TW574355B - Heat-transfer fluid containing nano-particles and carboxylates - Google Patents

Heat-transfer fluid containing nano-particles and carboxylates Download PDF

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TW574355B
TW574355B TW90114850A TW90114850A TW574355B TW 574355 B TW574355 B TW 574355B TW 90114850 A TW90114850 A TW 90114850A TW 90114850 A TW90114850 A TW 90114850A TW 574355 B TW574355 B TW 574355B
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particles
carboxylate
fluid
heat transfer
heat
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Jean-Pierre Maes
Cecile Libot
Peter Roose
Serge Lievens
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Texaco Development Corp
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Description

經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 574355 A7 ____B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 頃發現該羧酸鹽可以與該金屬表面反應以形成安定物理 吸收或化學吸收羧酸鹽保護層。該分子層可以保護該超微 粒子免於腐蝕,並使該超微粒子在具有羧酸鹽組份之流體 中之膠悲落液或懸浮液安定化。不像經由傳統防蝕劑形成 之保護膜,該粒子表面上之羧酸鹽物理吸收或化學吸收層 並不會妨礙該粒子表面流體界面處之該傳熱性。使用傳統 防腐劑會形成相當厚保護層(其可保護該金屬免於腐蝕)。 然而,於該金屬表面-流體界面處之該熱交換效率會因爲 該保護膜之熱絕緣性質而減少。頃發現金屬超微粒子可以 t幾鹽處理以在該超微粒子之金屬表面上產生安定化學 吸收膜。已發現此種處理法可以使該超微粒子具有化學性 鍵結之抗蝕並抗溶劑保護性表面膜。可以在其它功能性流 體或肥包(例如,潤滑劑及潤滑脂)中使用該經羧酸鹽處理 之金屬超微粒子(nano-particles)以改良這些流體或肥皂之 導熱性。在該粒子上之該化學吸收羧酸鹽層可以提供防蝕 性並確保於該粒子表面獲得最佳傳熱特性。 本發明一方面係關於添加金屬或非金屬超微粒子至含C1 _ C16羧酸鹽之熱交換流體或引擎冷卻劑内以進一步經由增 加該流體之導熱性及熱容量以改良這些流體之傳熱特性。 本發明另一方面係關於添加金屬超微粒子至此種熱交換流 體或引擎冷卻劑之步驟。已發現這些流體所包含之該羧酸 鹽可以與該金屬超微粒子之金屬表面或氧化物表面互相作 用以形成安定物理吸收或化學吸收羧酸鹽保護層。該分子 層顯然可保護該超微粒子免於腐蝕。不像傳統防蝕劑,在 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2丨〇><297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} -訂 574355 經濟部中央樣準局員工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 該粒子表面上之該羧酸鹽物理吸收或化學吸收層並不會妨 礙該粒子表面處之該傳熱作用。
Maes 等人(ASTM STP 1192,第 11—24 頁,1993 年)描述與更 普遍之防蝕劑比較,經由羧酸鹽防蝕劑所得到之防蝕劑。 於靜態及動態條件下,以失重腐蝕試驗評估該羧酸鹽抑制 劑之效率。於動態條件下評估經由羧酸鹽防蝕劑在該金屬 表面上形成之該保護膜之熱性質,並與經由習用防蝕劑形 成之保護膜之該熱性質比較。如ASTM STP 1192,第n_24 頁中所述,在進行動態傳熱試驗中監測該金屬試樣胚之溫 度。維持固疋熱輸入量(2〇〇〇瓦特)。圖1表示以良好性能的習 用抑制劑及在冷卻劑溶液中之該羧酸鹽抑制劑所記錄的加 熱鋁試驗試樣之中段溫度。含該羧酸鹽抑制劑之該溶液之 中段金屬溫度維持於约17〇°C相當恆定,而該習用抑制劑 之中段溫度高出很多(在進行6〇小時試驗期後達到19〇Ό)。 由於各該流體之熱性質大約相同,所以,該溫差之起因爲 於該金屬-流體界面處所形成之該保護膜。已認爲該習用 抑制劑所形成之相當厚層會使該金屬產生熱絕緣現象,並 阻礙有效傳熱。在該試驗中,於該動態條件下,該保護膜 之絕緣性質會使該溫度上升。使用該羧酸鹽抑制劑時,該 溫度可維持相當恆定,其表示經由該羧酸鹽所獲得之保護 作用並不會干擾該金屬-流體界面處之該傳熱性。 已經由Darden等人(SAE論文900804,1990)描述羧酸鹽抑 制劑之暫行保護機構。該羧酸鹽陰離子可以與該金屬形成 複合物,且仍然與其固體晶格結合。並未形成大塊層,反 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2U)X297公楚) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 574355 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5 ) 而於該金屬表面之陽極位置處形成具微觀厚度之層。在經 由 Verpoort 等人著述之作品(Applied Spectroscopy,第 5 3 册,第12期,1"9年,第1528-1534頁)中有描述經由羧酸 鹽抑制劑形成之各層之進一步特性説明。借助於X -射線光 電子能譜術(XPS)及傅立葉(Fourier)變形紅外線(FT-IR)研究 於動態傳熱條件下所形成之羧酸鹽膜。根據該特性研究及 各種得自該文獻之意見,羧酸鹽防蝕劑之一般防蝕機構表 示在圖2中。該羧酸鹽可以在該金屬表面上形成安定物理 吸收或化學吸收羧酸鹽保護層。當使該試樣進行密集傳熱 時,可形成該化學吸收層。使該試樣胚之表面進行傳熱之 X P S分析清楚證明該化學性鍵結羧酸鹽之存在。甚至以溶 劑(例如,甲醇及丙酮)洗濯後,仍然發現該羧酸鹽键結存 在。 附圖 圖1表示在動態傳熱試驗條件中,經由習用及羧酸鹽防 蝕劑所形成保護膜對於試樣胚溫度之影響。 圖2表示經由羧酸抑制金屬腐蝕性之一般機構。 