TW524718B - Method for the separation of molecules in the gas phase by adsorption by means of agglomerated solid inorganic adsorbents with a narrow and calibrated mesopore distribution - Google Patents
Method for the separation of molecules in the gas phase by adsorption by means of agglomerated solid inorganic adsorbents with a narrow and calibrated mesopore distribution Download PDFInfo
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- TW524718B TW524718B TW090107094A TW90107094A TW524718B TW 524718 B TW524718 B TW 524718B TW 090107094 A TW090107094 A TW 090107094A TW 90107094 A TW90107094 A TW 90107094A TW 524718 B TW524718 B TW 524718B
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- Prior art keywords
- adsorption
- patent application
- temperature
- desorption
- compounds
- Prior art date
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 45
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 : Sodium hydroxide) Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 101710112289 DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004534 cecum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJIOGHZNVKFYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexadecylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=N1 DJIOGHZNVKFYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100021389 DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000617550 Dictyostelium discoideum Presenilin-A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000615280 Homo sapiens DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical class [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKMJXTWHATWGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RKMJXTWHATWGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEBWQGVWTUSTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmercury acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Hg]C1=CC=CC=C1 XEBWQGVWTUSTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
- B01J20/183—Physical conditioning without chemical treatment, e.g. drying, granulating, coating, irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28088—Pore-size distribution
- B01J20/2809—Monomodal or narrow distribution, uniform pores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
524718 A7 B7 五、發明説明(i ) 發明—範圍 . 本發明係關於一種新穎的吸附劑’其以經黏合劑附·聚 之窄且經校準的中孔分佈無機固體爲基礎;這@ @ m 於沸點不同的化合物之氣相分離。 以前的技術 吸附技巧越來越常用於工業上,例如,用以移除以低 3夏存在於氣或液流中的有機化合物;其優點在於比'其他 已知工業方法來得便宜,在要處理和/或純化包含雜質的 大體積或低濃度微量物時更是如此。通常,系統以至少兩 個充塡有吸附劑的管柱操作,各管柱以吸附和脫附交替操 作’後者用以使吸附劑再生。此技巧越見成長,此提高與 V〇c(揮發性有機化合物)有關的散逸規定,此voc是各種化 學工業會遇到的分子,其可爲氯化分子或含氧分子(如:酮) 或屬芳族物。USEPA(美國環境保護署)將V〇c定義爲在標 準溫度和壓力條件下之蒸汽壓高於0.1毫米汞柱(13.3 3 Pa)的 穩定化合物。 最常見之吸附氣相中之VOC的技巧是使用充塡了活性 炭的管柱並使欲處理的流體通過。管柱出口處的污染物濃 度達預定値時,以溫度接近1 50-200 t的流體或部分真空 (VRU(揮發物回收單元)型技巧)施以再生處理。以與水不互 溶的溶劑爲例,活性炭以水蒸汽再生的方法特別有利,此 乃因其能夠藉由沉積分離而回收有機物種之故。但是,已 經知道使用活性炭有數個缺點,如:因反應性VOC之聚合 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝·
