TW201806965A - 具有自然免疫活化作用之多醣類及含有該多醣類之自然免疫活化劑或飲食品 - Google Patents
具有自然免疫活化作用之多醣類及含有該多醣類之自然免疫活化劑或飲食品 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201806965A TW201806965A TW106126890A TW106126890A TW201806965A TW 201806965 A TW201806965 A TW 201806965A TW 106126890 A TW106126890 A TW 106126890A TW 106126890 A TW106126890 A TW 106126890A TW 201806965 A TW201806965 A TW 201806965A
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Abstract
本發明之課題在於提供一種具有自然免疫活化作用之新穎物質。 本發明係一種多醣類、含有該多醣類作為有效成分之自然免疫活化劑、及含有該多醣類之飲食品,本發明之多醣類之特徵在於:其係具有自然免疫活化作用者,該多醣類含有25~50莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、15~50莫耳份之半乳糖、0~7莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~30莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~6莫耳份之木糖、及3~15莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣,且含有具有α-1,4鍵之半乳糖醛酸之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈作為主鏈。
Description
本發明係關於一種具有自然免疫活化作用之多醣類、及含有該多醣類之自然免疫活化劑或飲食品。
人類等高等脊椎動物具有自然免疫及獲得性免疫之2種免疫機制(免疫系統),藉由兩種免疫機制適當地發揮作用而進行對感染源之防禦。另一方面,昆蟲類等其餘大多生物不具有獲得性免疫機制,僅藉由自然免疫機制來進行對感染源之防禦。 自然免疫機制之特徵在於:其係生物所共有之感染防禦機制,且由於為非特異性,故而反應迅速,並對較多之感染源有效地發揮功能。即便對於人類等高等脊椎動物,就感染初期之抗性、癌或生活習慣疾病之預防、組織修復等觀點而言,亦認為與對感染源具有特異性之感染免疫相比,非特異性之自然免疫顯示出更重要之地位。 因此,認為自然免疫係傳染病初期之活體防禦機制之重要宿主因子,自然免疫之活化對傳染病之預防及治療有效。又,近年來,針對癌之醫藥品開發之重要性亦逐漸提高,從而以來自菌類之多醣類所具有之抗腫瘤活性為代表之自然免疫活化能力受到關注。 此前,本發明人等發現:若向蠶之肌肉標本注射來自真菌之β-葡聚醣或來自細菌之肽聚醣等自然免疫活化物質,則會誘導作為昆蟲細胞激素之痲痺肽而使自然免疫活化,與此同時,肌肉產生收縮(專利文獻1、非專利文獻1~3)。又,確立了簡便之自然免疫活化物質之探索系統,該系統係將由於該肌肉之收縮而身長產生變化之情況作為指標,此前於自綠茶等萃取之多醣類發現了自然免疫活化能力(非專利文獻4、5)。 關於蔬菜,從經驗上已知其對人類之健康維持所必需之營養素之攝取較為重要,另一方面,全世界範圍內亦進行傳統之將蔬菜作為藥草之應用,雖認為蔬菜有可能含有自然免疫活化物質,但明確視為具有使自然免疫功能活化之作用之物質目前為止尚不為人所知。 此前,本發明者發現青花菜之萃取物顯示出自然免疫活化作用(專利文獻1),但目前為止並未明確具體青花菜中之何種成分直接與自然免疫活化作用相關。因此,當然亦未明確該成分(化合物)之哪個部位(化學結構)具有自然免疫活化作用。 因此,不限於上述青花菜之萃取物,將來自生物之萃取成分(化合物)之化學鍵進行分解等而僅提取有效部位(化學結構)以製成自然免疫活化劑之嘗試幾乎未進行過。換言之,幾乎沒有將來自生物之萃取成分(化合物)作為原料以製備(合成)具有對自然免疫活化有效之化學結構之自然免疫活化劑之情況。 先前技術文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻1:國際公開第2008/126905號 非專利文獻 非專利文獻1:Activation of the silkworm cytokine by bacterial and fungal cell wall components via a reactive oxygen species-triggered mechanism. Ishii K, Hamamoto H, Kamimura M, Sekimizu K. J Biol Chem. 2008, 283 (4), 2185 - 91. 非專利文獻2:Insect cytokine paralytic peptide (PP) induces cellular and humoral immune responses in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Ishii K, Hamamoto H, Kamimura M, Nakamura Y, Noda H, Imamura K, Mita K, Sekimizu K. J Biol Chem. 2010, 285 (37), 28635 - 42. 非專利文獻3:Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidoglycans induce excessive activation of the innate immune system in silkworm larvae. Ishii K, Hamamoto H, Imamura K, Adachi T, Shoji M, Nakayama K, Sekimizu K. J Biol Chem. 2010, 285 (43), 33338 - 47. 非專利文獻4:Purification of innate immunostimulant from green tea using a silkworm muscle contraction assay. Dhital S, Hamamoto H, Urai M, Ishii K, Sekimizu K. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics. 2011, 5 (1), 18 - 15. 非專利文獻5:Evaluation of innate immune stimulating activity of polysaccharides using a silkworm (Bombyx mori) muscle contraction assay. T. Fujiyuki, H. Hamamoto, K. Ishii, M. Urai, K. Kataoka, T. Takeda, S. Shibata and K. Sekimizu. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 6 (2), 88 - 93, 2012.
