TW201903014A - 超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構 - Google Patents

超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構 Download PDF

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TW201903014A
TW201903014A TW106118578A TW106118578A TW201903014A TW 201903014 A TW201903014 A TW 201903014A TW 106118578 A TW106118578 A TW 106118578A TW 106118578 A TW106118578 A TW 106118578A TW 201903014 A TW201903014 A TW 201903014A
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mixing
cylinder
supercritical fluid
channel
raw material
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TWI637987B (zh
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陳法勝
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歐特捷實業股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/647,087 priority patent/US10913189B2/en
Priority to EP17181313.2A priority patent/EP3412423B1/en
Priority to KR1020170093509A priority patent/KR102041244B1/ko
Priority to JP2017144570A priority patent/JP2018202847A/ja
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Priority to US16/831,386 priority patent/US11806908B2/en

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Abstract

本發明所提供超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構乃係包含有一熱熔單元、一混合單元以及一超臨界流體供给單元，其中，該混合單元係獨立於該熱熔單元外，而分別接收來自該熱熔單元之高分子熔體與來自該超臨界流體供给單元之超臨界流體，將之混合成為均質之單相溶液者，並使該熱熔單元具有用以推送高分子原料之推送件，以及使該混合單元具有用以混合高分子熔體與超臨界流體之混合轉件。

Description

超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構
本發明係與高分子加工技術有關，特別是關於一種超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構。
物質在高於臨界溫度與臨界壓力之環境下所存在之超臨界流體狀態，在性質上係介於氣相與液相之間，而¬具備有與氣體相仿之表面張力、黏度與擴散性，同時具有接近液體之密度與溶合能力，而可利用習知技術用以熔融固態高分子原料之擠筒所提供之高溫高壓環境，將超臨界流體混入高分子熔融體中，並藉由擠筒與模具模室空間之間的壓降，使超臨界流體在進入模室空間後在高分子熔融體之內部形成多數之成核點，並成長為氣泡，而模製成型發泡高分子物品。
此外，習知技術亦揭露有以預先置放於模具內部模室空間之高分子原料，含浸嗣後進入該模室空間之超臨界流體，繼之再藉由改變該模室空間內之壓力及溫度，利用超臨界流體之相變化產生氣泡，以將高分子原料模製成型為發泡高分子物品者。
