TWI247676B - Process for manufacturing a composite - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing a composite Download PDFInfo
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- TWI247676B TWI247676B TW91104165A TW91104165A TWI247676B TW I247676 B TWI247676 B TW I247676B TW 91104165 A TW91104165 A TW 91104165A TW 91104165 A TW91104165 A TW 91104165A TW I247676 B TWI247676 B TW I247676B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2311/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
- B29L2009/005—Layered products coated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/70—Food packaging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
1247676 A 7 ------- 五、發明説明(1 ) 爱A背景 本發明係有關於多層塗料紙及樹脂之複合物。 塗有聚合物之紙(多層塗料紙)可用於許多用途。例如, 多層塗料紙可用於製造各種食物容器,包括個人飲用量之 果汁包及冷凍食物盒。 樹脂也可用於多種用途,例如,用於食物包裝。由多層 塗料紙或樹脂製成之食物容器一般只用一次便丟棄。因 此’廢多層塗料紙及樹脂之量愈來愈多。 發明概述 一般而言,本發明之特徵爲經變形之多層塗料紙及樹脂 之複合物。 本發明之特徵爲一種複合物,包括至少約2重量%,更 佳至少約5重量%之經變形多層塗料紙及樹脂,如熱塑性 樹脂。複合物也可包括纖維素或木質纖維素纖維。 本發明又一特徵爲一種複合物,其包括聚乙烯及至少約 5 〇重量%之經變形多層塗料紙。 本發明再一特徵爲包括多層塗料紙及樹脂之複合物,其 撓曲強度爲至少約3,000 psi或抗張強度爲至少約3,〇〇〇 psi 0 經濟部中央標隼扁員二消费合作社印¾ 此外,本發明之特徵爲一種製造複合物之方法;該方法 包括將多層塗料紙剪切成變形多層塗料紙,然後將變形多 層塗料紙與樹脂混合。較佳方法包括用轉動刀裁切機剪切 夕層塗竹紙。本發明又一特徵爲一種製造複合物之方法, 該方法包括將多層塗料紙剪切並將多層塗紙與樹脂混 -4- 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS ) Λ4現烙(210a 37公(》 1247676 五 、發明説明( 2 經濟部中央標準貝工消费含作社印¾ 如此處所用,"變形多層塗料紙"一詞意指紙已被前 内邵纖維實質暴露之程度。i少約5〇%、更佳至二至 (這些纖維,以及外部聚合物纖維具有長度/:。 爲至少1〇、更佳至少25或至少50。變形多層 ^ 例顯示於圖i。 2村、..氏 < 實 本發明之複合物堅固、輕量及價廉。用以製造複人 ㈣輕易可獲得;❹,彼等可包含丟棄之樹脂所ς = 器’及丟棄之多層塗料紙所構成容器。 心 多層塗料紙可能難以回收,因爲對許多用途而+ 聚合物層必須分離。在本發明中,紙和聚合物兩;份都: 利用,故《需將兩者分離。本發明因此幫助回收丟 消費者谷器’同時製造有用之材料。 本發明之其他特徵及優點,自其較佳具體例之 清專利範圍,將很明白。 要說明 圖1爲變形多層塗料紙放大50倍之具體例之圖片。 .較佳具體例々説明 較佳複合物包括變形多層塗料紙及樹脂。 變形多層塗料紙提供複合物強度。複合物可包括約1 至約9〇%、更佳約50至約7〇%(以重量計)之變形 塗^ 紙。多層塗料紙之實例包括具多層聚合物及紙之物料,及 具多層聚合物,紙及鋁之物料。較佳多層塗料紙一 多層聚合物及紙者。 、’ ·.、一裡丹 - 本纸杀尺度適用中国S家標準(CNS ) Λ4^格 -5- 210 λ :97 ;Λ^
1247676 A” --___ ____ 一 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 多層塗料紙可有各種形式。例如,整張之處女多層塗料 、氏可自International紙公司(New York)購得。或者,可自 IlUernatlonal紙公司或其他紙製造廠購得多層塗料紙之廢 料。用過的多層塗料紙-丟棄食物及飲料容器之形式-可自 各種來源收集,包括垃圾桶。用過之多層塗料紙也可自該 物料之經紀商購得。若複合物中包括多層塗料紙,則應在 使用前澈底清洗。廢多層塗料紙爲較佳,因其較全張爲低 廉。 、 樹脂會將變形多層塗紙包膠並幫助控制複合物之形狀。 樹脂也會將外部負荷傳送至多層塗料紙並保護多層塗料紙 不受環境及結構破壞。較佳複合物包括約2 〇至6 〇重量 %、更佳約3 0至約5 〇重量%之樹脂。 