TW531909B - Electric scooter with on-board charging system - Google Patents

Electric scooter with on-board charging system Download PDF

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Publication number
TW531909B
TW531909B TW090124512A TW90124512A TW531909B TW 531909 B TW531909 B TW 531909B TW 090124512 A TW090124512 A TW 090124512A TW 90124512 A TW90124512 A TW 90124512A TW 531909 B TW531909 B TW 531909B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
power supply
locomotive
battery
battery power
fuel
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TW090124512A
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter S Hughes
James Daniel Baldwin
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Vectrix Corp
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Publication of TW531909B publication Critical patent/TW531909B/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • B62M7/12Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with the engine beside or within the driven wheel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/53Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66Arrangements of batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14Conductive energy transfer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12Bikes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2202/00Motorised scooters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2204/00Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/407Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

531909
相關應用 無 技術領域 本發明與電動機車有關,其中提供—機載充電系統以使 此等電池再充電。 發明背景 電動機車係於先前技藝所熟知。一般而言,電動機車具 有一組電池,此組電池提供電力以驅動馬達。這些電池必 須不時地予以再充電。彡一般是藉由將此等電池插人—交 流電源插座某些時間以恢復耗盡之能量來達成。電動機車 的再充電電路,如美國專利案第5,965,996號所揭露的電 路,已基於使電池均勻充電的目的而開發。在前述第 5,965,996號專利案中,機車上置有12伏特的電池共十 個。由於如此多個電池的重量及體積,機車必須開發特別 的框架或類似物以支承此附加的重量及體積。