TW302293B - - Google Patents
Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW302293B TW302293B TW083108596A TW83108596A TW302293B TW 302293 B TW302293 B TW 302293B TW 083108596 A TW083108596 A TW 083108596A TW 83108596 A TW83108596 A TW 83108596A TW 302293 B TW302293 B TW 302293B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- fuel
- diesel
- water
- urea
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
- F02M25/0224—Water treatment or cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/505—Mixing fuel and water or other fluids to obtain liquid fuel emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1216—Inorganic compounds metal compounds, e.g. hydrides, carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1266—Inorganic compounds nitrogen containing compounds, (e.g. NH3)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2227—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond urea; derivatives thereof; urethane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2381—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyamides; polyamide-esters; polyurethane, polyureas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
302293 A7 B7 經濟部中央橾率局貝工消費合作社印«. 五、發明説明(1 ) 持術镅域 本發明係有翮一種可用於減少柴油機中氧化氮(Ν Ο X,其 中X為整数,通常為1或2)釋出之方法,而>乂前所未見之 有效率、經濟且安全之方式達到氧化氮之減少。 使用柴油燃燒之卡車,巴士,客運交通工具,機關車, 非道路交通工具等(與汽油驅動之交通工具相反者)之一 明顯缺點為其在燃燒時之相當高之火焰溫度,可高至 2200 T或更高*在此種情況下,引擎中傾向於生成熱NOx *此溫度如此高因而形成游離基之氧及氮,並化學性地结 合成氧化氮。事實上,ΝΟχ亦可能因燃料中氮化物種之氧 化作用而形成。 氧化氮包括呈煙霧之主要刺激物且相信可構成對流層之 臭氧,其已知對健康構成威脅。此外,氧化氮在陽光及烴 存在下之一系列反應•可經歷光化學之煙霧形成,再者, 其亦會構成酸雨並相信對大氣層有不利之溫熱作用,其通 常表示為”溫室效應"。 先前提出之減少柴油機中HOx釋出之方法包含使用觸媒 轉換器,引擎計時轉換器,廢氣再循環,及”乾淨”燃料 如甲醇及天然氣之燃燒。不幸地*前三種由於需要對現有 之引擎加K改型因而難Μ腌行◊此外,其會引起未燃燒之 烴增加且顆粒會釋至大氣中。雖然使用乾淨燃料沒有此缺 點,但主要需改變交通工具之燃料糸统,及用以製造,分 佈及貯存此種燃料之主要下部姐織亦需改變。 因而,需要一種可達成明顥減少自柴油機中釋出之 -4 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼(CMS ) A4规格(2丨0X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本页) r-f I裝·
.IT 經濟部中央標準局工消費合作社印装 A 7 B7 五、發明説明(2 ) ,而本質上不裔對引擎改型亦不會增加其他污染物釋出之 方法及組合物。所選用之方法及姐合物需可設定於商業水 平而無明顯的下部姐缄改變。 背#抟術 長久Μ來已體認需改良交通工具中引擎之燃燒效率,例 如Lyons及McKone於U.S.專利第2086775號及U.S.專利 2151432號中揭示一種改良内燃櫬燃燒效蓬、之方法,其係 於燃料中添加"相當少量之催化性有櫬金羼化合物。因而 Lyons及McKone之專利僅指出用於内燃機且未解決自柴油 櫬中釋出N 0 x之問題。
Bowers及Sprague於國際公報第W0 86/03482號及 U · S .專利第4892562號中敘述之催化技術之唯一申讅案中 *教示製備含有每百萬0.01至1.0份(ppm)之燃料可溶之 拍該金屬化合物之柴油燃料。Bowers與、Sprague之結果由 Kelso, Epperly及Hort在自動車引擎協會(SAE)論及第 901,492, 1990年8月發表之”鉑燃料添加劑對柴油機之釋 出物及效率之影堪”中加以證實。雖然使用鉑族金靨添加 劑為有效,但氧化氮之進一步滅少相信仍有可能。 再者,於 M u r p h y,Η ί 1 1 e n b r a n d,T r a y s e r 及 W a s s e r 之 SAE論文第810112, 1991之”柴油顆粒控制-有接及催化 氧化反應之評估”中報導於柴油燃料中添加催化劑金饜可 改良柴油阱之運作。所揭示之催化劑為鉑化合物•為..金_有 氯者,其已知會降低催化劑之效果。此外,使用金靨添加 -5 - 本紙浪尺度逍用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) --_--------裝----;---:訂-----線 一 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 302293 經濟部中央搮準局負工消费合作杜印装 A7 B7五、發明説明(3 ) 劑(其可包含铜,鍊,鈷及特別是锁)使柴油阱之再生則 討論於MUeller, Wiedemann, Preuss及 Schadlich 之”W 添加劑支撐之再生反應之柴油頼粒過濾系统” ΑΤΖ Automobiltechnische Zeitschift 91 (1989)中。 其他研究者已考慮使用油包水乳液以改良柴油機中之燃 燒效率。例如DenHerder於U.S.專利第4696638號中討論 此棰乳液且指出由其所得之正效果包含”·濟潔劑消耗"· 雖然Denherder之揭示歸因於含有達約40%水之乳液•但 D e n h e r d e「主要係指出圼具有直徑約1至約1 0微米之滴液 吠之具有僅達約10X水之乳液。 再者· Wasser 及 Parry 於 1987年 3月在 Hew Orleans, L A 之 E P R I / E P A J o i n t S y m ρ o s ί u m ο n S t a t ί ο n a「y N 0 x Control之”柴油機控制:選擇性催化堪原及甲酵釋 出物"中報導為有效釋出控制量之達805K之堪原,可 使用水及油乳液於柴油機中達成,其發現至少60%水於油 中之乳液對達成此棰遢原為必要者。不幸地,此種高水比 例會引起一氧化碳及未然燒烴增量釋出。此外,此種高水 含量亦會引起乳液安定性之問題並產生腐蝕及貯存體憒關 係。 近來,Dainoff及Sprague於1991年4月25日申請之美國 專利申請案第07 /69 1 556號檷題為”減少渦輪之氧化氮釋 出並改良燃燒效率之方法”中發現含有達約50%水之燃料 油包水之乳液可用Μ減少自燃燒渦輪中釋出之氧化氮及顆 粒’但未提出此種轧液於交通工具柴油機中之有用性。 (請先閩讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ---."1装· 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Μ規格(210χ297公釐) 第83108596¾專利申請案 * 年 /1 j 中文說明書铎正頁(86年1月)A7 . i U ν夺i
B7 I________________ 二i,±J 五、發明説明() 已大最研究減少自靜置源如鍋爐等中釋出之氧化氮之方 法及試劑,其中較佳之手法為以選擇性非催化堪原 (SNCIO之N0X減少方法。此棰方法包含將H〇x減少處理劑 導入燃堍流出物中,Μ藉氣相游離基調節反應製程,達到 減少氧化氮達約50Χ或更大之目的。SNCR方法通常利用含 氮之處理劑如氨,脲或在流出物中可破壊成皤胺畊 (amidozine)殘基之其他化學品及姐合物,該殘基相信為 可與氧化氮反懕並堪原成分子氮(f|2)之部份。 此類方法揭示於例如Lyon之U.S.專利第3900554號, Arand, Muzio 及 Sotter 之 Ij.S.專利第 4208386¾,及 Arand,Muzio 及 Teixeira 之 U.S.專利第 4325924 號。雖然 在自開放火焰燃堍之潦出物中可有效減少氧化氮,但相信 在柴油機中之溫度及壓力下,於此等方法中使用含氣之s 化氮堪原劑可確實產生,因而使問題惡化。 撺此,極需要本筲上可有效減少柴油機中釋出之氧化氮 而無習知技術之缺點之方法及姐合物。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裟. 訂. 示 堪 明 發 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 其枓 , 燃 法與。 方液堍 之溶燃 X 中中 No其機 之 *油 出液柴 釋轧於 中之液 機中乳 油料此 柴燃使 由油並 少柴, 減於 % 種液鼉 I 溶重 w 水70 有睬約 係成達 明形例 發含比 本包之 统 糸 料 燃 檝 油 柴 之 明 發 太 示 例 系 /1! 