樹脂之實例包括聚乙烯(包括,例如、低密度聚乙烯及 南密度聚乙烯)、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丁 烯、熱塱性聚酯、聚醚、熱塑性聚氨基甲酸酯、pvc、耐 綸及其他掛脂。樹脂較佳具低熔體流動指數。較佳樹脂包 括具熔體流動指數爲小於3克/ ;! 〇分、更佳小於i克/丨〇分 之聚乙細及聚丙缔。 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印¾ 樹脂可以處女物料購得,或以碎料或廢料獲得,且通常 以粒狀形式獲得。樹脂較佳以碎料或廢料獲得,因此等物 料較爲低廉。較佳樹脂爲用過之聚乙晞牛乳瓶。 複合物也包括偶合劑。偶合劑將幫助多層塗料紙之親水 性纖維黏合於疏水性樹脂。偶合-之實包“經馬來酸酐 改質之聚乙缔、如FUSAB0ND^·(可自杜邦公司,⑽請心 -6 - CNS ) ( 210X 297,:,vT7 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印裝 1247676 Α7 __ B7 " 一-. — 一— ____ __ 五、發明説明(4 ) 購得)及POLYBOND®(可自 Uniroyal化學公司,Connecticut 購得)系列。較佳偶合劑爲經馬來酸酐改質之鬲密度聚乙 晞,如 FUSABOND® MB 100D。 袓合物也包括纖維素或木質纖維素纖維。這些纖維提供 複合物之額外強度。併入複合物之纖維之量可視所要成品 之物理及機械性質而異。較佳複合物含有約5至5〇重量 °/〇,更佳約1 〇至約3 〇重量%之纖維素或木質纖維素纖 維。此等纖維之實例包括紙及紙產品,木材,木林纖維、 及與木材相關之材料,以及由洋麻、草、稻殼、蔗逢、 棉、黃麻及其他纖維素或木質纖維素物質所衍生之物料。 較佳纖維包括黃麻及洋麻。纖維可具有,例如,L/d比爲 至少10,或至少25或50。 複古物句可含有调合技藝所知的添加劑,如增塑劑、潤 滑劑、·抗氧化劑、濁化劑、熱穩定劑、色料、撞擊修改 劑、光穩定劑、阻燃劑、殺菌劑及抗靜電劑。 1料之製備 若使用廢多層塗料紙,則應加以清淨並烘乾。然後,在 和樹脂混合前,必須將多層塗料紙變形。多層塗料紙可使 用多種機械裝置之任何一種,或其組合予以變形。在變形 過程中’將聚合物層與紙層剪離,以使紙纖維暴露。較佳 之變形方法包括使用裁紙裝置先將多層塗料紙切成1/4_1/2 对]片。然後用轉動裁切機,如perry之Chem Eng Handbook(第6版,第8-29頁,ί98—斗)所述者(可自Spr〇ut,
Waldron公司購得),剪切這些小片。然後使變形之物料通 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項寫本頁) -裝· 、1Τ 本紙汝尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Λ>4堤格 〇χ π?公々) 1247676
Α7 IT 太 '發明説明(5 過2毫米篩網。變形多層塗料紙可貯存於密封袋中。使用 則遞在iO) C下將其烘乾4-18小時(直至含水量+於約 〇·5%)。圖式爲變形多層塗料紙之SEM圖片。 。 樹脂可以小粒或粗粒狀形式購得,且不必經進一步純化 或乾燥即可供用。然而,若小粒或粗粒樹脂表面存有水 份,則應在使用前予以乾燥。 若使用纖維素或木質纖維素纖維,則彼等可用上述方法 予以變形。 1合物之製借 複合物可如下製備。將標準橡膠/塑膠調合2_輥軋製機 加熱至325-40(TC。將樹脂(通常爲小粒或粗粒形式)如至終 加熱之軋製機中。約10分鐘後,將偶合劑加至軋製機 再過5分鐘後^將變形之多層塗料紙加至熔融樹脂/偶合劍 混合物中。變形多層塗料紙係於約1〇分鐘内加入。 自軋製機取出複合物,將其切成小片,其令其冷卻至室 溫。然後使用模壓成型技術,將其模要 槐或广將各原料加入-機,如班伯=咖混合 蛵濟部中央標準局員工消费合作杜印¾ 機内。將各原料混合,同時將溫度維持於低於約19〇r。 然後可將混合物壓製成型。 、广具體例中,可在擠壓混合機’如裝配共轉動螺旋 〈MARIS(Tunn)顶85擠壓機中,將各原料混合。樹脂及 :=在擠壓機進料喉加入;多層塗料紙(及纖維素或 貝纖,准m ^用時)則在擠壓機長度後段之約ι/3 ㈣樹脂中。擠壓機之内部溫係維持於低於約190 ^ 8 1247676
\Q 五、發明説明( 出口處,複合物冷股切(cold St—)造转。 ^者’混合物可先在混合機中製備,然 供進行擠壓及切粒步驟。 於璣κ 钟^另具缸例中,複合物可形成纖維以供針織,整經, '、曰、^及編織,及製造不钭榀 、二 可製成薄膜。織^在進—步具體例中’複合來 极合物之性暂 所得複合物包括包膠於樹脂基質内之纖維網構。 ::形:格子網構,而提供複合物強度。由於多層塗紙經 文/ ’ 4可供黏合於樹脂之表面積之量增加,而以未變形 夕層塗料紙製備I複合物則不然。樹脂將黏結於暴露纖續 <表面,而產生纖維網構與樹脂基質之密切掺合物。纖結 與樹脂基質(密切掺合將進_步加強複合物。纖維素咬木 質纖維素纖維也可加入以進一步加強複合物。 〃 / 用途 經濟部中央標準局負工消贽合作讧印製 多層塗料紙/樹脂複合物可用於若干用途。複合物很堅 固又輕量;彼等可用作^,例如,木材代替品。樹脂塗層 可使複合物防水,故彼等可用於室外用途。例如,複合物 可用於製造棧板,長時間放置於室外。複合物也可用作 爲,例如,合板產品之基底或骨架。