TW201722295A - 包含人乳縮氨酸之嬰兒配方奶粉 - Google Patents
包含人乳縮氨酸之嬰兒配方奶粉 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201722295A TW201722295A TW105142611A TW105142611A TW201722295A TW 201722295 A TW201722295 A TW 201722295A TW 105142611 A TW105142611 A TW 105142611A TW 105142611 A TW105142611 A TW 105142611A TW 201722295 A TW201722295 A TW 201722295A
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Abstract
一種嬰兒配方奶粉組成,含有一或更多人β-酪啡肽或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸。
Description
本發明係關於嬰兒配方奶粉組成,此組成擬真模仿母乳組成。特別地,本發明係關於含有衍生自β-酪蛋白蛋白質的人β-酪啡肽的嬰兒配方奶粉組成。
哺育嬰兒母乳至少到六個月大、較佳再多6至12個月的益處已充分證實。已知人乳可保護嬰兒免遭感染並降低健康問題率,包括糖尿病、肥胖症和氣喘發生。廣泛相信哺育母乳的嬰兒的整個腸內菌叢可提供抗感染性,且為免疫系統產後發育的重要刺激因子。母乳普遍認為係新生兒的最佳營養來源。然眾所周知許多母親無法哺育自己的嬰兒,因而使用嬰兒配方奶粉(亦稱作配方奶)來餵養嬰兒係較佳、或在某些情況下的唯一選擇。
成熟人乳含有3%-5%的脂肪、0.8%-0.9%的蛋白質、6.9%-7.2%的碳水化合物(依乳糖計算)和0.2%的礦物組分。主要的人乳蛋白質為乳清和酪蛋白。此等蛋白質平衡能使消化快速又容易。乳清蛋白質濃度從早期泌乳減低並持續下降。此變化將造成早期哺乳時的乳清/酪蛋白比率為約90:10,成熟乳時為60:40,晚期泌乳時為50:50。人乳的主要蛋白質係與牛β-酪蛋白、α-乳清蛋白、乳鐵蛋白、免疫球蛋白IgA、溶菌酶和血清白蛋白同型的酪蛋白。人乳的必要氨基酸型式極類似對人類嬰兒最佳者。
嬰兒配方奶粉組成設計係依據產後約一至三個月的母乳。最常用的嬰兒配方奶粉含有來自牛乳的純乳清和酪蛋白做為蛋白質來源、植物油混合物做為脂肪來源、乳糖做為碳水化合物來源、維生素-礦物質混合物和因製造商而異的其他成分。此外,一些嬰兒配方奶粉使用大豆做為蛋白質來源、而非牛乳,一些嬰兒配方奶粉針對對其他蛋白質過敏的嬰兒使用水解成組元氨基酸的蛋白質。除了人乳,嬰兒配方奶粉係醫療社群認為可供應一歲以下嬰兒營養的唯一其他乳製品(相對於牛乳、羊乳或不同組成的後續配方奶粉)。
牛乳通常包含約30克/公升的蛋白質。酪蛋白佔蛋白質的最大組元(80%),β-酪蛋白佔酪蛋白的約37%。過去二十年來,許多健康失調方面涉及酪蛋白蛋白質的證據越來越多,特別係β-酪蛋白。
β-酪蛋白族系包含多種變體,此一般已知有A1、A2、A3、B、C、D、E、F、G、H等。A1 β-酪蛋白和A2 β-酪蛋白係大多數人口消耗乳汁中的主要β-酪蛋白。申請人等先前已確定乳汁和乳製品的A1 β-酪蛋白消耗與某些健康狀況發生率間的關聯,包括I型糖尿病(WO 1996/014577)、冠狀心臟病(WO 1996/036239)和神經失調(WO 2002/019832)。另外,申請人已顯示A1 β-酪蛋白與腸道發炎(WO 2014/193248)、乳糖不耐(WO 2015/005804)和高血糖濃度(WO 2015/026245)間的關聯性。
A1 β-酪蛋白不同於A2 β-酪蛋白之處在於單一氨基酸。組氨酸氨基酸位在A1 β-酪蛋白的209個氨基酸序列的位置67,而脯氨酸位在A2 β-酪蛋白的相同位置。然此單一氨基酸差異對消化道的β-酪蛋白酵素分解至關重要。組氨酸存於位置67容許包含七個氨基酸的蛋白質片段(稱作β-酪啡肽-7(BCM-7))在酵素分解時產生。因此,BCM-7係A1 β-酪蛋白的分解產物。在A2 β-酪蛋白例子中,位置67被脯氨酸佔據,以致阻礙氨基酸鍵在此位置分裂。BCM-7並非A2 β-酪蛋白的分解產物。