1J 國 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS ) Μ規格(210X297公釐) 第83108596號專利申請栗 30229^ 文說明書修正頁(86年1月)A7 B7 sS: 月1 oa 補充 五、發明説明( 圖2-7係例示使用本發明所達成之NOx減少之效果,包括於 乳化液中者有:尿累,Μ及其他成份,例如尿素甲醛、三 聚氰酸等,其係與未摻雜其他成份之乳化液作比較。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 a 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 第83108596號專利申請案 _ ! τΠ A 7 ί ^ p --u'〜; 中文說明書修正頁(86年1月)b7 : $丨Λ 士丨 _- _ _1 _: ·η .1 五、發明説明() 圃式元件符號說明 符號 窝 m 10 柴 油 機 交 通工具燃料糸铳 20 能 源 攢 22 管 線 24 串 聯 混 合 器 26 槽 28 導 管 30 機 械 乳 化 器 32 管 線 40 能 源 槽 42 管 線 50 燃 料 槽 52 管 線 56 管 線 60 柴 油 機 62 管 線 70 中 間 貯 存 槽 72 管 線 74 管 埭 80 循 瑁 管 線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) 7udA831 08596號專利申請案 文說明軎修 正頁(85年6月> A7 B7 4όυ. c 五、發明説明( 經濟部中央標準局男工消費合作社印製 »住具鵂例:》拄拥敛诚 如所述,本發明係有W—棰包含形成臃水溶液於柴油燃 料中之乳液之方法,此乳液係用Μ對柴油機補給燃料,K 減少自引擎中釋出之氣化氮。於本發明之更有利具體例中 ,此乳液亦包括水溶性鉑族金饜姐合物。 本發明乳液中之油相包括習知作為柴油燃料者,如美國 测試及處理協會(American Society of Testing and Manage«ent) (ASTM)燃料油檷準規格(定為:D 396-86)中所定義者。使用Μ形成乳液之水較好為軟化水 ,雖然软化水對氧化氮之成功控制並非需要•但為了避免 水中礪物在本發明乳液流過時沈積在柴油機燃料系统之内 部表面上,因而以软化水較佳。此方法中·可延長引擎壽 命且明顯地減少維修及修理次數。 此轧液較好包括約5Χ至約70Χ之腺水溶液於燃料中*更 好*此乳液包括約15Χ至約45Χ之該溶液於柴油燃料中。乳 液較好藉由使睬溶液及柴油燃料通過檐械乳化装置而製備 *該檐械乳化裝置可魷地設置或設於柴油交通工具之燃料 系統之内。乳化後,所得乳液可在燃堍前Κ遘宜之貯存單 位或桶中貯存,或自乳化器中釋出而直接供入柴油檝中。 有利地*所製得之乳液之不埋纘相(即脲溶液)具有其 中至少約70Χ之滴液係小於約5徴米沙得平均直徑 8a 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝· 訂 302293 A7 B7 五'發明説明(6 ) 經濟部中央揉隼局員工消费合作杜印装 (S a u t e r 乳液安 力為油分 乳液破壊 使用具有 ,通常係 離之重力 液最快分 較小滴 。若滴液 機械攙動 變得安定 终將分離 如上所 水溶液中 於本發明 其他化合 ),甲酸 甲醛反應 一或多種 之脲並非 順便指出 對等物中 適宜地搡 mean diameter)之 定性與滴液大小大 子以小滴液態置於 係由如何快速凝结 乳化劑或乳液安定 在滴液間形成斥拒 驅動力對大滴液而 離。 液亦會沈降,但較 足夠小,則作用於 力比較則相對較小 *雖然經過夠長時 述,欲使 之柴油燃 之化合物 物•為腺 銨,草酸 產物及各 水解產物 僅限於腺 ”對等物 之各種物 作。再者 用作為柴 料。雖然 包含脲及 (包含胺 銨,箅氧 種安定胺 ,因此, 本身,而 ” 一詞並 質將可在 ,某些物 粒徑。 有關連。乳液分離之主要驅動 水分子附近時伴阐之大能量, 滴液所控制。乳液安定性可藉 劑作用之界面活性劑等而增強 匾以抑制凝结,相(Phase)分 言更顯著•因而含大滴液之乳 不易於凝结•其會引起乳霜化 滴液上之重力與熱起伏或微妙 。此情況中,乳液幾乎一致地 間或姐合熱起伏,這些乳液最 油機燃 對溶液 其他效 基甲酸 化銨, 包含六 除非另 需延伸 非限於 與所列 質會比 料之乳液 而言腺為 果相等之 銨•碳酸 雙吡啶, 甲基四胺 有說明· 至脲及其 確實對等 物質不同 其他物質 包括乳 最佳· 化合物 銨及碳 氰尿酸 及其混 本揭示 所有對 物,且 之某些 更有效 化於腺 但可用 。此種 酸氫銨 ,脲- 合物之 中參考 等物。 在列出 條件下 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 丨装. 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4说格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消费合作杜印製 ---——. 五、發明説明( 水溶液中 有效減少氧 少約〇·5¾ , •用Μ形成 約'1 0 %至,約 在較佳具 製備,此檐 稀釋或在柴 溶液在浬输 而可避免所 ”溶液包括 水之漘縮溶 系统,在該 混合而提供 本發明另 鉑族金靨, 特別是當此 萬約0.005 0 . 5 p p m 之 此系统之水 於Haney及 併於本文供 或者,催 形成後,添 A7 B7 腺濃度需足Μ提供當使用作為柴油櫬燃料時可 化氮之最终乳液者。一般,乳液中脲濃度為至 約5¾至約25¾ ;有利地 為約5¾至約35¾ ,更好 較好乳 乳液之 25% 。 體例中 縮之腺 油機燃 時更經 需腺溶 至少約 液(如 處該溶 所需濃 一具體 液中腺终濃度為 水溶液中脲溏度 ,腺溶液係以比 溶液接著可藉添 枓糸統内稀釋。 濟(因稀釋水係 液之運输費用及 1 5¾重量之腺。 約30¾至約50¾) 液可嬅由串聯之 度之腺水溶液。 例中,乳液包括 飼|鐵或錳之姐合物或 姐合物包括鉑或鉑族金 至約1.0份(ppm)之量 量包含於乳液中。最好 相中。為水溶性或水可 Sullivan之D.S.專利第 參考。 化劑可包含於此糸统之 加至乳液中。此情況中 乳液所需者更湄之形式 加更多之水而”就地” 此方法中,由於更澹之 在就地供應之故),因 貯存。一般脲"濃縮物 更特別地,可製備脲與 並提供至交通工具燃料 混合機或泵與稀釋用水 燃燒催化劑如铈•鉑或 錯合物。此種催化劑, 靨時 > 其可以自約每百 ,特別是約0 . 0 1至約 此燃燒催化劑係包含於 溶之適宜催化劑係揭示 4629472號中,此揭示 燃料相中,或在催化劑 *催化劑姐合物需為燃 I I i LI _ ιιν I 1 I I I n I T I n I I I IV ^ *-J‘ 'V* ( (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 10 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央輮準扃貞工消费合作杜印裝 A7 B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 料可溶者,如Bowers及Sprague於U.S.專利第4892562號 及 Epperly, Sprague, Kelso 及 Bowers 於國際公報第 W0 90/07561號中所揭示者;此兩種文獻各併於本文供參考。 當然,當催化劑在乳化前添加至燃料相時,催化劑姐合物 之分配比例,亦即燃料中之溶解度與水相比較之比例需如 國際公報第W0 90/07561號中所述。 在柴油機操作及所需氧化氮之量之條件下,決定如何利 用本發明。在某棰條件下,僅使用乳液已足夠*但其他條 件則可應用催化劑組合物於乳液中。 因為本發明乳液在貯存時並不流動,因而例如當使用作 為高速公路交通工具之燃料源時,其自交通工具泵出有限 量而泵入靜置槽時,需要包含可有效維持乳液安定性之成 份如界面活性劑。事賁上,需要足夠定定之成份以在使用 於高速公路交通工具時,提供達約6個月之安定性。即使 遭過更短之燃料留滯時間時,如專有燃料之市區巴士或運 输交通工具時 > 仍然需要一週或更長之乳液安定性。 為了避免乳液分離成其成份*而引起欲羥由噴射器噴嘴 注人之水未燃馍而引致燃燒問題及可能之引擎損害,因而 乳液中亦需包含乳化劑或乳液安定劑。適宜之乳化劑或乳 液安定劑為熟悉本技藝者悉知者,且包含烷酵醢胺及酚類 界面活性劑如乙氧化烷基酚類,及各種其他酚類及其他業 界悉知之界面活性劑。有利地,乳化劑係以約0.01«至約 3.0%重量之量存在於乳液中,當使用時,乳化劑較好存在 於水相中。 (請先Η讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 丨裝' 訂 線 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 第83108596號專利申謫案 中文說明書修正頁(85年6月)A7 B7 五、發明说明( 經濟部中央標準扃貝工消费合作社印装 圓1說明 糸铳10。如 圖示)通遇 24中*當水 逋宜泵(未 至串瞄之混 需悬;接著 人機械乳化 泵(未圔示 乳化器中· 起。 自乳化器 示)經由管 >纆由管埭 出之乳液可 貯存直至燃 槽50中且接 此外*為 由循環管線 油機60中。 Μ改良Μ製 雖然Μ本 完全了解* 尖峰火焰溫 使用本發明較佳具體 本文所銳明者•脲之 ,管線22自通宜能源 相包括濃的豚溶液時 圖示)之作用烴過管 合器24中*該混合器 稀釋之腺溶液經由泵 器30中•來自逋宜能 )之作用•經由管線 柴油燃料與水或腺溶 例之柴油 水溶液係 槽20提供 •水(及 線或導管 之功能為 (未圖式 源槽40之 42導入乳 液係Κ遴 機交通工 經由逋宜 至串聪之 乳化劑) 28,自槽 稀釋脲溶 )通過管 柴油燃料 化器30中 宜比例乳 具燃料 泵(未 混合器 係藉由 26供應 液至所 線32導 同時藉 ,在該 化在一 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝· 30釋出 線52導 62飼入 络由管 堍。接 著導入 了維持 δ0循環 因而使 備並燃 發明所 但相信 度之作 後*柴油燃料 入燃料槽50中 柴油機60中。 線52及72供應 著乳液有貯存 引擎60中。 乳液安定性* 至燃料槽50 » 用所說明之糸 燒於柴油燃枓 提供之氧化氮 目檷物乳液之 用•而可限制 乳液接著賴逋宜泵(未匾 ,自該處可藉泵(未圈示 或者*自機械乳化器30釋 至中間貯存榷70·於該處 槽70經由管線74導人燃料 來自柴油機60之乳液可烴 且接著烴由管嫌56回至柴 統*可對柴油交通工具加 中包括脲水溶液之轧液。 減少程度之確實理由並未 水成份具有降低燃馎之最 整個Ν〇χ形成,並作為脲 12 本纸張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) 4Τ A7 _B7 五、發明説明(10 ) 及/或催化劑(當使用時)之載體。降低之尖峰火焰溫度 提供調節Ν〇κ還原之脲所用之有利溫度窗。由於在柴油機 中遭遇高壓,且驟冷之尖峰火焰溫度係因使用乳夜之水相 之故,因此乳液中之腺可化學地轉化成元素氮(Ν2)* 水蒸氣及二氧化碳(C 0 2 )。當使用催化劑姐合物時•可增 加燃燒率(且相信可增加馬力及節省燃料)。 據此*於所說明之柴油機燃料糸統中使用本發明乳液在 諸條件下可減少氧化氮及減少至Μ前認為不可能之量。 上述敘述用Κ教示热悉本技藝者如何操作本發明•並無 意詳细列出熟悉本技藝者在閱讁此敘述時可顯而易知之所 有意見之改良及變化。然而,所有意見之改良及變化均包 含於本發明申請專利範圍所定義之範圍中。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
