TW488108B - Composites suitable as separators in electrochemical cells - Google Patents
Composites suitable as separators in electrochemical cells Download PDFInfo
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- TW488108B TW488108B TW089105824A TW89105824A TW488108B TW 488108 B TW488108 B TW 488108B TW 089105824 A TW089105824 A TW 089105824A TW 89105824 A TW89105824 A TW 89105824A TW 488108 B TW488108 B TW 488108B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-{5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl}-3-methylisoxazole Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1Cl FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- -1 sulfonium amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 102
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- WFLOTYSKFUPZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoroethene Chemical compound FC=CF WFLOTYSKFUPZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FIWILGQIZHDAQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=C(C(=O)NCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC(F)(F)F)C=C(C(=N1)N)N1N=C(N=C1)C1(CC1)C(F)(F)F Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)NCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC(F)(F)F)C=C(C(=N1)N)N1N=C(N=C1)C1(CC1)C(F)(F)F FIWILGQIZHDAQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XIVPVSIDXBTZLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OCC=C XIVPVSIDXBTZLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNFFZVPOFBBNHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctanoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)OCC=C DNFFZVPOFBBNHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HAFZJTKIBGEQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC=C HAFZJTKIBGEQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPCIWDZYMSZAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC=C HPCIWDZYMSZAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDWJJTJNXAKQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CCCCC1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)CCN1CCCCC1 QDWJJTJNXAKQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
488108 五、發明說明(1) 本發明係、關於複合物,其特別適合作為區隔物供電 池,較佳為可再充電電池,特別是鋰電池及鋰離子電池 用’關於此寻區隔物,雷仆雷、、★士包 等複合物之方法。冑化^本身’亦關於—種製造此 電化電池,特別是可再充電者為己知,例如,述於 UUmann的工業化學百科全書,5版,v〇1. A3,VCH、 V^erUgsgesellschaft mbH, We i hb e i m 1 9 8 5, 343-397 =^比能量健存密度,鐘電池及鐘離子電池在此等電 /中佔有特殊地位,尤其是作為第二電池。 鈷如",之發明摘要所述,該電池含有錳、 情況戈:月為二鐘乳化合物氧化物。其可以化學計算最簡單 =月為ΜΜη2〇4,UC〇02,LiV205 或LiNi02。 加入:=化:7逆向與物質如石墨反應,请離子 或鎳離子^甘:離子自晶格除去,而金屬離子如錳,鈷 儲存電铲,、中破氧化。在電化電池中,此反應可被用以 物質中(充電),自含純合氧化物,即Ξ °σ、同妾又鋰離子之化合物,即陽極物質。 集i電=儲存鐘離子之化合物通常利㈣合劑固定於收 朝向陽:i;日二::ί::卜電壓源及鋰陽離子經電解質 電子自陽朽从所田使用迅池呀,鋰陽離子流過電解質,而 iw極物質經電荷流至陽極物質。 第6頁 五、發明說明(2) 為了避免電J匕電池内 離子之層定位於二電極^路,一電絕緣但可滲透至鋰陽 隔物。 曰。此稱為固態電解質或傳統运 已知固態電解質及區 、 的化合物加入載體物質;,▲载體物質所組成,可以離解' 增加鐘離子導電性,亦含 ^化合物含有鐘陽離子並用以 性薄膜被提出作為區隔二^二$其他添加劑如溶劑。微孔 637說明一種微孔性薄问膜,发一勺段^時間。例如,GB 2 027 積%聚稀烴及10至60體積%|播包枯含—基質,具有40至90體 定義。所述基質基於薄膜其他組份’如本文所 且為船蓄電池用之區隔物^積具有30至95體積%孔腔’ EP-B 0 71 5 364說明一種具有關閉特性 所述電池區隔物具有第一料》丨祕『 ^ 厂 ,,β Α人 欲孔性搞,其具關閉功能並由選 从i 聚乙稀之混合物及聚乙稀之共聚物所組 成之群之貝所製成。區隔物亦具有第二微孔性膜,苴且 強化功能並由選自聚丙烯,主要含聚丙烯之混合物及聚; 烯之共聚物所組^之群之物質所製成。根據說明,此區隔 物具有較習知技藝更佳機械強度及轉送能量。 EP-A 0 7 1 8 90 1說明具關閉特性之三層式電池區隔物。 此區隔物含有第一與第三微孔性聚丙埽膜,其又包含微孔 性聚乙烯膜,其中第一與第三膜具有較第二膜更大抗穿孔 性及更高熔點。 