TW201702246A - 替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺前驅藥物、其製備方法、及其用途 - Google Patents
替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺前驅藥物、其製備方法、及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201702246A TW201702246A TW105116542A TW105116542A TW201702246A TW 201702246 A TW201702246 A TW 201702246A TW 105116542 A TW105116542 A TW 105116542A TW 105116542 A TW105116542 A TW 105116542A TW 201702246 A TW201702246 A TW 201702246A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- tenofovir
- hydrocarbon group
- group
- monobenzyl ester
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本發明涉及一種替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺前驅藥物、其製備方法及其在醫藥上的應用,具體而言,本發明涉及一種如通式(X)所示的化合物或其異構物、可藥用鹽、水合物或溶劑合物,它們的製備方法,以及它們在製備病毒感染性疾病,較佳為在製備愛滋病感染、B型肝炎或B肝病毒引起的疾病的藥物中的應用。
Description
本發明屬於藥物化學領域,具體涉及一種新型替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物或其水合物、溶劑合物、可藥用鹽或單一手性異構物,及其製備方法與其在醫藥上的應用。
替諾福韋酯(TDF)是一種水溶性口服抗HIV和抗B肝病毒藥物,在胃中穩定,於腸道吸收後隨血液進入人體內,並均勻分佈於人體組織內,不到20%在酶酯的作用下代謝活化成替諾福韋母藥並雙磷酸化生成替諾福韋二磷酸後起效,其他約80%以原形經尿液排出體外。為提高其生物利用度,目前多採取在替諾福韋磷酸基團上加入遮蔽基團從而形成脂溶性前驅藥物的策略,其中一個遮蔽基團與磷酸基團形成磷醯胺結構,另一個基團與磷酸基團形成磷酯類結構的化合物被證實有淋巴和肝組織標靶效應。成酯基團包括各種芳環和芳雜環,特別是取代或非取代苯基(CN201310041647.4,WO02082841),專利(CN01813161)公開了一種採用此種前驅藥物策略得到的化合物GS-7340,它與替諾福韋酯(TDF)相比增加了肝標靶的特性,同時活性增強毒性降低。但是由於遮蔽基團苯酚基的穩定性不夠強,在血液中仍可以發生代謝生成活性母藥替諾福韋,從而帶來一定的系統毒性,同時代謝生成的苯酚自身也具有較大毒性。苯環上有取代的苄基類替諾福韋前驅藥物化合物已被證實具有肝標靶活性,專利US20130210757,CN201380030061.6公開了一個遮蔽基團為氨基酸酯與磷酸基團形成磷醯胺,一個遮蔽基團為苯環上鄰或對位有甲基等推電子基團取代的苄基與磷酸基團形成苯環上有取代的苄酯。而成酯基團為未取代苄基的替諾福韋前驅藥物化合物則未見合成與生物活性研究報導,可能是由於苯環上無取代的苄基在5-氟尿嘧啶核苷前驅藥物運用中無法代謝從而導致無活性的原因(WO02082841)。
CN201380030061.6公開的化合物結構中的遮蔽基團鄰甲基苄基,基團離去活性高,在血液酶酯代謝中穩定性低,標靶基團相對更容易脫落而導致在血液中的活性母藥相對增加,肝臟中的活性母藥相對降低,從而影響活性和系統毒性。
為增強替諾福韋的生物活性,升級其抗病毒活性,本發明提供了一類在苄基苯環上無取代的替諾福韋單苄酯磷-醯胺類化合物與其製備方法以及其淋巴標靶抗愛滋病感染、肝標靶抗B肝治療用途與GS-7340和化合物7相比這種前驅藥物對酶酯更穩定,進一步增強了替諾福韋類似物的系統穩定性和肝標靶性抗病毒作用。
本發明的發明人發明了一類苄基苯環上無取代的替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物,並意外地發現本發明化合物在細胞實驗中可以代謝成活性母藥替諾福韋(TFV),從而具有抗病毒活性。在動物體內實驗中,小鼠灌胃後可以在肝部聚集並有效代謝成活性產物替諾福韋,而且與習知技術相比,本發明化合物抗HBV病毒活性更強,或者在血漿中更穩定,其代謝片段更安全,從而降低了血漿代謝引起的系統毒副作用。
具體來說,本發明提供了一種具有通式X的替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物,其水合物、溶劑合物、藥學上可接受的鹽或其分離的單一異構物,
式中Z選自O,S,Se,NH-或-CH2
-,
R1
,R2
,R3
,R4
,R5
分別獨立地選自H,取代或未取代的C1
-C10
直鏈烴基、C3
-C10
支鏈烴基、C3
-C10
環烴基、C6
-C10
芳香烴基或雜芳基,其中上述取代為一個到三個獨立地選自O,S,N,Se的雜原子,或者R1
與R2
