TW409153B - Process of controlling grain growth in metal films - Google Patents
Process of controlling grain growth in metal films Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW409153B TW409153B TW088101979A TW88101979A TW409153B TW 409153 B TW409153 B TW 409153B TW 088101979 A TW088101979 A TW 088101979A TW 88101979 A TW88101979 A TW 88101979A TW 409153 B TW409153 B TW 409153B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- microstructure
- metal film
- substrate
- film
- patent application
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 45
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012520 frozen sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000002991 Ring chromosome 4 syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 bulk copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001483 high-temperature X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0703—Plating
- H05K2203/0723—Electroplating, e.g. finish plating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/11—Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
- H05K2203/1105—Heating or thermal processing not related to soldering, firing, curing or laminating, e.g. for shaping the substrate or during finish plating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12882—Cu-base component alternative to Ag-, Au-, or Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
Description
___40915ο五、發明説明(1 ) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 技術領域 概略而&本發明係關於一種於基材上製作薄膜沈積之方 法特別係關於金屬薄膜沈積於基材後控制薄膜之晶粒結 構生長之方法。 發明背景 廣疋多種薄膜用於製造極大型積體電路器件。此等薄膜 可以熱方式生長或沈積於基材上。薄膜可爲金屬,半導體 或絕緣體。 有數種技術可用於沈積薄膜於基材上β其中一種技術係 於眞空腔室進行,且稱作物理蒸氣沈積或濺散。另一種技 術係於浴中進行且稱作電鍍。 已知濺散沈積之銅膜具有特徵性如所沈積之顯微結構, 該顯微結構於室溫隨著時間改變。此種現象已經報告於j. W. Patten等之參考文獻"於厚偏壓滅散銅沈積物之室溫再 結晶,1應用物理期刊第42卷第11期4371_77頁(1971年1〇月)° 研究工作顯示爲了電鍍銅,如所電鍍之銅具有細小晶粒 顯微結構,平均細晶體大小小於1〇〇毫微米。此種顯微結 構於電鍍膜之證實可利用反向散射Kikuchi繞射(BKD)。儲 存於室溫下,晶粒8-10小時時間細小晶粒顯微結構未見任 何變化;此時間稱作潛伏期β於潛伏期之後,隨後1〇·2〇 小時觀察到晶粒生長,然後顯微結構達到具有平衡結構的 名目穩態。 爲了利用銅之細小晶粒顯微結構,於電鍍銅後之2 〇小時 内必需進行某些關鍵性製程步驟。此種要求難以於製造環 -4 - 本紙‘又度適用中國國家標準(CNS )八4現格(21〇χ297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項「;寫本頁) 裝· ,1Τ 線 409153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 =,例如於製造環境中沈積之基材可能於貨架上放置 過週末。 鋼顯微結構之日日日粒生長可藉*於高溫加熱銅而於 數^鐘日!間内完成。加熱金屬改變其顯微結構乃已經確立 的冶金貫務。但—般認爲用於金屬如本體銅,需要至少 之相對向ΛΧ來獲知其顯微結構之任何可察覺的改 ,。此點記載於,金屬手册"第.川以頁(第這美國金 屬學會俄亥俄州金屬公園市,^“年)。 若干半導體製造商以銅布線替代目前之鋁互連體金屬 化,原因爲銅可提供優異之導電性及電遷移性能。若干沈 積技術皆屬可能,纟中―種技術爲電鍍。電鍍之優點爲: 電鍍具有絕佳料填補性質,且可生產具有接近零殘餘應 力之鋼薄膜。 電鍍銅互連體用於多晶片模組中達成功率分散及信號傳 輸。較爲複雜結構中可能需要多階布線。此等布線間之製 造爲業界眾所周知。電鍍鋼之晶粒結構具有關鍵重要性。 若鍍銅具有細小晶粒顯微結構,則蝕刻可獲得光滑面。但 若鍍鋼具有粗大晶粒顯微結構’則蝕刻導致粗糙面。粗糙 面有其缺點,此種表面無法準確測量沈積於布線上方之聚 醯亞胺層厚度。 習知沈積金屬薄膜於基材之方法之缺點顯示仍然需要有 一種方法,其可於薄膜已經沈積於基材後控制薄金屬膜之 晶粒結構生長β 發明概诚 爲了滿足此項及其他需求以及鑑於本發明之目的.,本發 請 先 閲 η 背 之 注 意 t 裝 訂 線 5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4祝格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央榡準局貝工消費合作社印製 409153 a7 -- --B7_;_ 五、發明説明(3 ) 明提供一種沈積具有不同顯微結構之薄金屬膜於基材之方 法。