[發明所欲解決之問題] 本發明係鑒於上述先前技術而完成者,其課題在於提供一種具有自然免疫活化作用之新穎物質。 [解決問題之技術手段] 本發明者為了解決上述課題而反覆進行了努力研究,結果為,使用由本發明者確立之蠶肌肉收縮活性測定法,自青花菜萃取物純化出自然免疫活化物質並進行結構解析。進而,亦對其活性所必需之結構進行了研究。 其結果為,藉由對青花菜之萃取物進行純化,而發現於至今結構未知之多醣類中存在具有自然免疫活化作用者。 進而,發現作為上述多醣類之構成成分之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈對於自然免疫活化作用承擔著重要之任務,從而完成了本發明。 即,本發明提供一種多醣類,其特徵在於:其係具有自然免疫活化作用者,且 該多醣類含有25~50莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、15~50莫耳份之半乳糖、0~7莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~30莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~6莫耳份之木糖、及3~15莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣,並 含有具有α-1,4鍵之半乳糖醛酸之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈作為主鏈。 又,提供一種自然免疫活化劑,其特徵在於含有上述多醣類作為有效成分。 又,提供一種飲食品,其特徵在於含有上述多醣類。 [發明之效果] 根據本發明,能夠提供一種具有新穎之化學結構之具有自然免疫活化作用之多醣類。 又,能夠提供一種含有該多醣類作為有效成分之自然免疫活化劑、或含有該多醣類之具有自然免疫活化作用之飲食品。 又,本發明之多醣類係極安全且亦無副作用者。又,由於亦容易製成各種劑型,且亦容易添加於飲食品中,故而能夠作為安全之自然免疫活化劑或功能性食品而極有效地使自然免疫活化。
以下,對本發明進行說明,但本發明並不限定於以下之具體形態,可於本發明之技術範圍內任意地變化。 <多醣類> 本發明之多醣類之特徵在於:其具有自然免疫活化作用,且 該多醣類含有25~50莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、15~50莫耳份之半乳糖、0~7莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~30莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~6莫耳份之木糖、及3~15莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣,並 含有α-1,4鍵之半乳糖醛酸具有之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈作為主鏈。 本發明之多醣類必須含有25~50莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、15~50莫耳份之半乳糖、0~7莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~30莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~6莫耳份之木糖及3~15莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣。 較佳為含有25~45莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、20~50莫耳份之半乳糖、1~7莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~20莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~6莫耳份之木糖及4~14莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣。 更佳為含有25~40莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、30~50莫耳份之半乳糖、3~7莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~10莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~5莫耳份之木糖及5~13莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣。 