*tT 線 經濟部中央揉準局員工消费合作杜印製 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家楳準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐)
Claims (1)
- --一號專利由請茱 公 專利fit圍修正本(86年1月> A8 B8 C8 D8 8V_n!0〔經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 六、申請專利範圍 L 一種減少柴油機中之氧化氮釋出之方法*其係包含於柴 油燃料中形成脲水溶液之乳液,該柴油燃科包含5X至 70¾重最味之脲或者選自一或多種脲之水解產物、甲酸 箝、草醸銨、氫氧化铵、六伸甲基四胺或其混合物之化 合物之溶衩*其中乳液中至少70S之水滴液係具有小於 / 5 #米沙得(Sauter)平均直徑之粒徑;供應該轧液於柴 油k中使之於其中燃堍,因此’當與僅燃堍柴油之燃料 比較時,此乳液之燃燒可滅少自柴油機中釋出之氧化氮 ;K及其中該脲水溶液包括5¾至35¾重量之脲。 2 根撺申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中至少85X之水滴 液具有小於5微米沙得平均直徑之粒徑。 a 根撺申請專利範圍第1項之方法*其中該乳液另包括催 化劑。 4. 根撺申請專利範圍第3項之方法·其中該催化劑包括選 自由鈽,鉑或鉑族金黼,鋦,賴或錳之群之金靨之姐合 物或錯合物。 ί 根摊申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該催化劑包括存 在於該乳液水相中之水溶性或水可分散之鉑族金矚姐合 物。 a 根捕由謫專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該催化劑包括存 在於該乳液之燃料相中或轧液形成後存在於該乳液中之 燃料可溶之鉑族金賵姐合物。 一種自柴油機中減少氧化氮釋出之方法,包括: 製備稱或選自一或多種脲之水解產物、甲酸銨、箄 本紙伕尺度遑用中國國家標牟(CNS ) A4说格(210X297公釐) (請先«讀背面之注意事項存填寫本貢) 订- D8 中請專利範圍 酸銨、氫氧化銨、六伸甲基四胺或其混合物之化合 物於水中之溶液而形成水溶液; 加使該水溶液與柴油燃料乳化而形成乳液,其中該柴油 > 燃料係包含5到70重量%之該水溶液;及 (c)供應該乳液至柴油棒中使之於其中燃燒; 因而,當與僅燃馍柴油之燃料比較•該乳液之燃燒可減 少自柴油機中釋出之氧化氮;Μ及其中該水溶液包括 5¾至35Χ重量之腺。 a 根據申請專利範圍第7項之方法*其中該腺溶液另包括 乳化劑。 a 栂埔申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該轧化劑係選自 由烷酵醱睽及酚類界面活性劑姐成之群。 1Q 根楝申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中該乳液包括1 5X 至45¾重量之水溶液。 11 根楝由請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中該水溶液之製備 皞先形成包括30¾至505;重童之脲之濟縮脲溶液,接著 以水稀釋該漘鋪溶液至稱濃度為5 X至25¾重量。 ιζ 梅捭申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中該乳液另包括催 化劑〇 經濟部中央棣準局貝工消費合作社印製 (請先《讀背面之注意事項苒填寫本筲) 13· 根撺申諝專利範圍第12項之方法·其中該催化劑包括遘 自由铈,鉑或鉑族金_,飼,锩或錳所姐成之群之金靨 之姐合物或錯合物。 根撺由琦專利範圍第1 3項之方法,其中該催化削包括存 在於該乳液之水相中之水溶性或水可分散之鉑族金屬组 本紙乐又度適用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 B8 C8 D8六、申請專利範圍 合物。 15· 根揀由請專利範圍第13項之方法,其中該催化劑包括存 在於燃料相中或在該乳液形成後存在於乳液中之燃料可 溶之鉑族金饜姐合物。 is. —種供懕燃料至柴油動力交通工具之燃料糸统,包括·‘ 貯存脲或選自一或多棰脲之水解產物、甲酸銨、草 酸銨、氫氧化銨、六伸甲基四胺或其混合物之化合 物水溶液之第一貯存装置; 'b) 貯存水之第二貯存装置; 貯存柴油燃料之第三貯存裝置; 可使水及豚水溶液混合之混合機; <e) 可使柴油燃料與稱水溶液乳化之乳化器; (fi 分別自該第一貯存装置供應腺溶液及自該第二貯存 装置供應水至該混合器之裝置; ⑻ 自該第三貯存装置供應柴油燃料至該乳化器之装置 1 自該混合器供應睬溶液至該乳化器之装置;及 1>> 自該乳化器供應乳化之脲溶液及柴油燃料至乳液榷 之裝置。 17. 根撺由請專利範圍第16項之燃料糸统,其中轧液槽係在 燃料站。 ia 根撺申請專利範圍第16項之燃料糸统,其中乳液櫝係在 交通工具内者。 ia 根撺申請專利範圍第16項之燃料条统,其中該混合装置 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂* . 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 8 8 8 8 ABCD 1 六、申請專利範圍 包括串聯之混合器。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 装. -訂- 經濟部中央樣準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家梂準(CNS ) A4洗格(210X297公釐)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/114,206 US5404841A (en) | 1993-08-30 | 1993-08-30 | Reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel engines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW302293B true TW302293B (zh) | 1997-04-11 |
Family
ID=22353937
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW083108596A TW302293B (zh) | 1993-08-30 | 1994-09-16 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5404841A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0725892A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU7674594A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW302293B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1995006805A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (77)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6051040A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 2000-04-18 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Method for reducing emissions of NOx and particulates from a diesel engine |
US5584894A (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1996-12-17 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from vehicular diesel engines |
CA2199840A1 (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1996-03-21 | W. Sidney Binion | In-cylinder water injection engine |
GB9508248D0 (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1995-06-14 | Ass Octel | Process |
CA2227141A1 (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1997-02-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Methods for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine |
AU7153696A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1997-03-27 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Methods for improving the operation of a catalyzed engine |
FR2742806A1 (fr) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-06-27 | Semt Pielstick | Dispositif d'alimentation en combustible liquide d'un moteur a combustion interne diesel |
FR2742807B1 (fr) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-03-13 | Semt Pielstick | Dispositif d'alimentation en combustible liquide d'un moteur a combustion interne diesel |
US6213104B1 (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 2001-04-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and a device for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine |
AU4158097A (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1998-03-06 | Cummins Engine Company Inc. | Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control |
US6230683B1 (en) | 1997-08-22 | 2001-05-15 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control |
US5682842A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1997-11-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel control system for an internal combustion engine using an aqueous fuel emulsion |
US5809774A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-09-22 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | System for fueling and feeding chemicals to internal combustion engines for NOx reduction |
US5904121A (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1999-05-18 | Turbodyne Systems Inc. | Water/fuel mixing system for a diesel engine |
US5765537A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-06-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel recirculation system |
TW509719B (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 2002-11-11 | Clean Diesel Tech Inc | Method for reducing emissions from a diesel engine |
US6447556B1 (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2002-09-10 | Clean Fuel Technology, Inc. | Fuel emulsion blending system |
US5873916A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-02-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel emulsion blending system |
BR9904839A (pt) | 1998-02-23 | 2000-07-18 | Cummins Engine Co Inc | Motor a explosão por compressão de carga pré-misturada com comtrole de combustão ótimo |
US6032617A (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2000-03-07 | Caterpillar Inc. | Dual fuel engine which ignites a homogeneous mixture of gaseous fuel, air, and pilot fuel |
US6017368A (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-01-25 | Steinmann; Henry W | Microemulsion fuel compositions for the internal combustion engine and for oil furnaces |
US6368367B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition |
US6383237B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-05-07 | Deborah A. Langer | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions |
US6368366B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition |
US6397826B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-06-04 | Clean Fuel Technology, Inc. | Fuel cooling system for fuel emulsion based compression ignition engine |
US6530964B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2003-03-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US6913630B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2005-07-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Amino alkylphenol emulsifiers for an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US6827749B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2004-12-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsions |
US6652607B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2003-11-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Concentrated emulsion for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US20040111956A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2004-06-17 | Westfall David L. | Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion |
US6419714B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-07-16 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsifier for an acqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US6266955B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2001-07-31 | Caterpillar Inc. | Diagnostic system for an emissions control on an engine |
EP1246894B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2012-01-11 | Tomah Products, Inc. | Fuel additive, additive-containing fuel compositions and method of manufacture |