而且,複合物據發現 可表面處理,控溝槽、軋製、成形、壓印、變形、壓縮、 打孔、考色等等。表面可作成平滑或粗縫。 以下實例係如下製亨。將標準橡膠/塑膠調合2 _輥軋製 -9- Μ0Χ297 公筇、 Μ氏乐尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) 1247676 A B* 五、發明説明 機加熱至325_4〇〇’C。將樹脂(通常爲小粒或粗粒形式)加至 經加熱之輕軋機。約1 〇分鐘後,樹脂連結慕(vl··即迄化並 熔合於輥)。然後將偶合劑加至輥軋機。再過5分鐘後, 將多層塗料紙加至熔融樹脂/偶合劑混合物中。多層塗料 紙係在約1 0分鐘内加入。 然後自輥軋機取出複合物,將其切成小片,並令其冷卻 至室溫。使用標準壓製成型技術,將每批約8 〇克之批料 壓製成型爲6" Χ6Π XI/8"薄片。 一組合物含有以下各原料: 用量(克) 160 240 8 組合物1號 原料 高密度聚乙烯1 多層塗料紙2 偶合劑3 1 Marlex 6007,熔點流動指數〇 65克/1〇分,市面上可自 Phillips公司購得。 2使用具2毫米篩網之轉動裁切機變形。 3 POLYBOND® 3009,市面上可自 Unir〇yal Chemical公司購 得。 · · 經濟部中央標準局.ί 一消费合;作杜印¾ 將薄片加工成適當試片,並根據指定方法所摘述之程序 測試。使用三種不同試片測試每一種性質,並計算每一試 驗之平均値。 組合物1號之性質如下: 抗張模量(105PS1) 8.63 (ASTM D638) -10- M氏乐尺度適用中a國家標準(CNS )八4規格 (:Ι〇Λ 1247676 五 '發明説明(δ 經濟部中央標準局〕貝工消资合作杜印製 耐裂抗張強度(psi) 最終伸長率(%) 撓曲強度(psi) 撓曲模量(105 psi)另一組合物含有以下原料· 鱼合物2號 亟料 高密度聚乙晞1 多層塗料紙2 偶合劑3 1廢牛乳瓶、熔體流動指數約〇.8克71〇分 2使用具2毫米篩網之轉動裁切機變形。 3 POLYBOND® 3009 組合物2號之性質如下: 抗張模量(105 psi) 斷裂抗張強度(psi) 最終伸長率(%) 挽曲強度(psi) 繞曲模量(105 psi). 第三組合物爲如下 組合物3號 原料 高密度聚乙烯1 多層塗料紙 偶合劑3 2 -11 本紙沬尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Λ4故诂(210X29,公筇 6820 (ASTM D638) <5 (ASTivl D638) 12,200 (ASTM D790) 6.61 (ASTM D790) 用量(克) 160 240 8 7.38 (ASTM D638) 6500 (ASTM D638) <5 (ASTM D638) 11,900 (ASTM D790) 6.50 (ASTM D790) 用量(克) 160 240 8 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項寫本頁) 裝· 1247676 Λ" Β7 五、發明説明(9 ) 1廢牛乳瓶、熔體流動指數約0.8克/10分。 一使用吳2笔术鄭網义轉勤戟切機變形n 3 FUSABOND® MD 100D,市面上可自杜邦公司購得。 組合物3號之性質如下: 7.08 (ASTM D638) 6480 (ASTM D638) <5 (ASTM D638) 10,200 (ASTM D790) 5.73 (ASTM D790) 抗張模量(105 psi) 斷裂抗張強度(psi) 最終伸長率(%) 撓曲強度(psi) 撓曲模量(1〇5 psi) 第四組合物含有以下原料 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 組合物4號 原料 用量(克) 高密度聚乙烯1 160 多層塗料紙2 240 偶合劑3 8 1 Marlex 6007,熔體流動指數約0.65克/10分 2使用具2毫米篩網之轉動裁切機變形 3 FUSABOND® MD 100D 组合物4號之性質如下: 抗張模量(1〇5 psi) 7.17 (ASTM D638) 斷裂抗張強度(psi) 6860 (ASTM D638) 最終伸長率(%) <5 (ASTM D638) 撓曲強度(psi) 12,200 (ASTM D790) 撓曲模量(1 〇5 psi) 7.50 (ASTM D790) 其他具體例都在申請專利範圍.之内 0 -12- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4ML格ί 210χ )
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1997
- 1997-09-02 US US08/921,807 patent/US5952105A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1998
- 1998-08-27 SI SI9820064A patent/SI20260A/sl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-27 PL PL33892998A patent/PL338929A1/xx unknown
