TW201934208A - 保護膜形成方法 - Google Patents

保護膜形成方法 Download PDF

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TW201934208A
TW201934208A TW107142374A TW107142374A TW201934208A TW 201934208 A TW201934208 A TW 201934208A TW 107142374 A TW107142374 A TW 107142374A TW 107142374 A TW107142374 A TW 107142374A TW 201934208 A TW201934208 A TW 201934208A
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Taiwan
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gas
protective film
forming
source gas
film
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TW107142374A
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TWI820059B (zh
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塚澤尚悟
蕭志翔
石田雅史
高橋豐
遠藤篤史
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日商東京威力科創股份有限公司
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    • H01L21/0226Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
    • H01L21/02263Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
    • H01L21/02271Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
    • H01L21/02274Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
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    • H01L21/02216Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

提供一種保護膜形成方法。在該方法中,在基板表面中形成的相鄰凹陷形狀之間的平坦表面區域上沉積有機金屬化合物或有機擬金屬化合物的氧化物膜。然後,藉由蝕刻去除沉積在平坦表面區域上的氧化物膜之側面部分。

Description

保護膜形成方法
本發明關於一種保護膜形成方法。
以往,如揭示於日本公開專利申請案第2010-103242號公開案已知一種製造具有形成於LOCOS(矽局部氧化反應)氧化物膜中的溝槽之半導體設備之方法。在該方法中,LOCOS氧化物膜形成於矽層的表面,及藉由將雜質植入矽層內而在矽層中形成雜質區域。在那之後,在矽層上沉積SiN層及SiO2層,及藉由光微影法及蝕刻在SiN層及SiO2層中選擇性地形成開口。藉由使用SiN層及SiO2層作為光罩而在LOCOS氧化物膜及矽層中形成溝槽。
在此之際,近年隨著小型化的發展,已越來越難以在準確位置處、於所期望標靶材料中於形成接觸孔。更且,越來越難以製造用以形成與標靶具有相同大小的接觸孔之光罩。為了避免這些問題,即若有對準誤差,必須形成防止除了所期望蝕刻部分外的部分被蝕刻的保護膜,但由於微影準確度的限制,很難區域性地上留下這樣的保護膜。為了解決這些問題,期望有一種以自我對齊方式只於期望位置處形成保護膜之方法。
日本公開專利申請案第2017-120884號公開案揭示一種保護膜形成方法,用於在多個諸如溝槽的凹陷形狀間的區域上選擇性地形成保護膜,如沒有使用微影法下區域性地形成保護膜之方法。在日本公開專利申請案第2017-120884號公開案所揭示的保護膜形成方法中,在其中源氣體未流入凹部內的狀態下高速轉動旋轉台的同時進行原子層沉積(ALD),藉此只在其中不形成凹部但具有平坦表面之區域上區域性地沉積薄膜並形成保護膜。因 而,在沒有使用微影法下可以形成保護膜,及預期成為一種可以充分做到小型化之技術。
然而,當期望將保護膜厚度做得更厚時,若重複膜沉積程序,保護膜不僅向上而還側向地生長,並易於形成為覆蓋部分的凹部開口。更且,為了做到未來進一步的小型化,期望一種用於調整保護膜的形狀之方法。
本發明之具體實例提供了一種保護膜形成方法,能夠調整保護膜的形狀及使保護膜向上長厚。
根據具體實例,提供了一種保護膜形成方法。在該方法中,在基板表面中形成的相鄰凹陷形狀之間的平坦表面區域上沉積有機金屬化合物或有機擬金屬化合物的氧化物膜。然後,藉由蝕刻去除沉積在平坦表面區域上的氧化物膜的側面部分。
值得注意還有上述組成的隨意組合,及在本發明中在方法、設備、系統等之中所作的表述的任何替換,依本發明具體實例係有效的。
1‧‧‧真空室
2‧‧‧旋轉台
4‧‧‧凸部
5‧‧‧突出部
7‧‧‧加熱器單元
7a‧‧‧覆蓋構件
10‧‧‧外部傳送臂
11‧‧‧頂板
11a‧‧‧開口
12‧‧‧室體
12a‧‧‧突出部
13‧‧‧密封件
14‧‧‧底部
15‧‧‧傳送埠
20‧‧‧箱體
21‧‧‧核心單元
22‧‧‧轉軸
23‧‧‧驅動單元
24‧‧‧凹部
31、32、33‧‧‧反應氣體噴嘴
31a、32a、33a、41a、42a‧‧‧氣體引入埠
35‧‧‧氣體排出孔
41、42‧‧‧分離氣體噴嘴
42h‧‧‧氣體排出孔
43‧‧‧槽部
44‧‧‧平坦低頂表面
45‧‧‧平坦高頂表面;高頂板
46‧‧‧外彎曲部
50‧‧‧空間
51‧‧‧分離氣體供應管
52‧‧‧空間
60‧‧‧犧牲膜
61‧‧‧有機鈦化合物的分子層
62‧‧‧保護膜
71‧‧‧環形覆蓋構件
71a‧‧‧內構件
71b‧‧‧外構件
72、73‧‧‧吹掃氣供應管
80‧‧‧電漿產生器
81‧‧‧框架構件
81a‧‧‧密封件
81b‧‧‧凸出部
81c‧‧‧推動構件
82‧‧‧法拉第屏蔽板
82a‧‧‧支撐部
82s‧‧‧狹縫
83‧‧‧絕緣板
85‧‧‧線圈天線
85a‧‧‧豎立部
85b‧‧‧支撐部
86‧‧‧匹配箱
87‧‧‧射頻電源
100‧‧‧控制器
101‧‧‧記憶單元
102‧‧‧記錄媒體
110、111、112‧‧‧管件
120、121、122‧‧‧流量控制器;流率控制器
130‧‧‧源氣體供應源
131‧‧‧氧化氣體(H2O、H2O2、O2或O3)供應源
132‧‧‧蝕刻氣體供應源
481‧‧‧右側空間
482‧‧‧左側空間
610‧‧‧第一排氣埠
620‧‧‧第二排氣埠
630‧‧‧排氣管
640‧‧‧真空泵
650‧‧‧壓力控制器
C‧‧‧中央區域
D‧‧‧分離區域
E1‧‧‧第一排氣區域
E2‧‧‧第二排氣區域
H‧‧‧分離空間
h1‧‧‧高度
Me‧‧‧蝕刻氣體的分子
Mo‧‧‧H2O2分子
Mt‧‧‧有機鈦化合物的分子
P1‧‧‧第一處理區;源氣體吸附作用區域