所有β-酪蛋白可依據β-酪蛋白是否在位置67具有脯氨酸或組氨酸而分成A1型或A2型。A1型β-酪蛋白包括A1、B、C、G和H β-酪蛋白,A2型β-酪蛋白包括A2、A3、D、E和F β-酪蛋白。因此,A1型β-酪蛋白能在消化時產生BCM-7。A2型β-酪蛋白不能產生BCM-7。
β-酪啡肽(BCM)係衍生自β-酪蛋白的生物活性類鴉片縮氨酸。存於乳汁的蛋白脢酵素已知可在攝取前及消化期間從β-酪蛋白釋放BCM。BCM的肽鏈長度有所不同,例如BCM-4包含四個氨基酸,BCM-7包含七個氨基酸。所有BCM具有類鴉片活性,但帶有不同親和力。通常,BCM越短,對類鴉片受體的親和力越強。牛BCM結構上與人BCM類似,但不完全相同。例如,牛和人BCM-7的差異在於縮氨酸位置4和5的兩個氨基酸。此結構差異將影響BCM-7的類鴉片活性。牛BCM據證比人BCM有效至少10倍(即對µ-型類鴉片受體有更大的結合親和力)。
申請人現已發現相較於牛BCM-7(bBCM-7),人BCM-7(hBCM-7)展現較佳神經性作用,故相較於bBCM-7,對腦部成長及發展有正面影響。因此,預期含人BCM及/或人BCM的前驅縮氨酸的嬰兒配方奶粉將有益嬰兒的健康及發育。
因此,本發明係基於將母乳中發現的縮氨酸摻入嬰兒配方奶粉組成。縮氨酸較佳為、但不限於hBCM-5、hBCM-7和hBCM-5與hBCM-7的前驅縮氨酸。相關益處包括腦部成長與發展及改善免疫系統發育。
因此,本發明的目的為提供含有一或更多人β-酪啡肽或其生物前驅物的嬰兒配方奶粉組成,及至少提供現有組成的有用替代物。
在第一態樣中,提供嬰兒配方奶粉組成,含有一或更多人β-酪啡肽或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸。一或更多人β-酪啡肽可為BCM-4至BCM-24的任一者,但較佳為BCM-5及/或BCM-7。
在第二態樣中,提供製備嬰兒配方奶粉組成的方法,包括添加一或更多人β-酪啡肽至成分混合物的步驟。
在另一態樣中,提供本發明嬰兒配方奶粉組成的用途,用作嬰兒食品。
在又一態樣中,提供一或更多人β-酪啡肽或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸的用途,用於製備嬰兒配方奶粉組成。
本發明係關於嬰兒配方奶粉組成,含有人β-酪啡肽(BCM),特別係BCM-5、BCM-7及/或前驅縮氨酸。
「β-酪啡肽」一詞意指衍生自乳蛋白質β-酪蛋白分解的任一縮氨酸。
「嬰兒配方奶粉」一詞意指用於餵養12個月以下嬰幼兒的製造食品,通常係從粉末(與水混合)或液體(有或無額外的水)備好用於瓶餵或杯餵。美國聯邦食品藥品與化妝品法案(FFDCA)將嬰兒配方奶粉定義為「據稱或代表唯一用作嬰兒食品特殊飲食用途的食品,因為其模擬人乳或適合完全或部分取代人乳」。嬰兒配方奶粉設計大致係依據產後約一至三個月的母乳。最常用的嬰兒配方奶粉含有乳牛的純乳清和酪蛋白做為蛋白質來源、植物油混合物做為脂肪來源、乳糖做為碳水化合物來源、維生素-礦物質混合物和因製造商而異的其他成分。
「前驅縮氨酸」一詞意指可消化或以其他方式轉化或分解成另一縮氨酸的任一縮氨酸或另一縮氨酸的結構類似物。通常,前驅縮氨酸的氨基酸鏈在一或更多位置分裂而產生具較少氨基酸殘基的縮氨酸。例如,BCM-9和BCM-11係BCM-5的前驅縮氨酸。特定縮氨酸的「結構類似物」包括生物功能和特定縮氨酸一樣的任一縮氨酸或擬肽物,儘管結構與特定縮氨酸不同。
「奶粉」亦稱作「乳粉」或「乾燥乳粉」且意指已蒸發至乾燥並已形成粉末或加工形成粉末的乳汁。
如上述,牛β-酪蛋白可分成A1 β-酪蛋白和A2 β-酪蛋白。此二蛋白質係大多數人口消耗乳汁中的主要β-酪蛋白。A1 β-酪蛋白不同於A2 β-酪蛋白之處在於單一氨基酸。組氨酸氨基酸位在A1 β-酪蛋白的209個氨基酸序列的位置67,而脯氨酸位在A2 β-酪蛋白的相同位置。然此單一氨基酸差異對消化道的β-酪蛋白酵素分解至關重要。組氨酸存於位置67容許包含七個氨基酸的蛋白質片段(稱作β-酪啡肽-7(BCM-7))在酵素分解時產生。因此,BCM-7係A1 β-酪蛋白的分解產物。在A2 β-酪蛋白例子中,位置67被脯氨酸佔據,以致阻礙氨基酸鍵在此位置分裂。故BCM-7並非A2 β-酪蛋白的分解產物。