GB9927563D0 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2000-01-19 | Williamson Ian | A process and method for blending a fuel containing a high molecular weight compound |
US6606856B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-08-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for reducing pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine |
US7374588B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2008-05-20 | Interfacial Technologies (Uk) Limited | Fuel combustion |
US20030084658A1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2003-05-08 | Brown Kevin F | Process for reducing pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine using a water diesel fuel in combination with exhaust after-treatments |
AU2001280939A1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-13 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Low-emissions diesel fuel blend |
EP1397588B1 (de) * | 2001-06-21 | 2006-01-04 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Verfahren zum betrieb einer kraftmaschine |
US7344570B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2008-03-18 | Clean Fuels Technology, Inc. | Method for manufacturing an emulsified fuel |
GB0126990D0 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2002-01-02 | Carroll Robert | Method and composition for improving fuel consumption |
US6948926B2 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2005-09-27 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
US20030226312A1 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-11 | Roos Joseph W. | Aqueous additives in hydrocarbonaceous fuel combustion systems |
US6679200B2 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2004-01-20 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Direct in-cylinder reductant injection system and a method of implementing same |
US6857263B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2005-02-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The Environmental Protection Agency | Low emission diesel combustion system with low charge-air oxygen concentration levels and high fuel injection pressures |
US7047933B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2006-05-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The United States Environmental Protection Agency | Low emission fuel for use with controlled temperature combustion, direct injection, compression ignition engines |
US7413583B2 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2008-08-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsified fuels and engine oil synergy |
US7111591B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2006-09-26 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Method of improving the operation of combustion particulate filters |
US7428890B2 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2008-09-30 | Envirofuels Llc | On-board fuel additive injection systems |
ATE491861T1 (de) | 2006-02-07 | 2011-01-15 | Diamond Qc Technologies Inc | Mit kohlendioxid angereicherte rauchgaseinspritzung zur kohlenwasserstoffgewinnung |
JP5468732B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-27 | 2014-04-09 | 国立大学法人豊橋技術科学大学 | 尿素改質装置及びそれを備えた排ガス浄化装置 |
JP5184999B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-10 | 2013-04-17 | 伊藤忠プランテック株式会社 | エマルジョン燃料及びそのような燃料を用いたエマルジョン燃料供給システム |
WO2010023904A1 (ja) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | 株式会社ブイエスディー | エマルジョン燃料およびその製造方法 |
DE102008046381B4 (de) * | 2008-09-09 | 2011-12-22 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Verfahren zur Verminderung von Stickoxiden im Abgasstrom von Brennkraftmaschinen |
CN101574620A (zh) * | 2009-06-23 | 2009-11-11 | 河南华晶超硬材料股份有限公司 | 一种金刚石提纯中产生酸气的治理工艺 |
PL209478B1 (pl) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-09-30 | Przedsiębiorstwo Wielobranżowe Prima Społka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialno&Sac | Modyfikator spalania paliw płynnych i gazowych takich jak paliwa żeglugowe, olej napędowy, benzyna, olej lekki i ciężki, mazut i innych węglowodorów, sposób modyfikowania procesu spalania paliw i zastosowanie modyfikatora spalania paliw |
US8555625B2 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2013-10-15 | Pierce Manufacturing Company | Exhaust system for firefighting vehicle |
US7818969B1 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2010-10-26 | Energyield, Llc | Enhanced efficiency turbine |
DE102011012977B4 (de) * | 2011-03-03 | 2014-11-20 | Porep Gmbh | Kraftstoffanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit einem Kraftstoff/Wasser-Gemisch |
