係依0LED裝置實施例1之方式構成,不同 處為步驟4如下進行: 4. 0.25奈米TBP層係真空沉積於νρβ層上,之後為第二層 85949 -30- 1277368 t-butyl-6-(l,l,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran) (DCJTB)。 PLED裝置實施例5 滿足本發明要求之OLED裝置係依OLED裝置實施例1方 式構成,不同處係於步驟4中,使用供體元件實施例3所製 備之供體元件,於供體元件與OLED基材間使用金屬墊片間 隔器保持75微米之間隙。 供體元件實施例4 對照供體元件係依供體元件實施例3方式構成,不同處係 於步驟2中,20奈米ALQ及0.4奈米DCJTB真空沉積於該鉻層 上,以形成混合供體。 OLED裝置實施例6 對照OLED裝置係依OLED裝置實施例5方式構成,不同處 係於步驟4中,使用供體元件實施例4所製備之供體元件。 OLED裝t實施例7 對照〇LED裝置係依OLED裝置實施例1方式構成,不同處 係步驟4如下: 4.於NPB層上真空沉積0.4奈米DC JTB層,之後為第二層20 奈米ALQ。 OLED裝甏實施例8 對照OLED裝置係依OLED裝置實施例7方式構成,不同處 係於步驟4中,20奈米ALQ及0.4奈米DC JTB係真空沉積於該 NPB層上,以形成混合層。 裝置測試包括於所構成之OLED裝置上置以固定電流,偵 85949 -32- l277368 測光輸出。紅色DCJTB摻雜物發光易於偵測,係與主體aLQ 綠色發光不同之波峰。結果列於表2。 表2 實施例# 實施例 類型 CIEX CIE Y 於20 mA/cm2下 之亮度(cd/m2) 換雜物 發光? 5 本發明 0.58 0.40 300 是 6 供體對照例 0.63 0.37 192 是 7 雙層對照例 0.42 0.51 157 部分 8 混合層對照例 0.64 0.36 319 是 顯然當摻雜物以分離層形式蒸發沉積於標準〇LED裝置 中時,其並非作為主要發光來源,許多或所有之光發射皆 來自主體材料(實施例3,7)。為了有效地作為發光部位, 摻雜物需有效地混合於該主體材料中。意外的是,層狀供 體於輻射轉移時充分混合,產生良好色彩及有效之亮度。 幸田射轉和產生自供體轉移之發光層,摻雜物為分離層(實施 例1 5)如同摻雜物與主體材料混合之供體一般,其或自 供體轉移(實施例2,6)或直接沉積於〇LED裝置上(實施例4 ,8) 〇 、 本發明特色係包括 由雷射光源提供光 雷射光來自紅外線 尚包括在介於該供 供減壓氛圍的方法。 於下文。 之方法。 雷射之方法。 體元件與該OLED基材間之間隙中提 85949 1277368 壓力使平均自由路程大於介於該供體元件與該基材間之 間隙的方法。 【圖式簡單說明] 圖la出示本發明所製備之供體元件的結構之一具體實例· 圖lb出示本發明所製備之供體元件的結構之另一具體實 將有機材料自供體轉移 ’將有機材料自供體轉 圖2 a出示藉由一種光處理方法, 至基材之剖面視圖; 圖2b出示藉由另一種光處理方法 移至基材之剖面視圖; 視圖; 圖3出示摻雜物材料混合於該主體材料中 圖4出示例示〇LED裝 一 1心、、、σ稱的剖面視圖; 圖5出示本發明所製備之基材的平面圖。 因為裝置特性尺寸諸如料屏 ,故附圖刻度僅方便圖示二不::心次微米範圍^ 【圖式代表符號說明】 -有尺寸準確性。 1° 供體元件 12 供體元件 14 供體载體元件 16 吸光層 1 8 主體材料層 20 摻雜物層 2 i 界面 85949 -34- 輻射吸收性經圖案化層 有機材料 非轉移表面 轉移表面 基材 基材 薄膜電晶體 突起之表面部分 間隙 接收表面 雷射光 雷射光源 熱 經轉移之有機材料 間隙 閃光 OLED裝置 陽極層 電洞注射層 電洞傳輸層 發光層 電子傳輸層 陰極 經轉移之主體材料層 -35 - 1277368 7 4 混合層 76 經轉移之摻雜物層 80 經轉移之圖案 82 經處理之基材 -36 85949
Claims (1)
1277368 拾、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種適用於製造OLED裝置之供體元件,包含: a) —供體載體元件; b) —吸光層,配置於該供體載體元件上’因應光而產 生熱; c) 一主體材料層,配置於該吸光層上;及 d) —掺雜物層,配置於該主體材料層上,當該供體元 件與該OLED裝置係放置成轉移關係且該吸光層吸 收光時,產生熱使主體材料及摻雜物材料自吸光層 蒸發轉移,而於該OLED裝置中至少部分混合。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之供體元件,其主體材料層或其 他層中尚包括一或多種主體材料。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之供體元件,其中該摻雜物層係 直接沉積於該主體材料層上。 