、1T 經濟部智惡財產笱員11消費合泎社印製 -4- 524718 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 ) C请先閱讀背ir之法意事項真填寫本寅〉 反應(焦炭表面灰塵催化的聚合反應)而部汾阻塞孔隙;吸附 高熱量時,在含氧分子存在時’活性炭也有點燃的危險。 最後,活性炭難完全再生,因此,容量隨著使用次數的增 加而降低,此迫使工業操作者在吸附力過低時須替換活性 炭。這些缺點促使工業使用者尋求替代方案:此時發展出 以疏水性沸石(如:ZSM-5)來避免一些與使用活性炭相關的 缺點,特別是與非可燃性相關的風險(Blocki,S.W., Enviro n.Prog.,1993,12, p.226-230)。但是,相較於活性'炭, 其價格高得多且吸附力較低,此限制了它們的工業發展, 因此有必要尋求價位中等且吸附力與活性炭相仿,同時沒 有操作危險且再生力優良的工業吸附劑。 經濟部智慧时產苟員X渭費合泎钍印製 具窄且經校準中孔分佈的中孔無機化合物特別包含中 孔砂石,其合成於1969年首見於Sylvania Electric Products Inc.的美國專利案第3,5 56,725號,此系列的(鋁)矽化合物( 更特別是 MCM 41 化合物(Mobil Composition 〇f Matter 41)) 之合成見於 Nature, 1.992,1ϋ,7 10-7 12,Mobil 於 1 990 年代開 始硏究該系列並構成多篇專利案和化學論文,已知其多孔 結構、合成條件和作爲觸媒和/或吸附劑的可能應用。 X.S.Zhao, Energy and Fuels, 1998,”V〇C Removal :
Comparison of MCM41 with Hydrophobic Zeolites and Activated Carbon (V〇C移除:MCM4 1與疏水性沸石和活性 炭之比較)”就活性炭、疏水性沸石和MCM41作爲移除V〇C 之粉末的相關吸附和脫附性質作比較。就苯、己烷和四氯 化碳等溫圖,作者認爲MCM4 1固體因爲中孔體積比疏水性 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS >Λ4規格(210X297公釐) 524718 Μ Β7 五、發明説明(3 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 沸石高得多,所以可能是移除存在於極濕氣流中之高濃度 V〇C的有利吸附劑,但其僅能於欲修飾其孔隙開口直徑的 後處理中吸附低濃度VOC。此外,作者指出:吸附作用可 於比其他吸附劑來得低的溫度下進行(60 t相對於1 00 °c )。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 T.Boger等人硏究小有機分子(甲醇、丁醇、甲苯)於鋁 含量不同且經燒結而附聚的MCM41上之吸附情況 Influence of aluminum content οn the adsorption properties of MCM 41(鋁含量對於MCM41吸咐性質之影鬌)”, Mesoporous Materials, 8,1997,p.79-91);作者指出:有機分 子之吸附實質上不會受到MCM41的鋁含量之影響,此使得 它們預期毛細濃縮機構,且有機分子之吸附情況會隨著燒 結壓力的提高而更趨於不利。水的吸附作用低且會隨著 S1/A1比的降低而提高;所有的例子中,吸附力低且部分不 可逆。可以將吸附劑視爲具有疏水性表面。作者認爲這些 吸附劑可能可用於濕環境中以移除存在於氣流中的中至高 濃度V0C ,並可與.疏水性沸石倂用以得到高度純化結果, 疏水性沸石吸附低濃度存在的V0C。其他作者證實水之吸 附作用的部分不可逆性(“Adsorption Studies on Ordered Mesoporous Materials (系列中孔材料之吸附硏究)”, J. Janchen, Prog. In Zeolite and Microporous Materials, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis,105,1997,p.1731) o 於MCM4 1粉末上進行甲苯和2-丙醇之吸附和脫附循環 並與自ZSM5型疏水性沸石所得者比較(“Pressure Swing Adsorption of Organic Solvent Vapors on Mesoporous Silica 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) " " 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作钍印¾ 524718 A7 _______ B7____ 五、發明説明(4 ) and Micro porous Sieves (有機溶劑蒸汽於·中孔矽石和微孔篩 上之壓力變化吸附作用)”,Studies in Surface Science and CatalyS1s,iM,1997,p.l891)。作者記錄:在丙醇之脫水作用 中,相較於疏水性沸石,中孔固體的工作效能較佳,催化 活性較低,認爲PS A型方法可能能夠回收甲苯或丙醇蒸汽( 雖然此實驗於氮氣環境中在相同的壓力下脫附)。 這些前述論文和專利案的所有結論係以粉末產物(如: 得自水熱合成法者)進行的實驗室試驗爲基礎,無法將這些 產物用於工業設備上,此造成與操作和使用粉狀材料有關 的缺點。 本發明之描述: 本發明提出一種新型工業吸附劑,其可用於循環操作 的氣相吸附法,特別是用以吸附存在氣流中的VOC有機分 .子,即使於低濃度亦然。 相較於已知用以吸附氣相中之VOC的其他工業吸附劑( 即,活性炭和疏水性沸石),此新型吸附劑具有多個優點, 特別是: * 吸附的VOC之高脫附力 * 吸附劑容易再生