P2‧‧‧第二處理區
P3‧‧‧第三處理區
PL‧‧‧電漿
T‧‧‧溝槽
U‧‧‧晶圓W的表面
W‧‧‧晶圓
t0、t1、t2、t3、t4、t5、t6、t7‧‧‧時間
V1、V2‧‧‧轉速
圖1為根據本發明具體實例之膜沉積裝置之示意截面視圖;圖2為說明於圖1所述的膜沉積裝置的真空室的內部結構之示意透視圖;圖3為說明於圖1所述的膜沉積裝置的真空室的內部結構之示意俯視圖;圖4為沿著於圖1所述的膜沉積裝置的旋轉台的同心圓截取的真空室之局部截面視圖;圖5為於圖1所述的膜沉積裝置之另一示意截面視圖;圖6為於圖1所述的膜沉積裝置中提供的電漿產生器之示意截面視圖;圖7為於圖1所述的膜沉積裝置中提供的電漿產生器之另一示意截面視圖; 圖8為說明於圖1所述的膜沉積裝置中提供的電漿產生器之示意俯視圖;圖9A至9F為用於描述根據本發明具體實例的保護膜形成方法之向上生長程序之實例的圖示;圖10為顯示根據本發明具體實例的保護膜形成方法之可適用的源氣體之實例的表;圖11A至11C為說明在根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法的蝕刻程序中一系列程序之實例的圖示;圖12為說明根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法之實例的順序圖示;圖13為說明當在根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法中過度進行蝕刻時之保護膜之圖示;圖14A至14C為說明根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法之犧牲膜形成程序之實例的圖示;圖15為說明根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法之實例之順序圖示;圖16為顯示在進行向上生長程序後的操作實例1的結果之視圖;圖17為顯示在進行蝕刻程序後的操作實例1的結果之視圖;圖18A及18B為顯示操作實例2的結果之視圖;及圖19A及19B為顯示操作實例3的結果之視圖。
本發明具體實例參考隨附圖式說明如下。
[膜沉積裝置]
首先,用於進行根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法之膜沉積裝置說明如下。根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以藉由各種膜沉積裝置來進行,只要欲供應至基板的氣體類型可以快速切換即可,且膜沉積裝置的形式不限於特定形式。於此,可以於高速下切換供應至基板的氣體類型之膜沉積裝置的實例說明如下。
參考圖1至3,膜沉積裝置包括具有實質上平坦圓形狀的真空室1及具有與真空室1的中心共有的中心的旋轉台2。真空室1為在其中含有的的晶圓表 面上進行膜沉積程序之處理室。真空室1包括具有圓柱形與底表面之室體12,及放置在室體12的上表面上之頂板11。頂板11經由諸如O形環的密封件13(圖1)氣密地並可拆離地放置在室體12上。
旋轉台2於它的中央部固定至圓柱形的核心單元21。核心單元21固定至在垂直方向延伸的轉軸22的上端。轉軸22設置成貫穿真空室1的底部14且它的下端接到驅動單元23,驅動單元23使轉軸22(圖1)繞垂直軸旋轉。轉軸22及驅動單元23係容納在其上表面係開放的管狀箱體20內。箱體20經由設置於其上表面的凸緣部與真空室1的底部14的下表面氣密地連接,以使得箱體20的內部氣氛與外部大氣隔離。
雖稍後詳述,在根據本發明具體實例的保護膜形成方法中,以120rpm或更高的高速轉動旋轉台2,例如,以120至300rpm範圍的預定高速。因而,驅動單元23配置成能夠以至少在120至300rpm範圍的高速轉動旋轉台2。在通常膜沉積程序中,在許多情況下旋轉台2的轉速設定於20至30rpm的範圍。
雖稍後詳述,根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法可包括於低於120rpm的速度下,諸如60rpm,轉動旋轉台2的程序。因此,旋轉台2還配置成能夠於低速下轉動。
圖2及圖3為說明真空室1的內部結構之圖示。頂板11於圖2及圖3中未示出以用於說明目的。
如於圖2及圖3所示,複數個(在這情況下為5個)圓形凹部24沿著藉由箭頭A說明的轉動方向(圓周方向)設置在旋轉台2的頂面,分別用於支持複數個半導體晶圓(在下文中其將簡稱為“晶圓”)W。在此,出於說明目的,於圖3中示出了單個晶圓W被放置在凹部24中的一個中。每個凹部24形成為具有略大於(例如,大4mm)晶圓W的直徑(例如,300mm),及實質上等於晶圓W的厚度之深度。因而,當晶圓W被安裝在凹部24中時,晶圓W的表面及旋轉台2的表面(其中未裝載晶圓W)變成幾乎相同的高度。每個凹部24具有,例如,三個穿通孔(於圖式中未示出)、用於支撐晶圓W的背面並升降晶圓W之升降銷(lift pins)(於圖式中未示出),其通過穿通孔貫穿。
如於圖2及3所示,反應氣體噴嘴31、反應氣體噴嘴32、反應氣體噴嘴33及分離氣體噴嘴41與42(其由石英製成)例如設置在旋轉台2上方。於圖3 中所述之實例中,反應氣體噴嘴33、分離氣體噴嘴41、反應氣體噴嘴31、分離氣體噴嘴42、及反應氣體噴嘴32按這順序從傳送埠15(其將稍後解釋)依順時針方向(如藉由圖3中箭頭A所示的旋轉台2的轉動方向)在真空室1的圓周方向上排列,其間具有空間。氣體引入埠31a、32a、33a、41a、及42a(圖3)(其分別為噴嘴31、32、33、41、及42的基部)固定至室體12的外圍壁,以使得這些噴嘴31、32、33、41、及42從真空室1的外圍壁引入真空室1內,沿徑向方向延伸且平行於旋轉台2的表面。
如於圖3所示,在這具體實例中,反應氣體噴嘴31經由管件110、流量控制器120等連結至源氣體供應源130。反應氣體噴嘴32經由管件111、流量控制器121等連結至氧化氣體(H2O、H2O2、O2或O3)供應源131。此外,反應氣體噴嘴33經由管件112、流量控制器122等連結至蝕刻氣體供應源132。可使用包括基於氟的氣體,諸如CF4、C2F6、CH3F、CH3F、CHF3、Cl2、CLF3、BCl3、NF3等的基於鹵素的氣體作為蝕刻氣體,但蝕刻氣體不限於特定氣體,只要蝕刻氣體可以進行蝕刻即可。分離氣體噴嘴41及42經由管件及流量控制器(於圖式中未示出)連結至分離氣體供應源(於圖式中未示出)。可使用諸如氦(He)或氬(Ar)的鈍氣或諸如氮(N2)氣的惰氣作為分離氣體。在具體實例中,說明使用N2氣體作為分離氣體之實例。
取決於意欲的用途,可使用多種有機金屬性氣體及有機擬金屬氣體作為從反應氣體噴嘴31供應的源氣體。
沿著反應氣體噴嘴31、32及33的縱向方向、以例如10mm的間隔,每個反應氣體噴嘴31、32及33具有複數個向下面向旋轉台2之氣體排出孔35(見圖4)。在反應氣體噴嘴31下方的區域為第一處理區P1,其中源氣體吸附在晶圓W上。在反應氣體噴嘴32下方的區域為第二處理區P2,其中供應氧化氣體以氧化在第一處理區P1的晶圓W上吸附的源氣體並產生含有在源氣體中的有機金屬化合物或有機擬金屬化合物的氧化物之分子層作為反應產物。於此,有機金屬化合物或有機擬金屬化合物的氧化物之分子層形成沉積的保護膜。在反應噴嘴33下方的區域為第三處理區P3,其中在第二處理區域中藉由氧化反應沉積的有機金屬氧化物化合物或有機擬金屬氧化物化合物(保護膜)向上生長之後,並藉由蝕刻去除在側向方向長成的保護膜的不必要部 分。如於圖3之示意說明,可以根據需要在第三處理區P3提供電漿產生器80。此外,在第二處理區P2中,可供應藉由熱氧化反應活化的氧氣,或可供應藉由電漿活化的氧氣。當藉由電漿活化氧氣時,還可以在第二處理區P2中提供電漿產生器。