EP-A_〇 708 7 9 1說明一種膜形式之複合聚合物電解質, 其具有塗佈至由孔性聚四氟乙烯膜製成之基質材料之傳導 488108 五、發明說明(3) 一"---;----- 離子的聚合物凝膠。 DE-—A 1 9 85 9 826.3說明一種適合作為電化電池中區 物之複合物’並包含一傳統成層之區隔物及至少一其°他同 層,其中其包含一固體及聚合粘合劑,一聚合物或&聚 物,其沿鏈具有終端及/或側端反應性基,當曝露至熱及 /或紫外線照射時,其 < 交聯反應。 鑒於此習知技藝,本發明之目的為提供一種區隔物,其 同樣具有關閉功能,在高溫(〉1 5 0 °c )下更具有形穩性及進 一步改良機械強度,而真具有優異傳導離子特性或為DE-A 1 9 8 5 0 8 2 6 · 3之複合物之替代系統。 頃發明此目的利用一複合物可達成,複合物包含至少一 個第一層,其包含組合物,包含 (a) 1至99重量%具有主要粒子大小為5 nm至1〇〇 之固 體(I)或由至少二個固體製成之混合物, (b) 99至1重量%聚合粘合劑(II),玎藉聚合下列獲得 bl)基於粘合劑(II),5至1〇〇重量%縮合產物III,由 以下製成 α)至少一個化合物I V,其可與羧酸或磺酸或衍生 物或與其中二個或以上之混合物反應,及 召)每莫耳化合物I V至少一莫耳羧酸或磺酸V,其具 有至少一個可游離基聚合之官能基,或其衍生物或其中二 個或以上之混合物 及 b2)基於粘合劑(II),〇至95重量%另一具有平均分子
488108 五、發明說明(4) 量(數目平均值)為至少5〇〇〇,在 之化合物V11, 芏或側鏈中具有聚醚部份 其中至少一層塗一 第二層。 3有至少一個傳統區隔物之 本發明亦關於上述類型之複合物,A (I ΙΑ)可藉聚合下列獲得 八中來a粘a训 於二合劑(IIA) 5至75重量%化合物VI,其不同 η州,且不同於其任何衍生物並可游離基聚 合’或其二種或以上之混合物 及 b2),基於粘合劑(ΠΑ) 25至95重量%另一化合物νπ, 其具有平均分子量(數目平均值)為至少5〇〇〇,在主或側鏈 具有聚喊部份。 以下洋述呈現於至少一個第一層中之組合物及其製備方 法0 固體ί較佳為選自無機固體所組成之群,較佳為鹼性無 機固體,選自氧化物、混合氧化物、碳酸鹽、矽酸鹽、硫 酸鹽、磷酸鹽、醯胺、亞胺、氮化物及第四過渡族,或週 期表之第一、第二、第三或第四主要族之元素之碳化物所 組成之群;一聚合物,選自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、 聚四氟乙烯及聚亞乙烯氟;聚醯胺、聚亞胺所組成之群; 包含此類聚合物之固體分散液;玻璃粉、毫微玻璃粒子如 Monosper® (Merck)、微玻璃粒子如Spheriglas® (Potters-Bal lot ini)毫微晶鬚及其二種或以上之混合
-五、發明說明(5) 物’其中所得組合物可被 ’’固體111,,一詞龙括任何人固態介電質及/或區隔物。 條件下為固體,且其在㊉b合物,其在標準溫度及壓力 條:下操作電池時不會接收= 電池充電時-般 為驗體⑴之化合物為無機固體… m m 二,^ 、自氧化物、混合氧化物、矽酸鹽、硫 第二:碳酸鹽:磷酸鹽、氮化物、醯胺、S胺、及週期表 η 4 第一、第二或第四主要族或第四過渡族之元素之碳 乙歸所2成足群;夂聚合物,選自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯 之君、,·永四敦乙烯及聚亞乙烯氟;聚醯胺及聚亞胺所組成 混^物包含此類聚合物之固態分散液,及其二種或以上之 鏵^別f例可述及··氧化物,如二氧化石夕、氧化紹、氧化 物1石,化欽’例如元素硬、釣、紹、鎂、鈦之化合氧化 石、f ^鹽’如梯形矽酸鹽,肌―、葉-及頂矽酸鹽,如滑 石、石、白雲母、金雲母、閃石、島狀矽酸鹽、輝 灰石了 =馱鹽1沸石、長石、矽灰石,特別是疏水化的矽 金屬访=:·葉矽酸鹽;硫酸鹽,如鹼金屬硫酸鹽及鹼土 鹽,:碳酸鹽,如鹼金屬碳酸鹽及鹼土金屬碳酸 灰石^鈣、鎂或鋇或碳酸鋰、鉀或鈉;磷酸鹽,如磷 如聚7、安類,亞胺類;氮化物類;碳化物類;聚合物, 膠、二i t人ΑΚ亞胺或其他熱塑塑料、熱固物或微粒凝 人如來a物粒子,如Agfaperl®,固態分散液,特別:
第10頁 氟、取、^ΛΚ丙烯、聚笨乙烯、聚四氟乙烯及聚亞乙烯 488108 五、發明說明(6) :物者,以及二種或以上上述固體之混合 固體,較佳^日可使用之固體1亦包含無機傳導鐘離子之 為鹼性無機傳導鋰離子之固體。
Li B 為··錢 M,如Li4Mll*xH2Q,Li3(B02)3,
Li 0*A1 0 n .2 ,、中乂數可為0至20 ;鋁酸鋰,如 2 $ 2 3 2 ,’ LiAl02 ;矽酸鋁鋰,如含經沸 石、長石、具^:俶汴仏 从 B ^ ^
LiAlSi (W#長代茱—及肌矽酸鹽,及特別是 L A 20 相)、UA1Sl4〇1° (匹㈣,Petullite)、 、K「L /Λ 霞石)、雲如,如 K[Ll,A1]3[A1Si 认。(F, ’ ,e]3[Alsi]4〇1D(F-〇H)2 ;鐘沸石,特別是纖 2
Vn * : η立土方形式* ’及特別是具有通式Li2/z〇*A12〇3* ί广石^匕It 其中2為化合價·,χ為u至約12 ^為0至約 ,反、,如Ll2C2、Li4C ; Li3N ;氧化鋰及化合氧化鋰 如1^102、Li2Mn〇3、Li20、Ll2〇2、U2Mn〇4、LiJl〇3、,
Li2NH,LiNH2 ;磷酸鋰’如Li3p〇4、Lip〇3、UA1Fp〇4、 LiAl(0H)P04、UFeP04、LiMnP〇4 ;Li2c〇3 ;以梯形石》酸略 形式之矽酸鋰,肌_,葉_及頂矽酸鹽,如U2Si〇3 及Ll6Si:;硫酸鋰,如以㈣、LiHS〇4、UKS〇4 ;以及心化4 合物,述及化合物I b,其中當其被用作固體丨時,排除泰 導黑之存在;以及二種或以上上述傳導鐘離子之固體之二 合物。 較佳固體I為疏水化的固體丨,更佳為上述類型之疏水化 的化合物。 鹼性固體特別適合。為了本發明之目的起見,鹼性固體
第11頁 五、發明說明(7) 為其與本身具有PH不超過7之液能a 有f此稀釋劑更高pH者。 心3水稀釋劑之混合物具 於= Π = = ㈣質…溶解,且 。.⑼:為 Π:。要= 微術測定。顏料之熔點較佳 ::粒子大小由電子顯 上,12 0t以上,特別是15〇J =電池之-般操作溫度以 利。 上之熔點經證實特別有 顏料之外形可對稱,即, 办 寬比)為約1,且應成形為球形或丸〇,見·長之尺寸比(長 為任何所欲多角形’如立方體、四角开;:=形,或應 或雙錐體,或可被扭曲或非對稱,即r具;高:二八;J形 尺寸比(長寬比)不等於h例如 /、 =·見·長之 非對稱雙錐體、非對稱六角形或八角稱:角形、 知之上限意指在各情況中之最小軸線。 ” τ们,οοΛ 特佳為50至80重量%固體 I曰及1至99重,較佳為1〇至85重量%,更佳為。至乃重 量%,特佳為20至50重量%聚合粘合劑丨丨*ΙΙΑ。一 应作Λ合使物17之化合物,其可與幾酸或績酸v反應或 與何生物或與其二種或以卜夕、、曰人仏 可配合此標準之化合物反應,原則上為任何 五、發明說明(8) :為11較佳為選自單及多元醇,其主鏈僅具碳原子; :一::醇’其主鏈,除了至少二個碳原子以夕卜,具有至 夕 ’、子選自氧、磷及氮所組成之群;含矽之化合物; t有個第-胺基之胺;具有至少-個第二胺基之 胺,胺醇;單及多元硫醇;具有至少一個硫醇基及至少一 個3之化合物;及其二種或以上之混合物所組成之群。 /、中,優先選擇為化合物Iv,其具有二個或以上官能 基’可與羧酸或磺酸反應。 斤田t用具有胺基官能基之化合物丨v時,較佳為使用具有 第一 fe基者,使在縮合/交聯後,無游離題基呈現於粘合 劑I I内或僅小量此等基。 所述較佳化合物之細節為: 1,2 -及1,3 -丙一醇、ι,2 -及ι,3~ 丁 二醇、ι,4- 醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、l 2一 單或夕元%,其主鏈僅具碳原子且其具有1至2〇個醇⑽ 基’較佳為2至20個,特佳為2至1〇個該基,特別是二、三 及四兀醇,較佳為具有2至2〇個碳原子,例如,乙二醇、 醇 烷 1,4 - 醇、甘油、三羥甲基丙烷、表氣醇及糖醇、氫醌、酚醛清 漆及雙紛A ’但由上述定義可知,亦可使用一元醇,如曱 醇、乙醇、丙醇、正丁醇、第二丁醇或第三丁醇;亦可使 用聚技基稀煙’較佳為具有二個終端經基者,例如,α, ύ〇 --一象基丁二細; 聚醋多醇為習知,例如,獲自U1 lmann的Encyclop S die der technischen Chemie, 4版,Vol.19, 6 2- 6 5 頁,且例