* 依v〇c沸點分離吸附的VOC * 吸附劑無不可燃性 * 吸附劑容易操作。 此外,此新型吸附劑使得沸點不同的化合物能夠極有 ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) " ' ~ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
524718 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5 ) 效地分離。 . 本發明之吸附劑是具窄和經校準中孔分佈且平均顆粒 尺寸通常介於1和10毫米之間的多孔無機固體。根據本發 明,所謂之”具窄且經校準中孔分佈的多孔固體”是指在相對 壓力0.5、25 °C條件下,甲苯吸附量超過7.5重量%(以超過 10重量%爲佳)的固體,其中孔體積超過或等於0.09立方公 分/克,總孔隙體積的至少90%之直徑超過20埃,其至少 90%孔隙分佈於平均直徑土 5埃範圍內,其包含: 1 * 50至95重量份(以經鍛燒者計)多孔無機固體,稱 爲MTS(膠態模板矽石),於相對壓力0.5、25 t條件下,其 能夠吸附超過15重量%甲苯,其中孔體積大於或等於0.18 立方公分/克並具有窄且經校準的中孔分佈,換言之,總 孔隙體積的至少90%之直徑超過20埃,且至少90%孔隙分 佈於平均直徑± 5埃範圍內, * 50至5重量份惰性黏合劑(就吸附觀點爲惰性)。 所謂”平均直徑是指相關於MTS粒徑分佈峰點的孔隙 直徑値。 前述所示孔隙體積係藉DFT(柱狀孔隙)法測得。 根據本發明,較佳之具窄且經校準中孔分佈的無機固 體的化學組成以下式表示: (SuAlhHrOCh,其中,0 $ 1-x $ 0.3。 這些固體可以,如,製自反應混合物之結晶作用,此反應 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) —---------_裝-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產苟g(工消費合作社印製 524718 A7 ____B7 五、發明説明(6 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 混合物包含矽石來源、用以移動砂石的物劑(如:氫氧化鈉) '選用的少量鋁、作爲指向劑的界面活性劑及溶劑,此結 晶作用視情況地在有溶解於微胞中的溶脹劑(以三甲基苯爲 佳)存在時進行。 特別可提及之作爲指向劑的界面活性劑例包含四級銨 或鐵離子,其可經相同或不同之具6至36個碳原子的芳基 或烷基取代,可爲氫氧化物、鹵化物或矽酸鹽陰離子,特 別地,包含鯨蠟基三甲基銨、鯨蠟基三甲基鱗、十八基三 甲基銨、十八基三甲基鐵、苯甲基三甲基銨、鯨蠟基吡啶 、癸基三甲基銨、二甲基(十二烷基)銨或三甲基(十二烷基) 銨離子,及胺,如:十二胺和十六胺。 溶劑可爲有機溶劑,但以水性溶劑爲佳。 經濟部智慧时產局8J1消費合泎钍印製 通常不限定反應混合物的pH,可由1至14。固體之結 晶作用可於攪拌或未攪拌時實施。結晶溫度通常介於常溫' 和200 t之間,結晶反應時間通常由幾分鐘至幾天。一般 能夠接受的是,在基礎介質中,藉由界面活性劑陽離子前 端與砍石表面之離子化的砂院基團之交互作用,砂石環繞 界面活性劑微胞。視所用的操作條件而定,能夠改變孔隙 之間的距離或孔隙厚度。例如,能夠以pH改變壁厚。 在適當的結晶階段中,在溶劑中之溶液或懸浮液中得 到凝膠,濾除凝膠,淸洗並乾燥;經燃燒以藉鍛燒而移除 界面活性劑之後,得到產物,其爲孔隙尺寸均勻且爲立方 或六角對稱(此視合成條件而定)的粉狀無機固體。六角對稱 情況中,孔隙皆平行。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家楳準(CNS ) A4規格(210X:Z97公釐) ~ ~ 524718 A7 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 製備根據本發明之工業用吸附劑時,.MTS必須在有水 存在時,根據習知技巧(壓出、造粒),以黏合劑(就吸附觀 點爲惰性者)附聚,黏合劑選自,如:黏土(如··蒙脫土)、 活性白土、高嶺土或海泡石、矽石或氧化鈦或氧化锆。 藉壓出而附聚時,較佳情況中,亦添加壓出添加劑’ 以羧甲基纖維素爲佳。調整水(和壓出添加劑)的量,以使得 於漿料/活塞或螺旋接觸點測得的壓出壓力大於或等於 5MPa。藉此附聚之吸附劑的顆粒尺寸基本上介於1和40毫 米之間。 此成形之後,產物於至少400鍛燒,得到前面定義之 根據本發明之吸附劑。 本發明的另一標的是一種用以分離由至少兩種不同氣 體化合物構成之混合物之組份的工業法,其以循環方式操 作且其使用前面所定義之附聚的MTS。申請人所屬公司所 發展的方法包含下列交替操作階段,此將於下文中詳細討 三么 · 晒 * 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印¾ a) 將該氣體混合物通入包含附聚MTS的吸附區,及於 該吸附區出口回收沸點最低的化合物或富含沸點最低之化 合物的氣體混合物, b) 使在吸附區中吸附的一或多種化合物脫附, c) 使吸附區再生,以恢復其吸附能力。 再生步階段c)藉真空裝置(抽氣)、藉由以一或多種惰性 氣體和/或以在吸附區出口處得到的氣流對吸附區施以滌 氣處理、藉由提高溫度或藉由組合抽氣、滌氣和/或改變 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2i〇x297公釐) 524718 A7 B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 溫度的方式進行。 .