諸如B β-酪蛋白和C β-酪蛋白等其他β-酪蛋白變體亦在位置67具有組氨酸,諸如A3、D和E等其他變體則在位置67具有脯氨酸。但此等變體量在源自歐洲牛的牛乳中非常少或根本沒發現。故在本發明內文中,「A1 β-酪蛋白」一詞係指位置67具組氨酸的任一β-酪蛋白,「A2 β-酪蛋白」一詞係指位置67具脯氨酸的任一β-酪蛋白。
BCM-5和BCM-7被認為是BCM中較重要的。BCM-5和BCM-72對類鴉片受體具有最大親和力,是以為BCM縮氨酸中研究最多者。母乳存有BCM-5和BCM-7已有研究(Jarmolowska等人,Peptides, 2007, 28, 1982-1986)。初乳的BCM-5(5倍高)與BCM-7(8倍高)濃度均明顯高於成熟乳。母乳存有的BCM-5量據察為約5微克/公升(μg/L)(初乳)至約0.5 μg/L(4個月),至於BCM-7,為約3 μg/L(初乳)至約0.3 μg/L(4個月)。據察BCM-5和BCM-7以約1.6:1的比存於初乳,在分娩一個月收集的乳汁中為約2.5:1,在分娩四個月收集的乳汁中為約1.7:1。由於BCM富含脯氨酸,故可高度抵抗大多數蛋白脢攻擊。此意指BCM可以不變形式抵達腸道及影響腸黏膜。腸黏膜和免疫系統在出生後12天尚未成熟,意即在此期間生物分子對腸道滲透性很高。初乳中的大量BCM-5與BCM-7指示在通過腸道屏障及進入體循環後,BCM-5與BCM-7不僅影響胃腸道,亦影響整個生物體。
從第1圖可知,人β-酪蛋白不同於牛A1 β-酪蛋白或A2 β-酪蛋白。更特定言之,BCM-7序列編碼因物種而異。故此等縮氨酸具有不同作用。
申請人已研究牛BCM與人BCM間的功能差異,且發現某些人BCM較其牛對應物更具潛在重要有益特性。研究結果對嬰兒配方奶粉製造有重要意義,特別係在嬰兒配方奶粉中使用人BCM,以供嬰兒的腸道發育、腦部成長與發展及免疫系統發育。
因此,本發明提供嬰兒配方奶粉組成,含有一或更多人β-酪啡肽或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸。一或更多人β-酪啡肽可為BCM-4至BCM-24的任一者(即BCM-4、BCM-5、BCM-6、BCM-7、BCM-8、BCM-9、BCM-10、BCM-11、BCM-12、BCM-13、BCM-14、BCM-15、BCM-16、BCM-17、BCM-18、BCM-19、BCM-20、BCM-21、BCM-22、BCM-23和BCM-24的任一者)。前驅縮氨酸可選自包含BCM-4、BCM-5、BCM-6、BCM-7、BCM-8、BCM-9、BCM-10、BCM-11、BCM-12、BCM-13、BCM-14、BCM-15、BCM-16、BCM-17、BCM-18、BCM-19、BCM-20、BCM-21、BCM-22、BCM-23和BCM-24的任一結構類似物的群組。
在本發明的一些實施例中,組成進一步包括源自牛乳的β-酪蛋白,其中牛乳的β-酪蛋白總含量包含至少50% w/w(重量/重量)的A2 β-酪蛋白,較佳為至少90% w/w的A2 β-酪蛋白,例如至少91% w/w、至少95% w/w、至少98% w/w、至少99% w/w或甚至100% w/w的A2 β-酪蛋白。
儘管β-酪蛋白變體較佳為A2 β-酪蛋白,但應理解A2 β-酪蛋白可為任一A2型β-酪蛋白變體,即A2、A3、D、E和F β-酪蛋白的任一者,且在β-酪蛋白氨基酸序列的位置67具有脯氨酸。在本發明的一些實施例中,牛乳取自已知具有β-酪蛋白A2A2基因型的乳牛。
先對乳牛就β-酪蛋白基因進行基因分型、辨別能在乳汁中產生A2 β-酪蛋白且無其他β-酪蛋白的乳牛(即具A2A2交替基因的乳牛),及替此等乳牛擠奶,以獲得包含主要或僅A2 β-酪蛋白的β-酪蛋白的乳汁(即含有少量或不含A1 β-酪蛋白)。方法大致描述於WO 1996/036239,熟諳動物基因型、畜群形成及牛乳生產與供應領域的技術者將可明白及理解。
併入本發明嬰兒配方奶粉的人BCM可以任何已知標準技術製備。技術包括化學合成、重組DNA技術及從母乳分離縮氨酸。
如實例1所示,儘管二者均統稱蛋白外啡肽,但bBCM-7與hBCM-7對短期和長期基因表現型式有對比效應。