於此,因為第一處理區P1為使源氣體吸附在晶圓W上之區域,所以第一處理區P1還可指稱為“源氣體吸附區域P1”。同樣地,因為第二處理區P2為氧化吸附在晶圓W表面上的源氣體之區域,所以第二處理區P2還可指稱為“氧化區域”。此外,因為第三處理區P3為蝕刻保護膜的側表面之區域,所以第三處理區P3還可指稱為“蝕刻區域”。
不必要在第三處理區P3的上側上設置電漿產生器80。例如,當使用具有充分蝕刻強度的蝕刻氣體時,可以在不使用電漿產生器80下進行蝕刻。因而,可根據需要提供電漿產生器80。
因而,根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以包括多種氧化程序及蝕刻程序,而且取決於所選的程序,膜沉積裝置可以採用多種組態。
於此,於圖3中,電漿產生器80由簡化的虛線說明。稍後詳述電漿產生器80。
如上所討論的,從反應氣體噴嘴31供應的源氣體為有機金屬性氣體或有機擬金屬氣體。多種有機金屬性氣體及有機擬金屬氣體可用於源氣體,其選擇取決於欲形成的保護膜類型。例如,可使用用於高k膜的膜沉積之有機金屬性氣體作為金屬有機氣體。可使用含有有機金屬化合物的各種氣體作為有機金屬性氣體,且例如,當形成TiO2保護膜時,選擇含有諸如TDMAT(肆(二甲基胺基)鈦)的有機鈦氣體的氣體。此外,可使用有機矽烷氣體,例如,有機胺基矽烷氣體(諸如3DMAS(參(二甲基胺基)矽烷))作為有機擬金屬氣體。這些有機金屬性氣體或有機擬金屬氣體可藉由使用蒸發器蒸發有機金屬化合物或有機擬金屬化合物以產生有機金屬性氣體或有機擬金屬氣體來供應,且然後所產生的有機金屬性氣體或所產生的有機擬金屬氣體藉由使用載體氣體供應至真空室1內。
可以使用多種氧化氣體作為從反應氣體噴嘴32供應的氧化氣體,只要氧化氣體可以藉由與所供應的有機金屬性氣體或該有機擬金屬氣體反應產 生有機金屬氧化物或有機擬金屬氧化物。例如,當藉由熱氧化反應氧化有機金屬性氣體時,選擇H2O、H2O2、O2、O3等作為氧化氣體。
可以選擇多種蝕刻氣體作為從反應氣體噴嘴33供應的蝕刻氣體,只要蝕刻氣體可以蝕刻由有機金屬氧化物膜或有機擬金屬氧化物膜製成的保護膜。例如,可使用含氟氣體。CF4、ClF3等作為含氟氣體的實例。如上所討論的,是否提供電漿產生器80可根據所選的蝕刻氣體來決定。
參照圖2及圖3,在真空室1中,頂板11包括二個凸部4。每個凸部4連接至頂板11的背表面,以便朝向旋轉台2突出,以形成具分離氣體噴嘴41或42之分離區域D。每個凸部4具有實質上扇形俯視形狀,其中頂點以弧形形狀去除。每個凸部4的內弧形部分連結至突出部5(其稍後將參考圖1至圖3解釋)且外弧形部分設置成沿著真空室1的室體12的內圓周表面延伸。
圖4說明從反應氣體噴嘴31至反應氣體噴嘴32、沿著旋轉台2的同心圓的真空室1之截面。如於圖4所示,凸部4固定至頂板11的下表面。因而,提供了形成為凸部4下表面之平坦低頂表面44(第一頂表面)以及比低頂表面44高並且在低頂表面44的兩側沿圓周方向形成的平坦較高頂表面45(第二頂表面)。低頂表面44具有實質上扇形俯視形狀,其中頂點以弧形形狀去除。此外,如圖式所示,凸部4在圓周方向於中心處具有槽部43。槽部43形成為在旋轉台2的徑向方向上延伸。分離氣體噴嘴42安置於槽部43內。雖然於圖4未說明,分離氣體噴嘴41亦安置於其他凸部4中提供的槽部內。反應氣體噴嘴31及32分別設置在高頂表面45下方的空間中。反應氣體噴嘴31及32分別設置於與高頂表面45分開的晶圓W附近。於此,如於圖4所示,反應氣體噴嘴31設置於高頂板45下方的右側空間481中,且反應氣體噴嘴32設置於高頂表面45下方的左側空間482中。
每個分離氣體噴嘴41及42具有沿著每個分離氣體噴嘴41及42的縱向方向以預定間隔(例如10mm)形成的複數個氣體排出孔42h。
低頂表面44提供分離空間H,其相對於旋轉台2為窄空間。當從分離氣體噴嘴42供應N2氣體時,N2氣體經過分離空間H流向空間481及空間482。這時,由於分離空間H的體積小於空間481及482的體積,在分離空間H中的壓力可以藉由N2氣體而變得高於在空間481及482的壓力。這意指具有高壓力 的分離空間H在空間481與482之間形成。又,從分離空間H流向空間481及482的N2氣體作為對來自氣體第一處理區P1的源氣體及來自第二處理區P2的氧化氣體之逆流。因而,來自第一處理區P1的源氣體及來自第二處理區P2的氧化氣體藉由分離空間H分開。因此,避免了反應氣體與氧化氣體在真空室1中的混合及反應。
為了保持分離空間H中的壓力高於空間481及482中的壓力,在旋轉台2的頂面上方之低頂表面44的高度h1可基於真空室1的壓力、旋轉台2的轉速、及在膜沉積期間分離氣體(N2氣體)的供應量適當地決定。
參照圖1至圖3,頂板11另外包括位於其下表面的突出部5,以圍繞支撐旋轉台2的核心單元21的外周。在此具體實例中,突出部5與凸部4的內部連續地形成且具有下表面,其形成在與低頂表面44高度相同的高度處。
圖1為沿著在圖3中I-I’線截取的截面視圖,且說明提供有頂表面45之區域。圖5為說明提供有頂表面44之區域的局部截面視圖。
如於圖5所示,具有實質上扇形俯視形狀的凸部4在它的外圍端部(在真空室1的外圍端部側)包括外彎曲部46,其彎曲成L形以面對旋轉台2的外端面。外彎曲部46抑制空間481與空間482之間的氣體流經旋轉台2與室體12的內周面之間的空間。如上所述,凸部4設置在可拆離地連接至室體12的頂板11上。因而,在外彎曲部46的外周面與室體12之間有微小空間。在外彎曲部46的內周面與旋轉台2的外表面之間的空間,及在外彎曲部46的外周面與室體12之間的空間可例如與相對於旋轉台2的上表面的低頂表面44的高度h1相同(見圖4)。
如於圖5所示,室體12的內周壁設置成在垂直方向上延伸以更接近於在分離區域H的外彎曲部46的外周面。然而,除了該分離區域H之外,如於圖1所示,例如,室體12的內周壁形成為具有朝向底部14之凹陷部,其在面對旋轉台2的外端面的部分的外側。在下文中,基於說明目的,具有實質上矩形的截面視圖之凹陷部指為“排氣區域”。詳言之,排氣區域與第一處理區P1連通的部分係稱為第一排氣區域E1,且排氣區域與第二處理區P2連通的部分係稱為第二排氣區域E2。如於圖1至圖3所示,第一排氣埠610及第二排氣埠620分別地設置在第一排氣區域E1及第二排氣區域E2的底部。如於圖1 所示,第一排氣埠610及第二排氣埠620經由排氣管630分別連結至真空泵640(其為真空排氣單元)。壓力控制器650設置在真空泵640與排氣管630之間。
加熱器單元7設置在旋轉台2與真空室1的底部14之間的空間中,如於圖1及圖5所示。在旋轉台2上裝載的晶圓W經由旋轉台2藉由加熱器單元7加熱至由程序配方決定的溫度(例如150℃)。為了防止氣體被引入旋轉台2下方的空間內,在旋轉台2的外周的下部側設置環形覆蓋構件71。如於圖5所示,覆蓋構件71包括內構件71a,其從下側設置成面向旋轉台2的外緣部及更外部、及外構件71b,其設置在內構件71a與室體12的內壁面之間。外構件71b設置成面向外彎曲部46,其形成在每個凸部4的下側的外緣部處。內構件71a設置成圍繞在旋轉台2的外端部下方(及在外端部的稍微外側)的加熱器單元7之整體。