申請人所屬公司屬意的方法是pSA或VSA型、或TSA (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 型或這些不同類型方法之組合(PTSA)。 P S A或V S A型方法中,脫附階段b)係藉由降低吸附於 該脫附區內之化合物的分壓’之後藉由引入低沸點化合物 流或富含低沸點化合物的氣體混合物而提高該吸附區內的 壓力,以對流或並流方式引入(階段(c))爲佳。 TS A型方法中,較佳情況中,藉由將脫附區溫度'提高 至高於階段a)之溫度的溫度下,進行脫附階段b)。 .PTS A型方法中,較佳情況中,將脫附區溫度提高至高 於階段a)之溫度的溫度下,及藉由降低吸附於該脫附區內 之化合物的分壓,而進行脫附階段b),之後以對流或並流 方式引入低沸點化合物流或富含低沸點化合物的氣體混合 物而提高該吸附區內的壓力(階段(c))。 此方法特別適用以分離即使以非常低濃度存在於氣流( 以乾或濕空氣爲佳)中的v〇c。 經濟部智慧时產笱8工消費合作钍印製 本發明之方法亦非常適用以純化烴,特別是含氧烴, 更特別是酮、醛、酸或醇系的烴及化合物之混合物(以少量 雜質形式爲佳)。 施用MTS粉末來移除氣相中的聚芳族分子(如:重整氣 體)揭示於美國專利案第5 5 8 3 277號中;脫附程序於相當高 溫(較小的分子未吸附的溫度範圍)進行,因此基本上是自其 他較小分子分離大分子。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -11 - 524718 A7 __ _B7___ 五、發明説明(9 ) 實例1(具窄且經校準中孔分佈的中孔無機固體之製備) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 使2 9.4克Norarruum MS 50(包含50%活性材料的三甲基 鯨鱲基氯化銨溶液,簡稱爲C16+,Ceca銷售)溶解於140克 水中,製得界靣活性劑水溶液,之.後使5.2克氫氧化鈉粒和 65克水混合並於攪拌時添加1 22克矽酸鈉而製得第二種水 溶液。使此界面活性劑溶液達60 °C,置於攪拌條件下,之 後在混合物溫度維持60 °C時,以20分鐘時間將矽酸鹽溶液 加至其中;之後,於劇烈攪拌情況下,使用硫酸水溶液(由 16克H2S〇4和40克水組成)使其部分中和,於溫和攪拌16小 時的情況下,使混合物達1 00 °C。 得到凝膠,計算得到的組成如下: 0.12Na2〇,0.3Na2S〇4、 lSiCh、0.085C16+, 35H2〇 之後濾出此凝膠,以6升水淸洗,最後於80 °C乾燥一 夜。回收得到44克粉狀固體,其燒失率48%,DFT測得的 平均直徑35埃)。下文中將此固體稱爲MTS35。 實^例2(具窄且經校準中孔分佈的中孔無機固體之製備) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印^ 使33.6克 Noramium. MC 5 0(三甲基十二基氯化銨溶液 ,簡稱爲C12+,包含50%活性材料,Ceca銷售)溶解於96 克水中,製得界面活性劑水溶液,之後將24.5克氫氧化鈉 粒加至88克水中並於攪拌時添加150克矽酸鈉(25.5 %Si〇2, 7.7 5%Na2〇)而製得第二種水溶液。使此界面活性劑溶液達 60 °C,之後以50分鐘時間將矽酸鹽溶液加至其中。之後於 劇烈攪拌情況下,以硫酸溶液(35.9克H2SCU和170克水)使 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) •12- 524718 A7 B7 五、發明説明(10) 其部分中和,於溫和攪拌20小時的情況下,使混合物達50 °C。 此凝膠組成如下: 0.22Na2〇,0.55Na2S〇4、 1 S1O2、0.1 C 1 2+,40Η2〇 之後濾出此凝膠,以7升水淸洗,最後於80 °C乾燥一 夜。回收得到46.5克固體,其燒失率47.4%,DFT測得的平 均直徑25埃);下文中將此固體稱爲MTS25。 實例3(根據本發明製備兩種吸附劑) 使實例1和2得到的粉末與黏土質黏合劑和保水劑(如 :羧甲基纖維素,有助於成形)混合而利用附聚作用地壓出 此混合物而成形。黏合劑含量(以黏合劑與總重(黏合齊If + MTS)比表示)是20%。 之後粉碎藉此得到的壓出粒,使其平均長度等於約4 至5毫米,之後加以乾燥並於5 50 °C在空氣中鍛燒2小時。 根據本發明而得之吸附劑的平均性質如下: (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝 訂 Μ 經濟部智慧財產局a(工消費合作钍印製 MTS類型 MTS 25 MTS 35 甲苯吸附的孔隙體積(25 °C -P/Ps = 0.5) 0.49 0.48 (立方公分/克) BET表面積(平方米/克) 891 700 於77K被%吸附的孔隙體積(<100埃) 0.66 0.62 (立方公分/克) 於77K被Nh吸附的平均直徑(DFT)(埃) 25 35 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) -13- 524718 A 7 B7 五、發明説明(彳彳) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 藉由施用D FT法和B r〇e kh〇f- de B 〇e.r柱狀孔隙模型(可 得知孔隙分佈),發現大部分的孔隙體積主要分佈於約平均 直徑± 5埃處。 