申請人研究在hBCM-7和bBCM-7影響下的全基因組表觀遺傳改變。為研究二縮氨酸與嗎啡引起的功能途徑和基因網絡改變,乃收集DNA甲基化MBD定序和DNA微陣列資料。研究對照組SH-SY5Y神經母細胞瘤細胞和用1μM hBCM-7、bBCM-7或嗎啡處理4小時的細胞。嗎啡做為陽性類鴉片作用對照組。
整個基因組DNA MBD定序顯示差別甲基化啟動子轉錄(DMT),如定義為FDR<0.1。微陣列資料顯示差別表現轉錄(DET),定義為表現差異(fold-change)≥1.5,原始p值≤0.05,此包括來自基因和非編碼區域的差別甲基化/轉錄基因。
第2圖的文氏圖圖示在SH-SY5Y神經母細胞瘤細胞中的DET與DMT型式重疊及對比,細胞用1μM嗎啡、bBCM-7或hBCM-7處理4小時(n=5)。基因表現由全基因組微陣列分析,以產生DET列表(A圖)。DNA甲基化由MBD定序分析,以產生DMT列表(B圖)。將DMT和DET作圖以說明相較於未處理對照組,一或更多處理組造成的重疊轉錄改變。就DET而言,N=3;表現差異≥1.5;原始p值≤0.05。就DMT而言,FDR<0.1。
實例2顯示hBCM-7和bBCM-7對神經元幹細胞(NSC)生長和分化的對比影響,其中bBCM-7更近似嗎啡對照組,hBCM-7顯示更多細胞分化。比起施用其他類鴉片縮氨酸,包括bBCM-7,施用hBCM-7更能促進NSC神經元新生。當hBCM-7從3 dpp(平板培養後天數)開始施用1天時,效果最明顯。
實例3顯示在3 dpp時類鴉片縮氨酸(嗎啡、bBCM-7、hBCM-7和bBCM-9)對分化NSC的細胞內硫醇量(GSG:GSSH比率)的影響。茲發現施用bBCM-7或嗎啡將顯著提高GSH/GSSG比率(第4圖),及顯著降低SAM/SAH比率(第5圖)。對照之下,此等比率都不受hBCM-7或bBCM-9影響。相較於對照組細胞中的程度,四種縮氨酸皆傾向減少CpG甲基化,其中hBCM-7與bBCM-9相當且明顯不同於對照組和bBCM-7(第6圖)。氧化還原狀態和細胞內抗氧化劑量(例如GSH)及施體SAM程度形式的甲基化能力係促成NSC分化過程的重要因素。
hBCM-7與bBCM-9(此衍生自A2 β-酪蛋白)間功能類似能有力指出,不僅人BCM有益做為嬰兒配方奶粉組成成分,組成的奶粉基料較佳應源自具有A2 β-酪蛋白(或任何A2型β-酪蛋白)的乳汁做為本源或唯一的β-酪蛋白組元。應避免從含有大量A1 β-酪蛋白(或任何A1型β-酪蛋白)的乳汁獲得奶粉。
儘管hBCM-7和bBCM-7的根本差別作用機制並不清楚,但bBCM-7對表現在NSCs上的μ類鴉片受體具有更強催動活性,導致氧化還原和甲基化狀態變化更大。相對於在嬰兒早期餵養配方奶粉,此差別作用亦有助於哺乳的健康益處。
本發明的嬰兒配方奶粉組成可利用任何已知製造製程製備。一或更多人BCM縮氨酸或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸可在製程的任一適合階段加入。
嬰兒配方乳粉可以任何標準方法製造,通常係利用乾摻製程或溼混/噴霧乾燥製程。在乾摻製程中,成分係脫水粉末形式且混合在一起而達成完整嬰兒配方奶粉產品所需巨量與微量營養素的均勻摻合物。摻合產物接著過篩以移除過大顆粒和外來材料。接著將過篩產品轉移到袋子、攜帶包或內襯纖維板桶儲存。在一些情況下,粉末直接轉移到粉末包裝線。在包裝線上,粉末轉移到填料漏斗,以將粉末供給至裝罐線。裝好的罐子用鈍氣沖淨、封口、標記、編碼及裝箱。
在溼混/噴霧乾燥製程中,將成分摻合在一起、勻化、低溫殺菌及噴霧乾燥,以製造粉末產品。將大批成分與水混合,隨後泵送至熱交換器進行低溫殺菌。液體通常會勻化,並加入任何熱敏微量營養素(例如維生素、氨基酸和脂肪酸)。液體可藉由使之通過蒸發器來濃縮,或可直接泵送至噴霧乾燥器。噴霧乾燥後,產物可能團聚而增加粒度,及改善溶解度。在替代製程中,可利用轉筒乾燥來乾燥乳汁,其中乳汁如薄膜般施加於加熱轉筒表面。隨後刮掉乳固形物。亦可採用冷凍乾燥。乳汁的乾燥方法及加工熱處理將改變奶粉性質,例如在冷水中的溶解度、風味及成堆密度。將成品粉末過篩,接著轉移到袋子、攜帶包或筒倉儲存,或直接轉移到粉末包裝線。
本說明書引用的任何先前技術文獻不應視為承認此先前技術為眾所周知或構成此領域公眾常識的一部分。