尤佳為含有30~40莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、35~45莫耳份之半乳糖、5~6莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~5莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~5莫耳份之木糖及6~12莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣。 於無損本發明之效果之範圍內,本發明之多醣類中亦可包含上述單醣以外之單醣。 本發明之多醣類含有具有α-1,4鍵之半乳糖醛酸之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈作為主鏈。於無損本發明之效果之範圍內,於聚半乳糖醛酸鏈中亦可包含半乳糖醛酸以外之單醣。 作為該「半乳糖醛酸以外之單醣」,例如可列舉鼠李糖等。 又,關於該「聚半乳糖醛酸鏈」中之半乳糖醛酸(單元)之鍵結比率,相對於該「聚半乳糖醛酸鏈」整體,較佳為20莫耳%~99莫耳%,更佳為30莫耳%~97莫耳%,尤佳為40莫耳%~95莫耳%。 作為主鏈之「聚半乳糖醛酸鏈」中之半乳糖醛酸(單元)之鍵結比率若過少,則存在上述多醣類之自然免疫活化作用下降之情況。另一方面,若過多,則難以獲得上述本發明之多醣類。 關於本發明之多醣類,由於不存在半乳糖醛酸甲酯,故而與果膠不同,係具有新穎結構之多醣類。進而,由於自天然物提取具有自然免疫活化作用之化學結構而作為「本發明之多醣類」,故而係新穎物質。 本發明之多醣類係藉由對青花菜萃取物進行純化而被發現。青花菜萃取物係由多種成分所構成。自該等成分中鑑定出具有自然免疫活化作用之成分並不容易。 本發明係藉由多次使用道義上問題較少且簡便之蠶肌肉收縮活性測定法,對上述「青花菜萃取物之多種成分」之自然免疫活化作用分別進行測定才完成。進而,自該等成分分解提取化學結構(單元),同樣地多次使用蠶肌肉收縮活性測定法,自多種化學結構(單元)之中發現具有自然免疫活化作用之化學結構(單元),從而完成本發明。 本發明之多醣類係自天然物藉由純化、分解等而獲得之來自天然物者,可為以天然物為原料進行化學修飾而獲得者等,亦可為完全合成者。 <自然免疫活化劑> 本發明之自然免疫活化劑之特徵在於含有上述多醣類作為有效成分。 作為有效成分含於本發明之自然免疫活化劑中之多醣類可為天然者,亦可為合成者。 本發明之自然免疫活化劑中之作為有效成分之多醣類相對於自然免疫活化劑整體之含量並無特別限制,可視目的適當決定。於將自然免疫活化劑整體設為100質量份時,作為多醣類之合計量,較佳為0.01~100質量份之含量,更佳為0.1~99質量份之含量,尤佳為1~95質量份之含量,進而較佳為10~90質量份之含量。 本發明之自然免疫活化劑除作為有效成分之上述多醣類以外,還可含有「其他成分」。 作為該「其他成分」,並無特別限制,於無損本發明之效果之範圍內,可視目的適當選擇,例如,可列舉藥學上可容許之載體等。 作為該載體,並無特別限制,例如,可視下述之劑型等適當選擇。又,作為該自然免疫活化劑中之該「其他成分」之含量,亦無特別限制,可視目的適當選擇。 作為本發明之自然免疫活化劑之劑型,並無特別限制,例如,可視如下述之所需之投予方法適當選擇。 具體而言,例如可列舉:經口固體劑(錠劑、包衣錠劑、顆粒劑、散劑、膠囊劑等)、經口液劑(內服液劑、糖漿劑、酏劑等)、注射劑(溶劑、懸浮劑等)、軟膏劑、貼附劑、凝膠劑、乳霜劑、外用散劑、噴霧劑、吸入散佈劑等。 作為上述經口固體劑,例如,可於上述有效成分中添加賦形劑,進而視需要添加結合劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、著色劑、矯味、矯嗅劑等添加劑,並藉由常規方法進行製造。 作為上述賦形劑,例如可列舉:乳糖、白糖、氯化鈉、葡萄糖、澱粉、碳酸鈣、高嶺土、微晶纖維素、矽酸等。 作為上述結合劑,例如可列舉:水、乙醇、丙醇、單糖漿、葡萄糖液、澱粉液、明膠液、羧甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基澱粉、甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、蟲膠、磷酸鈣、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮等。 作為上述崩解劑,例如可列舉:乾燥澱粉、海藻酸鈉、瓊脂末、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鈣、月桂基硫酸鈉、硬脂酸單甘油酯、乳糖等。 作為上述潤滑劑,例如可列舉:精製滑石、硬酯酸鹽、硼砂、聚乙二醇等。 作為上述著色劑,例如可列舉:氧化鈦、氧化鐵等。 作為上述矯味/矯嗅劑,例如可列舉:白糖、橙皮、檸檬酸、酒石酸等。 作為上述經口液劑,例如可於上述有效成分中添加矯味/矯嗅劑、緩衝劑、穩定劑等添加劑,並藉由常規方法進行製造。 