童_例4(數種吸附劑的甲苯吸附力) 製得吸附組合品,其可用以評估實例3製得的材料之 行爲。此組合品包含: - 有氮氣吹拂的蒸發器並包含溶劑或水的兩個蒸發 器 - 直徑1.4公分、高50公分的吸附管 - 用以分析管柱輸出物組成的氣相層析儀。 包含溶劑(和通入蒸發器中之選用的水)的氮流自管柱底 端向上通過管柱。欲硏究分子分離情況時,兩種蒸發器中 輸入溶劑。 於管柱頂端測定物種A濃度與時間的關係,藉此可測 得臨界曲線:管柱出口處的物種A濃度與管柱入口處的物 種A濃度類似時,吸附劑達飽和。其結果可以臨界點的吸 附力表示,此處採用1 %入口濃度和其飽和點數據。 A. 第一個實驗係關於兩種分壓的甲苯吸附作用,以 此與藉物理活化方式製得的AC 40型活性炭(BET比表面積 1.105平方米/克;比吸附測得的孔隙體積是0.54立方公分 /克;甲苯吸附測得的孔隙體積是0.50立方公分/克; DFT測得的平均直徑是18-20埃)作比較。 選用的氣體流率是26升/小時,吸附溫度是22 °C。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梂準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) -14- 524718 7 Β 五、發明説明(12 ) 測試的吸附劑類型 附聚的 -附聚的 AC40 MTS25 MTS35 臨界點的吸附力(%)P/Ps = 0.32 31 26.3 33.6 臨界點的吸附力(%)P/Ps = 0.5 36 35.2 34.3 經測試的活性炭和根據本發明之吸附劑的吸附行爲相 仿;亦發現到:根據本發明之吸附劑的吸附力不會受到惰 性黏合劑存在之影響,與文獻中所示之未附聚的中孔固體 相仿。. , B.感興趣的是前面測試的吸附劑於氣相(水的分壓0.4 ,餘者不變)的吸附行爲。 _ 測試的吸附劑類型 附聚的 MTS25 附聚的 MTS35 AC40 臨界點的吸附力(%)P/Ps = 0.32 30 26 33.1 水的存在不會明顯干擾甲苯於測試的三種吸附劑之吸 附情況。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
rL ,τ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 因此證實:MTS型固體因爲孔隙體積高並比具Y或 ZSM5結構且本質上也是矽酸質的疏水性沸石高得多,所以 是移除芳族VOC的良好選擇。 實例5 (各種吸附劑的吸附/脫附能力) 此實例係關於前述試驗過的吸附劑之再生處理:後者 飽和時於26升/小時速率以氮脫附1 6小時。 之後稱得這三種吸附劑重量,推導其上之未脫附的甲 苯殘量;此値爲它們再生力的指標。 ij β 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 524718
A B 五、發明説明(13 ) 測試的吸附劑類型 附聚的 附聚的 AC40 MTS25 MTS35 殘留(%)P/Ps = 0.32 1 1.4 25 殘留(%)P/Ps = 0.5 1. ό 1.7 23.2 殘留(%)P/Ps = 0.32 +水 1 2.4 22.62 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 顯然根據本發明之吸附劑的再生力比活性炭好得多, 申請人所屬公司相信這是因爲MTS中完全無微孔之故;在 所用條件下,試驗的碳之吸附的甲苯脫附量僅約3 0味,其 結果是:在後續吸附/脫附循環中’可資利用的工作效能 會大幅降低,此與根據本發明之吸附劑不同。 實例6 (含氯化合物之吸附/脫附) 此處以丁酮(MEK ,一種含氧化合物)之吸附作用比較 根據本發明之吸附劑MTS25和活性炭AC40。 經濟部智慧財產局g(工消費合作社印製 使用實例4所描述的吸附組合品,下列者通過管柱: 由無水氮和MEK組成的氣流(MEK分壓:0.42),或 由氮、MEK和水組成的氣流(MEK分壓:0.42 ;水分 壓:0.4),在這兩個情況中,帶入的MEK量約3.8克/小時 。第一次循環包含吸附至飽和,之後於氮(Q = 26升/小時) 下脫附,之後,第二次循環僅包含吸附至飽和。 由第一和第二次吸附循環爲基礎,得到之臨界點吸附 力列於下面的附表中: 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -16 - 524718 A7 B7 五、發明説明(14 ) 試驗的吸附劑類型 附聚的 MTS25 AC 40 第一次循環時,臨界點吸附力(僅mek),(%) 30.3 30.3 第二次循環時,臨界點吸附力(僅MEK),(%) 23 7.7 第一次循環時,臨界點吸附力(MEK +水),(%) 36 第二次循環時,臨界點吸附力(MEK +水),(%) 21 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 初吸附時,觀察到吸附劑的行爲非常類似’但觀'察發 現MTS的再生力優於活性炭。