,R1
與R3
,R2
與R3
與連接它們的結構部分一起形成取代或未經取代的3-8元環。
較佳地,
Z選自O或S,
R1
,R2
,R3
,R4
,R5
分別獨立地選自H,取代或未取代的C1
-C6
直鏈烴基、C3
-C6
支鏈烴基、C3
-C6
環烴基、C6
-C10
芳香烴基或雜芳基。
更佳的,
Z選自O,
R1
,R2
,R3
,R4
,R5
分別獨立地選自H,取代或未取代的C1
-C6
直鏈烴基、C3
-C6
支鏈烴基、C6
-C10
芳香烴基。
較佳地,本發明的替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物,選自表1的化合物
表1化合物及結構式
我們發現,前驅藥物的立體化學能夠影響其在標靶組織中的代謝能力和抗病毒活性,手性部分在磷原子上,也發現在其遮蔽基團氨基酸上。例如天然構型的氨基酸具有更好的代謝活性,化合物3中的P原子構型為S的異構物具有較強的活性。如果各手性組成物不純,需要對這些非對映異構物或消旋混和物進行手性聚積,從而使篩選的結果更有意義。通過手性分離純化得到在上述手性中心上構型單一的異構物,使得每個實驗化合物基本上是單一手性化合物。形成基本上單一的化合物或手性聚積意味著所需的立體異構物構成超過化合物重量的約60%,較佳超過80%,最佳超過95%。本發明藉由反相色譜管柱分離或者手性色譜管柱分離,流動相為乙腈水溶液。
本發明的另一個目的是提供替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物的製備方法,其包括如下步驟:
A:替諾福韋在鹼的存在下與鹵化苄或苄醇反應得到替諾福韋單苄酯中間體;
B:替諾福韋單苄酯中間體與各種含末端NH基團的化合物反應生成本發明的替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物。
其中,步驟A中替諾福韋較佳為與苄溴或苄醇進行反應,鹼可以是各種無機或有機鹼,較佳為有機鹼;步驟B中含末端NH基團的化合物較佳為氨基酸酯類化合物、氨基酸醯胺類化合物。
具體為:替諾福韋乙腈懸浮液中依次加入二異丙基乙基胺(DIPEA)、苄溴或苄醇,將此混合物加熱到50℃-80℃,保溫攪拌2-24小時,加入吡啶溶解,再依次加入三乙胺和甘氨酸苄酯鹽酸鹽、甘氨酸甲酯鹽酸鹽、L-丙氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽、L-苯丙氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽、甘氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽、N-苯基甘氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽中任一種,加熱到50℃-80℃攪拌10-60分鐘後在此溫度下加入三苯基膦和2,2’-二硫二吡啶,保溫在50℃-100℃攪拌3小時後減壓旋乾。殘渣矽膠管柱層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷沖提)得到白色固體產物。
以下是合成路線:
本發明進一步包括化合物手性分離的方法,HPLC製備管柱分離(製備管柱:C18,流動相:10%-50%乙腈水溶液(V/V))或者手性管柱分離收集各保留時間的沖提液,乾燥得到各手性異構物。
本發明還提供了一種藥物組合物,藥物組合物含有所述的替諾福韋單苄酯磷酸醯胺類化合物、或其水合物、或其溶劑合物、或其藥學上可接受的鹽或其分離的單一異構物。
根據需要,採用化學領域的常用技術,可用酸鹼中和的方式得到本發明化合物的藥用鹽。如使本發明化合物和硫酸、鹽酸、氫溴酸、磷酸、酒石酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、檸檬酸、乙酸、甲酸、甲磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、草酸或琥珀酸反應,得到相應的鹽。或使本發明化合物和氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鋇等,鹼金屬碳酸鹽,如碳酸鈉、碳酸鈣等反應得到相應的鹽。反應可在溶劑中進行,例如水或有機溶劑,如乙醇、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、乙二醇、乙酸等,或這種有機溶劑與水的混合物。如需要,該反應還可在無任何溶劑中進行。
本發明的藥物組合物,較佳地是單位劑量的藥物製劑形式,在製成藥物製劑時可以製成任何可藥用的劑型,這些劑型選自:片劑、糖衣片劑、薄膜衣片劑、腸溶衣片劑、膠囊劑、硬膠囊劑、軟膠囊劑、口服液、口含劑、顆粒劑、混懸劑、溶液劑、注射劑、栓劑、軟膏劑、硬膏劑、霜劑、噴霧劑、貼劑。較佳地是口服製劑形式,最佳地是片劑或膠囊劑。
進一步的,本發明所述藥物組合物還含有藥學上可接受的載體。