作為上述矯味/矯嗅劑,例如可列舉:白糖、橙皮、檸檬酸、酒石酸等。作為上述緩衝劑,例如可列舉檸檬酸鈉等。作為上述穩定劑,例如可列舉:黃耆膠、阿拉伯膠、明膠等。 作為上述注射劑,例如可於上述有效成分中添加pH值調節劑、緩衝劑、穩定劑、等張劑、局部麻醉劑等,並藉由常規方法製造皮下用、肌內用、靜脈內用等之注射劑。 作為上述pH值調節劑及上述緩衝劑,例如可列舉:檸檬酸鈉、乙酸鈉、磷酸鈉等。作為上述穩定劑,例如可列舉:焦亞硫酸鈉、EDTA(ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,四乙酸乙二胺)、硫代乙醇酸、硫代乳酸等。作為上述等張劑,例如可列舉:氯化鈉、葡萄糖等。作為上述局部麻醉劑,例如可列舉:鹽酸普魯卡因、鹽酸利多卡因等。 作為上述軟膏劑,例如可於上述有效成分中調配公知之基劑、穩定劑、濕潤劑、保存劑等,並藉由常規方法進行混合而製造。 作為上述基劑,例如可列舉:液態石蠟、白凡士林、白蜂蠟、辛基十二烷醇、石蠟等。作為上述保存劑,例如可列舉:對羥苯甲酸甲酯、對羥苯甲酸乙酯、對羥苯甲酸丙酯等。 作為上述貼附劑,例如可藉由常規方法將作為上述軟膏劑之乳霜劑、凝膠劑、糊劑等塗佈於公知之支持體上而製造。作為上述支持體,例如可列舉:包含棉、人造短纖維、化學纖維之織布、不織布、軟質聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯等之膜、發泡體片等。 本發明之自然免疫活化劑例如可藉由向必需自然免疫機制之活化之個體(例如,必需維持健康或疲勞恢復之個體;必需癌或生活習慣疾病之預防或治療之個體;被細菌、真菌、病毒等感染之個體等)進行投予而使用。 作為本發明之自然免疫活化劑之投予對象動物,並無特別限制,例如可列舉:人類;小鼠;大鼠;猴;馬;牛、豬、山羊、雞等家畜;貓、狗等寵物;等。 又,作為上述自然免疫活化劑之投予方法,並無特別限制,例如可視上述自然免疫活化劑之劑型等而適當選擇,可列舉:經口投予、腹腔內投予、向血液中之注射、向腸內之注入等。 又,作為上述自然免疫活化劑之投予量,並無特別限制,可視作為投予對象之個體之年齡、體重、所需之效果之程度等適當選擇,例如,對成人1天之投予量以作為有效成分之上述多醣類整體之量計,較佳為1 mg~30 g,更佳為10 mg~10 g,尤佳為100 mg~3 g。 又,作為上述自然免疫活化劑之投予時期,亦無特別限制,可視目的適當選擇,例如,可預防性地進行投予,亦可治療性地進行投予。 <飲食品> 本發明之飲食品之特徵在於含有上述多醣類或上述本發明之自然免疫活化劑。 本發明之飲食品具有自然免疫活化作用。 含有上述多醣類或上述自然免疫活化劑之飲食品(以下,有時簡寫為「本發明之飲食品」)中之多醣類或自然免疫活化劑之含量並無特別限制,可視目的或飲食品之態樣(種類)適當選擇,於將飲食品整體設為100質量份時,以上述自然免疫活化劑之合計量計,較佳為含有0.001~100質量份,更佳為0.01~100質量份之含量,尤佳為0.1~100質量份之含量。 又,可單獨使用多醣類或自然免疫活化劑之任一種,亦可將2種以上併用。將2種以上併用之情形時之上述飲食品中之各物質之含量比並無特別限制,可視目的適當選擇。 本發明之飲食品除上述多醣類或上述本發明之自然免疫活化劑以外,可進而含有「其他成分」。 作為該具有自然免疫活化作用之本發明之飲食品中之上述「其他成分」,並無特別限制,可於無損本發明之效果之範圍內,視目的適當選擇,例如可列舉各種食品原料等。又,「其他成分」之含量並無特別限制,可視目的適當選擇。 作為上述飲食品之種類,並無特別限制,可視目的適當選擇,例如可列舉:果凍、糖果、巧克力、餅乾等糕點類;綠茶、紅茶、咖啡、清涼飲料等嗜好飲料;醱酵乳、酸乳酪、冰淇淋等乳製品;蔬菜飲料、水果飲料、果醬類等蔬菜、水果加工品;湯等液體食品;麵包類、麵類等穀物加工品;各種調味料等。 作為該等飲食品之製造方法,並無特別限制,例如可依據通常之各種飲食品之製造方法適當製造。 又,上述飲食品亦可為例如以錠劑、顆粒劑、膠囊劑等經口固體劑或內服液劑、糖漿劑等經口液劑之形式製造而成者。上述經口固體劑、經口液劑之製造方法並無特別限制,可視目的適當選擇,例如可效法上述藥劑之經口固體劑、經口液劑之製造方法進行製造。 認為上述飲食品作為以自然免疫機制之活化為目的之功能性食品、健康食品等尤其有用。 於將本發明之多醣類或自然免疫活化劑用於飲食品之製造之情形時,製造方法可由業者藉由周知之方法進行。只要為業者,則可適當組合將本發明之多醣類與其他成分進行混合之步驟、成形步驟、殺菌步驟、醱酵步驟、焙燒步驟、乾燥步驟、冷卻步驟、造粒步驟、包裝步驟等而製造目標飲食品。 實施例 以下,列舉實施例、比較例、試驗例而進一步具體地說明本發明,但本發明只要不超出其主旨,則並不限定於該等實施例等。 <熱水萃取> 將各種蔬菜裁剪後,添加水,進行高壓蒸氣滅菌處理(121℃、20分鐘)。放置冷卻後,進行離心(8000 rpm、10分鐘),將上清液作為「熱水萃取物」。 <蠶肌肉收縮活性測定法> 使樣品溶解於緩衝液中後,向蠶之肌肉標本注射100 μL,測量肌肉之收縮。於用注射前後之肌肉標本之長度之差除以注射前之長度所得之值(比活性或C值(Contraction value,收縮值))顯示為0.15以上的情形時,判定為有自然免疫活化能力。 <DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之純化> 對青花菜之熱水萃取物進行乙醇沈澱。熱水萃取方法係按照專利文獻1所記載之方法。使所得之沈澱物溶解於超純水中,對超純水進行透析後,進行冷凍乾燥。將其供於DEAE-纖維素(DEAE-cellulose)管柱層析法,針對各組分,利用苯酚-硫酸法進行還原醣量之測定。採集醣質溶出之波峰,並於進行透析後,進行冷凍乾燥。 <DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之結構解析> [[1.單醣組成分析]] 藉由三氟乙酸使DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分進行水解,對水解產物進行胺基苯甲酸乙酯標記,利用ODS(Octa Decyl Silyl,十八烷基矽烷基)管柱進行HPLC分析。針對混合有作為標準單醣之L-阿拉伯糖(Ara)、L-岩藻糖(Fuc)、D-半乳糖(Gal)、D-葡萄糖(Glc)、D-甘露糖(Man)、L-鼠李糖(Rha)、D-核糖(Rib)、D-木糖(Xyl)、D-半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、D-葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)、N-乙醯基-D-半乳胺糖(GalNAc)、N-乙醯基-D-葡糖胺(GlcNAc)、N-乙醯基-D-甘露糖胺(ManNAc)之試樣亦進行相同之處理,進行保持時間之比較。 [[2. NMR分析]] 於40℃下使27 mg之DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分溶解於重水(D2
O)中,進行1
H、13
CNMR及DQF-COSY(Double quantum filtered-COSY,雙量子濾波相關譜)、HMQC(Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Correlation,異核多量子相干譜)、HMBC(Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation,異核多鍵相關譜)、TOCSY(Total Correlation Spectroscopy,全相關譜)分析。 [[3.甲基化分析]] 對DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分進行甲基化後,藉由三氟乙酸使之水解。將其乙醯化後,製成醛醣醇乙酸酯,並藉由GCMS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer,氣相層析-質譜聯用儀)進行分析。 <DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之選擇性分解> [[1.利用草酸水解進行之阿拉伯糖之選擇性分解]] 對DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分進行草酸水解,中和後,進行透析、冷凍乾燥。 [[2.利用果膠酶進行之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈之分解]] 對DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分進行果膠酶(Sigma公司)處理。藉由加熱使酵素失去活性後,供於生物凝膠P4(Bio-gel P4)凝膠過濾管柱層析法,針對各組分,利用苯酚-硫酸法進行還原醣量之測定。生物凝膠P4(Bio-gel P4)凝膠過濾管柱係使用1150 nm×15 mm f者,且使用0.2 M乙酸作為溶出液。採集醣質溶出之波峰,進行減壓乾燥。 實施例1 [包含自然免疫活化物質之蔬菜之探索] 對17種蔬菜(青花菜、卷心菜、胡蘿蔔、甜椒、羅漢果、菠菜、大蒜、南瓜、生薑、迷你蕃茄、蘿蔔、豆苗、洋芹、黃瓜、茄子、蔥、白菜)之熱水萃取物,進行使用蠶肌肉收縮活性測定法之自然免疫活化能力之比較。 [表1]
表1係對17種蔬菜之熱水萃取物,使用蠶肌肉收縮活性測定法而獲得之比活性(C值)之結果。於比活性(C值)顯示為0.15以上之情形時,判定為有自然免疫活化能力。根據表1之結果,於青花菜之熱水萃取物發現了較強之自然免疫活化能力。 實施例2 [來自青花菜之自然免疫活化物質之純化] 自青花菜之熱水萃取物,以蠶肌肉收縮活性為指標而純化出自然免疫活化物質。表2係於各純化階段中之比活性(C值)之結果。 [表2]