GB2503924A (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2014-01-15 | Glatfelter Switzerland Sarl | Super-absorbent sandwich web |
US20140274662A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Cdti | Systems and Methods for Variations of ZPGM Oxidation Catalysts Compositions |
US9511350B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | ZPGM Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and methods of making and using same |
US9511355B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | System and methods for using synergized PGM as a three-way catalyst |
US9771534B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2017-09-26 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | Diesel exhaust treatment systems and methods |
US9545626B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2017-01-17 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Optimization of Zero-PGM washcoat and overcoat loadings on metallic substrate |
US9511358B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Spinel compositions and applications thereof |
CN106413858A (zh) | 2014-06-06 | 2017-02-15 | 克林迪塞尔技术公司 | 铑铁催化剂 |
US9731279B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2017-08-15 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Thermal stability of copper-manganese spinel as Zero PGM catalyst for TWC application |
FR3029800B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-12-16 | Ifp Energies Now | Produit pour la depollution des gaz d'echappement, notamment de moteur a combustion interne, et procede de depollution des gaz d'echappement utilisant ce produit. |
US9700841B2 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2017-07-11 | Byd Company Limited | Synergized PGM close-coupled catalysts for TWC applications |
US9951706B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2018-04-24 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Calibration strategies to improve spinel mixed metal oxides catalytic converters |
FR3043570B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-13 | 2020-08-07 | Ifp Energies Now | Fluide pour la depollution des moteurs thermiques et modes de preparation desdits fluides par emulsification |
FR3044564B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-02 | 2021-01-22 | Total Marketing Services | Composition a base d’uree pour le traitement des gaz d’echappement |
US10533472B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2020-01-14 | Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. | Application of synergized-PGM with ultra-low PGM loadings as close-coupled three-way catalysts for internal combustion engines |
US9861964B1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2018-01-09 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Enhanced catalytic activity at the stoichiometric condition of zero-PGM catalysts for TWC applications |
US10265684B2 (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2019-04-23 | Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. | Highly active and thermally stable coated gasoline particulate filters |
US11732628B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2023-08-22 | Old World Industries, Llc | Diesel exhaust fluid |
Family Cites Families (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2086775A (en) * | 1936-07-13 | 1937-07-13 | Leo Corp | Method of operating an internal combustion engine |
US2151432A (en) * | 1937-07-03 | 1939-03-21 | Leo Corp | Method of operating internal combustion engines |
GB1260473A (en) * | 1968-07-22 | 1972-01-19 | Shell Int Research | Emulsified hydrocarbon fuel |
US3876391A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1975-04-08 | Texaco Inc | Process of preparing novel micro emulsions |
US3615290A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1971-10-26 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Emulsified hydrocarbon fuel |
DE2653026A1 (de) * | 1975-06-30 | 1978-05-24 | Edward C Wenzel | Als kraftstoff fuer verbrennungsmotoren verwendbares fluessigkeitsgemisch |
US3900554A (en) * | 1973-03-16 | 1975-08-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method for the reduction of the concentration of no in combustion effluents using ammonia |
US3961609A (en) * | 1973-07-12 | 1976-06-08 | Gerry Martin E | Pure oxygen supply to an internal combustion engine |
US4208386A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1980-06-17 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Urea reduction of NOx in combustion effluents |
JPS5314662A (en) * | 1976-07-28 | 1978-02-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Method for decreasing nitrogen oxides concentration of combustion exhaust gas |