美國專利案 第6,047,768號係針對一機車框架,該機車框架可容納十個 此等1 2伏特的電池。 近年來’放置電池再充電單元及電池能量貯存單元永久 機載電動運載工具已有相當大的利益(interest)。標題為 用於運載工具之燃料電池/電池混合電力系統( cell/battery hybdd power system for* vehicle)” 之美國專利 案第5,6 3 1,5 3 2號示範於一電動運載工具使用一燃料電池使 一電池再充電。美國專利案第5,713,426號揭露使用再生式 電力煞車以藉由倒回驅動馬達機制恢復能量。然而,這些 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公爱)_ 裝· ,訂..................線 531909 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 ) 引用皆未揭露將此元件與一電動機車結合。 所想要的是一具有一機載充電系統使電池再充電的電動 機車,此等電池係用作主要電源以推動機車。 發明概述 本發明係藉由一具有足以容納電池之框架的二輪電動機 車予以實現,此等電池共同提供於加速和類比於一般交通 流動速度時推動電動機車所需的能量。除了 一框架和電池 之外,本發明之電動機車包含一電動馬達、一用於使此等 電池再充電的機車再充電電源、一用於使此等電池快速再 充電之外部電源的介面以及幫助整流電池消耗和恢復的控 制和監視機制。 本發明之一觀點中,再充電電源係一燃料電池,其經由 一直流電對直流電轉換器使此等電池點滴式充電。曱醇或 氫氣其中之一可用作驅動燃料電池的合適燃料。 本發明之另一觀點中,充電電源係一使用汽油、柴油或 其它燃料其中之一的内燃式引擎,該充電電源經由一如交 流發電機或發電機的機械性充電單元使此等電池充電。 本發明之又一觀點中,提供該以減速期間所利用的能量 使此等電池再充電的再生式電力煞車電路。 圖示簡述 本發明可經由附圖更加容易瞭解,其中: 圖1表示一用於支承本發明之此等元件的功能方塊圖; 圖2a和2b分別表示圖i各種元件列置於一電動機車中的側 視圖和平面圖; 裝 訂
531909 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 圖3表不一根據本發明具體實施例之直流電對直流電轉換 器; 圖4表不一遞增式轉換器,其類型係用於圖3直流電對直 流電轉換器中; 圖5圖示一馬達控制器,其類型係用於本發明;
圖6a&6b分別表示用於額外城市(extra urban)及城市機 車行驶以時間為函數之速度曲線; 圖7a至圖7C表示一機車内不同電池型式之列置;以及 圖8a及8b表示騎士及對應之電池充電狀態(s〇c),其為 機車使用之曲線。 裝 詳細發明說明 前述美國專利案第 5,965,996、6,047,768、5,631,532 和 5,713,426 5虎係以引用的方式合併於此,所併入範圍使得吾 人能夠瞭解本發明。
圖1呈現一方塊圖,其表示與本發明有關的功能元件。一 電動機車馬達100提供驅動電力以驅動機車。機車馬達1〇〇 最好為一二相式具溝槽之無刷永久磁鐵馬達,基於此處之 目的特別是由柯摩針(K〇llm〇rgen)公司fwww.kQ]1niorgpn 所製成之馬達。雖然底下表丨列示此等用於本發明一較佳具 體實施例的馬達規格,必須留意有無數的規格亦能滿足此 處所需。 機車馬達1 00自機車馬達控制器i 〇2接收一三相電壓。機 車馬達控制器102最好輸出一可變波形,如脈寬調變,以驅 動機車馬達10G。機車馬達控制器1()2包含高功率半導體切 本紙張尺度適财@國家料_) χ2971董)·. 531909 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 換器’此等高功率半導體切換器係受到閥控(控制)以選 擇性地產生將電池箱104連接至機車馬達所需的波形。 電池箱104最好包含足以輸出至少1〇〇伏特直流電的串接 電池。電池箱1 0 4最好包含鉛酸電池或鎳鋅電池。不論是使
