TW202243892A - 裝飾膜 - Google Patents
裝飾膜 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202243892A TW202243892A TW111106544A TW111106544A TW202243892A TW 202243892 A TW202243892 A TW 202243892A TW 111106544 A TW111106544 A TW 111106544A TW 111106544 A TW111106544 A TW 111106544A TW 202243892 A TW202243892 A TW 202243892A
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Abstract
本發明提供一種切換製品外觀之技術。本發明之實施方式之裝飾膜(100)包含:調光層(10),其從視認側依次具備第1透明導電膜(12)、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之高分子分散型液晶層(14)、及第2透明導電膜(16);以及反射層(20),其設置於該調光層(10)之與視認側相反之側。
Description
本發明係關於一種包含調光層及反射層之裝飾膜。
具有一對透明導電膜之間夾持有高分子分散型液晶(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal,以下有時稱為「PDLC」)層之構成之調光元件可根據施加之電壓量而改變透過光之散射程度,例如,藉由切換電壓施加狀態與未施加狀態,可切換光散射狀態(散射狀態)與光透射狀態(非散射狀態或透明狀態)。已研究出利用此種調光元件之調光功能,將其應用於擋板或幕簾用途、顯示器用途、投影屏幕用途等各種用途。
又,近年來,從進一步提昇購買者之滿意度之觀點出發,開發製品時,除功能性外,還重視設計性。例如,專利文獻1揭示了一種顯示裝置,其具備可將從一個表面側投射之光透射至另一表面側而顯示資訊之裝飾膜,根據此種顯示裝置,當顯示裝置顯示時(電源ON時),可顯示顯示裝置之資訊,當顯示裝置未顯示時(電源OFF時),可視認裝飾膜之設計。如此,於切換製品外觀,例如顏色或色調之技術方面,要求進一步改進。
先前技術文獻
專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2020-067565號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
本發明係為解決上述問題而完成者,其主要目的在於提供一種切換製品外觀之技術。
[解決問題之技術手段]
根據本發明之一個態樣,提供一種裝飾膜,其包含:調光層,其從視認側依次具備第1透明導電膜、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之高分子分散型液晶層、及第2透明導電膜;以及反射層,其設置於該調光層之與視認側相反之側。
一實施方式中,電壓未施加時之上述調光層之霧度為50%以上。
一實施方式中,電壓施加時之上述調光層之霧度為15%以下。
一實施方式中,上述裝飾膜於上述反射層之視認側進而包含裝飾層。
一實施方式中,上述反射層之全光線反射率為50%以上。
[發明之效果]
本發明之裝飾膜於調光層之與視認側相反之側(以下,有時稱為「背面側」)具備反射層,作為該調光層,使用具有液晶液滴內含有二色性染料之PDLC層之調光層。藉由此種構成,當調光層為透明狀態時,經反射層反射之光被直接視認,另一方面,當調光層為散射狀態時,經反射層反射之光被散射,加入了來自二色性染料之顏色。其結果,本發明之裝飾膜於電壓施加狀態與未施加狀態下可呈現不同外觀。又,藉由於調光層之背面側設置反射層並利用其反射光,即使為不存在來自背面側之入射光之構成,亦可呈現上述外觀。
以下,對本發明之較佳實施方式進行說明,但本發明並不限定於該等實施方式。再者,本說明書中,表示數值範圍之「~」包含其上限及下限之數值。
A.裝飾膜
本發明之實施方式之裝飾膜包含:調光層,其從視認側依次具有第1透明導電膜、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之高分子分散型液晶層、及第2透明導電膜;以及反射層,其設置於該調光層之與視認側相反之側。裝飾膜可根據用途等於反射層之視認側進而包含至少一個裝飾層。調光層可為一層,亦可為重疊複數層而使用之形態。