本說明書所用「包含」及類似用語不宜以排除或窮盡意義來解釋。換言之,此擬指「包括、但不限於」。
本發明將進一步參照以下實例描述。當明白主張的本發明不擬以任何方式受此等實例限制。實例 實例 1 : hBCM-7 相對 bBCM-7 對短期與長期基因表現的對比影響 材料
嗎啡取自Sigma Chemicals(目錄編號:M8777,美國密蘇里州聖路易斯市)。人及牛型BCM-7由Neopeptide(美國麻州劍橋市)客製化合成。SH-SY5Y人類神經母細胞瘤細胞購自ATCC®(美國維吉尼亞州馬納薩斯)。
細胞在10公分標準組織培養皿中生長成增殖單層,培養皿含有10毫升、取自Mediatech(美國維吉尼亞州馬納薩斯)並補充1%盤尼西林-鏈黴素-兩性霉素(亦取自Mediatech)的α-改質的最少必要培養基(α-MEM)及10%、取自HyClone(美國猶他州洛根市)、在37℃下伴隨5% CO2
(二氧化碳)的胎牛血清(FBS)。在RNA或DNA萃取前,細胞(轉移#4)用1μM hBCM-7、bBCM-7、嗎啡處理4小時或不處理以做為對照組。此濃度係基於先前劑量反應研究選擇,並指示1μM將產生最大限度抑制EAAT3-媒介半胱胺酸攝取。
出自細胞培養以用於分析DNA甲基化的DNA係利用取自Epigentek(美國紐約州法明代爾)的FitAmpTM
血液與培養細胞DNA萃取套件分離。使用ND-1000 NanoDrop(美國德拉瓦州威爾明頓)分光儀來定量分離DNA。出自細胞培養以用於分析RNA轉錄的RNA係利用取自Ambion(美國德州奧斯汀)的RNAqueous®-4PCR套件分離。分離RNA用DNase處理,隨後使用ND-1000 NanoDrop分光儀進行RNA定量。用Easy DNA套件(Invitrogen K1800-01;美國紐約州格蘭德島)從樣品萃取基因組DNA,及就細胞株使用適當規程。
DNA甲基化測量係使用MethylCap-Seq規程(De Meyer等人,PLoS ONE,2013;8,e59068)進行。EdgeR(Robinson等人,Bioinforma Ox.Engl.2010; 26:139-40)用於偵測各條件間具不同MBD覆蓋率的區域。
在微陣列混種方面,源自各樣品共500奈克(ng)的RNA係利用低RNA輸入線性擴大標記套件(Agilent Technologies,美國加州帕洛阿爾托)及依循製造商規程,以螢光染料(Cy3;Amersham Biosciences Corp,美國紐約州皮斯卡特維)標記。使用NanoDrop ND-1000分光儀及Agilent生物分析儀,評估螢光標記為cRNA的量與品質。根據製造商的說明書,在洗滌及掃描前,使1.6毫克的Cy3標記cRNA與Agilent人全基因組寡聚微陣列(Agilent Technologies公司,美國加州帕洛阿爾托)混種17小時。利用特徵提取軟體(Agilent Technologies公司,美國加州帕洛阿爾托),從掃描影像提取資料。
利用Student t檢定(表現差異≥1.5,原始p值≤0.05),進行成對比較(例如hBCM-7[4小時]對bBCM-7[4小時]),以產生差別表現基因列表。
利用Graph Pad Prism® 5.01版進行統計分析。針對個別手段的Student t檢定用於測試未處理對照組與實驗組間的顯著差異。資料表示成平均值±平均標準誤差(SEM)。利用單因子變異數分析(ANOVA)、隨後為Tukey事後檢定來比較多組資料,以確定各組間的差異。方法
SH-SY5Y神經母細胞瘤細胞用1μM hBCM-7和bBCM-7處理。經處理或不處理4小時後,分離RNA和DNA。利用微陣列方式評估反映基因表現短期變化的轉錄改變(DET),及在450000個CpG位點分析基因表現的長期影響,此係透過CpG甲基化(DMT)狀態獲得。經由Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 4.0評估兩個端點的功能影響,及進行KEGG途徑分析,以鑑定轉錄間的生物相互作用,此在DNA甲基化或轉錄程度方面有明顯變化(p<0.05,FDR<0.1)。結果繪示於第2圖。 實例 2 : hBCM-7 和 bBCM-7 對胎兒幹細胞神經元新生的對比影響 神經元幹細胞培養