對熱水萃取物進行乙醇沈澱,結果為,活性被沈澱物回收(表2),因此提示活性物質為多醣類。繼而,進行DEAE-纖維素管柱層析法,結果為,根據NaCl之梯度,均一之醣質之波峰溶出,於該組分發現比活性之上升(表2)。 其次,針對該組分研究用量反應性。將其結果示於圖1。圖1中,縱軸表示比活性(C值),橫軸表示DEAE-纖維素吸附組分(μg)。 若將C值(Contraction value)顯示為0.15之活性定義為1 unit,則顯示出67 unit/mg之比活性(圖1)。於本實施例中,將該組分作為純化組分而嘗試了進一步分析。 實施例3 [DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之結構解析] 為了明確所得之DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之單醣組成,而利用HPLC對三氟乙酸水解物進行了分析。將分析結果示於圖2。圖2a係針對標準樣品進行HPLC分析所得之結果,圖2b係針對DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分進行HPLC分析所得之結果。 圖2中,1表示D-葡萄糖醛酸,2表示D-半乳糖醛酸,3表示D-半乳糖,4表示D-甘露糖,5表示D-葡萄糖,6表示L-阿拉伯糖,7表示D-核糖,8表示N-乙醯基-D-甘露糖胺,9表示D-木糖,10表示N-乙醯基-D-葡糖胺,11表示L-岩藻糖,12表示L-鼠李糖,及13表示N-乙醯基-D-半乳胺糖。 圖2之結果為,檢測到半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、半乳糖(Gal)、葡萄糖(Glc)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)及鼠李糖(Rha),且其等之莫耳比為GalA:Gal:Glc:Ara:Rha=12.4:4.9:1.0:7.3:1.2。 其次,嘗試了利用NMR分析進行糖鏈結構之解析。將結果示於圖3。 1DNMR(One-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,一維核磁共振)分析之結果為,未檢測到對蛋白質及脂質具有特徵性之訊號,而顯示出對醣質具有特徵性之圖案(圖3)。 其次,進行各種2DNMR(Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,二維核磁共振)分析,進行所檢測到之訊號之歸屬,並彙總於表3。 [表3]
作為主要構成成分之GalA(半乳糖醛酸)之訊號強度較強,而確定形成了α-1,4鍵之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈。關於含量第2高之Ara(阿拉伯糖),可將一部分之訊號進行歸屬,且根據其化學位移值提示已α-1,5鍵結,但單醣組成分析中所檢測到之其他次要之醣殘基之訊號強度較弱,而無法進行全部訊號之歸屬。 因此,嘗試了利用甲基化分析確定醣鍵位置。將結果示於圖4。圖4中,1表示T-Araf,2表示T-Rhap,3表示3-Araf,4表示5-Araf,5表示T-Glcp,6表示T-Galp,7表示3,5-Araf,8表示2,4-Rhap,9表示4-GalpA,10表示4-Galp,11表示3-Galp,12表示6-Galp,及13表示3,6-Galp。 圖4之結果為,檢測到13種部分甲基化醛醣醇乙酸酯之波峰。根據各波峰之保持時間及質譜裂解方式(MS fragmentation pattern)來確定醣種類及鍵結位置,並彙總於表4。 表4中,例如,「T-Araf」表示非還原末端阿拉伯糖,「3-Galp」表示3-鍵結半乳糖,「3,5-Araf」表示3,5-鍵結阿拉伯糖。 [表4]
藉由甲基化分析,檢測到作為主要構成成分之1→4鍵結之半乳糖醛酸(GalA)及1→5鍵結之阿拉伯糖(Ara),而支持了NMR分析中之結果。又,關於單醣組成分析中所檢測到之其他次要之醣殘基,亦確定了鍵結位置。 實施例4 [自然免疫活化能力所必需之DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之結構] 為了確定自然免疫活化能力所必需之DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之結構,而製備選擇性地分解了作為主要構成成分之阿拉伯糖及半乳糖醛酸之結構修飾物,藉由蠶肌肉收縮活性對評價自然免疫活化能力進行了評價。將其結果示於表5。 [表5]
首先,嘗試了利用草酸水解進行阿拉伯糖(Ara)之選擇性分解、去除。單醣組成分析之結果為,Ara含量顯著地減少(表5)。 又,於70℃下使上述草酸水解物溶解於重水(D2