如於圖1所示,比放置加熱器單元7的空間更接近旋轉中心的真空室1的底部14向上突出接近核心單元21以形成突出部12a。在突出部12a與核心單元21之間設置狹窄空間。又,在底部14的內周面與轉軸22之間設置狹窄空間,以與箱體20連通。吹掃氣供應管72設置在箱體20中,吹掃氣供應管72供應作為吹掃氣的N2氣體至用於吹掃的狹窄空間。真空室1的底部14包括複數個吹掃氣供應管73(於圖5中只說明一個吹掃氣供應管73),其在加熱器單元7下方在圓周方向上以預定的角度間隔設置,用於吹掃其中設置加熱器單元7的空間。又,覆蓋構件7a設置在加熱器單元7與旋轉台2之間,以防止氣體被引入至其中設置加熱器單元7的空間內。覆蓋構件7a設置成在圓周方向上從外構件71b的內周壁(內構件71a的上表面)延伸至突出部12a的上端部。覆蓋構件7a可例如由石英製成。
膜沉積裝置另包括分離氣體供應管51,其連結至真空室1的頂板11的中央部並設置成供應作為分離氣體的N2氣體至頂板11與核心單元21之間的空間52。供應至空間52的分離氣體流經在突出部5與旋轉台2之間的狹窄空間,以沿著旋轉台2的頂面流動,旋轉台中,晶圓W從外周裝載以及排出。空間50藉由分離氣體維持在比空間481及空間482的壓力高之壓力。因而,藉由空間50可以防止供應至第一處理區P1的有機金屬性氣體與供應至第二 處理區P2的氧化氣體因流經中央區域C混合。這意指空間50(或中央區域C)可以有類似分離空間H(或分離區D)的作用。
又,如於圖2及圖3所示,傳送埠15設置在真空室1的側壁處,用於使晶圓W(其為基板)在外部傳送臂10與旋轉台2之間通過。傳送埠15藉由閘閥(圖式中未示出)打開及關閉。又,因為晶圓W於其中凹部24面向傳送埠15的位置傳送,升降銷(其貫穿凹部24以從背側面升起晶圓W)及用於升降銷的升降機制(圖式中均未示出)設置於旋轉台2下方之傳送晶圓W的位置。因而,各個晶圓W在外部傳送臂10與旋轉台2的凹部24之間通過,其為裝載部,其位於朝向傳送埠15的位置。
接著,根據需要的電漿產生器80參考圖6至圖8解釋。圖6為沿著旋轉台2的徑向方向截取的電漿產生器80的示意截面視圖。圖7為沿著垂直於旋轉台2的徑向方向之方向截取的電漿產生器80的示意截面視圖。圖8為說明電漿產生器80的示意俯視圖。基於說明目的,在圖式中簡化或省略部分的組件。
參照圖6,電漿產生器80由發射射頻波的材料製成,且在其上表面具有凹部。電漿產生器80另包括框架構件81,其嵌入設置在頂板11的開口11a內,法拉第屏蔽板82,其容納在框架構件81的凹部且實質上呈頂部被打開的盒狀形狀,絕緣板83,其放置在法拉第屏蔽板82的底表面上,及線圈天線85,其被支撐在絕緣板83上。天線85具有實質上八邊形平面形狀。
頂板11的開口11a形成為具有複數個階梯部,且階梯部中的一個具有沿著周圍延伸的槽部,其中嵌入諸如O形環等的密封件81a。框架構件81形成為具有複數個階梯部,其對應開口11a的階梯部,且當框架構件81與開口11a嚙合時,階梯部中的一個的背側面與嵌入開口11a的槽內的密封件81a接觸,使得頂板11與框架構件81以氣密方式維持。又,如於圖6所述,設置推動構件81c,其沿著嵌入頂板11的開口11a內的框架構件81的外周延伸,以使得框架構件81相對於頂板11被向下推。因而,頂板11及框架構件81進一步以氣密方式維持。
框架構件81的下表面安置成面向在真空室1中的旋轉台2且向下凸出的凸出部81b(朝向旋轉台2)設置於該下表面的周邊處。凸出部81b的下表面阻 擋旋轉台2的表面,且藉由被凸出部81b、旋轉台2的表面及在旋轉台2上方的框架構件81的下表面圍繞而形成一空間(在下文中稱為第三處理區P3)。在凸出部81b的下表面與旋轉台2的表面之間的空間可大致上與頂表面44從在分離空間H中的旋轉台2上表面的高度h1相同(圖4)。
又,貫穿凸出部81b的反應氣體噴嘴33設置在第三處理區P3中。在這具體實例中,如於圖6所示,充填有蝕刻氣體的蝕刻氣體供應源132藉由管件112經過流量控制器122連接至反應氣體噴嘴33。雖然未示出,諸如Ar的鈍氣可與蝕刻氣體混合。在這情況下,蝕刻氣體及鈍氣以預定流率與彼此混合,且經混合的氣體轉換成電漿並供應至第三處理區P3。
如於圖7所述,反應氣體噴嘴33具有沿著其縱向方向以預定間隔(例如10mm)形成的複數個氣體排出孔35,以使得蝕刻氣體從氣體排出孔35排出。如於圖7所述,氣體排出孔35從相對於旋轉台2的垂直方向朝向旋轉台2的上游旋轉方向傾斜。因而,從反應氣體噴嘴33供應的氣體以與旋轉台2的旋轉方向相反的方向排出,詳言之,朝向在凸出部81b的下表面與旋轉台2的表面之間的空間。因而,可以防止反應氣體及分離氣體從在電漿產生器80上游的頂表面45下方的空間沿著旋轉台2的旋轉方向流向第三處理區P3。又,如上所述,由於沿著框架構件81下表面的外周形成的凸出部81b靠近旋轉台2的表面,在第三處理區P3中的壓力可以藉由來自反應氣體噴嘴33的氣體輕易地維持是高的。在根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法中,當進行蝕刻程序時因為來自反應氣體噴嘴31的源氣體及來自反應氣體噴嘴32的氧化氣體之供應停止,這些氣體不太可能流入第三處理區P3內。除此之外,即使氧化氣體仍留在反應氣體噴嘴32中且在蝕刻期間持續供應分離氣體,由於在第三處理區P3中的高壓力,可以輕易地防止殘留的氧化氣體與在蝕刻期間持續供應的分離氣體的內流。
因而,框架構件81扮演了使第三處理區P3與周圍環境分離的角色。因此,雖然根據本發明具體實例之膜沉積裝置不是一定要包括電漿產生器80的整體,膜沉積裝置較佳包括框架構件81以分離第三處理區P3與第二處理區P2以及防止第二反應氣體(氧化氣體)流入第三處理區P3內。
雖然圖式中未示出,法拉第屏蔽板82係由諸如金屬的導體材料製成且 係接地。如於圖8清楚所示,法拉第屏蔽板82在其底部具有複數個狹縫82s。每個狹縫82s實質上垂直於實質上具有八邊形平面形狀的天線85之對應的線延伸。
如於圖7及圖8所示,法拉第屏蔽板82包括二個支撐部82a,其設置在上端部以向外彎曲。支撐部82a由框架構件81的上表面支撐,以使得法拉第屏蔽板82被支撐在框架構件81的預定位置。
絕緣板83例如由熔融的石英製成,具有略小於法拉第屏蔽板82底表面的大小,且安裝在法拉第屏蔽板82的底表面上。絕緣板83使法拉第屏蔽板82與天線85絕緣,同時使從天線85發設的射頻波通過。
藉由例如捲繞由銅製成的管件三次以形成呈實質上八邊形平面形狀的天線85。這個結構允許冷卻水在管件中循環,藉此防止天線85藉由供應至天線85的射頻波被加熱至高溫。如於圖6所示,天線85包括豎立部85a,支撐部85b連接至豎立部85a。支撐部85將天線85保持在法拉第屏蔽板82中的預定位置。射頻電源87經由匹配箱(matching box)86連結至支撐部85b。射頻電源87可以產生例如13.56MHz的射頻功率。
當射頻電源87經由匹配箱86供應射頻功率至天線85時,具有這樣的結構的電漿產生器80藉由天線85產生電磁場。在電磁場中,法拉第屏蔽板82阻擋了電場分量,其無法向下行進。另一方面,磁場分量通過法拉第屏蔽板82的複數個狹縫82s向下行進至第三處理區P3內。磁場分量以預定流率比例活化從反應氣體噴嘴33供應至第三處理區P3的蝕刻氣體。
如於圖1所示,具體實例的膜沉積裝置另外包括控制器100,其控制膜沉積裝置整體。控制器100可為電腦。控制器100在其記憶體儲存程式,以在控制器100控制之下,使膜沉積裝置執行保護膜形成方法(稍後將解釋)。程式配置成包括能夠執行保護膜形成方法的步驟,且儲存在諸如硬碟、光碟(CD)、磁光碟片、記憶卡、軟性磁碟等的記錄媒體102中。程式藉由預定的讀取設備讀入記憶單元101內並安裝在控制器100中。