二氧化碳或氮氣等惰性氣體係被經常作為發泡劑之超臨界流體，其中，二氧化碳之臨界壓力為7.185MPa、臨界溫度為304.265K，因此，就習知技術而言，為保持其處於臨界流體之狀態，即需使擠筒或模室空間內之溫度與壓力大於該等臨界溫度值與臨界壓力值避免離析，但於產業利用上，例如在射出成型加工技術中，通常情況下，700~1500kg/cm2之射出壓力已可滿足射出成型加工所需之壓力條件而言，但二氧化碳高達7 Mpa之臨界壓力顯然高出許多，因此，為維持二氧化碳在擠筒內之超臨界流體狀態，即需額外地提高射出擠筒內部之壓力，徒然能源之耗費。
高分子加工之操作條件雖隨著原料之種類而有差異，縱然有無需額外增加壓力之操作條件存在，惟囿於超臨界流體需與高分子熔融體混合成為單相溶液，因此，在以擠筒進行熱熔之技術範躊中，其導入超臨界流體之部位即以位於擠筒後段，高分子原料已呈熔融體之螺桿計量段(metering section)為適當，如此一來，超臨界流體與高分子熔融體間之混合時間即受到了擠筒內螺桿之轉速拘束，恐有混合不勻之缺失存在，造成在壓降後，高分子內部之氣泡成核作用不均，致影響發泡高分子物品之成型品質。
因此，本發明之主要目的即係在提供一種超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其係使超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體混合為單相溶液之動作，係獨立於對固態高分子原料施以熱能使之呈熔體之構成以外，分別為之者，據以避免其彼此間相互干涉。
緣是，為達成上述目的，本發明所提供超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構乃係包含有一熱熔單元、一混合單元以及一超臨界流體供给單元，其中，該混合單元係獨立於該熱熔單元外，而分別接收來自該熱熔單元之高分子熔體與來自該超臨界流體供给單元之超臨界流體，將之混合成為均質之單相溶液者，並使該熱熔單元具有用以推送高分子原料之推送件，以及使該混合單元具有用以混合高分子熔體與超臨界流體之混合轉件。
為對固態之高分子原料施以熱能使之熱熔為熔體，係使該熱熔單元具有一中空之擠筒，一第一進料通道與一第一出料通道係分設於該擠筒之兩端，而分別連通該擠筒之中空內部與該擠筒之外部空間，並使該推送件設於該擠筒中，且介於該第一進料通道與該第一出料通道間，而得用以將自該第一進料通道進入該擠筒中空內部之高分子原料，往該第一出料通道推送，且使固態之高分子原料在受推送之過程中受熱能之作用而熱熔為可流動之熔體。
為對高分子熔體與超臨界流體進行混合，係使該混合單元具有一中空之混合筒，一第二進料通道與一第二出料通道係分設於該混合筒之兩端上，並使該第二進料通道與該第一出料通道相通，據以使由該第一出料通道受推出之高分子原料，經由該第二進料通道進入該混合筒之中空內部，並使該混合轉件介於該第二進料通道與該第二出料通道間地設於該混合筒中，而可於該混合筒中轉動，據以將容納於該混合筒中之高分子原料與超臨界流體施以混合之擾動。
而為供給前述混合所需之超臨界流體，係使該超臨界流體供給單元以與該熱熔單元相隔開來地設於該混合單元上，據以將外部之超臨界流體導入該混合筒之中空內部中，以與位於該混合筒中之高分子熔體同受該混合轉件之擾動而混合成均質溶液。
其中，該超臨界流體供給單元具有一輸氣通道，係設於該混合筒並與該混合筒之中空內部連通，用以形成外部超臨界流體進入該混合筒內部之流動通道；並可使該輸氣通道與該第二進料通道相鄰，據以使超臨界流體與高分子熔體間得以儘早地混合。
為使高分子熔體與超臨界流體分別進入該混合單元時即得以相互混合，係使該混合轉件於構造上係具有一柱身，可轉動地設於該混合筒中，一第一溝部係環設於該柱身相鄰於該第二進料通道之一端之周側上，同時相鄰於該第二進料通道及該輸氣通道，據此，當該柱身轉動之同時，係藉由該第一溝部對甫進入該混合筒內部之高分子熔體與超臨界流體施以擾動，加以混合。
更進一步地，該混合轉件係更包含有一第二溝部，係環設於該柱身相鄰於該第二出料通道之另端之周側上，而可接續該第一溝部所造成之擾流，對於已經該該第一溝部初步混合之高分子熔體與超臨界流體進一步地予以擾動。
而為獲得較佳之混合功效，係使該第一溝部與該第二溝部彼此分呈不同弧度之多數弧狀凹槽。