實驗重複超過40次吸附/脫 附循環時,於這些40次循環終了時,測定兩種吸附劑之臨 界點的吸附力:就MTS25而言是20%,活性炭僅7.5% ;因 此推論根據本發明之吸附劑的工作效能比活性炭好得多。 實例7 (沸點不同的兩種化合物之分離) 以沸點不同的兩種化合物之吸附情況與根據本發明之 吸附劑MTS25和活性炭AC40作比較。 經濟部智慧財產局3工消費合作社印¾ 使用實例4中描述吸附組合品,由氮、沸點分別是1 1 0 °C和136 t的甲苯(1.22克/小時)和乙苯(0.456克/小時)構 成的氣體以總流率等於1 7升/小時通過管柱,之後於純氮 下,以相同流率脫附,直到P/Ps = 0.025 ;藉氣相層析法 (GC)測定管柱出口處的北合物濃度’發現甲苯先達臨界點 ,之後是乙苯,甲苯相對濃度C/Co大於1,此意謂一種分 子有效地被另一者置換。於MTS25和炭AC40上進行此實驗 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 試驗的吸附劑類型 附聚的 MTS25 AC 40 甲苯於臨界點的吸附力,(%) 30.3 25.3 製得的甲苯量(<0.1%EtBz),(克) 26 9.2 製得的甲苯量(<〇.5%EtBz),(克) 27.2 18.4 ' 524718 A7 _________B7_ 五、發明説明(15 ) 下面的附表中列出甲苯(吸附程度較低的化合物)於臨界 點的吸附力及相對於每100克吸附劑和乙苯(EtBz)含量低於 0.1 %及低於0.5 %,系統製得的甲苯量。 明顯看出:根據本發明之吸附劑分離沸點不同的分子 之效能優於活性炭。 實例8 此實例中,於下列條件下,進行VSA(真空壓力變化吸 附)型試驗:. ——個直徑5公分、高1.5米的吸附管柱中充滿實例1 中得到的MTS35(其爲直徑1.6毫米的壓出粒) —將包含28克/立方米50重量%乙酸乙酯、42%乙醇 和8 %異丙醇之混合物的空氣加以純化。 吸附條件 大氣壓 氣流通過時間:30分鐘’自底部向上 在空軸(empty shaft)中的速率:14公分/秒 氣流流率:1立方米/小時 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梂準(CNS ) A4規格(21〇 ><297公釐) ~~~" 一 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 524718 A7 _ _ B7 五、發明説明(16 ) 脫附條件 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 壓力:5.9kPa 期間:3 0分鐘,由頂部向下 滌氣流率:60升/小時 各循環持續1小時;確定前者已完全於管柱中穩定(表 示循環期間內操作穩定)時,測定出口處的濃度。於出口處 測得的濃度(長時間穩定)低於0.15克/立方米。 , 實例1的MTS改爲申請人所屬公司銷售的活性炭 (SA 1 83 1 ,BET比表面積是1.320平方米/克,孔隙體積是 0.85立方公分/克(N2吸附,於77K測定(<1〇〇埃)),孔隙尺 寸分佈寬(1 0-200埃)),進行相同VSA試驗,藉以比較。 測試兩種吸附劑(MTS和活性炭),有效工作力在7.5克 V〇C /升吸附劑範圍內,此顯示吸附劑的操作效能與活性 炭一樣好,沒有因非可燃性造成的缺點。 經濟部智慧財產苟@ (工消費合作社印¾ 實例9(自具窄且經校準__中孔分佈的中孔無機固體製備^^ 矽石) 29.4克Noramium MS 50和8.4克氫氧化鈉溶解於 克水中。攪拌以使所有的成份溶解之後,3 1克(以無水物言十 )沉澱矽石(由申請人所屬公司銷售,名稱是Levmte , _ BET比表面積是627平方米/克,孔隙體積是0.73立方& $ /克(%吸附,於77;^測定(10-5 00埃))分散於混合物中,5 後使其達1 〇〇 °c,溫和攪拌地維持此溫度達16小時。_ _ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) ~^ -19 - 524718 A7 B7 __ 五、發明説明(17) 此混合物,所得固體以6升水淸洗,之後乾燥,固體在空 氣中於5 50 °C熱處理2小時之後,性質如下: BET比表面積 1100平方米/克 孔隙體積(NT2吸附,於77K測定(20- 1 00埃))0.73立方米/克 平均孔隙直徑(BJH) 28埃 90%的中孔直徑介於23和33埃之間。 由,2於77K的吸附/脫附等溫圖,得到BJH孔隙分佈 曲線,其爲附圖1。 實例1 0 29.4克Noramium MS 50和8.4克氫氧化鈉溶解於310 克水中。攪拌以使所有的成份溶解之後,3 1克(以無水物計 )沉澱矽石(由申請人所屬公司銷售,名稱是Silopol 2104 , 其BET比表面積是322平方米/克,孔隙體積是1.6立方公 分/克(N2吸附,於77K測定( 10-500埃))分散於混合物中, 之後使其達100 °C,溫和攪拌地維持此溫度達16小時。過 濾此混合物,所得固體以6升水淸洗,之後乾燥,固體在 空氣中於5 5 0 °C熱處理2小時之後,性質如下: BET比表面積 1 1 14平方米/克 孔隙體積(20- 100埃)(N2吸附,於77K測定1.04立方米/克 (20- 1 00 埃)) 平均孔隙直徑(BJH) 33埃 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) ' -20 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 装