第13頁 哪108 五、發明說明(9) 如,二元醇與多價,較佳為二價聚羧酸反應而得; 單或多元醇’其主鏈除了至少二個碳原子以外,亦包含 至少一個氧原子,較佳為聚醚醇,如環氧乙烯、如氧化異 丁稀、氧化丙烯、氧化乙烯、丨,2—環氧丁烷、丨,2_環氧戊 烧、1,2-環氧己烧、四氫呋喃及氧化苯乙烯之聚合產物; 亦可使用端基改質之聚醚醇,如用NH2端基改質之聚醚 醇;此等醇較佳具有分子量(數目平均值)為丨〇 〇至5 〇 〇 〇, 更佳為2 0 0至1 0 0 0,特佳為3〇〇至8〇〇 ;此類化合物本身為 =知,且為市售,例如,商品名稱piuri〇i(g)或piur〇nic@ (BASF Aktiengesellschaft); 以上定義之醇,其中若干或 可使用聚矽氧烷或氧化伸烷—石夕卜有奴原子由矽取代;特別 矽氧烷之混合物,例如,述於烷共聚物或聚醚醇與聚 728 ;上述其亦應用於此等醇、581 296及EP-A 525 、 卞#之分子量; 如上定義之时,特別是聚轉醇,盆 # 、 由硫原子所取代,上述其亦鹿田〃若干或所有氧原子 單或多元硫,其主鏈除了至小—I 千里, 至少一個磷原子或至少一個氮;^们妷原子以外,亦包含 胺; 气原+,如二乙醇胺及三乙醇 内酯類,其係自式HO-(CH2)、Ρηηττ 為1至20之數,例如,ε -己内2妒 之化合物衍生,其中2 或甲基…己隊 酉曰、^丙㈣、r-丁内醋 含矽之化合物,例如,二或三 笨基二氣矽烷或二曱基乙烯氣 氯石夕烧、苯基三氣矽烷、 砂烧;矽烷醇類,如三甲
488108 五、發明說明(ίο) 基石夕烧醇; 具有至少一個第一及/或第二胺基之胺,如丁胺、2-乙 基己胺、乙二胺、六亞曱二胺、二乙三胺、四乙五胺、五 乙六胺、苯胺或伸苯二胺; 聚醚二胺類,如,4,7 -二卩号癸烷-1,1 0 -二胺或4,1 1 -二 口等癸烷-1,14 -二胺; 單或多元硫醇類,如脂族硫醇,如,甲烷硫醇、乙烷硫 醇、環己烷硫醇或十二烷硫醇;芳香族硫醇,如硫代苯 酚、4 -氯硫代苯酚或2 -硫醇苯胺; 具有至少一個硫醇基及至少一個羥基之化合物,例如, 4 -羥基硫代苯酚,或以上定義之多元醇之單硫衍生物; 胺醇類,如乙醇胺、正曱基乙醇胺、N -乙基乙醇胺、N -丁基乙醇胺、2 -胺基-1-丙醇、2 -胺基-1-苯酚乙醇、具有 超過二個脂族系鍵合之羥基之單或聚胺聚醇類,例如,三 個(羥曱基)曱胺、還原葡糖胺或N,N ’ -雙(2 -羥乙基)乙二 胺。 亦可使用二種或以上上述定義之化合物I V之混合物。 根據本發明,上述化合物I V係與羧酸或磺酸V縮合,其 具有至少一個官能基可游離基聚合,或與其衍生物或其二 種或以上之混合物縮合。可在化合物I V内縮合之至少一 個,較佳為所有游離基係與化合物V縮合。 為了本發明之目的起見,羧酸或磺酸V原則上可為任何 羧酸或磺酸,其具有至少一個可游離基聚合之官能基,或 其衍生物。所用"衍生物"一詞包括化合物,其自酸功能改
第15頁 488108 五、發明說明(11) 質之羧酸或磺酸衍生,如酯類、酸性齒化物或酐,及化合 物,其自在其碳架構上改質之羧酸或績酸衍生,如,鹵代 魏酸或il代續酸。 可述及之特殊化合物V為: α,々-不飽和羧酸及々,r -不飽和羧酸。 特別適合之α,/3 -不飽和羧酸為下式者
其中R1,R2及R3氫或烷基,其中優先選擇為丙烯酸及 曱基丙烯酸;亦可成功使用肉桂酸、順丁烯二酸、反丁烯 二酸、依康酸或對乙烯苯甲酸,或其衍生物,如酐類,如 順丁烯二酸或依康酸酐; 鹵化物類,特別是氯化物,如丙烯醯基或曱基丙烯醯 氣; 酯類,例如,在烷基中具有高達20個碳原子之(甲基)丙 烯酸(環)烷酯,例如,曱基、乙基、丙基、丁基、己基、 2 -乙基己基、硬脂酸基、月桂基、環己基、T基、三氟甲 基、六氟丙基或四氟丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇單 (曱基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇單(曱基)丙烯酸酯、多元醇之 聚(曱基)丙烯酸酯,如二(曱基)丙烯酸甘油酯、三羥甲基
第16頁 488108 五、發明說明(12) 丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如二(甲基)丙烯酸甘油酯、三羥 曱基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,表氯醇二或三(曱基)丙烯酸 酯、二乙二醇雙(單(2-丙烯氧基)乙基)碳酸酯,或醇類之 聚(曱基)丙烯酸酯,其本身具有可游離基聚合之基,如 (甲基)丙烯酸之酯及乙烯及/或烯丙醇; 其他脂族或芳香族魏酸之乙稀,例如,乙酸乙稀g旨、 丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、己酸乙烯酯、辛酸乙烯酯、癸 酸乙烯酯、硬脂酸乙烯酯、棕櫚酸乙烯酯、巴豆酸乙烯 、己二酸二乙烯酯、癸二酸二乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯 酯或三氟乙酸乙烯酯; 其他脂族或芳香族羧酸之烯丙酯,例如,乙酸烯丙酯、 丙酸烯丙酯、丁酸烯丙酯、己酸烯丙酯、辛酸烯丙酯、癸 酸烯丙酯、硬脂酸烯丙酯、棕橺酸烯丙酯、巴豆酸稀.丙 酯、水楊酸烯丙酯、乳酸烯丙酯、草酸二烯丙酯、丙二酸 二烯丙酯、琥珀酸二烯丙酯、戊二酸二烯丙酯、己二酸二 烯丙酯、庚二酸二烯丙酯、肉桂酸二烯丙酯、順丁烯二酸 二烯丙酯、酞酸二烯丙酯、異酞酸二烯丙酯、1,3, 5 -苯三 羧酸三烯丙酯、三氟乙酸烯丙酯、過氟丁酸烯丙酯或過氟 辛酸烯丙酯; /5,r -不飽和羧酸或其衍生物,例如,乙烯乙酸、2 -曱 基乙烯乙酸、3- 丁酸異丁酯、3- 丁酸烯丙酯、2-羥基-3-丁酸烯丙酯或雙烯酮; 磺酸,例如,乙烯磺酸、烯丙或曱基烯丙磺酸或其鹵化 物或酯,苯磺酸乙烯酯或4 -乙烯苯磺醯胺。
488108 五、發明說明(13) 亦可使用二種或以上上述叛酸及/或績酸之混合物。 對可用以製備粘合劑(I I A)之可游離基聚合之化合物 VI,應述之各例為: 烯烴類,如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、異丁烯、己烯及高級同 系物及乙烯環己烷; (曱基)丙烯腈; 鹵化烯烴化合物,如亞乙烯氟、亞乙烯氯、乙烯氟、乙 炸氣、六敗丙稀、三氟丙稀、1,2-二氣乙稀、1,2_二氟乙 稀及四氟乙烯; 乙烯醇、乙酸乙烯酯、N-乙烯吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯咪唑及 乙烯曱醯胺; 氮化磷氣化物,如二氣化磷氮化物、六氣(三膦肼)及其 由烧氧基、苯氧基、胺基或氟烧氧基部份或完全取代之衍 生物,即,可被聚合以得聚膦哄之化合物; 芳香族烯烴化合物,例如,苯乙烯或α -曱基苯乙烯; 乙烯醚類,例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、 異丁基、己基、辛基、癸基、十二烷基、2-乙基己基、環 己基、▼基、三氟曱基、六氟丙基或四氟丙基乙稀_。 當然,其亦可使用上述化合物V I之混合物,在該情況製 成共聚物。端視製備之性質而定·,其含有任意分佈之單體 或代表嵌段共聚物。 此等化合物V I,如同縮合產物I I I係以熟悉此技藝者慣 用方式聚合,較佳藉游離基聚合,且其下述與化合物V I I 相關應用至所得分子量。