另外，經該混合單元混合後之單相溶液，除可經由該混合單元直接輸出至外部模具以進行模製發泡成型之加工程序外，亦可間接地經由一計量單元計量後再輸出至外部模具中以進行模製發泡成型者。
其中，該計量單元具有一中空之計量筒，係使中空內部空間與該第二出料通道相通，用以容納該單相溶液，一送料件，係滑設於該計量筒之中空內部空間中，用以將容納於該計量筒之該單相溶液送出該計量筒外。
茲即舉以本發明一較佳實施例，配合圖式為詳細之說明。
首先，請參閱第一圖所示，在本發明一較佳實施例中所提供超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構(10)，其主要乃係包含了有一熱熔單元(20)、一混合單元(30)、一超臨界流體供給單元(40)以及一計量單元(50)者。
如第二圖與第三圖所示，該熱熔單元(20)係為習知射出成型或押出成型技術中所揭露之擠筒技術內容，而具有了一外觀呈圓柱狀之中空之擠筒(21)，一第一進料通道(22)與一第一出料通道(23)係分設於該擠筒(21)之兩端上，且與該擠筒(21)之擠筒內部空間(211)相通，一螺桿狀之推送件(24)係同軸於該擠筒(21)柱軸且可自轉地設於該擠筒(21)之擠筒內部空間(211)中，一入料斗(25)係固設於該擠筒(21)之一端上並經由該第一進料通道(22)與該擠筒內部空間(211)連通，一出料端件(26)則設於該擠筒(21)之另端上，而經由該第一出料通道(23)與該擠筒內部空間(211)連通；
藉此，外部之固態高分子原料即得自該入料斗(25)經由該第一進料通道(22)進入該擠筒內部空間(211)中，且受該推送件(24)轉動時之推移，往該第一出料通道(23)方向移動，並於移動之同時，受熱能之作用熱熔成可流動之熔體，而從該第一出料通道(23)流出，惟由於是等熱熔技術內容乃屬習知技術所既已公開者，於此即無庸再為冗陳之必要。
該混合單元係得以為相仿於習知射出擠筒、押出擠筒或混練裝置等足以達成將相異流體予以混合為均質溶液之熔融混合技術者，而於本實施例中則如第三圖至第五圖所示，令該混合單元(30)具有一外觀呈圓柱狀之中空的混合筒(31)，係位於該第一出料通道(23)外，且以鄰近於柱軸一端之一側與該出料端件(26)固接，據以間接地固接於該擠筒(21)之另端外，一第二進料通道(32)係設於該混合筒(31)與該出料端件(26)相接之部位上，而得經由該出料端件(26)與該第一出料通道(23)相通，一第二出料通道(33)係設於該混合筒(31)之柱軸另端上，以與該第二進料通道(32)相隔開來，且藉由該混合筒(31)之混筒內部空間(311)而彼此相通，一混合轉件(34)係同軸於該混合筒(31)之柱軸而可轉動地設於該混合筒(31)內部，且介於該第二進料通道(32)與該第二出料通道(33)之間，俾以之使該高分子熔體自該第一出料通道(23)流出後，得以經由該第二進料通道(32)進入該混筒內部空間(311)，而受該混合轉件(34)之自轉而為擾動後，再自該第二出料通道(33)流出該混合單元(30)外。
該超臨界流體供給單元(40)係具有一用以使二氧化碳或氮氣等惰性氣體形成超臨界流體之供給系統(圖上未示)，並以管路及閥體等管線技術形成超臨界流體之流動通道，但由於該等氣體之超臨界狀態形成技術及其輸送技術乃屬習知技術之範躊，且非本發明之技術特徵，是以對其即略之不為贅言，惟與本發明之技術特徵有關者，係如第五圖所示，使該超臨界流體供給單元(40)具有多數呈孔狀之輸氣通道(41)，係設於該混合筒(31)鄰近該出料端件(26)之部位上，並與該混筒內部空間(311)連通，用以形成超臨界流體自外部進入該混筒內部空間(311)之流動通道。
藉由上述構件之組成，經該熱熔單元(20)熱熔後之高分子熔體，係受該推送件(24)所提供之推力，經由該第二進料通道(32)進入該混筒內部空間(311)中，同時，外部之超臨界流體亦經由該些輸氣通道(41)進入該混筒內部空間(311)中，而使高分子熔體與超臨界流體於該混筒內部空間(311)中，在該混合轉件(34)轉動下，彼此相互擾動而混合成為均質之單相溶液，再經由該第二出料通道(33)向外流出，以供使用。
而其中，為使高分子熔體與超臨界流體在該混筒空間(311)內混合均勻，係得以使該混合轉件(34)更包含有一直圓柱狀之柱身(341)，係可自轉地設於該混合筒(31)中，一第一溝部(342)係環設於該柱身(341)相鄰於該第二進料通道(32)與該輸氣通道(41)之一端的周側上，一第二溝部(343)則環設於該柱身(341)相鄰於該第二出料通道(33)之另端之周側上，據此以使該該柱身(341)於轉動時，得以經由該第一溝部(342)與該第二溝部(343)，對高分子熔體與超臨界流體形成擾動，以獲得較佳之混合效果者。