用何種類型的電池,電池可予以再充電對本發明之目的是 重要的。 特徵 特性 型式 水久磁鎧 本值功率 20仟瓦 峰值力矩 6^.6 N-m 峰值力矩時的電流 3 2 5安培 隶大速度 5500 RPM (每分鐘 5500 韓) 最大線圈溫度 攝氏155唐 每瓦特之上升溫度 〇.5°C/watt,不具強制空氣 連續力矩 22.8 N-m 空氣缺口 〇 . 0 8 2英吋 線圈直流電阻 6 3 m Ω ± 1 0 % 線圈電感 80mH + 30% 磁極數目 8~-- 轉子慣性 0.0093kg-m2 馬達重量 敢大7.7kg 相位數目 3 線圈結構 Wye ( Y 型) 薄片材料 低漏失鐵質 插槽結構 直線式 定子内部尺寸 5·8英吋(147釐米) 定子外部尺寸 7.3英吋(185釐米) 定子推疊長度 i.95英吋(50釐米) 靜態摩擦 0.8Ν-Π1 力矩敏感度 每安培峰值0.118N-m 倒回E M F常數 每秒鐘每次涇度(Radian) 0.118伏特 磁鐵材料 鈥鐵硼(NdFeB ) 冷卻 被動式經由馬遠侧擺動臂 線圈絕緣 Nema Class Η,最低抵擋 600V RMS 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 531909
表1—25 °C及120伏特直流電時之馬達參數 一傳統電池充電器1 06係使電池箱丨〇4再充電的一種方 式。電池充電器10ό可機載置於機車且可經由一插頭1〇8或 類似物連接至一交流電插座。或者,電池充電器1〇6可維持 脫離運載工具並僅在高電流充電階段才連接至機車。
裝 除了連接至交流電插座以使電池箱再充電之電池充電器 1 0 6之外,機車上亦置有一機車充電系統丨丨〇。機載充電系 統包含一機載電力產生源1 1 2、一饋送燃料至機載電力產生 源1 1 2的燃料供應器1 1 4、以及一轉換器/充電控制器 1 1 6 ’其中該轉換器/充電控制器1丨6將機載電力產生源 112的輸出轉換成一適用於使電池箱1〇4再充電的形式。 一機車控制器118將信號送至馬達控制器102、電池充電 器ι〇ό(當機載於機車上時)、機載電力產生源112、以及 轉換器/充電控制器1 1 6。電池箱的充電係經由一電池監視 态1 2 0予以監視,該電池監視器1 2 0依次連接至機車控制器 1 1 8以提供會影響機車控制器運轉的資訊。電池的能量狀態 係顯示於一電池測量儀1 2 2上而使得使用者可以監視電池箱 的狀況,很像汽油動力機車所用的燃料測量儀。燃料供應 器1 1 4的狀態係類似地顯示於一燃料測量儀丨24上而使使用 者感到方便。 圖2a和2b表示許多圖1列置於一馬達機車13〇上之方塊圖 元件。機車130具有一與美國專利案第6,047,786號所示相 同的機車框架丨32。電池箱104的列置使得機車具有一相對 較低的重心。雖然圖2a和2b表示的電池箱係呈線性電池列 531909 A7 B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 裝 置’此等電池具有本質類似的垂直部分,須留意此等電池 可以不同結構予以列置以便使機車框架内的空間達到最佳 利用。圖2 a中的機載電力產生源丨丨2其位置恰在電池箱的上 方’其中燃料供應器1 1 4係置於電池箱上方。燃料供應器 1 1 4表好盡可能地靠近機車的外侧以便於補給燃料及更換。 燃料供應器1 14可與機載電力產生源丨12整合形成。附隨相 關齒輪箱之機車馬達1 〇 〇驅動機車的後輪丨3 4並置於框架 1 3 2和後輪1 3 4的鄰近處。機車馬達控制器1 〇2係置於框架 内部附近以便使其與馬達1 〇 〇的距離達到最小。電池充電器 1 0 6最好置於並靠近電池箱且因而處於一相對較低的位置以 便有助於連接至一外部電力供應器。最後,電池量測儀1 2 2 和燃料供給量測儀1 2 4係置於機車前方的附近以便有助於使 用者觀視。 在一第一較佳具體實施例中,機載電力產生源丨丨2係一燃 料電池且燃料供應器1 1 4取決於燃料1丨2的性質而可為氫氣 或曱醇。在一較佳具體實施例中,使用可由Hi)〇wer (www-hpower.com)所提供的Power PEM-PS ®系列燃料電池。此 基於燃料電池的直流電電源系列連續提供大約25〇_5〇〇瓦特 的電力。此種系統於周遭空氣運轉並清理來自燃料箱114的 加壓氫氣燃料。此種型式的燃料電池包含一質子交換膜型 式(PEM)的電池堆疊、機械附件以及一電子控制模組。