可以採用製劑學常用技術製備該藥物製劑,如將本發明的替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物、或其水合物、或其溶劑合物、或其藥學上可接受的鹽或其分離的單一異構物與藥學上可接受的載體混合。藥學上可接受的載體包括但不限於:甘露醇、山梨醇、山梨酸或鉀鹽、焦亞硫酸鈉、亞硫酸氫鈉、硫代硫酸鈉、鹽酸半胱氨酸、巰基乙酸、蛋氨酸、維生素A、維生素C、維生素E、維生素D、氮酮、 EDTA二鈉、EDTA鈣鈉,一價鹼金屬的碳酸鹽、醋酸鹽、磷酸鹽或其水溶液、鹽酸、醋酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基酸、富馬酸、氯化鈉、氯化鉀、乳酸鈉、木糖醇、麥芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、右旋糖苷、甘氨酸、澱粉、蔗糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、矽衍生物、纖維素及其衍生物、藻酸鹽、明膠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甘油、丙二醇、乙醇、吐溫60-80(tween 60-80)、司班-80(span-80)、蜂蠟、羊毛脂、液體石蠟、十六醇、沒食子酸酯類、瓊脂、三乙醇胺、鹼性氨基酸、尿素、尿囊素、碳酸鈣、碳酸氫鈣、表面活性劑、聚乙二醇、環糊精、β-環糊精、磷脂類材料、高嶺土、滑石粉、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂等。
本發明的藥物組合物,在製成藥劑時,單位劑量的藥劑可含有本發明的藥物活性物質0.1-1000 mg,其餘為藥學上可接受的載體。藥學上可接受的載體以重量計可以是製劑總重量的0.1-99.9%。
本發明的藥物組合物在使用時根據病人的情況確定用法用量。
本發明最後還提供了替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物、或其水合物、或其溶劑合物、或其藥學上可接受的鹽或其分離的單一異構物在製備治療病毒感染性疾病的藥物中的用途,較佳為在製備治療愛滋病感染或B型肝炎或者B肝病毒引起的疾病的藥物中的用途。
以下結合具體實施例詳細地解釋本發明,使得本領域技術人員更全面地理解本專利。具體實施例僅用於說明本發明的技術方案,並不以任何方式限定本發明。
實施例1:化合物1的製備
往替諾福韋(5 mmol)的乙腈(20 mL)懸浮液中依次加入DIPEA(10 mmol)、苄溴(5 mmol),將此混合物加熱到80 ℃,保溫攪拌16小時後減壓旋乾。加入吡啶(20 mL)溶解,再依次加入三乙胺(5 mL)和甘氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽(10 mmol),加熱到50 ℃攪拌30分鐘後在此溫度下加入三苯基膦(15 mmol)和2,2’-二硫二吡啶(15 mmol),保溫在50 ℃攪拌3小時後減壓旋乾。殘渣矽膠管柱層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷沖提)得到白色固體產物。收率48%。
1
H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3
)δ 8.30 (s, 1 H), 7.94, 7.91 (s, s, 1H), 7.37-7.28 (m, 5 H), 6.10, 6.07 (s, s, 2 H), 5.07-4.89 (m, 3 H), 4.38-4.30 (m, 1 H), 4.14-4.05 (m, 1 H), 3.91-3.86 (m, 2 H), 3.71-3.48 (m, 4 H), 1.25-1.18(m, 9 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 25.76, 25.66;MS (m/z) 477.32 (MH+
), 475.18 (MH-
) 。
實施例2:化合物2的製備
往替諾福韋(5 mmol)的乙腈(20 mL)懸浮液中依次加入DIPEA(10 mmol)、苄溴(5 mmol),將此混合物加熱到80 ℃,保溫攪拌16小時後減壓旋乾。加入吡啶(20 mL)溶解,再依次加入三乙胺(5 mL)和甘氨酸甲酯鹽酸鹽(10 mmol),加熱到50 ℃攪拌30分鐘後在此溫度下加入三苯基膦(15 mmol)和2,2’-二硫二吡啶(15 mmol),保溫在50 ℃攪拌3小時後減壓旋乾。殘渣矽膠管柱層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷沖提)得到白色固體產物。收率57%。
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.26 (s, 1 H), 7.93, 7.92 (s, s, 1 H), 7.31-7.4 (m, 5 H), 6.37 (s, 2 H), 5.01-4.86 (m, 2 H), 4.33-4.25 (m, 1 H), 4.10-4.01 (m, 1 H), 3.93-3.80 (m, 2 H), 3.67-3.53 (m, 4 H), 1.40-1.14(m, 6 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 25.96, 25.73;MS (m/z) 449.30 (MH+
)。
實施例3:化合物3的製備