該方法控制顯微結構之晶粒生長,一具體例中包括下 列步驟: (a) —金屬膜沈積於基材上而形成具有細小晶粒顯微結構 之薄膜,及 (b) —金屬膜於70-100eC之溫度範圍至少.加熱5分鐘而將 細小晶粒顯微結構轉成穩定的粗大晶粒顯微結構。 另一具體例中,於步驟(a)之沈積步驟後,金屬膜於不大 於-20°C之溫度冷凍,其中細小晶粒顯微結構被穩定化而整 個冷凍期皆未見晶粒生長。 需瞭解前文概略説明及後文之細節説明僅供舉例説明之 用而絕非囿限本發明。 圖式之簡單説明 經由研讀後文細節説明連同附圖將最佳瞭解本發明。附 圖包含下列各圖: 圖1爲具有細小晶粒顯微結構之電鍍鋼膜之X光繞射掃描 圖; 圖2爲具有粗大晶粒顯微結構之電鍍銅膜之X光繞射掃描 圖;及 圖3爲由鍍浴中移出之電鍍銅膜之片電阻相對於時間之 示意圖。 發明之詳細説明 電鍍銅膜恰由鍍浴中移出時具有特徵性顯微結構β此種 顯微結構於後文稱作"Α型顯微結構"。Α型顯微結構爲細 小晶粒,具有平均細晶體大小小於1〇〇毫微米。如此鍍敷 -6- 本纸張从適用中關家標準(CNS ) A4祝格(210X29?公釐) ------ (請先閲讀背面之注項「.ί寫本X) IL -裝· 訂 409153 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7_ 五、發明説明(4 ) 膜之細小晶粒結構可使用反向散射Kikuchi繞射(BKD)確 證。 結構於8-10小時時間未見任何變化;此期間稱作潛伏 期。於潛伏期後,其次的1〇_2〇小時觀察到晶粒生長,然 後顯微結構到達名目平衡結構或稱穩態。此種新的顯微結 構於後文稱作B型顯微結構^ b型顯微結構具有大晶粒, 平均細晶體大小係大於1 〇〇〇毫微米。 若允許A型銅於室溫(約25°C)至少停留24小時時間,則 A型銅將轉成B型鈉。b型銅可於室溫維持長時間(超過 天)而顯微結構並無變化。 A型及B型顯微結構之電鍍銅膜之X光繞射掃描圖分別顯 示於圖1及圖2。圖1之掃插圖係於由鍍浴中移開鋼膜後3〇 分鐘拍攝。圖2之掃描圖係於由鍍浴中移開後約4 5小時拍 攝。鋼膜於整個實驗期間皆維持於室溫。 如附圖所示,A型顯微結構之特徵爲大型附聚繞射領 域,其於X光繞射圖中產生極寬峰。B型顯微結構相對於 A型顯微結構’於X光繞射圖中產生窄峰。用於特徵化多 晶材料如銅之X光繞射技術可參考B. D CulHty ”X光繞射 元體 281-323頁(第二;ί反’ Addison-Wesley,Reading麻省, 1978年)。 藉由將鋼置於-20°C或以下溫度之控溫環境下,可將A型 鋼開始轉變成B型銅延遲一段長時間(至少9 2小時)。此 外,由A型鋼轉變成B型銅藉由於低溫(大於6 〇 °C但小於 100°C)加熱銅可於數分鐘内完成。 電鍍銅膜由A型迅速轉變成B型爲出乎意外者。如前 (請先閲讀背面之注意事寫本頁) 裝. ί訂 線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4現格(210X297公费) 409153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5 ) 述’一般認爲金屬如本體銅需加熱至至少35(^c才能獲得 顯微結構之任何可察覺的改變。 發明人使用原位高溫X光繞射技術測量A型銅轉成B型銅 工速率。下表列舉對已經事先於25。(:至6〇1之不等溫度加 表1 銅由A型棘轡忐R«1 儲存溫.度,ec 完成轉變之時間,小時 25 30 40 3.5 50 1.2 60 0.19 (請先聞讀背面之注意事Λ' 寫本頁) -裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 J. W. Patten等敎示當鋼維持於室蕰時濺散之電阻隨時間 而改變。如此電阻可作爲監控銅轉變之X光繞射的替代之 道。圖3爲全面性鋼膜之片電阻變化之示意圖。該圖包含 最初高電阻狀態,其係對應於A型顯微結構。經一段時間 後’電阻下降至達到最終穩態,穩態對應於B型顯微結 構。達到最終穩態所需時間及開始出現轉變前經歷時間 (稱作"潛伏期")取決於若干因素,例如沉積技術,銅膜厚 度,及沉積後銅膜維持溫度。 當然由於電阻對銅線之性能具有關鍵重要性,故製造導 線時需於晶片或晶片載架使用具有低電阻之鍍敷鋼。也希 望以固定片電阻鍍敷銅俾便獲得鍍敷銅膜之特定電阻。 需瞭解沉積鋼膜由A型完全轉成B型所需時間可'大爲縮 8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS > A4祝格(2丨0X297公釐) •線· 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消費合作杜印製 409153 at B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 短(如表1所示),結果可縮短降低鍍敷鋼膜之片電阻所需 時間。 如此發現一種生產具有穩定且安定之粗大晶粒顯微結構 (B型)之銅膜之方法,該銅膜具有比原先沉積銅膜更低的 片電阻。較佳方法包括於鍍銅後即刻清洗基材。清洗步驟 係使用溫度至少70°C但不超過i〇〇°c之熱去離子水清洗不少 於5分鐘時間。較佳方法依據發明人顯示晶粒生長需爲純 動力學過程。 此種方法於實驗中證貫結果良好。直徑100毫米且具有5 微米電鍍銅膜之晶圓使用7 0 ec去離子水清洗處理,顯示可 達到粗大晶粒平衡狀態(B型)。 也曾經採行多種其他辦法,例如(1)鍍敷後爐退火及(2) 鍍敷其他添加劑至基材内部。鍍敷後爐退火已經獲得成 功。但較佳方法比爐退火更優異,原因在於其方便整合入 鍍敷裝配線上》 如此較佳方法提供一種辦法,藉此辨法可加速A型顯微 結構轉變成B型顯微結構。此種加速可藉由於低於之 溫度加熱鍍敷基材達成》加速程度隨選用溫度決定。例如 電艘銅膜置於維持於7 0 C之去離子水槽内至少經歷5分鐘 將由A型顯微結構轉成B型顯微結構。 需瞭解爐退火也可爲A型顯微結構轉成b型顯微結構之 加速方法。再度此種加速可藉由於爐内於低於1〇〇1溫度 加熱爐所鍍敷之基材達成。加速程度隨選用之溫度決定。 例如電鍍銅膜置於維持於7(TC之烘箱内至少5分鐘將由a型 顯微結構轉成B型顯微結構。 -9 - 本紙張尺度適用中固國家標準(CNS ) A4祝^ ( 210X297公釐) <請先閱讀背面之注意事項Γ' 寫本莧) -裝. J» 訂 409153 Α7 Β7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(7 ) 此外,因鍍敷金屬之晶粒生長顯然係藉動力學驅動,故 發現一種可減慢或防止晶粒生長之方法。