4*如申請專利範圍第3項之供體元件,其中該摻雜物層具 有為該主體材料層厚度之0.01 %至10%範圍内的厚度。 5· 一種適用於製造OLED裝置之供體元件,包含: a) —供體載體元件; b) —吸光層,配置於該供體載體元件上,因應光而產 生熱; c) 一或多層主體材料層,配置於該吸光層上;及 d) 一摻雜物層,配置於該主體材料層上,當該供體元 件與該OLED裝置係放置成轉移關係且該吸光層吸 收光時’產生熱使主體材料及摻雜物材料自吸光層 85949 1277368 蒸發轉移,而於該〇LED裝置中至少部分混合。 6 · 種於製造〇L E D裝置之方法中使用如申請專利範圍第 1項之供體元件的方法,包括下列步驟: a) 將該供體元件放置成與OLED基材成轉移關係,且與 該OLED基材相隔一間隙;及 b) 以光妝射该供體元件,形成足量之熱,使摻雜物材 料及主體材料個別沉積於該基材上,在介於該摻雜 物與主體材料間之界面上,該摻雜物材料混合於該 主體材料中。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該光係由雷射光源 提供。 其中該雷射光係來自紅 8·如申請專利範圍第7項之方法 外線雷射。 9. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其尚包括在介於該供體 元件與§亥OLED基材間之間隙中配置減壓氛圍。 11 10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該壓力係使得平均 自由路程大於該供體元件與該基材之間的間隙。 :種使用如申請專利範圍第5項之供體元件的方法,其 係使用於製造〇LED裝置之方法中,包括下列步驟: a)將該供體元件放置成與〇LED基材成轉㈣係,且與 該OLED基材相隔一間隙;及 w以光照射該供體元件’形成足量之熱,使換雜物材 枓及主體材料個別沉積於該基材上,在介於該摻雜 物與主體材料間之界面上’該摻雜物材料混合於該 主體材料中。 85949
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-
2002
- 2002-08-02 US US10/210,934 patent/US6939660B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-06-17 TW TW092116382A patent/TWI277368B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-21 EP EP03077293A patent/EP1426189A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-01 JP JP2003205330A patent/JP4437018B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-01 CN CNB03152527XA patent/CN1310772C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-02 KR KR1020030053606A patent/KR101004058B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2004071550A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1426189A2 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
KR101004058B1 (ko) | 2010-12-27 |
EP1426189A3 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
CN1480342A (zh) | 2004-03-10 |
CN1310772C (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
US6939660B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 |
TW200408310A (en) | 2004-05-16 |
JP4437018B2 (ja) | 2010-03-24 |
US20040029039A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
KR20040012609A (ko) | 2004-02-11 |
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