往替諾福韋(5 mmol)的乙腈(20 mL)懸浮液中依次加入DIPEA(10 mmol)、苄溴(5 mmol),將此混合物加熱到在80 ℃,保溫攪拌16小時後減壓旋乾。加入吡啶(20 mL)溶解,再依次加入三乙胺(5 mL)和L-丙氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽(10 mmol),加熱到50 ℃攪拌30分鐘後在此溫度下加入三苯基膦(15 mmol)和2,2’-二硫二吡啶(15 mmol),保溫在50 ℃攪拌3小時後減壓旋乾。殘渣矽膠管柱層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷沖提)得到白色固體產物。收率54%。
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.34, 8.33 (s, s, 1 H), 7.93, 7.92 (s, s, 1 H), 7.36-7.30 (m, 5 H), 6.00, 5.99 (s, s, 2 H), 5.06-4.97 (m, 2 H), 4.94-4.89 (m, 1 H), 4.40-4.28 (m, 1 H), 4.14-4.06 (m, 1 H), 4.03-3.92 (m, 2 H), 3.89-3.78 (m, 2 H), 3.67-3.53 (m, 2 H), 1.33-1.18 (m, 12 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 25.02, 24.12;MS (m/z) 491.32 (MH+
)。
實施例4:化合物4的製備
往替諾福韋(5 mmol)的乙腈(20 mL)懸浮液中依次加入DIPEA(10 mmol)、苄溴(5 mmol),將此混合物加熱到80 ℃,保溫攪拌16小時後減壓旋乾。加入吡啶(20 mL)溶解,再依次加入三乙胺(5 mL)和L-苯丙氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽(10 mmol),加熱到50 ℃攪拌30分鐘後在此溫度下加入三苯基膦(15 mmol)和2,2’-二硫二吡啶(15 mmol),保溫在50 ℃攪拌3小時後減壓旋乾。殘渣矽膠管柱層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷沖提)得到白色固體產物。收率61%。
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.33 (s, 1 H), 7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.30-7.09 (m, 10 H), 6.23 (s, 2 H), 5.03-4.88 (m, 2 H), 4.33-4.29 (m, 1 H), 4.15-3.90 (m, 3 H), 3.81-3.71 (m, 1 H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.21-3.02 (m, 3 H), 2.94-2.76 (m, 2 H), 1.47-1.42(m, 3 H), 1.26-1.07 (m, 9 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
)δ 20.78;MS (m/z) 567.32 (MH+
)。
實施例5:化合物5的製備
往替諾福韋(5 mmol)的乙腈(20mL)懸浮液中依次加入DIPEA(10 mmol)、苄溴(5 mmol),將此混合物加熱到80 ℃,保溫攪拌16小時後減壓旋乾。加入吡啶(20 mL)溶解,再依次加入三乙胺(5 mL)和甘氨酸苄酯鹽酸鹽(10 mmol),加熱到50 ℃攪拌30分鐘後在此溫度下加入三苯基膦(15 mmol)和2,2’-二硫二吡啶(15 mmol),保溫在50 ℃攪拌3小時後減壓旋乾。殘渣矽膠管柱層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷沖提)得到白色固體產物。收率58%。
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.30, 8.29 (s, s, 1 H), 7.93, 7.92 (s, s, 1 H), 7.37-7.27 (m, 10 H), 6.14 (s, 2 H), 5.31 (s, 1 H), 5.15 (s, 1 H), 5.10 (s, 1 H), 5.04-4.87 (m, 2 H), 4.34-4.26 (m, 1 H), 4.09-4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 2 H), 3.76-3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.17-3.11 (m, 2 H), 1.18-1.16 (m, 3 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 25.81, 25.61;MS (m/z) 525.19 (MH+
)。
實施例6:化合物6的製備