換言之,發現一 種可減慢或防止A型鐘敷膜之轉變起始之方法。此種方法 可藉將如所沉積之金屬膜維持於低於室溫之溫度達成。延 遲程度取決於選用之溫度。例如銅金屬維持於-2CTC將延遲 轉變開始達至少3 0日時間。 發現前述方法可用於製造電鍍銅互連體或導線於基材之 方法。如前述,鍍敷鋼之晶粒結構對蚀刻過程具有關鍵重 要性。若鍍敷銅具有細小晶粒顯微結構,則蚀刻可獲得光 滑表面。若鍍敷鋼具有粗大晶粒顯微結構,則蝕刻導致粗 糙面。粗糙面有其缺點。 發明人發現鋼之粗化歸咎於室溫晶粒生長。晶粒生長可 能導致銅+粗大晶粒帶有不同晶相學平面定向於表面。此等 平面於蝕刻過程中以不同速率蝕刻·,結果導致粗糙銅β粗 糙銅形成蝕刻凹坑。蝕刻凹坑造成随後金屬層非期望之金 屬交界面凹凸部。蝕刻凹坑進一步容易捕捉製程廢料及碎 屑,因而也污染金屬至通孔交界面。此種交界面於熱處理 週期後可能電開路,結果導致產率低及.場内可靠性問題。 觀察到若蚀刻係恰於鍍敷後進行,所得銅可具有光滑表 面紋路。此種表面允許準確測量聚醯亞胺上覆層厚度,且 將形成良好之冶金接線至連結通孔。但由製造觀點看來無 法即刻進行蚀刻。延遲2 4小時爲絕對最少時間,而延遲 72小時(渡週末)可能爲歷行製造條件所需》 因此爲了獲得均勻性質與表現,希望於隨後製程步戰之 前穩定化銅顯微結構。達成此種效果之方法係於鐘.敷後即 (請先閲讀背面之注^^>項( 冩本頁) :r·.裝- -訂. Γ 線. -10- 409153 A7 B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 刻冷凍基材至製造線準備蝕刻種晶層爲止。 進行下述實驗。厚5微米鋼膜使用基材鍍銅工具鍍敷於 100毫米矽晶圓上。晶圓於鍍敷後分成四份,其中—份用 作對照及維持於室溫歷2 4小時,另外三份置於商業冷凍器 内維持於-2〇°c »置於冷凍器之三個樣本以2 4小時間隔由 冷凍器取出。X光繞射掃描顯示對照樣本具有B型顯微結 構,而三個冷凍樣本具有A型顯微結構。冷凍樣本未見晶 粒生長〇如此發現於蝕刻前藉由將如所沉積金屬膜置於低 於-20 C t溫度至製造線或裝配線準備執行蝕刻製程,—種 防止引發A型顯微結構轉成之方法。 本發明又提供另一種方法,其中可獲得中間顯微結構, 後文稱作C型顯微結構。需瞭解c型顯微結構具有晶粒大 小大於A型顯微結構,但小於B型顯微結構。 C型顯微結構可以二步驟式方法獲得。方法之步骤〗包含 於低於100°C溫度加熱如所沉積金屬膜,同時藉與溫度無 關之技術監控其顯微結構變化,例如χ光繞射或片電阻測 量。一旦達到預定顯微結構,則可執行步驟2。步驟2包含 即刻降低部分轉形金屬膜溫度至不大於_2〇。(:値。膜維持於 冷凍姦至其準備用於裝配線之次一步骤爲止,例如用於蝕 刻0 雖然此處係參照某些特定具體例舉例説明與敘述,但雖 言^此本發明絕非意圖囿限於所示細節。反而可於隨附之 申明專利範ϋ之相當範圍内未蜂離本發明之精髓對其細節 做出夕種改。例如需瞭解本發明非僅限於銅膜。反而本 發明可延伸至超出銅以外的其他金屬。室溫晶粒生長曾經 '11 - 本紙張尺度賴悄® A7 409153 B7 五、發明説明(9 ) 於金膜報告。報告提示可將本發明延伸至金膜,可能可延 伸至全部IB族金屬。 進一步需暸解本發明可擴展至任何金屬膜沉積方法。如 此沉積可利用電鍍於浴中進行或藉眞空濺散進行。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項ί' 寫本頁) 、1Τ 線_ 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -12 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 861〇t97J 40 六、申請專利範圍 ^-ΓΪ-經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印装 1. 一種控制沉積於基材上之簿夺龎 存金屬膜顯微結構内晶粒生長 之方法’該方法包含下列步驟: (a) 沉積一金屬膜於基材上,而犯士、w 而形成具有細小晶粒顯微 結構之膜,及 (b) 於70-100。(:之溫度範園加熱該金屬膜至少歷5分 鐘,其中細小晶粒顯微結構被轉變成穩定的粗大晶粒顯 微結構。 2. 如申請專利範圍第I項之方法,其中步驟包括浸沒金 屬膜於溫度為70-100°C範圍之去離子水溶液中。 3. 如申請專利範園第2項之方法,其中該金屬膜為銅與金 之一。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該沉積步騾包括電 鍍金屬膜於基材上。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步騾(b)包括將金屬 膜置於溫度為70_100°C範園之烘箱内。 6·如申請專利範園第5項之方法,其中該金屬膜為铜與金 7. 如申請專利範園第6項之方法,其中該沉積步騾包括電 鍍金屬膜於基材上。 8. —種控制沉積於基材上乏薄金屬膜顯微結構内晶粒生長 之方法,該方法包含下列步驟: (a) 沉積一金屬膜於基材上,而形成具有細小晶粒顯微 結構之膜,及 (b) 於不大於-2(TC溫度儲存金屬膜,其中於整個儲存期 13- 本紙張尺度逋用中國鬮家榇準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公着) 閲 之 注 意 項 I裝 1 ABCD 409153 〜、申請專利範圍 間可穩定化細小晶粒顯微結構而未出現晶粒生長。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該金屬膜爲銅與金 —— 〇 10. 如申請專利範園第9項之方法,其中該沉積步骤包括電 鍍金屬膜於基材上。 11_ 一種於布線控制晶粒生長之方法,該方法可用於基材上 形成多層布線,該方法包含下列步驟: (a) 沉積一層晶種層於基材上, (b) 沉積一張金屬膜於晶種層上而形成具有細小晶粒顯 微結構之膜, (c) 儲存金屬膜於不大於-20°C之溫度,及 (d) 恰於儲存步驟之後即刻蝕刻金屬膜,其中該細小晶 粒顯微結構可被穩定化而無任何晶粒生長。 12·如申請專利範圍第1 1項之方法,其中該鍍敷膜爲銅或金 之一〇 13.如申請專利範圍第1 2項之方法,其中該種晶層爲厚度小 於200毫微米之銅層。 