O)中,進行NMR分析。將結果示於圖5。 1DNMR分析之結果為,阿拉伯糖之訊號消失(圖5)。又,對該樣品(草酸水解物)進行蠶肌肉收縮活性測定,結果為,自然免疫活化能力未喪失(表5)。 其次,嘗試了藉由果膠酶處理進行聚半乳糖醛酸之分解。藉由生物凝膠P4(Bio-gel P4)凝膠過濾管柱層析法對分解產物進行區分,將區分所得之結果示於圖6。圖6中之1~4係分別與表5中之「Peak1」~「Peak4」對應。 圖6之結果為,檢測到4個波峰。對該等各波峰進行單醣組成分析,結果(表5)為,自Peak1及2檢測到GalA、Gal、Glc、Ara、Rha及Xyl。自Peak3未檢測到GalA而檢測到Gal、Glc、Ara、Rha及Xyl。自Peak4檢測到因果膠酶處理而游離之GalA單體。對各波峰進行蠶肌肉收縮活性測定,結果(表5)為,伴隨低分子化而自然免疫活化能力下降,自Peak3及Peak4未檢測到活性。 <實施例之概況及探討> 使用蠶肌肉收縮活性測定法,針對17種蔬菜之熱水萃取物,嘗試了自然免疫活化物質之探索,結果為,於青花菜發現了較高活性。然後,藉由本實施例,自青花菜純化出具有自然免疫活化能力之DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分。 嘗試了DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之結構解析,結果提示了如下情況:DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分為包含GalA、Gal、Glc、Ara及Rha之酸性多醣類,且作為主要結構,為具有α-1,4鍵結之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈作為主鏈,具有α-1,5鍵結之聚雙甲基矽氧烷鏈作為支鏈之結構。 根據上述結果,認為DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分係作為植物細胞壁成分之果膠之一種,但NMR分析之結果為,幾乎未檢測到通常果膠所包含之GalA甲酯之訊號,而提示為與此前所報告之果膠不同之結構。 為了確定自然免疫活化能力所必需之DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分之結構,將作為主要構成成分之阿拉伯糖及半乳糖醛酸選擇性地分解,結果為,由於藉由果膠酶處理將聚半乳糖醛酸鏈分解,故而伴隨低分子化而自然免疫活化能力下降、消失。 將與根據實施例之結果所預想之本發明之多醣類的結構及該多醣類之處理物之結構之一例相關的模式圖示於圖7。本發明之多醣類之結構並不限定於圖7之模式圖所示之結構。 此前,報告有較多自藥草等各種植物萃取之果膠具有免疫活化能力之情況。另一方面,言及免疫活性與結構之關係之報告較少,有果膠所包含之聚半乳糖結構為活性所必需之報告。 然而,本實施例中純化出之DEAE-纖維素管柱吸附組分由於聚半乳糖醛酸結構為活性所必需,故而提示具有與此前所報告之果膠之免疫活化能力不同之作用機理。 [產業上之可利用性] 根據本發明,可獲得使自然免疫功能活化之效果較高之多醣類,因此,可廣泛地用於各種飲食品、錠劑、顆粒、咀嚼片等。又,本發明之多醣類可尤佳地用作於活體內具有自然免疫功能活化作用之功能性食品、特定保健用食品、存在免疫功能降低問題之病人之飲食或護理飲食等之素材。進而,亦可廣泛用作醫藥品之原材料。
圖1係表示將DEAE-纖維素(Diethylaminoethyl cellulose,二乙胺乙纖維素)吸附組分注射至蠶中時之比活性(C值)之測定結果之圖表。 圖2(a)係表示標準樣品之HPLC(High performance liquid chromatography,高效液相層析)分析結果之圖譜,圖2(b)係表示DEAE-纖維素吸附組分之水解物之HPLC分析結果之圖譜。 圖3係DEAE-纖維素吸附組分之(a)500MHz1
HNMR(Nuclear magnetic resonance,核磁共振)圖譜及(b)125MHz13
CNMR圖譜。 圖4係表示對DEAE-纖維素吸附組分之醛醣醇乙酸酯衍生物之甲基化分析結果之圖譜。 圖5係草酸水解物之(a)500MHz1
HNMR圖譜及(b)125MHz13
CNMR圖譜。 圖6係表示藉由凝膠過濾層析對果膠酶處理物進行區分所得之結果之圖表。 圖7係表示本發明之多醣類及該多醣類處理物之化學結構之一例之模式圖。
Claims (3)
- 一種多醣類,其特徵在於:其係具有自然免疫活化作用者,且 該多醣類含有25~50莫耳份之半乳糖醛酸、15~50莫耳份之半乳糖、0~7莫耳份之葡萄糖、0~30莫耳份之阿拉伯糖、0~6莫耳份之木糖、及3~15莫耳份之鼠李糖作為構成醣,並 含有具有α-1,4鍵之半乳糖醛酸之聚半乳糖醛酸鏈作為主鏈。
- 一種自然免疫活化劑,其特徵在於含有如請求項1之多醣類作為有效成分。
- 一種飲食品,其特徵在於含有如請求項1之多醣類。