圖1(a)~(c)分別係本發明之一實施方式之裝飾膜之概略剖視圖。圖1(a)所示之裝飾膜100a包含:調光層10,其從視認側依次具有第1透明導電膜12、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之PDLC層14、及第2透明導電膜16;以及反射層20,其設置於調光層10之背面側。若從視認側觀察調光層10為透明狀態之裝飾膜100a,則可識別到經反射層20反射並透過調光層10之光。因此,可識別到反射層20之外觀作為裝飾膜100a之外觀。另一方面,根據調光層10為散射狀態之裝飾膜100a,可識別到經反射層20反射後、由調光層10散射及著色之光。因此,例如,當調光層10包含紅色之二色性染料時,裝飾膜100a可呈現紅色不透明外觀。
圖1(b)所示之裝飾膜100b包含:調光層10,其從視認側依次具有第1透明導電膜12、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之PDLC層14、及第2透明導電膜16;反射層20,其設置於調光層10之背面側;以及裝飾層30,其配置於調光層10與反射層20之間。若從視認側觀察調光層10為透明狀態之裝飾膜100b,則識別到經反射層20反射並透過裝飾層30及調光層10之光。因此,例如,當裝飾層30為黃色之著色層時,裝飾膜100b可呈現黃色外觀。另一方面,根據調光層10為散射狀態之裝飾膜100b,可識別到經反射層20反射後、透過裝飾層30、並由調光層10散射及著色之光。因此,例如,當裝飾層30呈現黃色、調光層10包含紅色之二色性染料時,裝飾膜100b可呈現橙色不透明外觀。
圖1(c)所示之裝飾膜100c包含:調光層10,其從視認側依次具有第1透明導電膜12、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之PDLC層14、及第2透明導電膜16;反射層20,其設置於調光層10之背面側;視認側裝飾層30a,其配置於調光層10之視認側;以及背面側裝飾層30b,其配置於調光層10與反射層20之間。若從視認側觀察調光層10為透明狀態之裝飾膜100c,則可識別到經反射層20反射並透過背面側裝飾層30b、調光層10、及視認側裝飾層30a之光。因此,例如,當視認側裝飾層30a呈現黃色、背面側裝飾層30b呈現紅色圖案時,可識別到黃色之背景色中顯示有橙色圖案之外觀作為裝飾膜100c之外觀。另一方面,根據調光層10為散射狀態之裝飾膜100c,可識別到經反射層20反射後、透過背面側裝飾層30b、其次由調光層10散射及著色、進而透過視認側裝飾層30a之光。因此,例如,當視認側裝飾層30a呈現黃色、背面側裝飾層30b呈現紅色圖案、調光層10包含紅色之二色性染料時,裝飾膜100c可呈現不透明之橙色外觀。
裝飾膜之構成並不限定於上述圖示例。例如,裝飾膜可僅於調光層之視認側含有裝飾層。又,只要可獲得本發明之效果,裝飾膜可包含任意合適之追加之構成要素。作為追加之構成要素,例如可例舉保護層、表面處理層(硬塗層等)、黏著劑層、局部經裝飾之裝飾層等。
當調光層為透明狀態時,裝飾膜可具有例如20%以上、較佳為30%~95%、更佳為40%~95%之全光線反射率。又,當調光層為散射狀態時,裝飾膜可具有例如15%以下、較佳為0.1%~12%、更佳為0.1%~10%之全光線反射率。根據具有此種反射率之裝飾膜,即使於不存在來自背面側之入射光之情形時,亦可利用反射光發揮裝飾性。
當調光層為透明狀態時,使用具有透過性之反射層之裝飾膜可具有例如0.1%~50%、較佳為0.1%~30%之全光線透過率。又,當調光層為散射狀態時,該裝飾膜可具有例如0.1%~30%、較佳為0.1%~15%之全光線透過率。根據具有此種透過率之裝飾膜,可利用反射光以及來自背面側之入射光以發揮裝飾性。
裝飾膜可為長條狀。再者,本說明書中,所謂「長條狀」,係指長度相對於寬度足夠長之細長形狀,例如,包含長度為寬度10倍以上、較佳為20倍以上之細長形狀。
裝飾膜之整體厚度例如可為50 μm~500 μm,較佳可為100 μm~300 μm。
以下,對裝飾膜之構成要素進行具體說明。
A-1.調光層
調光層從視認側依次具有第1透明導電膜、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之高分子分散型液晶層、及第2透明導電膜。
調光層之整體厚度例如為50 μm~250 μm,較佳為80 μm~200 μm。
透明狀態之調光層可具有例如70%以上、較佳為75%~99%、更佳為80%~99%之全光線透過率。又,透明狀態之調光層可具有例如15%以下、較佳為0.1%~10%、更佳為0.1%~7%之霧度。若透明狀態之調光層之全光線透過率及霧度為該範圍,則可較好地識別到反射層或背面側裝飾層。
散射狀態之調光層可具有例如60%以上、較佳為70%~99%、更佳為80%~99%之全光線透過率。又,散射狀態之調光層可具有例如50%以上、較佳為60%~99%、更佳為70%~99%之霧度。若散射狀態之調光層之全光線透過率及霧度為該範圍,則可呈現反射層及/或裝飾層之外觀中加入了調光層之色調之外觀。又,當霧度例如為70%以上、較佳為80%以上時,可較好地遮蔽反射層或背面側裝飾層。