第18頁 488108
可能化合物V I I主要為化合物,具有平均分子量(數目平 均值)為至少5 0 0 0,較佳為50 0 0至2 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,特佳為 1 0 0,0 0 0至6,0 0 0,0 0 0並可溶劑化鋰陽離子並具粘合劑之功 能。適當化合物v 11之例為聚醚及共聚物,基於化合物v工ι 之全部重量,其具有至少30重量%下面結構單元:
〇一 η 其中R1,R2,R3及R4為芳基或烷基,較佳為曱基或氫且為相 同或不同並可包含雜原子如氧、氮、硫或石夕。 此類化合物述於,例如Μ· Β· Armand等人,固體中堅牢 鐵之運送,Elsevier,紐約,1979 ’131-136頁或述於 FR-A 7832976 。 ' 化合物V I I可由此類化合物二種或以上之混合物所組 成。 以上定義之聚合钻合劑I I及I I A亦可呈泡珠形式,在兮 情況,固體I分散於其中。 ~ 化合物VII有利具有平均分子量(數目平均值)為5QQ0至 1 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,較佳為5 0,0 0 0至8,00〇,〇〇〇。枯合劑丨丨可藉 反應基於枯合劑I I 5至1 0 0重量% ’較佳為3 〇至7 〇重量%至
第19頁 488108 五、發明說明(15) 少一個縮合產物I I I與基於粘合劑I I 〇至9 5重量%,特別是 30至7 0重量%化合物VII而得。粘合劑ΠΑ之化合物VII有利 具有平均分子量(數目平均值)為5〇〇〇至1〇〇,〇〇〇,〇〇〇,較 佳為5 0,0 0 0至8,0 0 〇,〇 〇 〇。粘合劑丨丨a可藉反應基於粘合劑 IIA 5至75重量% ’較佳為3〇至7〇重量%化合物¥1與基於粘 合劑I IA 25至95重量%,較佳為3〇至7〇重量%化合物νι I而 馮了製造才I 縮合產物丨I I 邮Τ τ 物 一、可,亿合物VI I製備 月豆I I I、化合物V I及化人从ν 較佳Α人π s π 7 *VI1與慣用添 平乂彳土為含聚虱化乙烯或 其他可用之聚合物塑 物。特料述及:111可包含熱塑性 1) 聚碳酸酯,例如, 碳酸丁—成g匕另取 人反酉夂乙:%酉旨、 夂丁一烯sg及聚碳 2) 由下列製備之均聚Z乙=° a) 烯烴類,如乙 ,&聚合物 烯或高級同系物、T - x丙烯、丁烯、 乙烯環己烷、1,3〜Λ :烯、環戊烯、環 戊間二稀及乙稀原冰7 = :1’ 3—,14- b) 芳香族烴類,# ’ C)丙烯酸酯類$ w°本乙烯及甲基苯 基、異丙纟、丁:甲基丙稀酸龍類, 基、乙暴己基:環G基二二基、辛 己基、卞基、三氟 "丨用之一層,混 必要時,化合物VII製備 合物可自 ’或混合 加劑,如 化劑。 及傳導離 固體I、 物可自固 塑化劑, 子之聚合 聚碳酸丙烯酯、聚 及共聚物 異丁烯、丙烯、己 己烯、原冰片烯、 及1,5 -己二烯、異
乙烯; 如甲基、 基、癸基 曱基、六
第20頁 488108 五、發明說明(16) 四氟丙基丙烯酸酯及,分別為曱基丙烯酸酯; d) 丙烯腈、曱基丙烯腈、N-曱基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯咪 唑及乙酸乙酯; e) 乙烯醚類,如甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、 異丁基、已基、辛基、癸基、十二烧基、2-乙基己基、環 己基、T基、三氟曱基、六氟丙基及四氟丙基乙稀醚; f) 含之稀烴化合物之聚合物及共聚物,如亞乙稀 氟、亞乙稀氣、乙稀氟、乙稀氯、六氟丙稀、三氟丙稀、 1,2 -二氣乙烯、1,2 -二氟乙烯及四氟乙烯;較佳為乙烯 氣、丙烯腈或亞乙烯氟之聚合物或共聚物;由乙烯氣與亞 乙稀氯、乙烯氯與丙稀腈、亞乙稀氟與六氟丙稀及亞乙稀 氟與六氟丙烯製成之共聚物;由亞乙稀氟與六氟丙烯,以 及由乙稀氟、四氟乙稀及三氟乙稀所組成之群之一員所製 成之三聚物;特別是由亞乙烯氟與六氟丙烯製成之共聚 物;進一步優先選擇為含有75至92重量%亞乙烯氟與8至25 重量%六氟丙稀之共聚物。 g) 碳酸2-乙烯吡啶酯、4-乙烯吡啶酯及伸乙烯酯。 在製備上述聚合物時,必要及/或適宜時,可使用調整 劑如硫醇。 3)聚脲烷類,可獲自例如藉反應 a)具有6至3 0個碳原子之有機二異氰酸酯,例如,月旨 族非環狀二異氰酸醋,例如,1,5 -二異氰酸六亞曱酯及 1,6 -二異氰酸六亞曱酯,脂族環狀二異氰酸酯,例如,1, 4-二異氰酸環己烯酯、二異氰酸二環己曱烷及二異氰酸異
488108 五、發明說明(17) 佛爾酮,或芳香族二異氰酸酯,例如,2, 4〜二異氰酸甲苯 酯,2,6 -二異氰酸甲苯酯、間二異氰酸四甲二 對,異氰酸四甲基二曱苯酯、丨,5一二異氰酸四氫萘酯】 4, 4’ -二異氰酸二伸笨曱烷酯,或此類化合物之混入物, 與 口 b)多兀醇類,如聚酯醇,聚醚醇及二醇。 聚酯醇普遍有利為具有終端〇H基之線式聚合物,較佳為 具有-或-個特佳為二個終端QH基者。聚自旨醇之酸值為 低於10,較佳為低於3。聚_醇可以簡單方式藉醋化具有4 至15個碳原子,較佳為4至6個碳原子之脂族或5芳香族二 羧酸與二醇類,較佳為具有2至25個碳原子之二醇二,' 藉聚合具有3至20個碳原子之内酯而製備。可一 之例為戊二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、十二烷醇酸, 較佳為已二酸及琥轴酸。適當芳香族二缓 酞酸、酞酸或此等二羧酸盥豆仙—%缺上祕 ^ ^ 坆敎興具他一羧酸如聯苯酸、癸二 酸、琥珀酸及己二酸之混合物。=羧酸 物使用。為了製備聚酯醇,苴环值工而也 苟飞作為此口 日酥其可偶而取代二羧酸有利使用 對應酸性衍生物,如羧酸w^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 另π 1足用 、 > 故Θ文酐或羧酸氯化物。適當二醇之例 為二乙二醉、1,5~~ 戍-_ 1 1Π , ^ ^ 叹—酉子、I 10 —癸二醇及2, 2, 4-三曱基 -1,5 -戊二醇。優先選擇兔由 、谇馮使用1,2 -乙二醇、1,3-丙二 醇、2-曱基-1,3 -丙二酸 -,Α 知、1,4- 丁二醇、ι,6-己二醇、 2,2-二曱基 -1,3-丙二酸 1 Α 知、1,4-二羥甲基環己烷、14-二 乙醇環己烷及2,2 -雙(4〜叙甘α #、 / 、 夂w搜基伸笨)丙烷(雙酚A)之乙氧化 或丙氧化產物。端視聚脲烧中所欲特性而定,多元醇可單
第22頁 抑 8108