圖3爲表示含習用及羧酸鹽抑制劑之超微粒子之示意 圖。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 發明揭示文 含羧酸鹽抑制劑之超微粒子之流體應用。 本發明一項目的爲經由添加超微粒子(nano-particles)至含 羧酸鹽之熱交換流體中以使此等熱交換流體具有改良傳熱 特性。 -8 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(21〇、Χ 297公釐) 574355 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(6 ) 羧酸鹽可以使含超微粒子之流體具有改良傳熱性質。 如圖1關於鋁之説明,羧酸鹽可以與金屬表面反應以形 成安定物理吸收或化學吸收性叛酸鹽保護層。已發現在超 微粒子上之該分子層可保護該超微粒子免於腐蝕。不像由 傳統防蝕劑所形成之保護膜,該粒子表面上之該瘦酸鹽物 理吸收或化學吸收層(圖2 )並不會阻礙該粒子表面流體界 面處之該傳熱作用。反之,傳統防蚀劑會形成可保護該金 屬免於腐蝕之相當厚層。然而,該金屬表面·流體界面處 之該熱交換效率會因爲該保護膜之熱絕緣性質而減少。圖 3 &供金屬超微粒子如何經由本發明系統保護之圖示。 羧酸鹽可以使該超微粒子之膠態溶液或懸浮液安定化。 由於該羧酸鹽在溶液中之膠微粒結構及於該超微粒子表 面處之該物理吸收或化學吸收性羧酸鹽(圖2 ),已發現該 羧酸鹽可以使該超微粒子之流體膠態溶液或懸浮液安定 化。此爲比先前技藝系統還好之優點。 可以使用複酸鹽以處理超微粒子。 本發明另一項目的爲以羧酸鹽處理金屬超微粒子以在該 超微粒子之金屬表面上獲得安定化學吸收膜❶此種處理法 可以使該超微粒子具有不會阻礙傳熱之化學性鍵結防蝕並 抗溶劑之保護表面膜。 已經過叛酸鹽處理之超微粒子可用於其它引擎流體或肥皂 中。 本發明另一項目的爲在另一種功能性流體或肥包(例 如’潤滑劑及潤滑脂)中使用該已經過羧酸鹽處理之金屬 -9 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Μ規格(210χ297公羡) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 11
P 574355 A 7 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 超微粒子(nano-particles)以改良這些流體或肥皂之導熱 性。該粒子上之該化學吸收性羧酸鹽層可以提供防蝕性, 並確保該粒子表面處之最佳傳熱特性。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、11 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. 574355
    U4850號專利申請案 請專利範圍替換本(92年3月) 申請專利範圍 I 種改良傳熱流體或抗凍冷卻劑之傳熱特性之組合物, 其為超微粒子(金屬奈米粒子(metallic nano-particles))及 幾酸鹽之組合物。 2 ·根據申請專利範圍第〗項之組合物,其係為具有一或多 種酸或羧酸鹽及超微粒子(金屬奈米粒子)之組合 物0 3·根據申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其係為具有一或多 種卟。5羧酸或其鹽當中一種鹽,一或多種C6_C16羧酸 或其鹽,及超微粒子(金屬奈米粒子)之組合物。 4.:種改良流體之傳熱性之方法,其包括添加已經過至少 種Ci-Cm羧酸或羧酸鹽處理之超微粒子(金屬奈米粒子) 至垓泥體内,或使其分散於其中。 種改良肥t之傳熱性之方法,其包括添加已經過至少 種C^Ci6竣酸或羧酸鹽處理之超微粒子(金屬奈米粒子) 至戎肥皂内,或使其分散於其中。 6. ,據中請專㈣圍第4項之方m該流體為—種以 水溶性醇冰點降低劑為主之熱交換流體。 7. :據:請專利範圍第4或5項之方法,其中該流體或肥客 或合成油’礦物包或合成急,或潤滑脂 為王 < 潤滑劑或水力流體。 8 · —種熱交換流體或肥皂,其 , 具包含一或多種Ci-C16羧酸或 其鹽,及超微粒子(金屬奈米粒子)之組合物。
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DE19852203A1 (de) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-18 Henkel Kgaa Schmiermittel mit Feststoffpartikeln einer Teilchengröße unter 500 nm

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PL359240A1 (en) 2004-08-23
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DE60015947T2 (de) 2005-11-10
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EP1167486A1 (en) 2002-01-02
WO2001098431A1 (en) 2001-12-27
US20050012069A1 (en) 2005-01-20
CA2413463C (en) 2009-10-20
CZ295624B6 (cs) 2005-09-14
ATE282679T1 (de) 2004-12-15
PL199177B1 (pl) 2008-08-29
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CA2413463A1 (en) 2001-12-27
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KR100736178B1 (ko) 2007-07-06
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JP2004501269A (ja) 2004-01-15
MXPA02012412A (es) 2003-04-25
CN1437646A (zh) 2003-08-20
AU8184001A (en) 2002-01-02
SI1167486T1 (en) 2005-06-30
CN1256399C (zh) 2006-05-17
RU2265039C2 (ru) 2005-11-27
BR0111789A (pt) 2003-05-20
PT1167486E (pt) 2005-04-29

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