14_ 一種控制沉積於基材上之薄金屬膜顯微結構内之晶粒生 長之方法,該方法包含下列步驟: (a) 沉積一金屬膜於基材上,而形成具有細小晶粒顯微 結構之膜, (b) 加熱金屬膜同時監控細小晶粒顯微結構, (c) 當細小晶粒顯微結構改變成具有第二型晶粒之第二 顯微結構時停止加熱步驟,及 -14- 本紙張逋用十國國家標準(CNS )八規^ ( 210x297公楚) ^ ---1--r---^_裝--ί (請先聞讀背面之注拳r寫本頁) .1 -訂i· 經濟部中央標準局男工消費合作社印裝 ABCD 經濟部中央標準局另工消費合作社印製 409153 六、申請專利範圍 (d)於不高於-20°C之溫度冷凍第二顯微結構,其中該第 二顯微結構可穩定化晶粒整個冷;東期。 -15- (請先閲讀背面之注意事Γ-Κ填寫本頁) •裝‘ .訂 -線 V 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/095,253 US6126761A (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1998-06-10 | Process of controlling grain growth in metal films |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW409153B true TW409153B (en) | 2000-10-21 |
Family
ID=22250957
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW088101979A TW409153B (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-02-09 | Process of controlling grain growth in metal films |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6126761A (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3224793B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100335303B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1156613C (zh) |
SG (2) | SG102610A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW409153B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7244677B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2007-07-17 | Semitool. Inc. | Method for filling recessed micro-structures with metallization in the production of a microelectronic device |
WO1999040615A1 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-08-12 | Semitool, Inc. | Method and apparatus for low-temperature annealing of metallization micro-structures in the production of a microelectronic device |
US6297154B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2001-10-02 | Agere System Guardian Corp. | Process for semiconductor device fabrication having copper interconnects |
US6380083B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2002-04-30 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Process for semiconductor device fabrication having copper interconnects |
US6611367B1 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2003-08-26 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Surface plasmon optical modulator element |
EP1035428A3 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2005-07-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Optical logic device and optical memory device |
US6558518B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-05-06 | Ebara Corporation | Method and apparatus for plating substrate and plating facility |
EP1091354A3 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2005-05-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Information-recording medium and method for producing the same |
US7335426B2 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2008-02-26 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | High strength vacuum deposited nitinol alloy films and method of making same |