控制器100可控制旋轉台2的轉速。因而,旋轉台2的轉速可以設定於如上所討論的諸如120rpm或更高或在120至300rpm範圍內的高速,或設定於諸如60rpm的低速。
控制器100還可控制流率控制器121至123。因而,可以控制從反應氣體噴嘴31至33供應的每個氣體的流率。在向上生長程序及稍後敘述的犧牲膜形成程序中,如何沉積保護膜,亦即,保護膜的三維形狀係藉由改變旋轉台2的轉速及源氣體的流率同時供應相同源氣體及氧化氣體來變化。控制器100可進行這樣的控制。
[保護膜形成方法]
(第一具體實例)
接著,根據本發明第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法藉由引述使用上述膜沉積裝置的實例來說明如下。根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法包含在形成在晶圓W表面中的多個凹陷形狀(諸如溝槽)之間的平坦面區域上沉積保護膜以使保護膜向上生長之向上生長程序,及去除在側向方向上生長的不必要的膜的側面部分之蝕刻程序。
首先,向上生長程序參考圖9A至9F說明如下。圖9A至9F為敘述根據本發明具體實例的保護膜形成方法之向上生長程序之實例的圖示。
圖9A為說明在具體實例的保護膜形成方法中所用的晶圓W表面圖案之實例的圖示。在本具體實例中,矽晶圓用作晶圓W,且在矽晶圓上形成複數個溝槽T,如於圖9A所示。此外,根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法藉由引用從反應氣體噴嘴31供應有機鈦氣體及從反應氣體噴嘴32供應H2O2氣體作為氧化氣體之實例說明如下。使用CF4作為蝕刻氣體的實例說明如下,但在向上生長程序中,蝕刻氣體不是由反應氣體噴嘴33供應,且停止任何從反應氣體噴嘴33之氣體供應。
首先,打開閘閥(圖式中未示出)且將晶圓W經由傳送埠15(圖2及圖3)藉由傳送臂10(圖3)從外部傳遞到旋轉台2的凹部24。這個操作藉由當凹部24停在面向傳送埠15的位置時,從真空室1的底部側經由設置在凹部24的底部表面的穿通孔,升降升降銷(圖式中未說明)來進行。藉由重複這個操作,同時間歇地旋轉旋轉台2,在凹部24上放置各個晶圓W。
然後,關閉閘閥,且真空泵640抽空真空室1達最小真空度。然後,將N2氣體從分離氣體噴嘴41及42排出預定流率作為分離氣體。這時,N2氣體還分別從分離氣體供應管51及吹掃氣供應管72及73以預定流率排出。因 而,真空室1藉由壓力控制器650(圖1)調整到預定設定壓力。然後,晶圓W藉由加熱器單元7加熱到例如150℃,同時依順時針方向以例如120rpm或更高的轉速旋轉旋轉台2。於此,設定旋轉台2的轉速為240rpm之實例說明如下。
隨後,反應氣體噴嘴31(圖2及圖3)供應有機鈦氣體,且反應氣體噴嘴32供應H2O2氣體,同時藉由熱活化H2O2氣體。藉由以蒸發器蒸發有機鈦化合物來產生有機鈦氣體且有機鈦氣體與Ar載體氣體一起供應。H2O2可與O2載體氣體供應。
圖9B為說明源氣體吸附程序之實例的圖示。藉由旋轉台2的旋轉,依序使晶圓W重複地通過第一處理區P1、分離區域D、第二處理區P2、第三處理區P3、及分離區域D(見圖3)。如於圖9B所示,有機鈦化合物的分子Mt吸附在晶圓W的表面上,且形成有機鈦化合物的分子層61。於此,有機鈦氣體的分子Mt為有機金屬性氣體的一種,且含有鈦金屬,由連接至其的有機基團所圍繞。分子Mt的直徑是大的。此外,有機鈦的分子Mt未到達溝槽T的深部,且吸附在晶圓W的表面U上。
圖9C及9D為說明氧化程序之實例的圖示。如於圖9C所示,吸附在晶圓W的表面U上的有機鈦氣體在通過分離區域D後,藉由第二處理區P2中的H2O2分子Mo來氧化,且如於圖9D所示,由氧化鈦(TiO2)製成的保護膜62沉積在溝槽T上端處的晶圓W的表面U上。
圖9E為說明再次重複源氣體吸附程序之實例的圖示。如於圖9E所示,當晶圓W藉由再次旋轉旋轉台2到達第一處理區P1時,從反應氣體噴嘴31供應的有機鈦氣體的分子Mt吸附在晶圓W的表面U上。於此,因為有機鈦氣體的分子Mt的直徑由於連接到鈦的有機基團而相當大,且因為旋轉台2以高速旋轉,有機鈦的分子Mt不會到達溝槽T的深部,而只吸附在晶圓W頂面及它們的周圍。
在下文中,當旋轉台2以高速旋轉時,重複相同程序,藉此在晶圓W的表面U上沉積TiO2膜並形成保護膜62。
圖9F為說明已在晶圓W的表面U上向上生長的TiO2膜之實例的圖示。藉由重複如於圖9B至9E所述的程序(更精準的是從圖9C至9E的程序),保護膜62向上生長且TiO2膜的膜厚增加。
因而,藉由從反應氣體噴嘴31供應具有大分子直徑的有機金屬氣體作為源氣體,同時以120rpm或更高的高速旋轉旋轉台2,可以選擇性地只在溝槽T之間的區域形成區域的保護膜62,而在溝槽T中沒有發生膜沉積。在本具體實例中,述及使用有機鈦氣體作為源氣體之實例,但因為有機金屬性氣體通常具有大分子直徑,根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以藉由使用另一類型的有機金屬性氣體來進行。此外,根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以不僅是藉由使用有機金屬性氣體進行,由於它們的大分子直徑,還可以藉由使用有機擬金屬氣體(諸如有機矽烷氣體)來進行。
因為有機金屬性氣體及有機擬金屬氣體通常具有大分子直徑,甚至當使用另一有機金屬性氣體或有機擬金屬氣體時,可以進行本具體實例的保護膜形成方法。例如,可使用用於沉積高介電膜(高k膜)的有機金屬性氣體,諸如參(二甲基胺基)環戊二烯基鋯(C11H23N3Zr)。此外,可使用藉由蒸發諸如鋁、鉿或鈦的金屬或諸如矽烷的擬金屬而獲得的有機金屬性氣體或有機擬金屬氣體作為源氣體。
通常,作為沉積高k膜的源氣體的有機金屬性化合物含有胺及胺基(-NH2,-NHR,-NHR’)。例如,當有機金屬性氣體與氧化氣體反應並藉此被氧化時,經氧化的有機金屬性氣體釋放胺基,其排出有害氣體。在根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法及膜沉積裝置中,胺基被充分氧化,且使有害氣體變無害,其稍後說明。源氣體不限於上述氣體,且可使用各種氣體。
圖10為說明可施用至根據本發明第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法的源氣體之實例的表。因而,可藉由使用各種有機金屬性氣體及有機擬金屬氣體以形成保護膜。於此,圖10只例示說明,且可以藉由使用另一有機金屬性氣體或有機擬金屬氣體進行根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法。
圖11A至11C為說明根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法的蝕刻程序之一系列程序的圖示。
圖11A為說明當開始蝕刻程序時保護膜62之實例的圖示。藉由重複在向上生長程序中的源氣體吸附程序及氧化程序之循環,保護膜62向上生長;但保護膜62還在側向方向(水平方向)生長,藉此形成可能阻擋溝槽T的開口之形狀。圖11A說明這樣的保護膜62開始阻擋溝槽T的開口之狀態。當保護膜62即使在這樣的狀態下不達到預定的膜厚時,進行蝕刻程序。
