TW573107B - Atomically engineered hydrogen storage alloys having extended storage capacity at high pressures and high pressure hydrogen storage units containing variable amounts thereof - Google Patents

Atomically engineered hydrogen storage alloys having extended storage capacity at high pressures and high pressure hydrogen storage units containing variable amounts thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
TW573107B
TW573107B TW91115111A TW91115111A TW573107B TW 573107 B TW573107 B TW 573107B TW 91115111 A TW91115111 A TW 91115111A TW 91115111 A TW91115111 A TW 91115111A TW 573107 B TW573107 B TW 573107B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
hydrogen storage
alloy
pressure
item
scope
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TW91115111A
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Stanford R Ovshinsky
Rosa T Young
Baoquan Huang
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Energy Conversion Devices Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/002Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
    • B22F9/008Rapid solidification processing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0047Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof containing a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0057Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof containing a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof also containing nickel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0084Solid storage mediums characterised by their shape, e.g. pellets, sintered shaped bodies, sheets, porous compacts, spongy metals, hollow particles, solids with cavities, layered solids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C22/00Alloys based on manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/06Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/065Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0261Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/085Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by electric heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046Enhancing energy recovery
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S420/00Alloys or metallic compositions
    • Y10S420/90Hydrogen storage

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
TW91115111A 2001-07-10 2002-07-09 Atomically engineered hydrogen storage alloys having extended storage capacity at high pressures and high pressure hydrogen storage units containing variable amounts thereof TW573107B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/901,816 US6536487B2 (en) 1999-11-06 2001-07-10 Atomically engineered hydrogen storage alloys having extended storage capacity at high pressures and high pressure hydrogen storage units containing variable amounts thereof

Publications (1)

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TW573107B true TW573107B (en) 2004-01-21

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TW91115111A TW573107B (en) 2001-07-10 2002-07-09 Atomically engineered hydrogen storage alloys having extended storage capacity at high pressures and high pressure hydrogen storage units containing variable amounts thereof

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6536487B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1404578B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2004534926A (enExample)
KR (1) KR20040022220A (enExample)
DE (1) DE60219166T2 (enExample)
TW (1) TW573107B (enExample)
WO (1) WO2003006319A1 (enExample)

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US6591616B2 (en) * 1999-11-06 2003-07-15 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Hydrogen infrastructure, a combined bulk hydrogen storage/single stage metal hydride hydrogen compressor therefor and alloys for use therein
US20050013770A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2005-01-20 Robert Schulz Method for storing hydrogen in an hybrid form
DE10242619A1 (de) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Still Gmbh Flurförderzeug
US7030770B2 (en) * 2003-02-28 2006-04-18 Stuart Energy Systems Corporation Hydrogen storage system and power system incorporating same
GB0408393D0 (en) * 2004-04-15 2004-05-19 Johnson Matthey Plc Particulate alloy comprising magnesium and nickel
US7124790B2 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-10-24 General Electric Company System and method for storing and discharging hydrogen
DE102006020846A1 (de) * 2006-05-04 2007-11-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gassorptionsspeicher mit optimierter Kühlung
US9464762B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-11 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Hydrogen fuel dispenser with pre-cooling circuit
US9586806B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-03-07 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Hydrogen fuel dispenser with pre-cooling circuit
US10109855B2 (en) 2015-02-11 2018-10-23 Basf Corporation Hydrogen storage alloys
US9856544B2 (en) 2015-02-11 2018-01-02 Basf Corporation Hydrogen storage alloys
US10587012B2 (en) 2015-03-26 2020-03-10 Basf Corporation Electrolyte compositions comprising ionic liquids and metal hydride batteries comprising same
KR20180091938A (ko) 2016-01-05 2018-08-16 바스프 코포레이션 알칼리 재충전식 배터리를 위한 수산화니켈 복합 물질
JP7021102B2 (ja) 2016-03-28 2022-02-16 ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション 充電式電池用のシリコンに基づく固体電解質
DE102018131465B4 (de) * 2018-12-07 2025-01-16 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Wasserstoffspeichertank und Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen
US20220349527A1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2022-11-03 H2Go Power Ltd Hydrogen storage device
US11661641B2 (en) 2021-07-23 2023-05-30 Harnyss Ip, Llc Hydrogen storage systems using non-pyrophoric hydrogen storage alloys
EP4129535A1 (en) * 2021-08-03 2023-02-08 GRZ Technologies SA Ab2 type-based hydrogen storage alloys, methods of preparation and uses thereof
US20250341286A1 (en) * 2024-05-01 2025-11-06 Verne Inc. System and/or method for hydrogen refueling

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0694969B2 (ja) * 1985-08-02 1994-11-24 千代田化工建設株式会社 水素貯蔵合金を利用した熱交換器
US5305714A (en) * 1991-07-03 1994-04-26 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine
JPH07149501A (ja) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-13 Nippon Steel Corp 水素吸蔵合金保持容器
JPH07269795A (ja) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-20 Nippon Steel Corp 水素吸蔵合金保持容器
US5753054A (en) * 1995-04-27 1998-05-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Hydrogen storage alloy and electrode therefrom
KR0144594B1 (ko) * 1995-04-28 1998-08-17 심상철 Ti-Mn계 수소저장합금
US6270719B1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2001-08-07 Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. Modified electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy having increased capacity, rate capability and catalytic activity
US6305442B1 (en) * 1999-11-06 2001-10-23 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Hydrogen-based ecosystem
US6193929B1 (en) * 1999-11-06 2001-02-27 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. High storage capacity alloys enabling a hydrogen-based ecosystem
US6517970B2 (en) * 2001-06-04 2003-02-11 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Non-pyrophoric hydrogen storage alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60219166D1 (de) 2007-05-10
EP1404578A4 (en) 2005-08-03
US6536487B2 (en) 2003-03-25
JP2004534926A (ja) 2004-11-18
WO2003006319A1 (en) 2003-01-23
US20020029821A1 (en) 2002-03-14
EP1404578A1 (en) 2004-04-07
DE60219166T2 (de) 2008-01-03
KR20040022220A (ko) 2004-03-11
EP1404578B1 (en) 2007-03-28

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