US4087513A (en) * | 1977-08-12 | 1978-05-02 | Olin Corporation | Method of hydrolyzing urea contained in waste water streams |
US4325924A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1982-04-20 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Urea reduction of NOx in fuel rich combustion effluents |
US4168299A (en) * | 1978-03-20 | 1979-09-18 | Olin Corporation | Catalytic method for hydrolyzing urea |
JPS5699296A (en) * | 1980-01-10 | 1981-08-10 | Sankin Kogyo Kk | Additive for hydrating petroleum or the like |
US4401439A (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1983-08-30 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel and lubricant compositions for octane requirement reduction |
PT81495B (pt) * | 1984-12-04 | 1987-12-30 | Fuel Tech Inc | Processo para a preparacao de aditivos para combustiveis contendo compostos soluveis de metais do grupo da platina e de combustiveis que os contem e sua utulizacao em motores de combustao interna |
US4892562A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1990-01-09 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Diesel fuel additives and diesel fuels containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in diesel engines |
US4629472A (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1986-12-16 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for improving combustion, thermal efficiency and reducing emissions by treating fuel |
US4751065A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-06-14 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Reduction of nitrogen- and carbon-based pollutants |
US4927612A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1990-05-22 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Reduction of nitrogen- and carbon-based pollutants |
US4719092A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1988-01-12 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Reduction of nitrogen-based pollutants through the use of urea solutions containing oxygenated hydrocarbon solvents |
US4844878A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1989-07-04 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in an effluent |
US4795478A (en) * | 1986-06-17 | 1989-01-03 | Intevep, S.A. | Viscous hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions |
US4824439A (en) * | 1986-06-17 | 1989-04-25 | Intevep, S.A. | Inflame desulfurization and denoxification of high sulfur containing fuels |
US4696638A (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1987-09-29 | Denherder Marvin J | Oil fuel combustion |
US4842834A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1989-06-27 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for reducing the concentration of pollutants in an effluent |
US4770863A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-09-13 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in an effluent |
US5057293A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1991-10-15 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Multi-stage process for reducing the concentration of pollutants in an effluent |
US4777024A (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-10-11 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Multi-stage process for reducing the concentration of pollutants in an effluent |
US4780289A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-10-25 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for nitrogen oxides reduction and minimization of the production of other pollutants |
US4863704A (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1989-09-05 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Multi-stage process for reducing the concentration of pollutants in an effluent using an ammonium salt |
US4803059A (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1989-02-07 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in an effluent using a hydroxy amino hydrocarbon |
US4902488A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1990-02-20 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for nitrogen oxides reduction with minimization of the production of other pollutants |
US4877591A (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1989-10-31 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in an effluent using sugar |
US4863705A (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1989-09-05 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in an effluent |