、1T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作钍印製
Claims (1)
- 524718 | w 本丨 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 附件二A: 第90 1 07094號專利申請案 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 中文申請專利範圍修正本 民國91年6月修正 1. 一種無機固體,其能夠在相對壓力〇·5、25°C條件下 ,吸附超過7.5重量%(以超過10重量%爲佳)甲苯’其中孔 體積超過或等於0.09立方公分/克,總孔隙體積的至少 90%之直徑超過20埃,其至少90%孔隙分佈於平均直徑土 5 埃範圍內,其平均顆粒尺寸通常介於1和1〇毫米之間,其 特徵爲其包含: 50至95重量份(以經鍛燒者計)多孔無機固體,稱爲 MTS,於相對壓力0.5、25°C條件下,其能夠吸附超過15重 量%甲苯,其中孔體積大於或等於〇. 1 8立方公分/克,總 孔隙體積的至少90%之直徑超過20埃,且至少90%孔隙分 佈於平均直徑± 5埃範圍內, 50至5重量份惰性黏合劑(就吸附觀點爲惰性)。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之無機固體,其中該無機固體 具有具窄且經校準之中孔分佈,且具有可以下式表示之化 學組成: (SixAl卜χΗι·χ)〇2,OS 0.3。 3. —種用以製備如申請專利範圍第2項之固體之方法, 其特徵在於其係: 利用反應混合物之結晶作用,此反應混合物包含矽石 來源、用以移動矽石的物劑(如:氫氧化鈉)、選用的少量鋁 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ ^ : 524718 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 、作爲指向劑的界面活性劑、溶劑及選用之溶解於微胞中 的溶脹劑, (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 之後過濾,淸洗和乾燥及鍛燒所得之粉狀的無機固體 之後使該粉狀固體在有水存在時附聚,例如,壓出或 與黏合劑(在吸附作用中呈惰性者,特別選自黏土(如:蒙脫 土)、活性白土、高嶺土或海泡石、矽石或氧化鈦或氧化銷) 造粒,及 於至少400°C鍛燒。 4. 一種用以分離由至少兩種氣態分子化合物組成之混合 物中之組份的方法,其特徵爲其包含交替操作的下列步驟 a) 將該氣體混合物通入包含如申請專利範圍第1或 項之具窄且經校準中孔分佈之無機固體的吸附區,及於該 吸附區出口回收沸點最低的化合物或富含沸點最低之化合 物的氣體混合物, b) 使在吸附區中吸附的一或多種化合物脫附, 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 c) 使吸附區再生,以恢復其吸附力。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,再生步階段c) 藉真空裝置(抽氣)' 藉由以一或多種惰性氣體和/或以在吸 附區出口處得到的氣體化合物對吸附區施以滌氣處理、藉 由提高溫度或藉由組合抽氣、滌氣和/或提高溫度的方式 進行。 6·如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該方法爲PSA( 本紙張尺度適用中國@家襟準(CNS ) A4規格(21GX297公釐)' 一 524718 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 壓力變化吸附)或VSA(真空變壓吸附)型方法,且其中,脫 附階段b)係藉由降低吸附於該脫附區內之化合物的分壓, 之後藉由對流或並流方式引入低沸點化合物流或富含低沸 點化合物的氣體混合物而提高該吸附區內的壓力(階段(c)) 〇 7. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該方法爲TSA( 溫度變化吸附)型方法,且其中係將脫附區溫度提高至高於 階段a)之溫度的溫度下,進行脫附階段b)。 8. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該方法爲PTSA( 變溫變壓吸附)型方法,且其中係將脫附區溫度提高至高於 階段a)之溫度的溫度下,及藉由降低吸附於該脫附區內之 化合物的分壓,而進行脫附階段b),之後以對流或並流方 式引入低沸點化合物流或富含低沸點化合物的氣體混合物 而提高該吸附區內的壓力(階段(c))。 9. 如申請專利範圍第4至8項中任何一項之方法,其中 ,低沸點化合物是乾或濕空氣。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 10. 如申請專利範圍第4至8項中任何一項之方法,其 中,低沸點化合物是烴,特別是含氧烴,更特別是酮、醛 、酸或醇系的烴。 11. 如申請專利範圍第4至8項中任何一項之方法,其 中,沸點較高的化合物是烴,特別是含氧烴,更特別是 酮、醛、酸或醇系的烴。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 3 -