透明狀態之調光層於波長380 nm~700 nm之透過率相對於波長550 nm之透過率之比率較佳為1~1.3,更佳為1~1.1。若透明狀態下之透過率比為該範圍,則可透射光而不會產生來自調光層之帶色。
一實施方式中,調光層在PDLC層被施加電壓之狀態下處於透明狀態,在PDLC層未被施加電壓之狀態下處於散射狀態(正常模式)。該實施方式中,由於液晶化合物及二色性染料於電壓未施加時未配向,因此產生二色性染料引起之著色及液晶化合物引起之散射,呈現經著色之不透明外觀。另一方面,液晶化合物及二色性染料於電壓施加時配向,其結果,抑制二色性染料引起之著色及液晶化合物引起之散射,可呈現無色或比電壓未施加時著色更淺之透明外觀。
另一實施方式中,調光層在PDLC層被施加電壓之狀態下處於散射狀態,在PDLC層未被施加電壓之狀態下處於透明狀態(反向模式)。該實施方式中,藉由設置於透明電極層表面之配向膜,液晶化合物及二色性染料於電壓未施加時配向,呈現無色或著色較淺之透明外觀,藉由施加電壓,液晶化合物及二色性染料之配向受到擾亂,產生著色及散射,其結果,可呈現比電壓未施加時著色更濃之不透明外觀。
如上所述,調光層之光之散射程度(其結果,霧度)根據所施加之電壓而變化。切換透明狀態與散射狀態時對PDLC層施加之電壓(驅動電壓)例如為100 V以下,較佳為1 V~30 V。
A-1-1.第1透明導電膜
代表性而言,第1透明導電膜12具有第1透明基材12a及設置於第1透明基材12a之一側之第1透明電極層12b,以第1透明電極層12b位於PDLC層14側之方式配置。第1透明導電膜可視需要進而含有任意合適之功能層。作為此種功能層,可例舉折射率調整層、抗反射層、硬塗層等。硬塗層可設置於例如第1透明基材之一側或兩側。折射率調整層可設置於例如第1透明電極層之第1透明基材側。進而,根據驅動模式,可於第1透明電極層之與第1透明基材為相反側之表面設置配向膜。
第1透明導電膜之表面電阻值較佳為0.1 Ω/□~1000 Ω/□,更佳為0.5 Ω/□~300 Ω/□,再佳為1 Ω/□~200 Ω/□。
第1透明導電膜之霧度較佳為5%以下,更佳為3%以下,再佳為0.01%~1%。
第1透明導電膜之全光線透過率較佳為70%以上,更佳為80%以上,再佳為85%以上。
第1透明基材由任意合適之材料形成。具體而言,使用玻璃基材或高分子基材較佳,其中高分子基材更佳。
上述高分子基材具有代表性的是以熱塑性樹脂為主成分之高分子膜。作為熱塑性樹脂,例如可例舉:聚降𦯉烯等環烯烴系樹脂;丙烯酸系樹脂;聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂等聚酯系樹脂;聚碳酸酯樹脂;纖維素系樹脂等。其中,較佳可使用環烯烴系樹脂或聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂。上述熱塑性樹脂可單獨使用,或將兩種以上組合使用。
第1透明基材之厚度較佳為20 μm~200 μm,更佳為30 μm~100 μm。
第1透明電極層可使用例如銦錫氧化物(ITO)、氧化鋅(ZnO)、氧化錫(SnO
2)等金屬氧化物而形成。於此情形時,金屬氧化物可為非晶質金屬氧化物,亦可為結晶金屬氧化物。或者,第1透明電極層可由銀奈米線(AgNW)等金屬奈米線、奈米碳管(CNT)、有機導電膜、金屬層或該等之積層體而形成。可根據目的將第1透明電極層圖案化以形成所需形狀。
第1透明電極層之厚度較佳為0.01 μm~0.10 μm,更佳為0.01 μm~0.045 μm。
就代表性而言,可使用濺鍍等方法,將第1透明電極層設置於第1透明基材之一個表面。藉由濺鍍形成金屬氧化物層後,實施退火處理,使其結晶。退火係藉由例如於120℃~300℃熱處理10分鐘~120分鐘而進行。
A-1-2.第2透明導電膜
就代表性而言,第2透明導電膜16具有第2透明基材16a及設置於第2透明基材16a之一側之第2透明電極層16b,以第2透明電極層16b位於PDLC層14側之方式配置。第2透明導電膜可視需要進而含有任意合適之功能層。作為此種功能層,可例舉折射率調整層、抗反射層、硬塗層等。硬塗層可設置於例如第2透明基材之一側或兩側。折射率調整層可設置於例如第2透明電極層之第2透明基材側。進而,根據驅動模式,可於第2透明電極層之與第2透明基材為相反側之表面設置配向膜。
第2透明導電膜之表面電阻值較佳為0.1 Ω/□~1000 Ω/□,更佳為0.5 Ω/□~300 Ω/□,再佳為1 Ω/□~200 Ω/□。
第2透明導電膜之霧度較佳為5%以下,更佳為3%以下,再佳為0.1%~1%。
第2透明導電膜之全光線透過率較佳為70%以上,更佳為80%以上,再佳為85%以上。
關於第2透明電極層及第2透明基材,可分別應用與第1透明電極層及第1透明基材相同之說明。第1透明導電膜與第2透明導電膜之構成可相同亦可不同。
A-1-3.高分子分散型液晶層