US6379383B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2002-04-30 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Endoluminal device exhibiting improved endothelialization and method of manufacture thereof |
JP2001176137A (ja) | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 記録媒体の製造方法 |
JP2002059652A (ja) | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-26 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光情報記録媒体 |
JP4111666B2 (ja) | 2000-09-21 | 2008-07-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光情報記録媒体の製造方法 |
AU2002233936A1 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2002-05-21 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Endoluminal stent, self-fupporting endoluminal graft and methods of making same |
US7109111B2 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2006-09-19 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method of annealing metal layers |
CA2499961C (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2014-12-30 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | High strength vacuum deposited nitinol alloy films, medical thin film graft materials and method of making same |
US20060237320A1 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-10-26 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. | Method for forming a metal layer in multiple steps |
JP4367457B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-06 | 2009-11-18 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | 銀膜、銀膜の製造方法、led実装用基板、及びled実装用基板の製造方法 |
US8168532B2 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2012-05-01 | Fujitsu Limited | Method of manufacturing a multilayer interconnection structure in a semiconductor device |
US9378760B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2016-06-28 | Seagate Technology Llc | Data reader with tuned microstructure |
CN106935806B (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2019-10-29 | 天津大学 | 柔性锌空电池的锌阳极材料的制备方法及锌空电池的制备 |
WO2020006761A1 (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | 力汉科技有限公司 | 电解液、使用该电解液以电沉积制备单晶铜的方法以及电沉积设备 |
US10801100B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2020-10-13 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Multimodal microstructure material and methods of forming same |
CN113363152A (zh) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-07 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | 半导体结构及其制作方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3092967A (en) | 1961-09-15 | 1963-06-11 | James N Preston | Super-charged fire jet torque and propulsion reaction engine |
US3185600A (en) * | 1963-06-13 | 1965-05-25 | Grumman Aircraft Engineering C | Cryogenic quenching method |
US4083220A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1978-04-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Sub-zero temperature plastic working process for metal |