如萘衍生物或特別是苯生 雙盼A、雙對稱丙氧化雙盼八物士雙盼A,雙對稱乙氧化 衍生物或雙酚F衍生物-更阿乙氧化或丙氧化雙酚Λ 基於醇之二/物,或此類化合物之混合物。 吞Κ畔之全部重量, 5 較佳為3至1〇個碳原 1。具有3至15個碳原子, 三經曱基丙烧或甘油日二醇可被有利使肖’例如’ 丙烯之反應產⑯,或此物與氧化乙烯及,或氧化 多兀醇可具有官能基,例如中性:口勿 基’如特別是第三胺基,或。:夕驗性 成酸性基之基,苴茲夕-^f基或其鹽,或容易地轉化 其具有此類之基:;m。可有利使用二醇成份, 基)胺曱基磷酸二乙 土 ―乙醇胺、n,n-雙(羥乙 丙酯,或二羧酸,复且此又(蛵乙基)-2-胺乙酸3-磺基 類,如5-磺基駄酸了八有此頌之基並可用於製備聚醚醇 酸性基特別為# ^ 容易發展成^之:;;硫酸、續酸、叛或銨基。 屬,如鐘、鈉或: 例為嶋鹽,較佳為驗金 4)上述聚g旨醇太& 2, 0 0 0, 0 0 0,較佳A ,八S慎獲得分子量為10, 0 0 0至 〇 聚胺 ιΛΑ0^1^,0 0 0。 IIb2者。 乳坑及聚膦哄,特別是述於以上聚合物 6)聚鱗醇,如述於 或述於聚脲烷。 返來5物IIbl,作為化合物(C), 當然,亦可使用μ 4 111 ρ|· ΙΤΛΙ / Ρ·%
用上述聚合物vm之混合物。根據本發明
第24頁 488108 五、發明說明(20) 所用之共聚物VI I I可視製備之方式包含單體之益招\ 可為嵌段共聚物。 …、規为佈或
聚合物V I I I係以熟悉此技藝者習知方式聚合,較彳土 A 離基聚合。聚合物¥1丨〖可以高分子量或寡聚ς 2二五, 混合使用。 ^ IF句具 旦聚合物VI I I於聚合粘合劑I丨對;[丨a之比例通常為〇至㈣ i % ’較佳為2 0至8 0重量%,更佳為4 0至7 〇重量%。 本發明較佳提供具有第一層之複合物,第一 ^ 組合物: 3有下面 上層如以,定義,其中聚合物νπι係選自乙烯氯、 :^亞乙烯氟之聚合物或共聚物;乙烯氣與亞乙嬌 氯、^烯氯與丙烯腈、亞乙烯氟與六氟丙烯,或亞乙 舁:亂丙烯之共聚物;亞乙烯氟與六氟丙烯以及 =氟=三氟乙稀所組成之群之一員的三 群,較佳為亞乙烯說與六氟兩烯之共聚物。 成之 根據本發明所用之組合物更 不需被使用。 …含塑化齊m。但塑化劑 ,化劑土之比例’若使,日寺’基於組合物,為〇. i至1〇〇 里。,較佳為〇. 5至50重量%,特別為i至2〇重量%。 塑化劑IX之例為述於DE-A 1 9 8 1 9 752者,較佳為碳酸 二曱酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸伸乙脂、丨,2—碳 酉文伸丙S旨、1,3-石炭酸伸丙S旨、有機填化合物,特別是構酸 酿及膦酸酷,紗,填酸三甲酷、填酸三乙醋、填酸三丙 酉曰、磷酸三丁酯、三個(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯、聚氧化伸烷
488108 五、發明說明(21) 醚及聚氧化伸烷酯,例如,二甘醇二甲醚化合物、 一^曱峻化a物及四甘醇四甲_化合物,聚合塑化劑 如熱塑性聚脲燒或聚酿胺以及其混合物。 么根據本發明所用之組合物可被分散或溶解於無機 機,較佳為有機液態稀釋劑中,其中根據本發明之 度為較佳為1〇〇至5 0,0 0 0 mPaS,然後以本 =主至基材,例如,噴塗、鑄製、浸潰、自轉 二以Γ w刷或平版印刷或絲網印刷 、商去 1如可猎除去稀釋劑及固化混合物而逸 k备有機稀釋劑為脂族鱗 烴類、特別是炉、、曰入你丄特別疋四虱呋喃及二 苯,脂族酿類Γ; ; ?乙::石油t酒精溶液,甲苯或 別是丙_、丁酮及产次乙§曰及乙酸丁酯,及酮 釋劑之組合。 衣己烷以及DMF與ΝΜΡ。亦可使用 所可能基材為通常用於電極, 貝。亦可使用暫時基材,如 為至屬如鋁或銅 對酞酸乙二酯薄膜。此類薄膜可亡特別是聚酯薄膜 製成之脫模層。 、、、"有利具有較佳由聚 區隔物亦可例如葬士 熱塑方式制忐 ^ 、、文谷鱗、壓缩、捏桎弋计 7八衣成,如有必要 &挪彳土標或擠 後續步驟壓延。 ^據本發明所用之組合 在薄膜自根據本發明所用 性成份如溶劑或塑化劑。、、且合物形成後,可除 才艮據本私日日& 一所用之組合物可用本身己知方式交聯 三甘醇 ,例 或有 混合物 身已知 塗佈、 〇 進一 行。 噚烷、 二曱 類,特 此類稀 之物 ,如聚 矽氧烷 製法以 物可在 去揮發
五、發明說明(22) 如,用離子或離子化照射,或較件 kV及照射劑量為5至5〇計以之電=用如速電壓為20至2 0 0 0 光照射,以一般方式有利地加 ^,或用紫外線或可見 或氧化1,3, 5-三曱基笨醯三笨膦,^丨如苄基二甲基縮酮 11 / 11 A特別不超過1重量%,及渴a '、星為基於聚合粘合劑 聯;經游離基聚合較佳在= f在0.5至15分鐘内交 引發劑,例如,偶氮雙異丁腈,^,交聯,可有利地加入 I I / 11 A通常不超過5重量% ^里為基於聚合粘合劑 引起之聚合,或藉離子聚合,:;· 05至1重量%;藉電化 合,其中可能觸媒主要為酸,“ A =化之陽離子聚 特別是ubf4或LlPF6。含链離子之仏為劍易士酸如bf3,或 利地留於固態電解質或區隔物内作觸二如[_^ 上述交聯作用較佳在惰性氣體2傳導鹽。 本發明押制,佶—入^祕&' 务生。照射時間可根據 以僅提供局部交聯作用。 〜生或僅短暫紫外線預照射 如開始所述,根據本發明模製 傳統區隔物。根據本發明,壬至少-個第二層包含 處。 仕17傳統區隔物皆可用於此 參 特別關於此點,說明如下: 如it,,;生的聚稀烴薄膜之區隔物,隨著市售,例 及 ΕΡ 及ΗΐΡ〇 一並述謂—八 0 718 901 ^ « 364 ,其全部内容均併入本案供參考;聚乙 物丙稀薄膜以及含有聚乙稀、聚丙稀與其他聚合 吻之h合物之溥膜同樣可使用;
第27頁 488108 五、發明說明(23) -微孔性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜,獲自(Goretex公司) 例如,述於EP-A 0 798 7 9 1,其亦併入本案供參考; - 織物、纖維及不織布,皆可使用纖維聚合物物質如聚 烯烴、聚醯胺或聚酯纖維製成; -商品名稱為Naf ion®之薄膜; -基於亞乙烯二氟及六氟丙烯之共聚物之薄膜,例如, 述於US 5 540 74 1 及US 5 478 6 68 ; -均聚物、嵌段聚合物及共聚物,其在各情況下含有填 料並可藉擠製獲得,由下列製備
(a) 烯烴烴類,如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、異丁烯、丙烯、 己烯或高級同系物、丁二烯、環戊烯、環己烯、原冰片烯 或乙烯環己烷; (b) 芳香族烴類,如苯乙烯及曱基苯乙烯; (c) 丙烯酸酯或曱基丙烯酸酯類,如曱基、乙基、丙 基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、已基、辛基、癸基、十二烷 基、2-乙基己基、環己基、苄基、三氟甲基、六氟丙基或 四氟丙基丙稀酸酯及甲基丙烯酸S旨;
(d) 丙稀臆、曱基丙稀臆、N-曱基各烧_、N_乙稀σ米 唑或乙酸乙烯酯; (e) 乙烯醚類,如曱基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、 異丁基、已基、辛基、癸基、十二烷基、2-乙基己基、環 己基、T基、三氣曱基、六氟丙基或四氣丙基乙稀_ ; (f) 含鹵之烯烴化合物,如乙烯氣、乙烯氟、亞乙烯 氟、亞乙稀氯、六氟丙烯、三氟丙稀、1,2 -二氣乙烯、1,
第28頁 488A08——- y Λ· 年丨〉月丨 > 日 修正最 々 ” 5 案號 89105824 五、發明說明C24) 2-二氟乙烯或四氟乙烯, 其中根據本發明之固體(I )在此等聚合物中用作填料; 此類擠製物薄膜之組合物及製造詳述於DE-A 19713072.0。