往替諾福韋(5 mmol)的乙腈(20 mL)懸浮液中依次加入DIPEA(10 mmol)、苄溴(5 mmol),將此混合物加熱到80 ℃,保溫攪拌16小時後減壓旋乾。加入吡啶(20 mL)溶解,再依次加入三乙胺(5 mL)和N-苯基甘氨酸異丙酯鹽酸鹽(10 mmol),加熱到50 ℃攪拌30分鐘後在此溫度下加入三苯基膦(15 mmol)和2,2’-二硫二吡啶(15 mmol),保溫在50 ℃攪拌3小時後減壓旋乾。殘渣矽膠管柱層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷沖提)得到白色固體產物。收率27%。
1
HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.29 (s, 1 H), 8.09 (s, 1 H), 7.50-7.14 (m, 10 H), 6.60 (s, 2 H), 5.07-4.90 (m, 3 H), 4.37-4.34 (m, 7 H), 3.17-3.12 (m, 3 H), 1.45-1.41 (m, 6 H) ;31
PNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 24.43, 24.15; MS (m/z) 553.25 (MH+
) 。
實施例7:化合物的手性分離製備
HPLC反相色譜管柱分離或者HPLC手性色譜管柱分離:取實施例2中化合物2(200 mg)經HPLC製備分離(製備管柱:Diamonsil C18,5 μm, 150x21.1 mm;流動相:20%乙腈水溶液(V/V))等強度沖提後得到化合物2a(83 mg;保留時間14 min)和化合物2b (90 mg;保留時間17 min)。
化合物2a:MS (m/z) 449.26 (MH+
) ;1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.28 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 5 H), 6.58 (s, 2 H), 5.02-4.88 (m, 2 H), 4.30-4.26 (m, 1 H), 4.16-4.02 (m, 1 H), 3.90-3.84 (m, 2 H), 3.69-3.65 (m, 5 H), 3.60-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1.16 (s, 3 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 25.87;
化合物2b:MS (m/z) 449.32 (MH+
);1
HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.28 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 5 H), 6.64 (s, 2 H), 5.03-5.01 (m, 2 H), 4.34-4.30 (m, 1 H), 4.10-4.01 (m, 2 H), 3.93-3.84 (m, 2 H), 3.66-3.59 (m, 5 H), 1.14 (s, 3 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 25.64。
化合物1, 3, 5採用與手性管柱分離化合物2類似的方法用手性管柱進行分離分別得到化合物1a, 1b, 3a, 3b, 5a, 5b,。
化合物1a:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.25 (s, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.30-7.26 (m, 5 H), 6.17 (s, 2 H), 5.00-4.90 (m, 2 H), 4.34-4.29 (m, 1 H), 4.11-4.06 (m, 2 H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 2 H), 3.63-3.59 (m, 3 H), 1.18-1.23 (m, 9 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 25.79;
化合物1b:1
HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.28 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 5 H), 6.64 (s, 2 H), 5.03-5.01 (m, 2 H), 4.34-4.30 (m, 1 H), 4.10-4.01 (m, 2 H), 3.93-3.84 (m, 2 H), 3.66-3.59 (m, 3 H), 1.16-1.14 (m, 9 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 25.60。
化合物3a:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.30 (s, 1 H), 7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 5 H), 6.19 (s, 2 H), 5.03-4.96 (m, 2 H), 4.92-4.87 (m, 1 H), 4.30-4.25 (m, 1 H), 4.09-4.03 (m, 1 H), 3.97-3.94 (m, 1 H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 2 H), 3.56-3.50 (m, 1 H), 1.30-1.15 (m, 12 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 24.18;