PDLC層包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴。
從垂直於PDLC層之主表面之方向觀察時,上述液滴之平均粒徑例如為0.3 μm以上,較佳為1 μm以上。又,液滴之平均粒徑例如為7 μm以下,較佳為5 μm以下。若該平均粒徑過小,則長波長一側之散射性變得不充分,可能產生不期望之帶色。另一方面,若該平均粒徑過大,則可見光區域之散射變得不充分,無法獲得效率良好之散射性。再者,液滴之平均粒徑d係體積平均粒徑。
作為液晶化合物,較佳可使用於波長589 nm具有0.1~0.4之雙折射Δn(=n
e-n
o;n
e係液晶化合物分子之長軸方向之折射率,n
o係液晶化合物分子之短軸方向之折射率)之非聚合型液晶化合物。液晶化合物之雙折射Δn更佳為0.15~0.3。當液晶化合物之雙折射為上述範圍內時,可高效率地獲得可見光內之散射。
液晶化合物之介電各向異性可正可負。液晶化合物可為例如向列型、層列型、膽固醇型液晶化合物。就可於透明狀態下實現優異之透明性而言,較佳為使用向列型液晶化合物。作為向列型液晶化合物,可例舉聯苯系化合物、苯甲酸苯酯系化合物、環己基苯系化合物、氧化偶氮苯系化合物、偶氮苯系化合物、甲亞胺系化合物、聯三苯系化合物、苯甲酸聯苯酯系化合物、環己基聯苯系化合物、苯基吡啶系化合物、環己基嘧啶系化合物、膽固醇系化合物、氟系化合物等。
作為二色性染料,可根據所需外觀、調色性、透過性等使用任意合適之二色性染料。二色性染料可僅單獨使用一種,亦可將兩種以上組合使用。
作為二色性染料,可例舉包含碘、雙偶氮化合物之二色性直接染料、包含三偶氮、四偶氮化合物等之二色性直接染料、液晶性偶氮色素、多環式染料、具有磺酸基之(偶氮)染料。作為具體例,可例舉:C.I.直接.黃12、C.I.直接.黃28、C.I.直接.黃44、C.I.直接.黃142、C.I.直接.橙26、C.I.直接.橙39、C.I.直接.橙71、C.I.直接.橙107、C.I.直接.紅2、C.I.直接.紅31、C.I.直接.紅39、C.I.直接.紅79、C.I.直接.紅81、C.I.直接.紅117、C.I.直接.紅247、C.I.直接.綠80、C.I.直接.綠59、C.I.直接.藍1、C.I.直接.藍71、C.I.直接.藍78、C.I.直接.藍168、C.I.直接.藍202、C.I.直接.紫9、C.I.直接.紫51、C.I.直接.棕106、C.I.直接.棕223。又,根據目的,亦可使用WO2009/057676、WO2007/145210、WO2006/057214及日本專利特開2004-251963號公報揭示之用於偏光膜而開發之染料。該等染料可用作游離酸、或鹼金屬鹽(例如鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鋰鹽)、銨鹽、胺類之鹽。
PDLC層中之液晶化合物與二色性染料之總含有比率例如為20重量%~70重量%,較佳為40重量%~60重量%。一實施方式中,PDLC層中之二色性染料之含有比率相對於液晶化合物例如為0.1重量%~5重量%,較佳為0.5重量%~1重量%。
作為形成上述高分子基質之樹脂,可根據透光率、上述液晶化合物之折射率、與透明導電膜之密接力等適當地選擇。例如,可例舉聚胺酯系樹脂、聚乙烯醇系樹脂、聚乙烯系樹脂、聚丙烯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂等水溶性樹脂或水分散性樹脂及液晶聚合物、(甲基)丙烯酸系樹脂、矽酮系樹脂、環氧系樹脂、氟系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂等硬化型樹脂。其中,較佳可使用水溶性或水分散性聚胺酯系樹脂及丙烯酸系樹脂。
PDLC層中之高分子基質形成用樹脂之含有比率例如為30重量%~80重量%,較佳為40重量%~60重量%。
PDLC層之厚度例如為3 μm~30 μm,較佳為5 μm~20 μm。
A-1-4.調光層之製作方法
調光層可由任意合適之方法製作而成。作為具體例,可例舉乳液方式及聚合誘導相分離方式之製作方法。
乳液方式之調光層之製作方法例如包括:將包含高分子基質形成用樹脂、液晶化合物、及二色性染料之乳液塗佈液塗佈於一個透明導電膜之透明電極層表面,形成塗佈層;以及使該塗佈層乾燥,使該高分子基質形成用樹脂形成高分子基質。該乳液塗佈液較佳為以連續相包含高分子基質形成用樹脂、以分散相包含液晶化合物及二色性染料之乳液,例如,可為以連續相包含高分子基質形成用樹脂與塗佈溶劑(水、水性有機溶劑、或該等之混合液等)之混合液、以分散相包含液晶化合物及二色性染料之乳液。藉由塗佈經乳液化之塗佈液並使其乾燥,可形成具有如下構成之PDLC層,即,於高分子基質中分散有包含液晶化合物及二色性染料之液滴。就代表性而言,藉由於所形成之PDLC層上積層另一透明導電膜,可獲得調光層。