為了製造新穎複合物,至少一個第一層與至少一個第二 層一起,根據本發明,任何已知方法可用以使此類層一 起。例如,第一層可在大氣壓力下,例如,藉第一層原料 之鑄製或刮刀(doctoring)之方法,或在超大氣壓力下, 例如藉擠製、層合,特別是熱層合、壓延或壓縮之方法施 加至第二層。所得複合物可藉電化或熱照射固化或交聯。 此外,至少一個第一層之原料首先可被局部或完全熱固化 或交聯,然後,如上所述,在大氣壓力或超大氣壓力下與 根據本發明所用之第二層形成一起。若預製薄膜,即,至 少一個薄膜形式之第一層及薄膜形式之傳統區隔物形成一 起時,此較佳藉層合通常在約5 0至約1 6 0 °C,較佳為約7 0 至約1 2 0 °C下發生,其中在各情況下,所用精確溫度特別 視所用之各個傳統區隔物而定。例如,若使用聚丙烯薄膜 時,溫度會略高於使用聚乙烯薄膜時之溫度。若複合物由 層合製成時,第一層之組合物亦會呈局部或完全交聯形 式,而必要時,層合後所得之複合物會被再交聯或直接使 用不必後交聯。 若新穎複合物被用作電化電池中之區隔物時,複合物與 傳統陽極及陰極組合。另外,可加入含有鋰陽離子,已知 為傳導鹽與必要時其他添加劑特別如有機溶劑,有時稱為
488108 五、發明說明(25) 電解質之可以離解的化合物。在製造新穎複合物時或在其 已被衣成後‘入時’可換和一些或所有上述物質。 可用之傳導鹽為已知且例如述於EP-A 0 0 96 629中。根 據本發明使用之較佳傳導鹽為LiPF6、LiBF4。LiC104,
LiAsF6,LiCF3S03,LiC(CF3S02)3,LiN(CF3S02)2,
LiN(S02CnF2nm)2,LlC[(CnF2n+i)s〇2]3,Li(CnF2^^ 在各情況下為 2 至 20,LiN(S02F)2,LiAlCl4,LiSiF6,
LiSbF6 ’(RS02)nXLi(nX'〇Ms,2N,2P,3C,3Si ;R = CmF2m+1,其中 m = 0至◦烴類),亞胺鋰鹽、甲基化鋰鹽,或其二 種或以上之混合物,以使用L丨PFe作為傳導鹽特佳。 了用有機電解質溶劑為上述化合物標示為"塑化劑",較 仏使用者為傳統有機電解質,較佳為酯類,如碳酸乙稀 醋、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸二曱酯或磷酸二乙酯,或此類化合 物之混合物。 ' 新穎複合物之厚度有利為5至5 0 0 # m,較佳為1 〇至& 〇 〇 β111 ’更佳為10至200//m,特佳為15至100//m。 複合物可與陽極及陰極組合以得電化電池,其再成為固 悲複合物件。此複合物件有利地具有總厚度為3 〇至2 〇 〇 〇 "m ’特別是總厚度為5 0至1 0 0 〇 // m。 本發明亦提供一種製造此類複合物並包括下面步驟之方 法: (A) 製造上述定義之至少一個第一層; (B) 製造上述定義之至少一個第二層;及 (C) 藉傳統成層法組合至少一個第一層與至少一個第二
1«
II Μ m
第30頁 fl. 89105824 Qc年丨> 月丨>曰 修正离 (26) 至少一個第一層較佳在暫時基材上製成。根據本發明, 可使用傳統暫時基材,例如,由聚合物或由較佳為塗佈紙 製成之釋放薄膜,例如,石夕酮化聚酯薄膜。然而,此第一 層亦可在永遠基材上製成,例如,收集器電極,或甚至完 全不用基材。 上述定義之層之形成一起及製造係藉提供層或製造薄膜 之大氣壓力法,如鑄製或刮刀法,或藉超大氣壓力下之方 法,如擠製、層合,特別是熱層合、壓延或壓縮法進行。 所有複合物必要時可藉電化或熱照射而固化或交聯。 亦可使用上述方法以使新穎複合物與傳統電極形成一 起,以製備複合物件,其具有組件(釋放薄膜/區隔物/電 極)。 亦可藉複合物之雙側塗佈提供具有組件為陽極/區隔物 /陰極之複合物件。 因此,作為區隔物之複合物與陽極薄膜及/或陰極薄膜 可在>80 °C下層合一起。新穎複合物可容易被層合成傳統 陽極或陰極,可得複合物件-陽極/ -或陰極/ _區隔物-’ 然後其可再與傳統陰極或陽極組合以形成含有陰極-區隔 物-陽極之複合物。 上述陽極/區隔物/陰極之複合物件不用基材及收集器 電極亦可製成,因為上述含有至少一個第一層與至少一個 第二層之新穎複合物用於電化電池中本身即具有充分機械 安定性。
O:\63\63443.ptc 第31頁 五、發明說明(27) 電解質及傳 成一起後,必 導鹽可在層 要時,在與 &或複合物 電化電池内 %穎複合物 11欠以取代微 在〇至約1 ο 〇 池特別可被 池、靜電應 具有下列優 物與含有固 特殊機械安 後,甚 類複合 所測定 及傳導 而定, 新穎 電池、 新穎 之區隔 -傳 合物, 壓縮強 -新 造; 至複合 物件或 之層於 鹽被吸 負載可 電化電 機載電 複合物 物: 統區隔 其具有 度; 穎複合 破=成一起前或較佳為在層已形 ^田收集為電極,如金屬箔接觸 件已導入電池外殼後,可放入此 。特別藉上述定義之固體I存在 内之特定微孔性結構容許介電質 孔内之空氣。依靠所用之介電質 c下進行。 、 用作汽車電池、器具電池、平型 用之電池或電力牽引電池。 點超過迄今所提供用於電化電池 體I之組合物之組合提供一種複 定性’特別是優異形穩性及改良 物可毫無困難用於市售捲揚機上之電池製 -新穎複合物為具有關閉機構之區隔物。 若干實例現將用以說明本發明。 實例 製造例1 :區隔物薄膜之製造 75g用環氧矽烷疏水化並具有粒子大小為3 // m之矽灰石 (Tremin® 800 EST,Quarzwerke Frechen)使用高速攪掉 器分散於3 0 0g甲苯中。然後,12. 5g具有平均分子量為 1=2, 〇〇〇,〇〇〇 之聚氧化乙稀(Polyox®, Union Carbide)及
第32頁 48.8-10^ - 一~ - ! 90.12. 12;I 年 m :: 合索號89105824 年ί>月1>日 修正畜 ST、·發明說明·~Τ28) 12.5g氧化丙烯-氧化乙烯嵌段共聚物之二曱基丙烯酸酉旨 (Pluriol® PE 6000, BASF AG)與0.02g UV 光引發劑 (Lucirin® BDK ’BASF AG)加入混合物中,然後在6〇°c下 使用具有鑄製間隙為3 0 0以m之刮刀塗敷至矽酮化的聚對歌 酸乙二酯薄膜,及在5分鐘内除去甲苯,當剝除乾塗膜 時,可得3 0 // m厚之薄膜。 製造例2 : PE0連結層之製造 6 g具有平均分子量為Mw = 2,0 0 0 , 0 0 0之聚氧化乙烯 (Polyox®, Union Carbide)溶解於 300g 甲苯中。溶液在 °C下滲入矽酮化的聚對献酸乙二酯薄膜中,該方式可得厚 度為約3 # m之PE0連結層。 實例 為了製造複合物,二薄膜在80°C下使用Ibica型IL12HR 層合機互相緊密粘合。然後除去P E 0連結層之側上之矽酮 化的聚對耿酸乙二S旨薄膜。然後,市售C e 1 g a r d ® 2300型(Hoechst Celanese)之區隔物薄膜塗敷至PEO連結 層之側。然後二薄膜在8 0 °C下以層合機緊密粘合一起。冷 卻之後,第二矽酮化的聚對酞酸乙二酯薄膜可自區隔物之 複合薄膜除去。
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Claims (1)