使預先分離及冷凍的神經元幹細胞培養物適當解凍、保持及培養。細胞懸浮液在合成培養基(DF12)中生長,DF12由DMEM/F12(1:1)、2mM L-麩胺酸、1mM丙酮酸鈉、抗生素/抗黴菌劑(Invitrogen,美國紐約州格蘭德島)、0.6%的葡萄糖,25微克/毫升的胰島素,20nM助孕酮、60μM腐胺、30nM亞硒酸鈉(全取自Sigma,美國密蘇里州聖路易斯市)、100微克/毫升的人類轉鐵蛋白(Roche,美國印第安納州印第安納波利斯)、20奈克/毫升的人類重組內皮生長因子(EGF;Roche或Invitrogen,美國伊利諾州芝加哥)及鹼性纖維母細胞生長因子(bFGF;Upstate Biotechnology,美國紐約州普萊西德湖)組成。細胞如浮動團粒(神經球)般生長,並且每3-4天利用機械解離轉移。經最少四次轉移後,依18000個細胞/平方公分的密度在塗覆15微克/毫升聚-L-賴胺酸(Sigma)的8孔細胞培養載玻片(Nalge Nunc International,美國伊利諾州內伯維爾)上平板培養細胞。將培養物保持在DF12及EGF或EGF加bFGF中3天,接著在無生長因子情況下轉換到DF12,以進行更長培養時間。在3至10 dpp之間的不同時間點進行免疫細胞化學研究。為分析類鴉片縮氨酸的作用,用濃度10μM的嗎啡、人hBCM-7、牛bBCM-7及bBCM-9(American Peptide,美國加州森尼維爾)處理細胞。在無菌水中重建縮氨酸,及在37℃下培養1天或3天。將平行孔保持在無測試縮氨酸的DF12中(未處理組)。在處理後的1、3或10天進行免疫細胞化學分析。間接免疫細胞化學
用4%多聚甲醛固定細胞20分鐘,在20℃下用乙醇-乙酸溶液(19:1)滲透20分鐘,用10%胎牛血清凍結,及在4℃下用一級抗體培養整夜。姐妹培養物用作陰性對照組並經類似處理,除了在各例中無一級抗體培養。免疫螢光分析用於偵測所有抗原。單株抗巢蛋白(clone Rat 401;1:200)取自Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank(愛荷華大學,美國愛荷華州愛荷華市)。多株抗膠質原纖維酸性蛋白(1:500)購自Dakopatts(格洛斯楚普,丹麥)。單株抗β微管蛋白同型III(1:2000)及多株抗β微管蛋白同型III(1:2000)購自Covance(美國加州里士滿)。多株抗O1(1:5)取自融合瘤細胞並購自American Type Culture Collection(美國維吉尼亞州馬納薩斯)。單株抗溴脫氧尿核甘(BrdU;1:50)取自Dako(英國海威科姆),單株抗神經核(NeuN)取自Chemicon(美國加州特曼庫拉)。至於神經抗原的單一標記,用AlexaFluor 568或AlexaFluor 488標記的山羊抗鼠IgG(H+L)或山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)購自Molecular Probes(美國奧勒岡州尤金市)。細胞增生及凋亡評估
為鑑定增生細胞,在細胞固定前24小時加入100μM BrdU(胸腺核苷的類似物)。用乙醇乙酸溶液(19:1)滲透後,在4℃下用2N HCl處理細胞30分鐘,使DNA變性。在室溫下加入針對BrdU的一級單株抗體(1:20;Dakopatts),計1小時,及使用AlexaFluor 488標記的山羊抗鼠IgG(H+L)偵測。此方法能鑑定過去24小時內已複製DNA的細胞。用Hoechst 33342(LifeTechnologies,美國馬里蘭州)將凋亡細胞視覺化為片段核凝縮藍染細胞核,及在螢光顯微鏡下計數(López-Toledano M. A.與Shelanski M. L.,2004 Neurogenic effect of beta-amyloid peptide in the development of neural stem cells; J Neurosci. 24(23):5439-44)。結果繪示於第3A圖至第3D圖。 實例 3 :比較對 h BCM-7 與衍生自 bBCM-9 的 A2 β酪蛋白 間所示細胞反應的影響,依細胞 GSH : GSSH 比率和酵素活性與甲基化反映的 DNA 甲基化活性佐證 分離細胞內硫醇代謝物