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- 2017-08-04 EP EP17839606.5A patent/EP3498737A4/en active Pending
- 2017-08-04 WO PCT/JP2017/029237 patent/WO2018030542A1/ja unknown
- 2017-08-04 RU RU2019105674A patent/RU2727667C1/ru active
- 2017-08-04 KR KR1020187036771A patent/KR102193595B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-08-04 CN CN202110838959.2A patent/CN113549163B/zh active Active
- 2017-08-04 US US16/309,098 patent/US11213058B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-04 BR BR112019002686-0A patent/BR112019002686B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2017-08-04 CA CA3033187A patent/CA3033187C/en active Active
- 2017-08-04 AU AU2017310867A patent/AU2017310867B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-04 CN CN201780035277.XA patent/CN109312002B/zh active Active
- 2017-08-09 TW TW106126890A patent/TWI660969B/zh active
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2021
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US20220160012A1 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
JP6788882B2 (ja) | 2020-11-25 |
EP3498737A4 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
CN109312002A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
BR112019002686A2 (pt) | 2019-10-29 |
RU2020120884A (ru) | 2020-08-11 |
CA3033187C (en) | 2021-11-30 |
RU2727667C1 (ru) | 2020-07-22 |
CN113549163A (zh) | 2021-10-26 |
AU2017310867A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
CA3033187A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
CN113549163B (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
KR102193595B1 (ko) | 2020-12-21 |
CN109312002B (zh) | 2021-08-13 |
RU2020120884A3 (zh) | 2021-11-23 |
US11213058B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
TWI660969B (zh) | 2019-06-01 |
AU2017310867B2 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
US20200138080A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
KR20190008931A (ko) | 2019-01-25 |
EP3498737A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
WO2018030542A1 (ja) | 2018-02-15 |
BR112019002686B1 (pt) | 2023-01-24 |
JP2018024737A (ja) | 2018-02-15 |
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