當使用上述乳液方式時,可藉由膜乳化法等,製作包含預先控制為特定粒徑及粒徑分佈之含有液晶化合物及二色性染料之膠囊(液晶膠囊)之液晶分散液,將該液晶分散液與高分子基質形成用樹脂混合以製備乳液塗佈液。根據膜乳化法,可製備包含具有特定粒徑且粒度分佈一致之液晶膠囊之液晶分散液。又,藉由使經乳化而預先粒子化之液晶化合物及二色性染料分散於高分子基質形成用樹脂中,可防止二色性染料溶解至高分子基質側,可獲得具有較高二色比之調光層。
上述膜乳化法中,藉由使液晶化合物及二色性染料與分散介質之混合液通過具有貫通孔之多孔膜複數次,可獲得包含具有所需粒徑之液晶膠囊之液晶分散液。通過多孔膜之次數例如可設為10次以上。多孔膜之孔徑較佳為液晶膠囊所需直徑之大約一倍~大約3倍左右。又,通過多孔膜時之分散液之流速例如可為10 ml/min/cm
2~150 ml/min/cm
2,較佳可為30 ml/min/cm
2~90 ml/min/cm
2。關於膜乳化法,具體可參照日本專利特開平4-355719號公報、日本專利特開2015-40994號公報(該等作為參考引用至本說明書中)等之內容。
聚合誘導相分離方式之調光層之製作方法例如包括:將包含放射線硬化型高分子基質形成用樹脂、液晶化合物、及二色性染料之塗佈液塗佈於一個透明導電膜之透明電極層面,形成塗佈層;於塗佈層上積層另一透明導電膜,形成積層體;以及藉由對該積層體照射放射線使高分子基質形成用樹脂聚合,使高分子基質與液晶化合物及二色性染料相分離。塗佈液較佳為均相狀態。或者,可於介隔間隔件而積層之一對透明導電膜之間填充塗佈液,其後,可藉由照射放射線進行相分離。
A-2.反射層
反射層反射從裝飾膜之視認側入射之光。反射層可具有透過性(即,反射層可為半透過性反射層)。
反射層之全光線反射率例如為50%以上,較佳為60%以上,更佳為70%~95%。
當反射層具有透過性時,其全光線反射率例如可為30%~60%,較佳可為40%~50%,又,全光線透過率例如可為40%~70%,較佳可為50%~60%。
作為反射層,可採用任意合適之構成。例如,反射層可為鏡面反射層,亦可為漫反射層。藉由使用鏡面反射層,可增加調光層為透明狀態與散射狀態時之裝飾膜之外觀變化。反射層之鏡面反射率例如可為25%以上,較佳可為40%~95%。又,藉由使用具有金屬光澤之反射層,可賦予裝飾膜之外觀金屬光澤感。
作為反射層之具體例,可例舉具有高反射率之樹脂片(例如,丙烯酸系樹脂板)、於鋁、不鏽鋼等金屬薄板或金屬箔、聚酯等之樹脂膜等基材蒸鍍鋁、銀等而形成之蒸鍍片、聚酯等之樹脂膜等基材與鋁等金屬箔之積層體、及內部形成有空隙(孔隙)之樹脂膜。
反射層之厚度可根據用途等適當地設定。反射層之厚度例如為20 μm~300 μm,較佳為30 μm~100 μm。
A-3.裝飾層
裝飾層包含色材以顯示所期望之顯示內容(例如設計、圖案、文字等)。裝飾層可為例如包含基質與混合於該基質中之色材之著色層、或印刷於基材膜之表面之至少一部分之印刷層。
裝飾層之全光線透過率例如為40%~90%,較佳為50%~90%,更佳為60%~90%。
作為色材,可根據裝飾層之顯示內容使用任意合適之色材。作為色材之具體例,可例舉蒽醌系、三苯甲烷系、萘醌系、硫靛藍系、芘酮系、苝系、方酸鎓系、花青系、卟啉系、氮雜卟啉系、酞菁系、亞酞菁系、醌茜系、聚次甲基系、玫瑰紅系、氧喏系、醌系、偶氮系、𠮿系、甲亞胺系、喹吖酮系、二㗁𠯤系、吡咯并吡咯二酮系、蒽吡啶酮系、異吲哚啉酮系、陰丹士林系、靛藍系、硫靛藍系、喹酞酮系、喹啉系、三苯甲烷系等染料。
又,可使用顏料作為色材。作為顏料之具體例,例如可例舉黑色顏料(碳黑、骨黑、石墨、鐵黑、鈦黑等)、偶氮系顏料、酞菁系顏料、多環式顏料(喹吖酮系、苝系、芘酮系、異吲哚啉酮系、異吲哚啉系、二㗁𠯤系、硫靛藍系、蒽醌系、喹酞酮系、金屬錯合物系、吡咯并吡咯二酮系等)、染料色澱系顏料、白色/體質顏料(氧化鈦、氧化鋅、硫化鋅、黏土、滑石、硫酸鋇、碳酸鈣等)、彩色顏料(鉻黃、鎘系、鉬鎘紅、鎳鈦、鉻鈦、黃氧化鐵、鐵丹、鉻酸鋅、鉛丹、群青、鐵藍、鈷藍、鉻綠、氧化鉻、釩酸鉍等)、光亮材料顏料(珍珠顏料、鋁顏料、青銅顏料等)、螢光顏料(硫化鋅、硫化鍶、鋁酸鍶等)等。
作為基質,較佳可例示樹脂膜。作為構成樹脂膜之樹脂,可使用任意合適之樹脂。具體而言,樹脂可為熱塑性樹脂,可為熱硬化性樹脂,亦可為活性能量射線硬化性樹脂。作為活性能量射線硬化性樹脂,可例舉電子束硬化型樹脂、紫外線硬化型樹脂、可見光線硬化型樹脂。