在蝕刻程序中,停止源氣體及氧化氣體的供應,且反應氣體噴嘴33供應CF4,其為蝕刻氣體。連續地旋轉旋轉台2且分離氣體噴嘴41及42供應分離氣體。
圖11B為說明蝕刻程序的之實例的圖示。在蝕刻程序中,電漿PL活化蝕刻氣體的分子Me,且經活化的蝕刻氣體蝕刻保護膜62的側面部分並去除側向生長的不必要的保護膜62。不需要電漿PL,但當使用CF4作為蝕刻氣體時,較佳使用電漿PL。當使用具高蝕刻強度的氣體(諸如ClF3)時,如上討論地電漿PL是不需要的。
蝕刻氣體的流率可設定於低的數值,且例如,CF4的流率可設於約40至約70sccm的範圍,及例如可設於60sccm。因而,只有保護膜62的不需要的部分會被蝕刻。旋轉台2的轉速設定為低於向上生長程序中的轉速,在約60至約90rpm的範圍。例如,旋轉台2的轉速可例如設於75rpm。藉由作此調整,保護膜62的側面部分可以有效地被蝕刻。於此,保護膜62的上部亦被蝕刻,但保護膜62整體上具有圓形形狀,且上部可以蝕刻成平坦形狀。於此,因為在蝕刻期間的旋轉台2的轉速取決於程序而顯著地不同,所以可根據程序而設定適當速度。
圖11C為說明蝕刻程序之終止階段之實例的圖示。藉由蝕刻程序去除保護膜62的不需要的側面部分,且剩下的保護膜62可以形成為從晶圓W的平坦表面近乎垂直向上生長的形狀,如此使得保護膜62不阻擋溝槽T的開口。於此,蝕刻保護膜62的上部到某程度,並可形成為大致平坦的表面。
因而,藉由在進行向上生長程序之後進行蝕刻程序,可以調整保護膜62的形狀。在那之後,藉由再次重複如於圖9A至9F所述的進行向上生長程序的循環,且當保護膜62不僅是向上而還側向地生長時,進行進行蝕刻程序,可以形成只向上生長的厚的保護膜62,藉此回應多種程序需求。
圖12為於圖9A至9F及11A至11C所述的根據第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法實例之順序圖示。在圖12中,水平軸為時間軸,並顯示源氣體(Ti前驅物)、蝕刻氣體、氧化氣體、及旋轉台2的轉速之時間變化。於此,相對於每個源氣體、蝕刻氣體及氧化氣體,圖12只顯示是否有供應氣體。相比之下,相對於旋轉台2(基座)的轉速,圖12不僅顯示旋轉台2是否旋轉,還顯示轉速值的變化。
旋轉台2於時間t0開始其旋轉。更詳言之,在將所有晶圓W裝載至旋轉台2的凹部24後,旋轉旋轉台2。
於時間t1,開始供應源氣體及氧化氣體。這時,尚未供應蝕刻氣體。轉速設於V1,例如設於240rpm。從時間t1至時間t2保持這狀態。從時間t1至時間t2的時間對應於向上生長程序。
於時間t2,停止供應源氣體及氧化氣體,且向上生長程序結束。在那之後,旋轉台2的轉速設定從V1改至V2,例如改至75rpm。
於時間t3,開始蝕刻程序。更詳言之,開始供應蝕刻氣體而不供應源氣體及氧化氣體,且蝕刻程序持續到時間t4。因而,固定保護膜62的形狀,並進入不阻擋溝槽T的開口的狀態。
於時間t5,停止旋轉台2的旋轉,但可再重複向上生長程序及蝕刻程序。換言之,藉由重複由向上生長程序與蝕刻程序所構成的單一循環複數次,保護膜62可以沉積至預定厚度。
因而,根據該第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法,保護膜62可以沉積達預定厚度,同時保護膜62的側面固定成具有大致垂直側面的形狀。
(第二具體實例)
圖13為說明在根據第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法中當蝕刻變得過於強烈時的保護膜62之圖示。在許多情況下,只向上生長的保護膜62可以藉由根據第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法形成,但有時後,取決於諸如包括縱橫比的溝槽T的形狀、保護膜62的類型、所需膜厚及蝕刻氣體的種類之條件,保護膜62因為過於強烈的蝕刻而區域性地過度蝕刻。這似乎是因為蝕刻氣體從溝槽T的底表面反射,並且在蝕刻中向上流動而使溝槽T的上端附近的蝕刻氣體的剩餘率增加所造成的。
在這樣的情況下,在向上生長程序之前,藉由進行形成與包括保護膜62的表面形狀之晶圓W表面形狀共形的犧牲膜之程序,及藉由預先形成用於蝕刻程序的犧牲膜,可以沿著溝槽T的側向形狀形成只向上長成的保護膜62。
圖14A至14C為說明根據第二具體實例的保護膜形成方法之犧牲膜形成程序之實例的圖示。
圖14A為說明犧牲膜形成程序之實例的圖示。首先,在晶圓W的表面上形成與晶圓W表面共形的犧牲膜60。在這情況下,犧牲膜60較佳為與保護膜62相同類型的膜,因為仍留有犧牲膜60的未被蝕刻的部分。換言之,當在第一具體實例中所述的TiO2膜用作保護膜62時,較佳亦使用TiO2膜作為犧牲膜60。
只需要形成薄的犧牲膜60,只要犧牲膜60覆蓋全部區域即可。例如,犧牲膜60可沉積成具有約1至約20nm範圍的厚度。為了沉積這樣的膜,膜沉積作用藉由增加源氣體的流率及降低旋轉台2的轉速來進行,因為需要使源氣體到達溝槽T的深部。旋轉台2的轉速可以設定為比在向上生長程序中的數值範圍慢之適當值,且取決於意欲用途,可以設定為多種數值,只要轉速比120rpm慢即可。例如,當作為TDMAT(其為源氣體)的載體氣體的Ar的流率在向上生長程序中設定為100sccm時,且當旋轉台2的轉速在向上生長程序中設定為240rpm時,作為TDMAT的載體氣體的Ar的流率設定為300sccm,其為在向上生長程序中的流率的三倍,且旋轉台2的轉速設定為60rpm,其為在向上生長程序中旋轉台2的轉速的四分之一。藉由在此條件之下進行膜沉積作用,即使使用相同類型的源氣體,仍可以沿著晶圓W的表面形狀形成共形膜。TDMAT的載體氣體的流率實質上顯示TDMAT的流率。例如,在犧牲膜形成程序中,源氣體的流率可設定為在向上生長程序中的流率的1.5至10倍,且較佳設定向上生長程序中的流率的二至六倍,且進一步較佳地設定為向上生長程序中的流率的二至四倍。此外,旋轉台2的轉速可設定為向上生長程序中的轉速的二分之一至十分之一,且較佳設定為向上生長程序中的轉速的三分之一至五分之一。
圖14B為說明向上生長程序之實例的圖示。在向上生長程序中,藉由與第一具體實例相同的方法,在犧牲膜60上形成保護膜62。
圖14C為說明蝕刻程序之實例的圖示。在蝕刻程序中,雖然當在蝕刻程序中沒有犧牲膜60時,在溝槽T的上端附近仍留有很多蝕刻氣體,因為在溝槽T的表面上形成犧牲膜60,蝕刻氣體被消耗以蝕刻在溝槽T中的犧牲膜60且不會集中在溝槽T的上端附近。因而,使蝕刻均勻,且保護膜62的側面可以形成為沿著溝槽T的側面之形狀。
因而,在可能造成區域性強烈蝕刻的程序中,在向上生長程序之前進行犧牲膜形成程序,並形成犧牲膜60。藉由這樣作,可以防止區域性的蝕刻及不平的蝕刻,且可以形成具有大致上垂直的側壁及具有向上生長的保護膜62。
於此,在圖14C之後,當使保護膜62進一步向上生長時,在進行向上生長程序及在溝槽T的內壁上與在已形成的保護膜62的側面和上表面上形成共形犧牲膜60之前,藉由進行犧牲膜形成程序,即使保護膜62的膜厚度進一步變厚,仍可以使保護膜62向上生長,同時固定保護膜62的形狀。
圖15為根據第二具體實例的保護膜形成方法的實例之順序圖示。水平軸顯示時間,及沿著垂直軸設置成的項目與圖12相同。
於時間t0,支持晶圓W的旋轉台(基座)2開始旋轉。
於時間t1,當旋轉台2的轉速達設定速度V0時,開始犧牲膜形成程序。更詳言之,開始供應作為源氣體的TDMAT,且還開始供應氧化氣體。停止供應蝕刻氣體。