一 諸如此類的燃料電池提供相對較低電力之機載電源,其中 該機載電源於一連續、穩定狀態輸出時運轉。此經由直流 電對直流電轉換器/充電控制器對電池箱1 〇4提供固定的點 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公嫠) 531909 A7 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 滴式充電。如上所述,燃料電池1 1 2於一連續基礎上正常運 作。然而,可經由機車控制器1 1 8予以選擇性地開啟或關 閉。 圖3表示一直流電對直流電轉換器/充電控制器丨丨6,其 可用於將燃料電池1 1 2的輸出轉換成一適用於使電池箱1 〇 4 充電的電壓。轉換器/充電控制器包含一對呈平行列置的 遞增式轉換器1 1 6 a、1 1 6 b。雖然僅示出兩個轉換器,須留 意可平行連接任何數目的轉換器以傳送電池承受有效充電 時所需的電流。遞增式轉換器U6a、116b最好具有28_40 伏特直流電壓等級的輸入電壓並於0.5安培時輸出約140伏 特的直流電壓。遞增式轉換器U6a、116b的正輸出端分別 通過二極體140a、140b,二極體140a和140b的型式最好 為1 N 4 0 0 4。此乃確保電池匯流排電壓不會在燃料電池關閉 時經由遞增式轉換器回漏電流。此等遞增式轉換器的輸出 係於一正節點142 a和負節點142b結合。節點142 a係連接至 一20歐姆、25瓦特之電流限制電阻144。依此方式,直流 電對直流電轉換器/充電控制器於輸出埠丨4 6在最大拉出電 流為2安培時提供一大約1 3 8伏特的直流電壓輸出。 圖4描繪範例性遞增式(推進)轉換器116a、n6b。一 遞增式(推進)轉換器係用於在負載處產生比供給電壓還 高的電壓。當電源切換器Q2開啟時,電感L係連接於輸入 埠148處的直流電電源且來自直流電電源的能量係儲存在電 感L·内。當電源切換器q2關閉時,儲存在電感[之急降磁場 内的能量使得二極體D2陽極上的電壓急速上升。流經二極 -10 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公董) 531909 A7 B7 五、發明説明 〇 體D 2的電流提升濾波電容C。上的電壓。依此方式,輸出埠 150之輸出電壓比輸入埠丨48之電壓還高。 如圖j所示,直流電對直流電轉換器1丨6的輸出埠1 4 6係 作用於一充電控制器160。充電控制器16〇具有美國專利案 第5,96 5,9 96號所說明的型式。充電控制器16〇能夠控制達 到一名義1 20伏特直流電電池箱丨〇4的電力。充電控制器 1 6 0首先使用一固定電流對一電池箱充電直到電池箱達到 140伏特,然後施加一 14〇伏特的固定電壓並接著再施加一 固疋電流直到電池箱達到1 5 6伏特。這些電壓設定點中的每 一個皆在機車控制器的控制下予以指定。依此觀點,機車 控制器使直流電對直流電轉換器116持續經由充電控制器 160對電池箱充電直到電池充滿電力或操作者決定停止此系 統。依此方式,充電控制器提供過電流及過電壓限制保 蔓再者充电控制為係予以架構以使施加於電池箱的漣 波電流達到最小且亦予以架構以提供與氣體處理(gassing) 電壓要來之變化性符合的溫度補償。 電箱量測儀1 2 0最好包含一 L E D,s集組且最理想地亦包含 除了 LEDs以外的傳統類比式或數位式量測儀以傳達電池充 電的狀態。關於與電池量測儀相關的LEDs,紅色LED點亮 4表示燃料乾,也有效中;當黃色L e d動作時表示電池箱係 充電至一預定的百分比,例如8〇% •,以及當綠色lED點亮 9^則表不電池箱已滿電位。依此方式,電池量測儀通知一 者電池箱的狀態。 圖5描繪本發明之機車馬達控制器1〇2與機車馬達ι〇〇和電
裝 玎
531909