作為樹脂之具體例,可例舉環氧樹脂、(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如,甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯)、降𦯉烯、聚乙烯、聚(乙烯醇縮丁醛)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、聚脲、聚胺基甲酸酯、胺基矽酮(AMS)、聚苯基甲基矽氧烷、聚苯基烷基矽氧烷、聚二苯基矽氧烷、聚二烷基矽氧烷、倍半矽氧烷、氟化矽酮、乙烯基及氫化物取代矽酮、苯乙烯系聚合物(例如,聚苯乙烯、胺基聚苯乙烯(APS)、聚(丙烯腈乙烯苯乙烯)(AES))、與二官能性單體交聯之聚合物(例如,二乙烯苯)、聚酯系聚合物(例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)、纖維素系聚合物(例如三乙醯纖維素)、氯乙烯系聚合物、醯胺系聚合物、醯亞胺系聚合物、乙烯醇系聚合物、環氧系聚合物、矽酮系聚合物、丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯系聚合物。該等可單獨使用,亦可組合使用(例如,摻合、共聚)。該等樹脂於成膜後可進行延伸、加熱、加壓等處理。
根據色材之類型、所需光吸收特性等,基質中之色材之調配比率可為任意合適之比率。相對於基質材料100重量份,色材之調配比率例如為0.01重量份~100重量份,更佳為0.01重量份~50重量份。
當基質為樹脂膜時,裝飾層經由例如黏著劑層或接著劑層貼合於調光層。或者,藉由將包含色材之硬化性樹脂組成物塗佈於調光層表面,使其硬化,可形成裝飾層。
當裝飾層為印刷層時,作為印刷方法,並無特別限定,例如,可例舉噴墨印刷、凹版印刷、膠版印刷、絲網印刷等。
作為印刷印刷層之基材膜,可例舉透明樹脂膜或上述基質為樹脂膜之著色層。又,可將構成調光層之透明導電膜用作基材膜。例如,可於調光層之外表面印刷裝飾層,可製作具有[印刷層/透明基材/透明電極層]之構成之透明導電膜並使用該透明導電膜製作調光層,等。進而,又,反射層可用作基材膜。
當裝飾膜包含視認側裝飾層與背面側裝飾層兩者時,該等之構成可相同亦可不同。
B.裝飾膜之用途
A項中記載之裝飾膜可貼附於製品、建材等任意場所,利用外部光發揮裝飾功能或顯示功能。又,當使用半透過反射層時,藉由與顯示器等組合,可發揮作為智慧鏡之功能。
[實施例]
以下,根據實施例具體說明本發明,但本發明並不受該等實施例任何限定。各特性之測定方法如下所述。又,若無特別說明,實施例及比較例中之「份」及「%」為重量基準。
(1)厚度
使用數位式測微計(日本安立公司製造、製品名「KC-351C」)進行測定。
(2)液晶分散液中之液晶膠囊之體積平均粒徑
於電解質水溶液(庫爾特公司製造、「ISOTON II」)200 ml中添加液晶分散液0.1重量%,以所得混合液為測定試樣,使用粒子計數器3(庫爾特公司製造、孔徑尺寸=20 μm),統計將測定試樣從0.4 μm至12 μm以對數基準等間隔地分割成256份而離散之每個粒徑之體積,算出體積平均粒徑。再者,當存在12 μm以上之粒子時,孔徑尺寸設為30 μm,統計將測定試樣從0.6 μm至18 μm以對數基準等間隔地分割成256份而離散之每個粒徑之體積,藉此算出體積平均粒徑。
(3)色相
使用分光光度計(Hitachi High-Tech Science公司製造、UH-4150)測定色相。測定各樣本之x、y,算出n=3之平均值。
(4)全光線透過率
根據JIS K 7136:2000,使用霧度計測定全光線透過率。
(5)全光線反射率
使用柯尼卡美能達公司製造之CM-26dg測定全光線反射率。
[實施例1]
(第1及第2透明導電膜)
藉由濺鍍法,於PET基材(厚度:50 μm)之單面形成ITO層,獲得具有[透明基材/透明電極層(表面電阻:100 Ω)]之構成之透明導電膜。
(製作液晶分散液)
將液晶化合物(1)50份、黃色之二色性染料(林原公司製造、製品名「G-470」)0.5份、純水49份、及分散劑(第一工業製藥公司製造、製品名「Noigen ET159」)0.5份混合,使用均質器以100 rpm攪拌10分鐘進行粗分散。於室溫以流速80 ml/min/cm
2之速度以從膜外通過至膜內之方式使粗分散液透過粒度分佈一致之分離膜(SPG公司製造、「SPG Pumping connector」、細孔徑5 μm)。實施10次該操作。所得液晶分散液中之液晶膠囊之體積平均粒徑為2.5 μm。
(製作乳液塗佈液)
將由上述膜乳化獲得之液晶分散液50份與胺基甲酸酯乳液溶液(楠木化成公司製造、製品名「NeoRez R967」、溶劑=水、固形物成分濃度40%)50份混合,製作乳液塗佈液。
(製作調光層)
將上述乳液塗佈液塗佈於第1透明導電膜之透明電極層側表面,於40℃進行乾燥,形成10 μm厚度之PDLC層(正常模式)。其後,以透明電極層側表面與PDLC層相對向之方式,將第2透明導電膜積層於PDLC層,藉此製作調光層。
(製作裝飾膜)
於具有[金屬光澤層/透明PET基材]之構成之鏡面膜(東麗公司製造、反射率:68%)之基材側表面進行紅色印刷,獲得附有印刷層之反射層。以印刷層側與調光層相對向之方式,經由丙烯酸系黏著劑層,將該附有印刷層之反射層貼合於調光層之背面側。藉此,獲得具有[調光層/印刷層(裝飾層)/反射層]之構成之裝飾膜。
對實施例中獲得之裝飾膜之各特性進行評估。結果示於表1。再者,所謂電壓施加狀態,係指使用NF迴路設計組塊公司製造之交流電源「EC750SA」對調光層施加30 V之交流電壓之狀態。
[表1]
實施例1 | ||
散射狀態 (電壓未施加狀態) | 反射率 | 7% |
色度x | 0.40 | |
色度y | 0.39 | |
顯示顏色 | 橙色 | |
透明狀態 (電壓施加狀態) | 反射率 | 56% |
色度x | 0.36 | |
色度y | 0.35 | |
顯示顏色 | 紅色 |
如表1所示,實施例之裝飾膜於施加電壓狀態與未施加電壓狀態下,色調發生顯著變化,呈現不同外觀。具體而言,於未施加電壓之不透明狀態(散射狀態)下,顯示印刷層引起之紅色與調光層顯色引起之黃色之混合色,裝飾膜呈現不透明之橙色。若於此處施加交流電壓,驅動調光層成為透明狀態,則反射層引起之金屬光澤與印刷層引起之紅色結合,裝飾膜呈現帶有光澤之紅色。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明之裝飾膜可較好地用作具有裝飾性之顯示介質等。
10:調光層
12:第1透明導電膜
12a:第1透明基材
12b:第1透明電極層
14:PDLC層
16:第2透明導電膜
16a:第2透明基材
16b:第2透明電極層
20:反射層
30:裝飾層
30a:視認側裝飾層
30b:背面側裝飾層
100:裝飾膜
100a:裝飾膜
100b:裝飾膜
100c:裝飾膜
圖1(a)~(c)分別係本發明之一實施方式之裝飾膜之概略剖視圖。
10:調光層
12:第1透明導電膜
12a:第1透明基材
12b:第1透明電極層
14:PDLC層
16:第2透明導電膜
16a:第2透明基材
16b:第2透明電極層
20:反射層
30:裝飾層
30a:視認側裝飾層
30b:背面側裝飾層
100a:裝飾膜
100b:裝飾膜
100c:裝飾膜
Claims (5)
- 一種裝飾膜,其包含:調光層,其從視認側依次具備第1透明導電膜、包含高分子基質及分散於該高分子基質中之含有液晶化合物與二色性染料之液滴之高分子分散型液晶層、及第2透明導電膜;以及 反射層,其設置於該調光層之與視認側相反之側。
- 如請求項1之裝飾膜,其中電壓未施加時之上述調光層之霧度為50%以上。
- 如請求項1或2之裝飾膜,其中電壓施加時之上述調光層之霧度為15%以下。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之裝飾膜,其於上述反射層之視認側進而包含裝飾層。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之裝飾膜,其中上述反射層之全光線反射率為50%以上。
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JP (1) | JP2022129506A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20230146545A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN116981987A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW202243892A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2022181407A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH04355719A (ja) | 1991-06-03 | 1992-12-09 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 液晶素子の製造方法 |
DE69223002T2 (de) * | 1991-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Technology Co Ag | Flüssigkristall-Anzeigeelement und dieses verwendende Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtung |
JPH0895011A (ja) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-12 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 液晶デバイス及びこれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
JPH0961801A (ja) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-03-07 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 光変調素子 |
WO1998044382A1 (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-10-08 | Fergason James L | Microencapsulated liquid crystal and a method and system for using same |
JP4360101B2 (ja) | 2003-02-18 | 2009-11-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 染料系偏光板 |
KR101156389B1 (ko) | 2004-11-24 | 2012-06-13 | 가부시키가이샤 폴라테크노 | 아조 화합물 및 그것들을 함유하는 염료계 편광막 또는편광판 |
CA2654868A1 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-21 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Azo compound and dye polarizing film containing the same |
TWI406907B (zh) | 2007-11-02 | 2013-09-01 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | 偶氮化合物及含有彼等之染料系偏光膜 |
JP6115955B2 (ja) | 2013-08-22 | 2017-04-19 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 液晶分散液の製造方法 |
JP2018066935A (ja) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光フィルム及びそれを用いた調光装置 |
JP2019157492A (ja) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | テント |
JP7286943B2 (ja) | 2018-10-24 | 2023-06-06 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 加飾フィルムおよび表示装置 |
TW202028437A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-08-01 | 日商捷恩智股份有限公司 | 液晶複合體及液晶調光元件 |
EP3839617B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-17 | 2024-06-26 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Dispositif d affichage à cristaux liquides |
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- 2022-02-16 KR KR1020237028399A patent/KR20230146545A/ko unknown
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- 2022-02-16 EP EP22759446.2A patent/EP4300177A1/en active Pending
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CN116981987A (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
WO2022181407A1 (ja) | 2022-09-01 |
US20240152015A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
KR20230146545A (ko) | 2023-10-19 |
JP2022129506A (ja) | 2022-09-06 |
EP4300177A1 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
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