在犧牲膜形成程序中旋轉台2的轉速V0設定為低於從時間t3開始的向上生長程序中的轉速V1的數值。旋轉台2的轉速可為,例如,在0.5至80rpm的範圍,及可設定為例如60rpm。
此外,源氣體的流率為,例如,設定為向上生長程序中的流率的二至六倍,及可設定為向上生長程序中的流率的例如約三倍。
於時間t2,結束供應源氣體及氧化氣體,且結束犧牲膜形成程序。如上所討論的,由於犧牲膜60被形成以耗過多蝕刻氣體並使蝕刻氣體的分布均勻,犧牲膜60整體上只需要形成為薄的,例如,在1至5nm範圍的厚度。
於時間t3至t6,進行與第一具體實例相同的向上生長程序及蝕刻程序。在該蝕刻程序中,當已沉積保護膜62時,由在溝槽T的內壁上的犧牲膜60、及在保護膜62的側面及上表面上的犧牲膜60消耗蝕刻氣體,藉此防止蝕刻氣體集中在溝槽T的上端附近及防止區域性的過度蝕刻。因而,可以形成具有沿著溝槽T的側壁延伸的側面之保護膜62。
在圖15中,於時間t7,雖然旋轉台2的轉速減少到零,旋轉台2的轉速可只減少到V0,且藉由再次進行犧牲膜形成程序,可形成保護膜62達預定膜厚。換言之,在圖15中,時間t1至t7為一個循環,且可重複複數個循環直到保護膜62達預定膜厚。
因而,第二具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以防止區域性的過度蝕刻且使保護膜62具有沿著溝槽T的側壁向上生長的垂直側面,藉此形成具有較佳形狀的厚保護膜62。
此外,在第二具體實例中,犧牲膜形成程序的源氣體的種類為與向上生長程序中的相同,但可以形成與在向上生長程序中所形成的保護膜62類型不同類型的保護膜60。然而,當氣體種類增加時,程序變得複雜,且除此之外,TiO2膜含有不同組分。因此,在犧牲膜60及保護膜62中較佳使用相同類型的膜。
於此,在向上生長程序中旋轉台2的轉速設定於120至300rpm的範圍,但轉速還取決於源氣體的種類。例如,當使用TDMAT形成TiO2的保護膜62時,旋轉台2的轉速較佳設定於200至280rpm的範圍,且進一步較佳設定於220至260rpm的範圍。例如,如具體實例所述,旋轉台2的轉速可設定於240rpm。
此外,當使用諸如有機矽烷氣體的有機擬金屬氣體作為源氣體時,在向上生長程序中旋轉台2的轉速較佳設定為比當使用有機金屬性氣體作為源氣體時的轉速快。例如,當使用諸如有機矽烷氣體的有機擬金屬氣體作為源氣體時,旋轉台2的轉速較佳設定於150至300rpm的範圍,且進一步較佳設定於200至300rpm的範圍。
旋轉台2的轉速可根據源氣體的種類、在晶圓W的表面形成的溝槽T形狀、及溝槽T或孔洞的開口寬度,設定為在120rpm或更高的範圍之適當數 值。目前,因為旋轉台2的轉速的機械限值為300rpm,按設定上限至300rpm來說明此方法。然而,若旋轉台2可以高於300rpm的速度(諸如400rpm或500rpm)旋轉,則旋轉台2的轉速可以設定為高於300rpm的速度。
此外,在晶圓W的表面形成的圖案可為具有複數個孔洞的圖案或具有溝槽T與孔洞的圖案,且可在凹陷形狀之間的任何平坦面區域上形成保護膜62。
在以上具體實例中,已述及在氧化程序中進行熱氧化程序然後進行電漿蝕刻程序之實例,但可進行電漿氧化程序代替熱氧化程序,且如上所討論的,在蝕刻程序中不是必須使用電漿。取決於所欲用途,可使用多種方法及裝置作為氧化及蝕刻方法及裝置。
因而,取決於相關於氧化程序及蝕刻程序之所欲用途,有各種選擇。
再者,第一及第二具體實例已述及藉由使用旋轉台2的膜沉積裝置之保護膜形成方法之實例,但若可以高速下切換不同類型的氣體的供應,根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以在不使用旋轉台2下進行。在這情況下,因為每次旋轉台2旋轉時進行一系列的程序一次,所以在旋轉台2的每次旋轉時,分別進行一次以下之系列:氣體吸附程序、氧化程序、電漿程序、在源氣體吸附程序與氧化程序之間進行的吹掃程序、及在電漿程序與源氣體吸附程序之間進行的吹掃氣程序。可以將旋轉台2的轉速轉換成數個循環。亦即,當旋轉台2的轉速設定於120rpm時,每分鐘應進行120個循環。同樣地,當旋轉台2的轉速設定於60rpm時,每分鐘應進行60個循環,且當旋轉台2的轉速設定於75rpm時,每個程序每分鐘應進行75次。
例如,具體實例的保護膜形成方法可施用於膜沉積裝置,其包括沒有任何隔板的處理室、及在處理室中欲支撐其上設置的單一晶圓之基座。膜沉積裝置藉由切換供應至處理室內的氣體種類,同時轉動基座或不轉動基座,來進行膜沉積。甚至在這情況下,藉由重複向上生長程序及蝕刻程序、及根據需要另外的犧牲膜形成程序之循環複數次,同時在本具體實例的循環中切換供應至處理室內的氣體種類,可以類似於本具體實例在晶圓W上形成保護膜62。
此外,根據本具體實例的保護膜形成方法可施用於所謂的垂直熱處理裝置,其容納稱為晶舟的晶圓支持構件,其支持在處理室中以從垂直地相鄰的晶圓W的預定距離在垂直方向上堆疊複數個晶圓W(諸如50至100個晶圓W)並加熱處理室,同時轉動晶舟並依序切換供應至處理室內的氣體種類。甚至在這情況下,雖然支持晶圓W的方式與上述膜沉積裝置者不同,藉由切換所供應的氣體可以形成保護膜62。
當每個膜沉積裝置包括對應於本具體實例的控制器100之控制器時,可以進行這樣的氣體切換,且控制器進行這樣的氣體切換控制。
在本具體實例中,因為控制器100控制旋轉台2的旋轉及氣體(諸如源氣體、氧化氣體及蝕刻氣體)的供應,藉由使控制器100控制旋轉台2的轉速,及按照程序配方的源氣體、氧化氣體、蝕刻氣體等的各個的流率及供應時間,可以進行本具體實例的保護膜形成方法。
[操作實例]
接著,其中根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法之操作實例說明如下。
圖16為顯示操作實例1的保護膜形成方法在進行向上生長程序後之結果視圖。在操作實例1中,根據第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法係使用上述旋轉台型膜沉積裝置來進行。在旋轉台2上的晶圓W的溫度設定於150℃,且真空室1中的壓力設定於1.8托。旋轉台2的轉速設定於240rpm。此外,使用TDMAT作為源氣體且藉由蒸發器蒸發TDMAT來供應,而載體氣體Ar的流率設定於100sccm。使用H2O2作為氧化劑並以1.65g/min的流率供應,而使用O2作為載體氣體且其流率設定於5000sccm。
當在此條件下進行向上生長程序時,如於圖16所示,在相鄰的溝槽T之間的平坦表面上形成保護膜62。保護膜62不僅是向上長厚而且還側向地長厚,且保護膜62局部地阻擋溝槽T的開口。
圖17為顯示操作實例1的保護膜形成方法在進行蝕刻程序後之結果視圖。關於蝕刻條件,使用CF4作為蝕刻氣體且與載體氣體以60sccm的流率供應。使用Ar作為載體氣體,且以10000sccm的流率供應。電漿產生器80的輸出設定於2000W。還有,在蝕刻程序期間旋轉台2的轉速設定於75rpm。
如於圖17所示,已大致沿著溝槽的側壁向上生長的保護膜62被形成在溝槽T之間的晶圓W的平坦表面上。因而,操作實例1已指出根據第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以形成沿著溝槽T的側壁大致垂直地向上生長的保護膜62。
圖18A及18B為顯示操作實例2的保護膜形成方法之結果視圖。在操作實例2中每個程序的程序條件與操作實例1的條件相同。在操作實例2中,還進行根據第一具體實例的保護膜形成方法,且重複四次由向上生長程序與蝕刻程序所構成的保護膜沉積程序。換言之,向上生長程序及蝕刻程序為一循環,並重複此循環四次。