池箱104的連結。馬達控制器1〇2最好包含一控制器元件如 德州儀器製造MUMS 3 20F240數㈣號處理(Dsp)aBa 片。機車馬達控制器102包含三個Y〇ungw〇〇d,pA之 P〇WereX (www.pwrxcom.)所製型號為 C M 4 〇 〇 D u _ i 2 H 之絕緣閘雙極性電晶體(1(}3丁,5)元件。這些IGBT,s具有一 4〇〇女培和600伏特的峰值額定功率且可承受的連續電流最 大為1 〇 〇安培。D S P晶片最好經由此等丨G Β τ,s使用一六階 式弦波切換模式施加一16仟赫茲的切換頻率。施加於此等 IGBT s的輸入電壓為名義上12〇伏特的電池箱,該名義 上120伏特的電池箱丨04可以工作範圍一般在8〇至13〇伏特 之鉛酸電池或工作範圍在90至14〇伏特之鎳鋅電池予以實 現。 實用上,機車僅用於城市運轉的個人與機車用於額外城市 環境的個人具有不同的電力與耐久力要求。這是因為在城 市環境中,行駛距離短、停止與啟動頻繁、以及平均速度 慢。故城市環境有電動機車的需求。相對地,額外城市的 特徵在於停止與啟動不頻繁且高速行駛時間長。所以額外 城市對電動機車有不同的需求類型。圖以表示單程行駛情 況下時間對速度的曲線圖170。每一條曲線172、174、 1 7 6白代表單程行驶期間單次停止/啟動行程(1 %)情況下 時間一速度之曲線圖。如曲線圖170所示,任何一次行程的 最大期間皆稍短於100秒且這些行程期間中任何一次所達到 的最大速度皆在每小時5 0公里的等級上。因此,一架構於 城市環境中有效運轉的電動機車必須能夠相當頻繁的加速 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210X 297公釐)
線 531909 五、發明説明( 及減速,但不需於持久時間内維持高速。 圖b所v在額外城市環境中的機車必須於一單一行 内,隹持每小時至少5g公里的速度數百秒。因此,一架構 —額外城市%境中運轉的機車必須常常加速 需承受高速。 讯口此々,基於機車期待運轉的環境類型(城市對額外城市) :又。十二合要求的電動機車。故人們可基於電動機車預期運 轉的環境來選擇用於電池箱1G4内電池的型式和數目。本行 人士明白減少電池數目或降低電池功率整個減低了電動機 車的成本。所以,若依心中所預期的運轉環境來設計電動 機車則可實現經濟效益。圖〜表示一包含十個12伏特密封 式鉛酸(SLA)電池192的機車框架190,其中每一個電池的 功率為16安培一小時而使全部功率在12〇伏特時大約為丨9 仟瓦特小時。 圖7b表示容納十個12伏特SLA電池194的相同框架,其中 每一個框架皆具有2 6安培一小時的功率而使全部功率在丨2 〇 伏特時為3.1仟瓦特小時。因為26安培—小時之電池194大 於1 6安培小時之電池,較大的電池在框架中所佔的空間較 大。圖7 C表示重複多個2 4安培一小時錄鋅電池,雖然成本 較高’但與相同能量容積的SLA電池相比較具有較輕的質 量° 圖8 a表示電動機車架構在額外城市行駛時以時間為函數之 充電狀態(SOC)及速度曲線圖,其中電動機車同時列置一 J . 1仔瓦特容積的鎳辞電池箱並使用配置為平行之雙8 〇瓦特 -13 - 本紙張尺度通用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 531909 A7 B7 五、發明説明(U ) 燃料電池。在早上通勤期間,電池s〇c自1〇〇%降至6〇%。 在工作曰期間,機車停放且燃料電池運轉的情況下,電池 SOC回復至90%。在傍晚通勤結束時,電池s〇c減至 50%。夜間休息時,燃料電池使電池s〇c恢復至1〇〇%而再 次開始整個循環,致使運載工具具有完全持久性且因而成 為通勤時之可靠構件。 圖8b表不電動機車架構在城市行駛時以時間為函數之速 度及充電狀態,其中電動機車具有一 19仟瓦特小時容積之 鎳鋅電池箱和一單一之100瓦特燃料電池。與圖8&所示的通 勤圖樣相比較,圖8b在每一次早上通勤及晚間通勤行程中 具有一較少之額外城市循環。然而,所減少的電池容積足 以承受運载工具作為通勤圖樣之可實行構件。 =圖8a和8b所示,早上通勤使一充滿電之電池箱的充電 狀態降至一特定位準且因燃料電池之再充電動作而在早上 通勤與晚間通勤之間的日常動作期間恢復充電狀態。然 而,圖8a或8b中的電池箱皆未再充電至其容積的1〇〇%。在 圖8a和8b中,於晚間通勤期間,充電狀態係於停止和開動 階段(大概是接近騎士的辦公室)期間緩慢降低且次一階 段(大概是接近騎士的定且遠離辦公區域)期間大幅降 低。不過,不管其慣性容積,燃料電池最好能夠在日常使 用之後使電池箱充滿電。且在運載工具使用的比正常時候 還多的期間,可整夜自一外部電源進行額外充電而為次曰 早上的電動機車作準備。 儘管圖8a和8b表示高速時充電狀態下降的稍快一些,須 -14 -