而進一步地，該第一溝部(342)與該第二溝部(343)更可如第六圖所示般，分別具有弧度相異之多數溝槽，據以使高分子熔體與超臨界流體於該混筒空間(311)中獲得更佳之混合效果者。
再者，如第七圖所示，該計量單元(50)係設於該混合單元(30)之第二出料通道(33)外，具有一概呈柱狀之中空之計量筒(51)，一用以連通該計量筒(51)之計量內部空間(511)與該第二出料通道(33)之連接通道(52)，一柱塞狀之送料件(53)係滑設於該計量內部空間(511)中，並可沿該計量筒(51)之柱軸往復位移，據此，經由該混合單元(30)所混合之單相溶液即可經由該連接通道進入該計量內部空間(511)中，以供計量。
於此應先加以說明者係，該單相溶液係以供送入模具內部模室模製成型者係為其通常之使用，而於本實施例中雖係揭露先將該單相溶液送入該計量單元(50)經計量後，將預定量之單相溶液再經由與該連接通道(52)相連通之注料通道注入外部之模具內，惟並不以之為限，於產業之利用上，亦可省略該計量單元，而使單向溶液經該混合單元(30)混合後，直接送入外部之模具內進行模製成型，至於其送入之方式究以連續或批次，或採射出乃至於押出等，均為可被實施之態樣者，且均可基於本發明之主要技術特徵以為之者，而均為本發明所得涵攝之實施態樣。
而在功效上，藉由將該混合單元(30)與該熱熔單元(20)相互分離之構造，係可使該推送件(24)之轉速與該混合轉件(34)之轉速彼此互不影響，而得以分別依其熱熔與混合之不同目的，分別選定其合適之轉動速度，以達到最佳之熱熔效果與混合效果，相較於習知技術必需互相牽制之構造，本發明所提供之技術內容，在產業之利用上自具有更為靈活之使用功效。
同時，為將固態高分子原料熱熔並進行擠壓推送之目的，該推送件(24)通常需有較大之溝深，以完成對高分子施以擠壓並推送之效果，而高分子熔體與超臨界流體間之均質混合，係以彼此間得以充分地相對流動為佳，因此，該混合轉件(34)所具有之該第一溝部(342)與該第二溝部(343)之溝深，即得以較該推送件(24)之溝深為小，以達到分散、小量之混合，據以獲得更佳之混合效果，惟此等關於溝之深度與形狀等之變化，係因應原料與條件而有變動，不應作為限制本發明之條件。
另外，為避免該混合單元(30)與該熱熔單元(20)間產生不當之回流，係可如第三圖至第五圖所示般，於該第一出料通道(23)與該第二進料通道(32)間設置一球狀之第一逆止閥(61)，以止擋該混合單元(30)中之混合物自該第二進料通道(32)逆流至該第一出料通道(23)中。
相同地，為避免該混合單元(30)與該計量單元(50)間之逆流，係可如第四圖與第七圖所示般，於該第二出料通道(33)與該連接通道(52)間，設置一球狀之第二逆止閥(62)，用以止擋位於該連接通道(52)中之混合物逆向回流至該第二出料通道(33)中，據此，當該計量單元(50)藉由該連接通道(52)將已計量之混合物注入外部模具時，即可避免混合物逆流至該混合單元(30)中。
再者，為知悉該混合單元(30)中之壓力與溫度等操作條件，係可於如第五圖所示般地，使該混合單元(30)更具有一設置於該混合筒(31)之壓力及/或溫度感測器(35)，據以感測該混筒內部空間(311)之壓力及/或溫度，以供產業實施上之控制。
由此可知，本發明所提供之超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構除在產業利用上可使熱熔與混合之作業不相互牽制，而利於使用外，更可容易達到使單相溶液達到均質混合之狀態，據以使模製之發泡體得以具有較佳之成型品質。
(10)‧‧‧超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構
(20)‧‧‧熱熔單元
(21)‧‧‧擠筒
(211)‧‧‧擠筒內部空間
(22)‧‧‧第一進料通道
(23)‧‧‧第一出料通道
(24)‧‧‧推送件
(25)‧‧‧入料斗
(26)‧‧‧出料端件
(30)‧‧‧混合單元
(31)‧‧‧混合筒
(311)‧‧‧混筒內部空間
(32)‧‧‧第二進料通道