如實例2所述,使神經元幹細胞培養物在幹細胞專用生長培養基中生長至群集,接著用指示藥物培養特定時間。吸出培養基,用1毫升的冰冷HBSS洗滌細胞兩次。隨後吸出HBSS,將0.6毫升的冰冷dH2
O加至細胞,及從燒瓶/皿刮下細胞。在冰上超音波處理細胞懸浮液15秒,100微升的超聲處理劑用於測定蛋白質含量。將剩餘溶菌液和等體積的0.4N過氯酸一起加入微量離心管,並在冰上培養5分鐘。以10000g離心樣品,將上澄液轉移到新的微量離心管。接著,將100微升的樣品加至錐形微量自動採樣小瓶,並在自動採樣冷卻盤中維持4℃。最後,將10微升的樣品注入高效液相層析(HPLC)系統。HPLC 量測細胞內硫醇
量測下列代謝物的濃度:半胱胺酸(CYS)、胱胺酸(CYS2)、穀胱甘肽(GSH)、穀胱甘肽二硫化物(GSSG)、高半胱胺酸(HCY)、高胱胺酸(HCY2)、甲硫氨酸(MET)、S
-腺苷基高半胱胺酸(SAH)和S
-腺苷基甲硫氨酸(SAM)。利用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8分析管柱(3×150毫米;3.5微米)和Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8(4.6×12.5毫米;5微米)保護管柱分離氧化還原和甲基化途徑代謝物。採用兩個流動相。流動相A包含0%乙腈、25mM磷酸鈉、1.4mM 1-辛烷磺酸並用磷酸調整pH為2.65。流動相B係50%乙腈。流率最初設為0.6毫升/分鐘,使用分級梯度如下:0-9分鐘0% B,9-19分鐘50% B,19-30分鐘50% B。接著在下一行程前,用5% B平衡管柱。管柱溫度維持在27℃。電化學偵測器為ESA CoulArray並具BDD Analytical Cell Model 5040,操作電位設為1500毫伏。利用標準校正曲線和ESA軟體,由各代謝物的峰面積測定樣品濃度,接著就蛋白質濃度歸一化。依需求將一些樣品稀釋於流動相,或注入至多50毫升的樣品,以確保硫醇濃度在標準曲線範圍內。分離基因組 DNA
從培養細胞分離基因組DNA,以量測全域DNA甲基化。利用FitAmp血液與培養細胞DNA萃取套件(Epigentek,美國紐約州法明代爾),從採收細胞分離DNA。用RNA酵素處理以清除分離DNA中的任何污染RNA,及利用ND-1000 NanoDrop分光儀(Thermo Scientific)定量。量測全域 DNA 甲基化
根據製造商的操作指南(Epigentek),利用MethylFlash甲基化DNA定量套件進行全域DNA甲基化分析。簡言之,使用100奈克乾淨的基因組DNA,及在類酵素連結免疫吸附反應中使用5-甲基胞嘧啶單株抗體來定量DNA甲基化。依據微盤分析儀各孔在450奈米下的光學密度,計算甲基化DNA量。將結果相對以套件的甲基化標準0%至100%製備的標準曲線歸一化。資料分析
結果以一式三份或一式四份完成個別實驗中各抗體的陽性細胞直接計數的平均值±平均標準誤差表示。如所示,資料係相對相關對照組歸一化。在各培養中,在共焦顯微鏡下計數25個預定視野。利用Hoechst核染色,就相同面積的總細胞數校正陽性細胞數。適當使用Bonferroni事後檢定或Student t檢定的變異數分析來進行統計分析。P<0.05時視為差異顯著。所有統計分析係使用Prism 6.0軟件(Graph-Pad Software,美國加州聖地亞哥)進行。結果繪示於第4圖至第6圖。
儘管本發明已以實例說明如上,但應理解在不脫離本發明申請專利範圍所界定的範圍內,當可作各種更動與潤飾。另外,關於特定特徵結構存有的已知均等物,此均等物當如同本說明書已具體提及般併入。
無
第1圖圖示牛A1 β-酪蛋白、牛A2 β-酪蛋白和人β-酪蛋白的部分氨基酸序列。
第2圖圖示文氏圖A及B,並描述人BCM-7(hBCM-7)與牛BCM-7(bBCM-7)間的基因表現(DET)和基因啟動子甲基化程度(DMT)對比型式。
第3A圖係用鹽水對照組處理的胎兒幹細胞放大圖,並顯示大規模神經元分化。
第3B圖係用1μM嗎啡處理的胎兒幹細胞放大圖,並顯示大規模神經元增生。