12 12 五 、發明説明 知圖8b之電動機車中的充電狀態降低的幅度比圖8a之電動 機車還少’其中圖8a之電動機車其電池箱具有31仟瓦小時 的容積。 在一第一較佳具體實施例中,電池供應器丨04包含一可由 也蘇里州之赫克能量集團(Hawker Energy Group) (www.hepi.com)所提供的鉛酸電池。鉛酸電池最好為
Genesis型號G16EP (16安培小時)或型號G26EP (26安培 小時)。安培小時功率較低之電池乃用在機車係設計僅通 勤於城市區域内一小段距離時,而2 6安培小時電池則用在 機車係设计>ί于駛於郊區以及較長通勤距離之城市時。 在一第二較佳具體實施例中,錄鋅(Ni-Zn)電池可用來取 代勤酸型式的電池。最好使用Danbury, Conn.之伊沃索 (Evercel)公司(www.evercel.com、所生產的鎳鋅電池。伊沃 索名義上分別具有2 2和3 0安培小時和1 2伏特電壓型號為 2 5 - 1 2和4 0 -1 2的電池係適用於本發明。 為了自一外部電源對此等電池進行充電,需要一電池充電 器。就鉛酸電池而言’最好使用義大利(Italy)波維吉利亞 (Poviglio)之機旺(Zivan)所製型號為K2的電池充電器。 另一方回’方使用錄辞電池,最好用機旺型號NG3的雷池 充電器。兩種電池充電器皆可插入一 120伏特60赫茲的交流 電源供應為。就歐洲和其它使用而言,亦可得到能夠運作 於220伏特50赫兹交流電源供給下的充電器。 在上述具體實施例中,已假設燃料電池係用作機載再充電 電源1 1 2。在一第二具體實施例中,機載再充電.電源係一内 I__- 15 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 531909
火…式引擎。在此案例中,最好使用光陽(Honda)型號為 EU100I的引擎。此引擎具有一整合性燃料箱且可予以手動 啟動。單相引擎驅動一機械性充電單元,如一交流發電機 或發電機。此引擎具有最大輸出為1000伏特安培之額定 900伏特安培輸出且與機械性充電單元共同推出一 12〇伏特 6 〇赫兹的信號用於使此等電池充電。此輸出係經過調整以 通當地使電池箱充電。再者,由於内燃式引擎係屬空氣呼 吸式(air-breathing),故本具體實施例必須提供排入口與 排出口硬體。另外,提供一標準汽油式燃料量測儀以通知 操作者燃料的位準,作為啟動及停止引擎之有鍵式切換 器。 最後,儘管已引用特定之較佳具體實施例說明上述發 明,仍須留意本發明之範疇並不侷限於這些具體實施例。 本行人士可找出這些較佳具體實施例的變形,不過,此等 變形係含括於本發明之精神内,本發明之範疇係由底下提 出之申請專利範圍予以界定。 線 __ - 16 - 本紙張尺度適財S g家標準(CNS) Μ規格㈣x 297公爱)

Claims (1)

  1. 531909 第090124512號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(92年3月) A B c D
    六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種二輪電動機車,其包含: 一機車框架,該機車框架包含形狀與尺寸皆符合一電 池電源供應器的箱子; 一電動馬達,該電動馬達係經由至少一切換器連接至 該電池電源供應器,該電動馬達係架構以驅動一機車的 後輪, 一機載電源,該機載電源係架構以使電池電源供應器 充電; 一第一充電電路,該第一充電電路係架構以將機載電 源連接至電池電源供應器; 一第二充電電路,該第二充電電路係架構以將電池電 源供應器連接至一外部電源;以及 一馬達控制器電路,該馬達控制器電路係連接至馬達 並架構在機車減速時使電池電源供應器充電。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之二輪電動機車,其中: 該機載電源供應器包含一燃料電池,該燃料電池係架 構以經由該第一電路使電池供應器點滴式充電;以及 一燃料箱,該燃料箱係架構以維持一燃料使其適於運 轉燃料電池。 