(33)‧‧‧第二出料通道
(34)‧‧‧混合轉件
(341)‧‧‧柱身
(342)‧‧‧第一溝部
(343)‧‧‧第二溝部
(35)‧‧‧感測器
(40)‧‧‧超鄰界流體供给單元
(41)‧‧‧輸氣通道
(50)‧‧‧計量單元
(51)‧‧‧計量筒
(511)‧‧‧計量內部空間
(52)‧‧‧連接通道
(61)‧‧‧第一止逆閥
(62)‧‧‧第二止逆閥
第一圖係本發明一較佳實施例之立體圖。 第二圖係本發明一較佳實施例沿第一圖2-2割面線之剖視圖。 第三圖係本發明一較佳實施例沿第一圖3-3割面線之剖視圖。 第四圖係本發明一較佳實施例沿第一圖4-4割面線之剖視圖。 第五圖係本發明一較佳實施例沿第一圖5-5割面線之剖視圖。 第六圖係本發明一較佳實施例之混合轉件立體圖。 第七圖係本發明一較佳實施例沿第一圖7-7割面線之剖視圖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一種超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，包含有： 一熱熔單元，具有一中空之擠筒，一第一進料通道與一第一出料通道係分設於該擠筒之兩端，而分別連通該擠筒之中空內部與該擠筒之外部空間，一推送件係設於該擠筒中，並介於該第一進料通道與該第一出料通道間，用以將自該第一進料通道進入該擠筒中空內部之高分子原料，往該第一出料通道推送； 一混合單元，具有一中空之混合筒，一第二進料通道與一第二出料通道係分設於該混合筒之兩端上，並使該第二進料通道與該第一出料通道相通，據以使由該第一出料通道受推出之高分子原料，經由該第二進料通道進入該混合筒之中空內部，一混合轉件係介於該第二進料通道與該第二出料通道間地設於該混合筒中，並可於該混合筒中轉動而使容納於該混合筒中之高分子原料受到擾動； 一超臨界流體供給單元，係與該熱熔單元相隔開來地設於該混合單元上，用以將外部之超臨界流體導入該混合筒之中空內部，以與位於該混合筒中之高分子原料，同受該混合轉件之擾動而彼此混合成均質之單相溶液。
  2. 如請求項1所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該超臨界流體供給單元具有一輸氣通道，係設於該混合筒並與該混合筒之中空內部連通，用以形成外部超臨界流體進入該混合筒內部之流動通道。
  3. 如請求項2項所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該輸氣通道係與該第二進料通道相鄰。
  4. 如請求項3所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該混合轉件具有一柱身，係可轉動地設於該混合筒中，一第一溝部係環設於該柱身相鄰於該第二進料通道之一端之周側上，同時相鄰於該第二進料通道及該輸氣通道。
  5. 如請求項4所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該混合轉件係更包含有一第二溝部，係環設於該柱身相鄰於該第二出料通道之另端之周側上。
  6. 如請求項5所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該第一溝部與該第二溝部彼此係為不同弧度之弧形。
  7. 如請求項6所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該第一溝部與該第二溝部係彼此分隔開來。
  8. 如請求項1所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該推送件為螺桿，係可轉動地設於該擠筒中。
  9. 如請求項1所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其係更包含有一計量單元，係接收由該第二出料通道送出之該單相溶液，
  10. 如請求項9所述超臨界流體與高分子原料熔體之混合機構，其中，該計量單元係具有一中空之計量筒，係使中空內部空間與該第二出料通道相通，用以容納該單相溶液，一送料件，係滑設於該計量筒之中空內部空間中，用以將容納於該計量筒之該單相溶液送出該計量筒外。
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