SU921124A1 (ru) * | 1979-06-19 | 1982-04-15 | Институт Физико-Химических Основ Переработки Минерального Сырья Со Ан Ссср | Способ металлизации отверстий печатных плат |
US4908242A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1990-03-13 | Kollmorgen Corporation | Method of consistently producing a copper deposit on a substrate by electroless deposition which deposit is essentially free of fissures |
JP2811004B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-23 | 1998-10-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 金属薄膜成長方法および装置 |
SU1650763A1 (ru) * | 1989-05-23 | 1991-05-23 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт метизной промышленности | Способ изготовлени бортовой латунированной проволоки |
JP2839579B2 (ja) * | 1989-10-02 | 1998-12-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
US5092967A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1992-03-03 | Romar Technologies Incorporated | Process for forming printed circuits |
US5361968A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-11-08 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing metallic press die |
JP3155920B2 (ja) * | 1996-01-16 | 2001-04-16 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | プリント配線板用電解銅箔及びその製造方法 |
US5972192A (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-10-26 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Pulse electroplating copper or copper alloys |
US6117784A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-09-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process for integrated circuit wiring |
US6297154B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2001-10-02 | Agere System Guardian Corp. | Process for semiconductor device fabrication having copper interconnects |
-
1998
- 1998-06-10 US US09/095,253 patent/US6126761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-02-09 TW TW088101979A patent/TW409153B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-14 SG SG200100203A patent/SG102610A1/en unknown
- 1999-05-14 KR KR1019990017297A patent/KR100335303B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-14 SG SG1999002432A patent/SG76616A1/en unknown
- 1999-05-27 JP JP14860499A patent/JP3224793B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-09 CN CNB991071921A patent/CN1156613C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-09 CN CNB2003101235608A patent/CN1274011C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-11 US US09/569,483 patent/US6361627B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-16 US US10/050,285 patent/US6638374B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1516243A (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
US6638374B2 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
US6126761A (en) | 2000-10-03 |
US20020129879A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