US4861567A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1989-08-29 | Energy And Environmental Research Corporation | Methods of reducing NOx and SOx emissions from combustion systems |
US4915036A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-04-10 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Boiler and injector for reducing the concentration of pollutants in an effluent |
EP0411049A1 (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1991-02-06 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Composition for introduction into a high temperature environment |
JPH01318716A (ja) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 内燃機関の排気脱硝方法 |
CA1340871C (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 2000-01-04 | Robert W. Epperly | Method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering internal combustion engines |
JPH02191528A (ja) * | 1989-01-20 | 1990-07-27 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 固体還元剤を用いた脱硝装置 |
IT1229787B (it) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-09-11 | Eniricerche Spa | Composizione ibrida di carburante diesel. |
US5342592A (en) * | 1989-07-04 | 1994-08-30 | Fuel Tech Europe Ltd. | Lance-type injection apparatus for introducing chemical agents into flue gases |
US4928635A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1990-05-29 | Mack Shelor | Power plant and method of retrofitting existing power plants |
US4997631A (en) * | 1990-03-07 | 1991-03-05 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for reducing nitrogen oxides without generating nitrous oxide |
US5240688A (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1993-08-31 | Fuel Tech Gmbh | Process for the in-line hydrolysis of urea |
-
1993
- 1993-08-30 US US08/114,206 patent/US5404841A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-08-29 WO PCT/US1994/009628 patent/WO1995006805A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-08-29 US US08/331,473 patent/US5535708A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-29 EP EP94927236A patent/EP0725892A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-08-29 AU AU76745/94A patent/AU7674594A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-16 TW TW083108596A patent/TW302293B/zh active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7674594A (en) | 1995-03-22 |
EP0725892A4 (zh) | 1996-09-04 |
US5404841A (en) | 1995-04-11 |
WO1995006805A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
EP0725892A1 (en) | 1996-08-14 |
US5535708A (en) | 1996-07-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TW302293B (zh) | ||
EP0815185B1 (en) | Operation of diesel engines with reduced particulate emission by utilization of platinum group metal fuel additive and pass-through catalytic oxidizer | |
KR100347201B1 (ko) | 차량의디젤기관으로부터배출되는질소산화물의양을감소시키는방법 | |
US8062617B2 (en) | Process and catalyst system for SCR of NOx | |
US6616901B1 (en) | Apparatus for pollution control in exhaust gas streams from fossil fuel burning facilities | |
US5286467A (en) | Highly efficient hybrid process for nitrogen oxides reduction | |
US7416715B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for the production of gaseous ammonia from a urea solution | |
US10882762B2 (en) | Method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour oil and sour water | |
US9206369B2 (en) | Methods of improving combustion of solid fuels | |
TW200401746A (en) | Selective non-catalytic reduction of NOx | |
DE102014103678A1 (de) | Kompakte abgasbehandlungssysteme für dieselanwendungen | |
JP2013515818A (ja) | 水性硫化水素スカベンジャーの効果を高めるための炭化水素ガスオイルの乳化 | |
FR2624760A1 (fr) | Procede et produit pour floculer une emulsion d'hydrocarbure dans l'eau et emulsions ainsi preparees | |
JPWO2009075317A1 (ja) | 含油水を用いて乳化燃料を製造する方法 | |
DE69827778T2 (de) | Verfahren zur verminderung von emissionen eines mit einem dreiwegekatalysator ausgerüsteten benzinmotors | |
US11767236B2 (en) | Method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour oil and sour water | |
US5298230A (en) | Process for the efficient catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides | |
CN108290114A (zh) | 用于净化热力发动机的流体以及通过乳化制备所述流体的方法 | |
EP0581870A1 (en) | Process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions and improving the combustion efficiency of a turbine | |
CN101469277B (zh) | 以含油水制造乳化燃料之方法 | |
DE102018222598A1 (de) | System und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung | |
FR3055220A1 (fr) | Installation pour la depollution des gaz d'echappement, notamment de moteur a combustion interne, et procede pour l'utilisation d'une telle installation | |
JP2010013555A (ja) | 界面活性剤と燃焼助剤の2成分を含有するエマルジョン燃料用組成物 |