第3C圖係用1μM hBCM-7組處理的胎兒幹細胞放大圖,並顯示較bBCM-7多的神經元分化。
第3D圖係用1μM bBCM-7組處理的胎兒幹細胞放大圖,並顯示較hBCM-7少的神經元分化。
第4圖圖示hBCM-7、bCM-7和bBCM-9的GSH:GSSG比率。
第5圖圖示hBCM-7、bCM-7和bBCM-9的SAM/SAH比率。
第6圖圖示hBCM-7、bCM-7和bBCM-9的CpG甲基化程度。
國內寄存資訊 (請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無
國外寄存資訊 (請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無
(請換頁單獨記載) 無
Claims (16)
- 一種嬰兒配方奶粉組成,含有一或更多人β-酪啡肽或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸。
- 如請求項1所述之組成,其中該一或更多人β-酪啡肽選自包含BCM-4、BCM-5、BCM-6、BCM-7、BCM-8、BCM-9、BCM-10、BCM-11、BCM-12、BCM-13、BCM-14、BCM-15、BCM-16、BCM-17、BCM-18、BCM-19、BCM-20、BCM-21、BCM-22、BCM-23和BCM-24的群組。
- 如請求項1或請求項2所述之組成,其中該一或更多人β-酪啡肽選自BCM-5和BCM-7。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之組成,包含BCM-5與BCM-7。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項所述之組成,其中該一或更多人β-酪啡肽或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸選自包含BCM-4、BCM-5、BCM-6、BCM-7、BCM-8、BCM-9、BCM-10、BCM-11、BCM-12、BCM-13、BCM-14、BCM-15、BCM-16、BCM-17、BCM-18、BCM-19、BCM-20、BCM-21、BCM-22、BCM-23和BCM-24的任一結構類似物的群組。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項所述之組成,進一步包括源自牛乳的β-酪蛋白,其中該牛乳的β-酪蛋白總含量包含至少50% w/w的A2 β-酪蛋白。
- 如請求項6所述之組成,其中該牛乳的β-酪蛋白總含量包含至少90% w/w的A2 β-酪蛋白。
- 如請求項6或請求項7所述之組成,其中該A2 β-酪蛋白係在β-酪蛋白氨基酸序列的位置67具有脯氨酸的任一β-酪蛋白。
- 如請求項6至8中任一項所述之組成,其中該牛乳取自已知具有β-酪蛋白A2A2基因型的乳牛。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項所述之組成,其中該一或更多人β-酪啡肽係由化學合成製備。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項所述之組成,其中該一或更多人β-酪啡肽係利用一重組DNA技術製備。
- 一種製備一嬰兒配方奶粉組成的方法,該方法包括添加一或更多人β-酪啡肽至一成分混合物的步驟。
- 如請求項12所述之方法,其中該一或更多人β-酪啡肽選自包含BCM-4、BCM-5、BCM-6、BCM-7、BCM-8、BCM-9、BCM-10、BCM-11、BCM-12、BCM-13、BCM-14、BCM-15、BCM-16、BCM-17、BCM-18、BCM-19、BCM-20、BCM-21、BCM-22、BCM-23和BCM-24的群組。
- 如請求項12或請求項13所述之方法,其中該一或更多人β-酪啡肽選自BCM-5和BCM-7。
- 一種如請求項1至11中任一項之組成的用途,用作一嬰兒食品。
- 一種一或更多人β-酪啡肽或上述物質的前驅縮氨酸的用途,用於製備一嬰兒配方奶粉組成。
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