- 1998-08-27 CN CNB988106728A patent/CN1211200C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-27 IL IL13470998A patent/IL134709A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-27 KR KR1020007002249A patent/KR20010023601A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-27 AU AU89225/98A patent/AU738266B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-08-27 DE DE1998634126 patent/DE69834126T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-27 UA UA2000031771A patent/UA61972C2/uk unknown
- 1998-08-27 JP JP2000508529A patent/JP2001514102A/ja active Pending
- 1998-08-27 DE DE1015242T patent/DE1015242T1/de active Pending
- 1998-08-27 EA EA200000278A patent/EA001353B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-27 AP APAP/P/2000/001751A patent/AP1177A/en active
- 1998-08-27 WO PCT/US1998/017753 patent/WO1999011453A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-27 EP EP19980941082 patent/EP1015242B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-27 EE EEP200000111A patent/EE200000111A/xx unknown
- 1998-08-27 YU YU11200A patent/YU11200A/sh unknown
- 1998-08-27 HU HU0004296A patent/HUP0004296A3/hu unknown
- 1998-08-27 TR TR200000573T patent/TR200000573T2/xx unknown
- 1998-08-27 CA CA 2302415 patent/CA2302415C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-27 BR BR9811742A patent/BR9811742A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-27 ES ES98941082T patent/ES2163382T1/es active Pending
- 1998-08-27 GE GEAP19985283A patent/GEP20022790B/en unknown
- 1998-08-27 NZ NZ503357A patent/NZ503357A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-27 SK SK291-2000A patent/SK2912000A3/sk unknown
- 1998-08-27 AT AT98941082T patent/ATE322379T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-01 TW TW87114488A patent/TWI241956B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-01 TW TW91104165A patent/TWI247676B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2000
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- 2000-03-01 NO NO20001044A patent/NO20001044L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-03-13 HR HRP20000143AA patent/HRP20000143A9/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
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2001
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