- 488108--f % 1 .移-.i车 案號 89105824 Qc^ \y ^ i> a 修正j ,、申請 1 . 一種適合作為電化電池之區隔物之複合物,包含至少 一層5其含有一^组合物’包含 (a) 1至99重量%具有主要粒子大小為5 nm至100/zm之固 體(I )或由至少二個固體製成之混合物, (b ) 9 9至1重量%聚合粘合劑(I I ),可藉聚合下列獲得 b 1 ) 基於枯合劑(I I ),5至1 0 0重量%縮合產物I I I,由 以下製成 a ) 至少一個化合物I V,其可與羧酸或磺酸或衍生 物或與其中二個或以上之混合物反應,及 β ) 每莫耳化合物I V至少一莫耳羧酸或磺酸V,其具 有至少一個可游離基聚合之官能基,或其衍生物或其中 個或以上之混合物及 b2) 基於粘合劑(I I),0至95重量%另一具有平均分子 量(數目平均值)為至少5 0 0 0,在主或側鏈中具有聚醚部份 之化合物V I I, 其中至少一層塗佈至至少一含有至少一個傳統區隔物之 第二層。 2 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之複合物,其中至少一個第 一層包含一聚合粘合劑(II A ),可藉聚合下列獲得 b 1 ) 基於粘合劑(I I A ) 5至7 5重量%化合物V I ,其不同 於羧酸或磺酸V,且不同於其任何衍生物並可游離基聚 合,或其二種或以上之混合物 < 及 b 2 ) 基於粘合劑(I I A ) 2 5至9 5重量%另一化合物V I I ,O:\63\63443.ptc 第35頁 488108 案號 89105824 Λ_η 曰 修正 六、申請專利範圍 在其主或側 其中至少一 氟乙稀薄膜 其中固體I 其具有平均分子量(數目平均值)為至少5000, 鏈中具有聚醚部份。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第1或第2項之複合物, 個傳統區隔物係選自微孔性聚烯烴薄膜及聚四 所組成之群。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第1或第2項之複合物, 係選自無機固體所組成之群,無機固體選自氧化物、混合 氧化物、矽酸鹽、硫酸鹽、碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽、氮化物、醯 胺、亞胺、及週期表第一、第二、第三或第四主要族或第 四過渡族之元素之碳化物所組成之群;一聚合物,選自聚 乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯及聚亞乙烯氟;聚 醯胺及聚亞胺所組成之群;包含此類聚合物之固態分散 液,及其二種或以上之混合物。 5 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之複合物,其中至少一個第 一層包含至少一個其他聚合物VIII ’其係選自乙稀氯、丙 烯腈、亞乙稀氟之聚合物或共聚物;乙烯氯與亞乙烯氯、 乙烯氯與丙烯腈、亞乙烯氟與六氟丙烯,或亞乙烯氟與六 氟丙稀製成之共聚物;亞乙稀氟與六氟丙稀以及乙稀氟、 四氟乙稀及三氟乙烯所組成之群之一員的三聚物所組成之 群。 6 .根據申請專利範圍第5項之複合物,其中聚合物V I I I 為由亞乙稀氟與六氟丙稀製成之共聚物。 7 . —種區隔物,包含至少一個複合物,其包含至少一 層’其含有一組合物,包含O:\63\63443.ptc 第36頁 488108 案號 89105824 年 月 曰 修正 六、申請專利範圍 (a) 1至99重量%具有主要粒子大小為5 nm至100 //m之固 體(I )或由至少二個固體製成之混合物, (b ) 9 9至1重量%聚合粘合劑(I I ),可藉聚合下列獲得 b 1 ) 基於枯合劑(I I ),5至1 0 0重量%縮合產物I I I,由 以下製成 a ) 至少一個化合物I V,其可與羧酸或磺酸或衍生 物或與其中二個或以上之混合物反應,及 β ) 每莫耳化合物I V至少一莫耳羧酸或磺酸V,其具 有至少一個可游離基聚合之官能基,或其衍生物或其中二 個或以上之混合物及 b 2 ) 基於粘合劑(I I ),0至9 5重量%另一具有平均分子. 量(數目平均值)為至少5 0 0 0,在主或側鏈中具有聚醚部份 之化合物V I I, 其中至少一層塗佈至至少一含有至少一個傳統區隔物之 第二層。 … 8. —種電化電池,包含區隔物,其包含至少一個複合 物,其包含至少一層’其含有一組合物’包含 (a) 1至99重量%具有主要粒子大小為5 nm至100/zm之固 體(I )或由至少二個固體製成之混合物, (b ) 9 9至1重量%聚合粘合劑(I I ),可藉聚合下列獲得 bl ) 基於粘合劑(II),5至100重量%縮合產物III,由 以下製成 a ) 至少一個化合物I V,其可與羧酸或磺酸或衍生 物或與其中二個或以上之混合物反應,及O:\63\63443.ptc 第37頁 488108 案號 89105824 年月曰 修正 六、申請專利範圍 β ) 每莫耳化合物I V至少一莫耳羧酸或磺酸V,其具 有至少一個可游離基聚合之官能基,或其衍生物或其中二 個或以上之混合物及 b2) 基於粘合劑(I I),0至95重量%另一具有平均分子 量(數目平均值)為至少5 0 0 0,在主或側鏈中具有聚醚部份 之化合物V I I, 其中至少一層塗佈至至少一含有至少一個傳統區隔物之 第二層。 9 . 一種製造根據申請專利範圍第1項之複合物之方法, 其包括下列步驟: (A) 製造至少一個根據申請專利範圍第1項定義之第一 層; (B) 製造至少一個根據申請專利範圍第1項定義之第二 層;及 (C) 利用傳統成層過程將至少一個第一層與至少一個第 二層組合。 1 0 .根據申 '請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中,為了組合至 少一個第一層與含有至少一個區隔物之至少一個第二層, 至少一個第一層係藉刮刀施加至至少一傳統區隔物,或至 少一個第一層被層合,較佳為熱層合至至少一傳統區隔 物。m O:\63\63443.ptc 第38頁
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| CN106132519B (zh) | 2014-04-11 | 2020-05-15 | 3M创新有限公司 | 具有酸烧结的互连二氧化硅纳米粒子三维多孔网络的微孔制品及其制备方法 |
| WO2015195742A1 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-23 | Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc | Water loss reducing pasting mats for lead-acid batteries |
| JP6814045B2 (ja) | 2014-06-17 | 2021-01-13 | オーシーヴィー インテレクチュアル キャピタル リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 鉛蓄電池用の抗−サルフェーション性貼付マット |
| US10818900B2 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2020-10-27 | Miltec UV International, LLC | UV or EB cured polymer-bonded ceramic particle lithium secondary battery separators, method for the production thereof |
| CN105514329A (zh) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-04-20 | 中山国安火炬科技发展有限公司 | 一种锂电池用pet重离子微孔复合隔膜及其制备方法 |
| US10873106B2 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2020-12-22 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Composite solid electrolytes for lithium batteries |