JP3224793B2 (ja) | 2001-11-05 |
US6361627B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
KR20000005656A (ko) | 2000-01-25 |
KR100335303B1 (ko) | 2002-05-03 |
CN1238394A (zh) | 1999-12-15 |
SG102610A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 |
SG76616A1 (en) | 2000-11-21 |
JP2000091271A (ja) | 2000-03-31 |
CN1156613C (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
CN1274011C (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TW409153B (en) | Process of controlling grain growth in metal films | |
Tóth-Kádár et al. | Microstructure and electrical transport properties of pulse-plated nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposits | |
US7235483B2 (en) | Method of electroless deposition of thin metal and dielectric films with temperature controlled stages of film growth | |
CN110724981B (zh) | 一种全纳米孪晶组织结构的铜薄膜材料的制备方法 | |
JP2006043878A (ja) | 金属間材料からなるバネ構造及びバネ構造の製造方法 | |
CN108611603B (zh) | 一种金属多层膜的制备方法 | |
Chang et al. | Integrated electrochemical deposition of copper metallization for ultralarge-scale integrated circuits | |
Marro et al. | The influence of pulse plating frequency and duty cycle on the microstructure and stress state of electroplated copper films | |
US6821324B2 (en) | Cobalt tungsten phosphorus electroless deposition process and materials | |
CN113718206B (zh) | 一种具有三明治结构的TaTiN多层薄膜的制备方法以及薄膜 | |
Chen et al. | Effect of plating parameters on the intrinsic stress in electroless nickel plating | |
CN106282915B (zh) | 一种AlN薄膜的制备方法 | |
Faith | Hillock‐free integrated‐circuit metallizations by Al/Al‐O layering | |
Su et al. | Kinetic analysis of spontaneous whisker growth on pre-treated surfaces with weak oxide | |
Li et al. | Electroless deposition of nickel on the surface of silicon carbide/aluminum composites in alkaline bath | |
US4494136A (en) | Semiconductor device having an amorphous metal layer contact | |
Chou et al. | Amorphous Ni–Mo–P diffusion barrier deposited by non-isothermal deposition | |
Manimaran et al. | Structural influence of copper substrate on magnetic properties of electrodeposited CoPtP films for MEMS applications | |
Cheng et al. | Controllable large scaled nanotwin formation in Cu film at lower temperatures | |
Oubaki et al. | High-energy sputtering for the deposition of a conductive and adherent single molybdenum layer for solar cell applications | |
Zhan et al. | Thickness dependence of internal stress in electrodeposited nano-twinned copper | |
CN117089814A (zh) | 一种增强TaN薄膜界面结合力的新技术 | |
Rehrig et al. | Stress determination in pulse electroplated gold deposits | |
CN115961252A (zh) | 一种耐腐蚀非晶合金多层薄膜及其制备方法 | |
Apblett et al. | Effect of hydrogen on thin Cu/Ti and Cu films |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
GD4A | Issue of patent certificate for granted invention patent | ||
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |