TW202102661A - Fungus composite material structure and its preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

A fungus composite material structure and its preparation method, the structure comprises 70% to 98% organic waste with cellulose by weight, 1% to 20% mushroom fungi filaments by weight, and 1% to 10% natural auxiliaries by weight, thereby, the purpose of effectively recycling and improving the additional value of the waste can be achieved, in addition, the method for preparing the fungus composite material do not use any petrochemical bonded fibers, the finished product made by pure natural technology has lower energy consumption and zero waste than other competitive products.

Description

Fungus composite material structure and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to the technical field of a fungus composite material; in particular, it refers to a fungus composite material structure and a preparation method thereof.

The output value of Taiwan's mushrooms reached NT$10 billion in 2018 and is an important food crop in Taiwan. It is estimated that at present Taiwan needs at least 400 million mushroom cultivation space bags a year. These mushroom cultivation space contains plastic bags and the cultivation medium filling them. Most of the cultivation medium is sawdust. Due to the lack of natural forests in Taiwan Resources, therefore, most of the wood chips are imported from abroad. With the rapid development of the industry, the supply of wood chips is gradually shrinking, resulting in the increase of wood chip prices and the indirect impact of climate warming.

Under the large-scale cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, the problem of disposal of a large number of discarded space bags followed. Due to the high price of discarded space bags, the mushroom farmers had to stack the discarded space bags in the mushroom house, and even some mushroom farmers. Random disposal, burning, burying, etc... these not only cannot be effectively reused, but also carbon dioxide is generated after the burning of the discarded space bag, which causes environmental pollution.

Please refer to Figure 1. Mushroom cultivation space bag 10 is currently the cultivation method with the highest proportion of the mushroom cultivation industry. The cultivation medium of Mushroom Cultivation Space Bag 10 is mostly made of hardwood sawdust mixed with other auxiliary materials, filled into the plastic bag, and then planted with bacteria. The most suitable source of hardwood sawdust is acacia trees aged 7 to 8 years. In order to balance the cost, sawdust from other broad-leaved forest species will be mixed. Mushroom growers harvest in turn according to the cultivation order and batches. The number of fruiting and harvesting times for each mushroom cultivation space bag varies according to the type of mushroom. After the mushrooms are harvested, the plastic bag containing the cultivation medium and the internal cultivation medium are often regarded as waste.

Taiwan’s mushrooms, which have the largest production value of mushrooms, produce about 220 million mushroom cultivation space bags 10 a year, and because a mushroom cultivation space bag 10 will go through multiple fruiting and harvesting, the medium in the waste mushroom bags Both the moisture content and the degree of corruption are high, which causes the media to stick to the plastic bag and it is difficult to clean. The cotton in the bag must be manually removed. The processing procedure is cumbersome. Therefore, the plastic recycling industry is willing to remove the waste mushroom bag. Relatively low, which limits the possibility of reuse, and is usually handed over to the composting industry for subsequent processing. However, its actual use of compost has the following disadvantages:

First, most of the waste mushroom buns are large in quantity and concentrated in the production season. If they are to be used as compost, they will need a large piece of land for stacking. Taiwan's mushroom industry settlements are often located in water conservation areas. The land is expensive and environmentally friendly. According to relevant laws and regulations, it is impossible to set up a large-scale composting plant. The discarded mushroom bags must be transported out by trucks. The transportation fee model adopts the clearing freight for each vehicle. In the non-production season, the composting plant and the transportation industry will have no stable profit. In the season, indigestion will occur again, creating a dilemma.

Second, the current sales volume of compost products is relatively small compared to the amount of mushroom bag input, and the composting yards are mostly far away from the fertilizer-requiring area. Small transportation cannot amortize the cost, plus organic fertilizer. The fertility is not as good as chemical fertilizer, and it is still difficult to produce mature industrial economic benefits.

Third, if the waste mushroom bag is used as compost, poultry manure needs to be added due to insufficient fertilizer, but it still takes space and time to ferment, and will produce peculiar smell.

Due to the large output of the waste mushroom bag, the recycling process is complicated, the disposal consumes space and time, and the processing volume is insufficient. The waste mushroom bag is not fully utilized. If a method of recycling and effective utilization can be developed, the problem of the waste mushroom bag can be properly dealt with. Using agricultural waste as a medium for mushroom cultivation to replace the source of sawdust will reduce production costs and increase the added value of waste.

Therefore, how to solve the above-mentioned problems and deficiencies is the direction that the creators of the present invention and related industries engaged in this direction urgently want to study and improve.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fungal composite material structure and its preparation method, which is mainly for the purpose of effective recycling and improving the added value of waste. In addition, the preparation method of the fungal composite material of the present invention does not use any petrochemical products to bind fibers. Method, and the use of pure natural technology to produce finished products and products sold on the market have market segmentation and value proposition, and the production process has lower energy consumption and zero waste effect than other competitive products.

The reason is that, in order to achieve the foregoing objective, a fungal composite material structure provided according to the present invention includes:

A. 70-98 weight percent of organic waste with cellulose;

B. 1-20% by weight of mushroom fungal mycelium; and

C. 1-10 weight percent of natural additives.

Preferably, the organic waste includes agricultural organic waste, livestock organic waste, textile organic waste or food organic waste.

Preferably, the natural auxiliary agent is any one or a combination of starch, rice bran, vermicelli, shell of bivalve species, and alginate.

Preferably, the mushroom fungal mycelium is an edible fungus, gusset fungus, non-gusset fungus, abdominal fungus, glial fungus, or ascomycete.

Preferably, the structure of the fungal composite material is such that the organic waste, the mushroom fungal mycelium, and the natural additives are mixed and stirred, and then steam sterilized by passing water vapor into the sterilizer to increase the temperature. To 100°C for 4 hours, and then inject into a thermoplastic mold, and then inoculate a certain proportion of a mushroom fungus liquid into the thermoplastic mold, cultivate in a dark room without light and maintain a well-ventilated, relative humidity between The hyphae are grown in an environment of 85%-95% and the temperature is between 15-35°C, and then heated to 100°C for a period of time to remove excess water and stop the growth of the fungus. The technology produces a three-dimensional block.

Preferably, the thermoplastic mold is made of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon (Nylon), and polylactic acid (Polylactic Acid). , PLA), Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Thermoplastic rubber materials (Thermo-Plastic-Rubber material, TPR), or thermoplastic elastomer (Thermo-Plastic elastomer, abbreviation: TPE).

In addition, another specific embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing a fungal composite material, wherein the steps of the method include:

A mixing step: in an environment where the air humidity is between 65%-95% and the pH value is between 5-6, 70-98% by weight of organic waste with cellulose and 1-20% by weight of mushrooms The fungus-like mycelium and 1-10 weight percent of natural additives are uniformly mixed and stirred;

A sterilization step: the product after the mixing step is subjected to steam sterilization, steam is introduced into the sterilization kettle, and the temperature is raised to 100°C for 4 hours;

An injection step: inject the product after the sterilization step into a thermoplastic mold;

A cooling step: the thermoplastic mold is naturally cooled to room temperature and then sealed, and a plurality of air holes and a fungal liquid injection hole are retained, and the plurality of air holes and the fungal liquid injection hole are filled with cotton plug;

An inoculation step: through the fungal liquid injection hole, inoculate a predetermined mushroom fungus liquid into the thermoplastic mold in a certain proportion;

A culture step: the thermoplastic mold after the inoculation step is cultured in a dark room without light and maintained in a well-ventilated environment with a relative humidity of 85%-95% and a temperature of 15-35°C to grow bacteria Silk; and

A heating step: the product after the cultivation step is heated at 100°C for 10 minutes to remove excess water and stop the growth of fungi. Finally, a three-dimensional block is made by the hot pressing technique.

Preferably, in the mixing step, the organic waste includes agricultural organic waste, livestock organic waste, textile organic waste, or food organic waste.

Preferably, in the mixing step, the mushroom fungal mycelium is an edible fungus, fold fungus, non-fold fungus, abdominal fungus, glial fungus, or ascomycete.

Preferably, in the mixing step, the natural adjuvant is any one or a combination of starch, rice bran, powdered head, shell of bivalve species, and alginate.

Accordingly, the present invention is characterized in that organic waste is used as the cultivation medium for mushroom cultivation (ie, mushroom cultivation space bag), and the cultivation medium content includes organic rice stalks, bamboo chips, coffee grounds, bagasse, vegetable and fruit pomace, and Food waste, etc., in order to replace the use of wood chips and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, so that the invention can not only produce mushrooms, but also reuse the discarded cultivation medium to derive new products to improve the resource utilization rate of organic waste. , It can also reduce the total amount of composting and achieve the purpose of establishing a recycling mechanism.

In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following examples are given. And with the attached drawings, the detailed description is as follows.

The foregoing and other technical content, features, and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings.

Please refer to Figures 2 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fungal composite material structure. The fungal composite material structure 100 can be a variety of three-dimensional blocks. FIG. 3 is an example of a flower pot, and FIG. 4 is an example. As an example of wine bottle packaging materials, Figure 5 is an example of decorative arts, but not limited to this. Among them, the fungal composite material structure includes:

A. 70-98% by weight of organic waste 20 with cellulose. In this embodiment, the organic waste 20 includes agricultural organic waste, livestock organic waste, textile organic waste, or food organic waste; Agricultural organic wastes such as cereal wastes (such as rice, wheat, corn, millet and other miscellaneous grains), organic plant residues (such as grasses, bean residues, peanut shells, linseed, rice bran, bran, distiller’s grains, etc.) Rapeseed, cotton, cottonseed, coffee grounds, tea grounds, banana leaves, bamboo chips, wood chips, bagasse, Chinese herbal medicine, algae, etc.) and mushroom cultivation waste bags and bark, gardens and street trees and other wastes; livestock organic waste Including animal excrement, animal carcasses, surplus feed and bedding; textile organic waste includes woven textiles derived from natural or animal fiber raw materials (such as cotton, hemp, rayon, silk, animal hair, etc.); food organic waste Including food waste from food factories, daily food waste from markets, food waste from schools and restaurants, and household food waste.

B. 1-20% by weight of mushroom fungal mycelium 30. In this embodiment, the mushroom fungal mycelium 30 is an edible fungus Pleurotus eryngii as an example, but it is not limited to this , Or fold fungus, non-fold fungus, abdominal fungus, glial fungus, or ascomycete; this edible fungus includes shiitake mushrooms, black fungus, enoki mushroom, coral mushroom, oyster mushroom, pocket mushroom, and cicada that are easily available on the market Flower, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria, Antrodia, Phellinus igniarius, Polyporus, Lei Wan, etc.; the fold fungus is a large basidiomycete, and its main feature is its layered fold shape, and its appearance is mostly like a small fleshy umbrella , Generally called soft mushrooms or umbrellas, such as shiitake mushrooms; non-fold fungi are large basidiomycetes, but their seed layers are not pleated, usually fan-shaped, with hard texture, such as Ganoderma lucidum; abdominal fungi are spores wrapped In the "abdomen", it is like a ghost pen; glial fungi become gelatinous and separated by basidiomycetes when wet, such as jelly fungi such as fungus and white fungus; ascomycete spores grow in ascus, such as Cordyceps sinensis. The mushroom fungal mycelium 30 is composed of many hyphae. The mold hyphae are loosely meshed, and the mushrooms are organized into a solid structure. The hyphae are generally cotton-like, and they are long tubular cells under the microscope. The inside is full of cytoplasm, and the outside is surrounded by a cell wall. The cell wall is composed of chitin, cellulose polysaccharides, protein, lipids and other components.

C. 1-10% by weight of natural additives 40. In this embodiment, the natural additives 40 are starch, rice bran, powder head, shell of bivalve species, alginate, or any combination thereof.

The amount of ingredients used in each embodiment of the present invention is shown in Table 1 below: Table I Organic waste 20 Mushroom fungus mycelium 30 Natural additives 40 The first embodiment 90% 5% 5% Second embodiment 80% 10% 10% The third embodiment 85% 10% 5% Fourth embodiment 75% 15% 10% Fifth embodiment 70% 20% 10% Sixth embodiment 98% 1% 1%

The fungus composite material structure 100 of the present invention is an environment where the air humidity is between 65%-95% and the pH value is between 5-6, the organic waste 20 and the mushroom fungus mycelium 30 After the natural additives 40 are uniformly mixed and stirred, steam sterilization is used to pass water vapor into the sterilization kettle to increase the temperature to 100°C for 4 hours, and then inject it into a sterilized thermoplastic mold ( (Not shown in the figure), the thermoplastic mold can be a mold made by 3D printing technology in various shapes, and then a mushroom fungus liquid is inoculated into the thermoplastic mold in a certain proportion. The mushroom fungus liquid is for example Pleurotus eryngii is an example, but it is not limited to this, or shiitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, etc. The mushroom fungus liquid is adjusted according to the size of the thermoplastic mold, and the inoculation ratio is adjusted according to the size of the thermoplastic mold. In this embodiment, 75 mL of the mushroom fungus liquid Inoculate in the thermoplastic mold with a volume of 10 liters as an example for culture, the volume is not limited; then the culture is cultured in a dark room without light and maintained in a well-ventilated, relative humidity between 85%-95% and a temperature between 15-35°C To grow mycelium in a medium environment, the number of culture days is 9 days, but it is not limited, as long as it is between 7-21 days, so that the mycelium combines natural fibers to form interconnected mycelial cells The network is heated to 100°C for a period of time (10 minutes in this example) to remove excess water and stop the growth of fungi. Finally, a three-dimensional block is made by hot pressing technology, in which the thermoplastic mold Take Polypropylene (PP) as an example, but not as a limitation, or polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon (Nylon), Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ), Thermo-Plastic-Rubber material (TPR) and Thermo-Plastic elastomer (TPE) and other related thermoplastic materials.

The above is the configuration description of the main components of the embodiment of the present invention. As for the efficacy of the present invention, the description is as follows.

Accordingly, the present invention is characterized in that organic waste is used as the cultivation medium for mushroom cultivation (ie, mushroom cultivation space bag), and the cultivation medium content includes organic rice stalks, bamboo chips, coffee grounds, bagasse, vegetable and fruit pomace, and Food waste, etc., in order to replace the use of wood chips and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, so that the invention can not only produce mushrooms, but also reuse the discarded cultivation medium to derive new products to improve the resource utilization rate of organic waste. , It can also reduce the total amount of composting and achieve the purpose of establishing a recycling mechanism.

In addition, the cell walls of mushrooms and fungi contain chitin, which is reported in the international literature as the largest amount of ampolysaccharides in nature. It has biological activity, biological identity, biodegradability, bioadhesion, and non-toxicity. , No side effects and other characteristics, therefore, the present invention not only gives the advantages of environmental protection, when buried in the environment, it will be decomposed by microorganisms and return to nature.

Furthermore, the present invention uses polysaccharide polymer technology to bind the natural fibers of the organic waste 20, which can be filled in an arbitrary 3D three-dimensional mold with manpower to derive new products (such as the potted plant shown in Figure 3, The packaging material for wine bottles shown in Figure 4 and the decorative art products shown in Figure 5), the thermoplastic mold can be made using 3D printing technology to achieve the characteristics of diversified production, and the fungal composite material structure 100 is characterized by no plastic and has Natural antibacterial and 100% naturally decomposable advantages, so it can achieve more environmentally friendly and cost-saving effects.

As for the preparation method of the fungal composite material of the present invention, please refer to the following description. Before presenting a detailed description, it should be noted that in the following description, similar elements are denoted by the same numbers.

Please refer to Figures 2 and 6, the method for preparing the fungal composite material of the embodiment of the present invention mainly consists of a mixing step 51, a sterilization step 52, an injection step 53, a cooling step 54, an inoculation step 55, a The cultivation step 56 and a heating step 57 are completed, in which:

The mixing step 51: in an environment where the air humidity is between 65%-95% and the pH value is between 5-6, 70-98% by weight of organic waste with cellulose 20, 1-20% by weight The mushroom fungus mycelium 30 and 1-10 weight percent natural additives 40 are uniformly mixed and stirred; in this embodiment, the organic waste 20 includes agricultural organic waste, animal husbandry organic waste, and textile organic waste Or food organic waste; the mushroom fungus mycelium 30 is edible fungi, pleura fungi, non-fold fungi, abdominal fungi, glial fungi, or ascomycetes; the natural additives 40 are starch, rice bran, and powder , Any one or a combination of shells and alginates of bivalve species.

The sterilization step 52: the product after the mixing step 51 is subjected to a steam sterilization method, and steam is introduced into the sterilization kettle to increase the temperature to 100° C. for 4 hours.

The injection step 53: inject the product after the sterilization step 52 into a thermoplastic mold (not shown in the figure). The thermoplastic mold uses Polypropylene (PP) as an example, but is not limited to this, or Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon (Nylon), polylactic acid (PLA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate ( Polycarbonate, PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Thermo-Plastic-Rubber material (TPR) and Thermo-plastic elastomer (Thermo- Plastic elastomer, referred to as: TPE) and other related thermoplastic materials.

The cooling step 54: the thermoplastic mold is naturally cooled to room temperature and then sealed, and a plurality of ventilation holes and a fungal liquid injection hole are retained, and the plurality of ventilation holes and the fungal liquid injection hole are filled with cotton plug.

The inoculation step 55: through the fungal liquid injection hole, inoculate a certain proportion of a mushroom fungus liquid into the thermoplastic mold. The mushroom fungus liquid is an example of Pleurotus eryngii, but it is not limited to this. Or mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes, etc., and the mushroom fungus liquid is adjusted according to the size of the thermoplastic mold. In this embodiment, 75 mL of the mushroom fungus liquid is inoculated into the thermoplastic mold with a volume of 10 liters as an example. Cultivation, the volume size is not limited.

The cultivation step 56: the thermoplastic mold after the inoculation step 55 is cultivated in a dark room without light and maintained in a well-ventilated environment with a relative humidity of 85%-95% and a temperature of 15-35°C. Grow hyphae, so that the hyphae will combine natural fibers to form a network of interconnected mycelial cells; in this embodiment, the number of culture days is 9 days as an example, but it is not limited by this, as long as it is between 7-21 days That's it.

The heating step 57: the product after the culture step 56 is heated at 100°C for 10 minutes to remove excess water and stop the growth of the fungus, and finally the fungal composite material is made into a three-dimensional shape by a hot pressing technique The three-dimensional block, as shown in Figure 3, is an example of a flowerpot potted plant, as shown in Figure 4 is an example of wine bottle packaging materials, as shown in Figure 5 is an example of decorative arts Take it as an example, but not as a limitation.

In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments and drawings are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. When they cannot be used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall belong to This invention patent covers the scope.

﹝Used ﹞ 10: Mushroom cultivation space bag ﹝this invention﹞ 100: Fungal composite structure 20: Organic waste 30: Mushroom fungus mycelium 40: Natural additives 51: mixing steps 52: Sterilization step 53: Injection step 54: Cooling step 55: Vaccination steps 56: Cultivation steps 57: heating step

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the use of the conventional mushroom cultivation space bag. Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram (1) of the use of the embodiment of the present invention, showing that the discarded cultivation medium can be reused to form a potted plant. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (2) of the use of the embodiment of the present invention, showing that the discarded cultivation medium can be reused to form a wine bottle packaging material. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram (3) of the use of the embodiment of the present invention, showing that the discarded cultivation medium can be reused to form a decorative art product. Fig. 6 is a step diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

100: Fungal composite structure

20: Organic waste

30: Mushroom fungus mycelium

40: Natural additives

Claims (10)

A fungus composite material structure, including: A. 70-98 weight percent of organic waste with cellulose; B. 1-20% by weight of mushroom fungal mycelium; and C. 1-10 weight percent of natural additives. The fungal composite material structure according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste includes agricultural organic waste, livestock organic waste, textile organic waste, or food organic waste. The fungal composite material structure according to claim 1, wherein the natural auxiliary agent is any one or a combination of starch, rice bran, powder head, shell of a bivalve species, and alginate. The fungal composite material structure according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom fungal mycelium is an edible fungus, fold fungus, non-fold fungus, abdominal fungus, glial fungus, or ascomycete. The fungal composite material structure according to claim 1, wherein the fungal composite material structure is that the organic waste, the mushroom fungal mycelium, and the natural additives are mixed and stirred, and then steam sterilized in a sterilizer Inject water vapor into the interior to raise the temperature to 100°C for 4 hours, then inject it into a thermoplastic mold, and then inoculate a certain proportion of a mushroom fungus liquid into the thermoplastic mold, and cultivate in a dark room without light and maintain Grow mycelium in a well-ventilated environment with a relative humidity of 85%-95% and a temperature of 15-35°C, and then heat to 100°C for a period of time to remove excess water and stop the fungus It grows, and finally a three-dimensional block is made by the technology of hot pressing. The fungal composite material structure according to claim 4, wherein the thermoplastic mold is polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon ( Nylon), Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyvinyl Chloride (Polyvinyl) Chloride, PVC), Thermo-Plastic-Rubber material (TPR), or Thermo-Plastic elastomer (TPE). A method for preparing a fungal composite material, wherein the steps of the method include: A mixing step: in an environment where the air humidity is between 65%-95% and the pH value is between 5-6, 70-98% by weight of organic waste with cellulose and 1-20% by weight of mushrooms The fungus-like mycelium and 1-10 weight percent of natural additives are uniformly mixed and stirred; A sterilization step: perform steam sterilization on the product after the mixing step, and pass water vapor into the sterilizer to increase the temperature to 100°C for 4 hours; An injection step: inject the product after the sterilization step into a thermoplastic mold; A cooling step: the thermoplastic mold is naturally cooled to room temperature and then sealed, and a plurality of ventilation holes and a fungal liquid injection hole are retained, and the plurality of ventilation holes and the fungal liquid injection hole are filled with cotton plug; An inoculation step: through the fungal liquid injection hole, inoculate a certain proportion of a mushroom fungus liquid into the thermoplastic mold; A culture step: the thermoplastic mold after the inoculation step is cultured in a dark room without light and maintained in a well-ventilated environment with a relative humidity of 85%-95% and a temperature of 15-35°C to grow bacteria Silk; and A heating step: the product after the cultivation step is heated at 100°C for 10 minutes to remove excess water and stop the growth of the fungus, and finally the fungus composite material is made into a three-dimensional block through the technology of hot pressing. body. The method for preparing a fungal composite material according to claim 7, wherein in the mixing step, the organic waste includes agricultural organic waste, livestock organic waste, textile organic waste, or food organic waste. The method for preparing a fungal composite material according to claim 7, wherein in the mixing step, the mushroom fungus mycelium is an edible fungus, a fold fungus, a non-fold fungus, a abdominal fungus, a glial fungus, or an ascomycete. The method for preparing a fungal composite material according to claim 7, wherein in the mixing step, the natural adjuvant is any one or a combination of starch, rice bran, powder head, shell of a bivalve species, and alginate.

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