| US10913809B2 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2021-02-09 | Cornell University | Cross-linked polymeric material |
| KR101975149B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-05-03 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 비수 전해액 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터 |
| CN111933864B (zh) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-12-20 | 聚电材料股份有限公司 | 能量储存装置 |
| CN110492043B (zh) * | 2019-09-09 | 2026-04-24 | 新乡市中科科技有限公司 | 一种含有机-无机涂层锂电池用隔膜及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU524460B2 (en) | 1978-08-11 | 1982-09-16 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Microporous film |
| US5332783A (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1994-07-26 | Shell Oil Company | Compatible blends of epoxy resins and epoxidized polydienes |
| US5565281A (en) | 1994-12-02 | 1996-10-15 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Shutdown, bilayer battery separator |
| TW297171B (zh) | 1994-12-20 | 1997-02-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corp | |
| DE19612769A1 (de) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-02 | Basf Ag | Als Trägermaterial für Festelektrolyten oder Separatoren für elektrochemische Zellen geeignete Gemische |
| WO1997044838A1 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-11-27 | Lithium Technology Corporation | Composite electrolytes for electrochemical devices |
| EP1023746A1 (de) * | 1997-10-02 | 2000-08-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Als festelektrolyt oder separator für elektrochemische zellen geeignete mischungen mit speziellen weichmachern |
| DE19850826A1 (de) | 1998-11-04 | 2000-05-11 | Basf Ag | Als Separatoren in elektrochemischen Zellen geeignete Verbundkörper |
-
1999
- 1999-04-09 DE DE19916109A patent/DE19916109A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-03-29 TW TW089105824A patent/TW488108B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-07 CN CN00808739A patent/CN1355940A/zh active Pending
- 2000-04-07 RU RU2001130341/09A patent/RU2001130341A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-07 EP EP00925182A patent/EP1183743A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-04-07 US US09/958,288 patent/US6746803B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-07 JP JP2000611325A patent/JP2002541644A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-04-07 CA CA002369483A patent/CA2369483A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-07 AU AU43989/00A patent/AU4398900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-07 WO PCT/EP2000/003134 patent/WO2000062355A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-07 KR KR1020017012830A patent/KR20010112412A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010112412A (ko) | 2001-12-20 |
| JP2002541644A (ja) | 2002-12-03 |
| EP1183743A1 (de) | 2002-03-06 |
| AU4398900A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
| RU2001130341A (ru) | 2003-07-20 |
| US6746803B1 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
| CA2369483A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
| CN1355940A (zh) | 2002-06-26 |
| DE19916109A1 (de) | 2000-10-12 |
| WO2000062355A1 (de) | 2000-10-19 |
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