圖18A顯示操作實例2的保護膜形成方法在進行一個循環的保護膜沉積程序後的結果。如於圖18A所示,雖然保護膜62的上端略微側向地膨脹,整體上形成具有較佳形狀的保護膜62。
圖18B為操作實例2的保護膜形成方法在進行四個循環的保護膜沉積程序後的結果。在進行四個循環後,保護膜62在其基座附近及在溝槽T的上端附近的側面上被大量蝕刻,且保護膜62具有像沙漏的形狀。當要求一個循環的膜厚時是沒有問題的,但當要求進一步更厚的膜厚時,若在蝕刻程序中蝕刻氣體的蝕刻強度過度時,有時會發生如於圖18B所示的區域性過度蝕刻。
在這樣的情況下,藉由進行根據第二具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以防止區域性過度蝕刻。
圖19A及19B為顯示操作實例3的保護膜形成方法之結果的圖示。在操作實例3中,進行根據第二具體實例的保護膜形成方法。在操作實例3中,向上生長程序及蝕刻程序的條件與操作實例1及2的條件相同。甚至在犧牲膜形成程序中,其條件與其中使用TDMAT作為源氣體及使用H2O2作為氧化氣體的操作實例1及2的條件相同。此外,晶圓W的溫度及真空室1中的壓力與操作實例1及2的相同。旋轉台2的轉速設定於60rpm,其為在向上生長程序中設定的240rpm的四分之一。關於TDMAT(其為源氣體)的流率,TDMAT的載體氣體Ar的流率設定為300sccm,其為向上生長程序中的100sccm的流率的三倍。此外,氧化氣體的流率設定為與向上生長程序中的相同。因而, 在犧牲膜形成程序中,設定轉速為低於向上生長程序中的轉速且源氣體(亦即,源氣體的載體)的流率設定為高於向上生長程序中的流率。
圖19A顯示操作實例3的保護膜形成方法在進行一個循環的保護膜沉積程序後的結果。因為這階段與在操作實例2中圖18A的階段相同,所以獲得與圖18A相同的結果。
圖19B顯示操作實例3的保護膜形成方法在進行四個循環的保護膜沉積程序後的結果。在進行四個循環後,雖然保護膜62的上部在四個循環之後略微側向地生長,藉由在溝槽T的上端附近過度蝕刻形成的像沙漏的形狀消失了。因而,該結果指出由蝕刻造成的影響可以被調整(減少),且保護膜62的形狀可以藉由提供犧牲膜形成程序來調整。藉由調整更多各種條件,保護膜62上部的側向生長可以被去除。
因而,操作實例3已指出根據第二具體實例的保護膜形成方法可以形成進一步更厚的保護膜62,同時固定保護膜62的形狀。
如上所討論的,根據具體實例的保護膜形成方法,可以形成具有向上長厚且不側向地膨脹之形狀的保護膜。
雖然已具體說明及敘述膜沉積方法的較佳具體實例,應理解的是在不偏離由申請專利範圍定義的本發明精神及範疇下,可以在其中作微小修飾。

Claims (16)

  1. 一種保護膜形成方法,其包含下述步驟:在基板表面中形成的相鄰凹陷形狀之間的平坦表面區域上沉積有機金屬化合物或有機擬金屬化合物的氧化物膜;及藉由蝕刻去除在該平坦表面區域上沉積的氧化物膜的側面部分。
  2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之保護膜形成方法,其另包含:在沉積該氧化物膜的步驟之前形成與該基板表面共形的犧牲膜。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之保護膜形成方法,其中重複該形成該犧牲膜、沉積該氧化物膜、及去除該氧化物膜的側面部分之步驟,直到沉積該氧化物膜達到預定厚度。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第3項之保護膜形成方法,其中該形成該犧牲膜之步驟包含形成與在沉積氧化物膜步驟中所沉積的氧化物膜相同類型的膜。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之保護膜形成方法,其中形成該犧牲膜及沉積該氧化物膜之每個步驟包含重複使含有該有機金屬化合物或該有機擬金屬的源氣體吸附在該基板表面上,及藉由供應氧化氣體氧化吸附在該基板表面上的該源氣體以在該基板表面上沉積該源氣體與該氧化氣體的反應產物之循環。
  6. 根據申請專利範圍第5項之保護膜形成方法,其中藉由供應氧化氣體氧化該源氣體之步驟包含供應H2O、H2O2、O2或O3作為氧化氣體,同時藉由熱或電漿活化該氧化氣體。
  7. 根據申請專利範圍第5項之保護膜形成方法,其中蝕刻該氧化物膜的側面部分之步驟包含供應藉由電漿活化的蝕刻氣體至該基板表面。
  8. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之保護膜形成方法,其中在形成該犧牲膜的步驟中重複使源氣體吸附在該基板表面上及氧化吸附在該基板表面上的源氣體的循環的步驟之第一循環時間比在沉積該氧化物膜的步驟中重複使源氣體吸附在該基板表面上及氧化吸附在該基板表面上的源氣體的循環的步驟之第二循環時間長。
  9. 根據申請專利範圍第8項之膜沉積方法,其中該第一循環時間設定於每分鐘120次或更多,及該第二循環時間設定於每分鐘80次或更少。
  10. 根據申請專利範圍第9項之保護膜形成方法,其中沿著旋轉台的圓周方向將該基板放在設置於處理室中的旋轉台上,其中該處理室包括吸附區域,以將源氣體吸附在該基板表面上、氧化區域,以氧化吸附在該基板表面上的源氣體、及蝕刻區域,以蝕刻該氧化物膜的側面部分,其設置在該旋轉台上方並在該旋轉台的圓周方向上彼此分開,其中該形成犧牲膜之步驟包含以80rpm或更低的轉速轉動該旋轉台,以進行重複使該源氣體吸附在該基板表面上、及藉由使該基板依序地通過該吸附區域及該氧化區域來氧化吸附在該基板表面上的源氣體之循環的步驟,其中該沉積氧化物膜之步驟包含以120rpm或更低的轉速轉動該旋轉台,以進行重複使該源氣體吸附在該基板表面上、及藉由使該基板依序地通過該吸附區域及該氧化區域來氧化吸附在該基板表面上的源氣體之循環的步驟,及其中該蝕刻該氧化物膜的側面部分之步驟包含以預定轉速轉動該旋轉台,同時分別停止在該吸附區域及該氧化區域中該源氣體及該氧化氣體的供應,以於預定循環進行蝕刻該氧化物膜的側面部分之步驟,同時停止形成該犧牲膜及沉積該氧化物膜之步驟。
  11. 根據申請專利範圍第8項之保護膜形成方法,其中在該形成犧牲膜之步驟中的使源氣體吸附在該基板表面上之步驟中供應的源氣體之第一流率比在該沉積氧化物膜之步驟中的使源氣體吸附在該基板表面上之步驟中供應的源氣體之第二流率大。
  12. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之保護膜形成方法,其中該有機金屬化合物的氧化物膜為高k膜。
  13. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之保護膜形成方法, 其中該有機金屬化合物為有機鈦。
  14. 根據申請專利範圍第13項之保護膜形成方法,其中該有機鈦為肆(二甲基胺基)鈦。
  15. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之保護膜形成方法,其中該有機擬金屬化合物為有機矽烷。
  16. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之保護膜形成方法,其中該凹陷形狀為溝槽。
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