3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之二輪電動機車,其中該藉由燃料 電池之點滴式充電輸出係小於2安培。 4·如申請專利範圍第2項之二輪電動機車,其中該燃料係一 種組成物含有氫氣與甲醇之群聚物(g r 〇 u p)所製成的燃 料。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 531909 8 8 8 8 A B c D 六、申請專利範圍 5.如申請專利範圍第1項之二輪電動機車,其中該機載電源 包含一内燃式引擎,該内燃式引擎係架構以驅動一連接 之機械性充電單元以使電池電源供應器充電;以及 一燃料箱,該燃料箱係架構以維持一燃料使其適於運 轉内燃式引擎。 6·如申請專利範圍第5項之二輪電動機車,其中該引擎及機 械性充電單元共同輸出一最大為1 0安培直流電的電流。 7·如申請專利範圍第1項之二輪電動機車,其中該電池電源 供應器具有一至少為1 0 0伏特的電壓。 8·如申請專利範圍第1項之二輪電動機車,其中該第一充電 電路包含一推進轉換器,該推進轉換器接收一由燃料電 池所輸出的第一電壓並將一第二電壓輸出至電池電源供 應器,該第二電壓係大於該第一電壓。 9. 一種二輪電動機車,其包含: 一機車框架,該機車框架包含形狀與尺寸皆符合一電 池電源供應器的箱子; 一電動馬達,該電動馬達係經由至少一切換器連接至 該電池電源供應器,該電動馬達係架構以驅動一機車的 後輪, 至少一燃料電池,燃料電池係架構以使電池供應器點 滴式充電; 一第一充電電路,該充電電路係架構以將燃料電池連 接至電池電源供應器以便使電池電源供應器充電; 一燃料箱,該燃料箱係架構以維持一燃料使其適於運 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
    531909 8 8 8 8 A BCD 六、申請專利範圍 轉燃料電池; ,一第^充電電路,該第二充電電路係架構以將電池電 源供應器連接至一外部電源;以及 一馬達控制器電路,該馬達控制器電路係連接至馬達 並架構在機車減速時使電池電源供應器充電。 ίο.如申請專利範圍第9項之二輪電動機車,其中該第一充♦ 電路包含一推進轉換器,該推進轉換器接收一燃料電2 所輸出之第一電壓並將一第二電壓輸出至電池電源供應 器’該第二電壓係大於該第一電壓。 “ 11. 如申凊專利範圍第9項之二輪電動機車,其中藉由燃料泰 池的點滴式充電輸出係小於2安培。 12. 如申請專利範圍第u項之二輪電動機車,其中該燃料係 一種組成物含有氫氣與甲醇之群聚物所製成的燃料。 13. 如申請專利範圍第丨2項之二輪電動機車,其中該電池電 源供應器具有一至少為1 〇 〇伏特的電壓。 14 一種二輪電動機車,其包含: 一機車框架,該機車框架包含一形狀與尺寸皆符人一 電壓至少為1 0 0伏特之電池電源供應器的箱子; 一電動馬達’該電動馬達係經由至少—切換器連^ i 该電池電源供應器’該電動馬達係架構以驅動一機車的 後輪; 燃料電池,其係架構以使電池供應器點滴式充電,兮亥 燃料電池靠氫氣或甲醇運轉,該燃料電池輸出一小於2安 培的點满式充電, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 x 297公釐) A B c D 531909 六、申請專利範圍 一第一充電電路,該第一充電電路係架構以將燃料電 池連接至電池電源供應器以便使電池電源供應器充電, 該第一充電電路包含一推進轉換器,該推進轉換器接收 一藉由燃料電池所輸出的第一電壓並將一第二電壓輸出 至電池電源供應器,該第二電壓係大於該第一電壓; 一燃料箱,該燃料箱係架構以維持氫氣或甲醇燃料; 一第二充電電路,該第二充電電路係架構以將電池電 源供應器連接至一外部電源;以及 一馬達控制電路,該馬達控制電路係連接至馬達並架 構在機車減速時使電池電源供應器充電。 -4 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 531909 第090124512號專利申請案 中文圖式修正頁(91年12月)
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