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FR0003831A FR2806643B1 (fr) | 2000-03-27 | 2000-03-27 | Methode de separation de molecules en phase gaz par adsorption au moyen d'adsorbants inorganiques solides agglomeres a distribution mesoporeuse etroite et calibree |
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JP (1) | JP2002012418A (zh) |
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CN100400139C (zh) * | 2007-07-09 | 2008-07-09 | 江苏正本净化节水科技实业有限公司 | 水处理用纳米微晶复合滤料及其制造方法 |
CN101497022B (zh) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-06-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 聚结型沸石吸附剂及其制备方法 |
CN101417193B (zh) * | 2008-11-07 | 2014-02-26 | 江苏正本净化节水科技实业有限公司 | 纳米微晶复合滤料 |
IT1392165B1 (it) * | 2008-12-01 | 2012-02-22 | Eni Spa | Processo per la separazione di gas |
CN101940909B (zh) * | 2010-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 一种高效生态型无机甲醛吸附材料及其制备方法 |
CN102335585B (zh) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-04-10 | 陕西科技大学 | 锆改性的凹凸棒粘土吸附剂制备方法及采用该吸附剂去除水中氟的方法 |
CN104258816B (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种用于废水处理的磁性剥离型蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法 |
CN108423687A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽博硕科技有限公司 | 一种凹凸棒可塑性球粘土的制备方法 |
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-
2000
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- 2001-03-27 CA CA002342258A patent/CA2342258A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-27 KR KR1020010015990A patent/KR20010090588A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-27 JP JP2001089381A patent/JP2002012418A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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US6530974B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 |
JP2002012418A (ja) | 2002-01-15 |
KR20010090588A (ko) | 2001-10-18 |
FR2806643B1 (fr) | 2002-05-03 |
US20020038603A1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
CA2342258A1 (fr) | 2001-09-27 |
FR2806643A1 (fr) | 2001-09-28 |
EP1138377A1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 |
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