化合物3b:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.30 (s, 1 H), 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 5 H), 6.09 (s, 2 H), 4.99-4.96 (m, 2 H), 4.94-4.87 (m, 1 H), 4.38-4.34 (m, 1 H), 4.12-4.06 (m, 1 H), 3.96-3.90 (m, 2 H), 3.87-3.81 (m, 1 H), 3.60-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.45-3.40 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.16 (m, 12 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 25.04
化合物5a:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.28 (s, 1 H), 7.95 (s, 1 H), 7.40-7.23 (m, 10 H), 6.33 (s, 2 H), 5.10-4.95 (m, 4 H), 4.32-4.28 (m, 1 H), 4.01-3.84 (m, 2 H), 3.82-3.55 (m, 4 H), 1.24 (s, 3 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 25.88
化合物5b:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ ;8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.94 (s, 1 H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 10 H), 6.12 (s, 2 H), 4.96-4.84 (m, 4 H), 4.28-4.23 (m, 1 H), 3.83-3.51 (m, 6 H), 1.15 (s, 3 H);31
P NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3
) δ 25.59
表2 本發明手性化合物列表
在上述化合物中a、b構型各占化合物比例50%。
實施例8
取實施例7表2任意一個手性化合物 1.2kg,富馬酸285g,和3L乙腈加入反應器中,加熱回流混合物使固體溶解,趁熱過濾,冷卻後至5℃並保持16小時,過濾分離出產物,用乙腈沖洗,乾燥得到白色粉末。
試驗例:藉由下述試驗例證明本發明的有益效果
對前驅藥物化合物而言,最關鍵的是前驅藥物在系統中的穩定性和標靶器官部分的代謝活性,在系統(胃腸道,血液等)中穩定性越高,標靶器官(淋巴、肝臟)中代謝成母藥的活性越高,則化合物毒性越低、藥效越高。試驗例中本發明化合物、參照化合物等前驅藥物均代謝成活性母藥替諾福韋(TFV)後發揮抗病毒作用。
目前結構相近的前驅藥物化合物是CN201380030061.6權利要求中的化合物(簡稱化合物7及其單一手性異構物7a,7b)和吉利德新近向FDA申請上市治療B肝的藥物TAF(GS-7340),其與本發明的化合物含有相同的母藥結構,但肝標靶片段不同。
本發明的化合物優勢在於活性更高或由於結構更穩定從而系統毒性更小。進一步地相對於GS-7340而言,本發明的化合物代謝生成的苯甲酸類化合物則相對安全,克服了GS-7340釋放出毒性苯酚的缺陷,在活性優越的同時具備更低毒性的優勢。進一步相對於CN201380030061.6權利要求中的化合物來說,由於本發明的化合物肝標靶基團苄基比鄰甲基苄基更穩定,在血液酶酯代謝中苄基脫落活性較低,因此血液中的活性母藥相對減少,肝臟中的活性母藥相對增加,從而體現出更好的活性。本發明的化合物苄基脫落後毒性更小,具有更優的系統穩定性和更低的毒性。具體如下:
試驗例1:細胞抗HBV活性與細胞毒性對比實驗
藉由即時螢光定量PCR(qPCR)方法檢測HepG2.2.15細胞上清中的HBV DNA的含量測定化合物在HepG2.2.15細胞的抗B肝病毒活性,藉由Cell-titer Blue檢測受試化合物對HepG2.2.15細胞活性影響。
8.1. 化合物稀釋:體外抗HBV活性實驗所有化合物起始濃度為1 µM,3倍稀釋,8個濃度;細胞毒性實驗所有化合物起始濃度100 µM,3倍稀釋,8個濃度;用DMSO對化合物母液進行稀釋。參照化合物TDF的體外抗HBV活性實驗和細胞毒性實驗的起始濃度均設為0.2 µM,3倍稀釋,8個濃度。
8.2. 體外抗HBV活性實驗:種HepG2.2.15細胞(4×104
細胞/孔)到96孔盤,在37°C,5% CO2
培養過夜。第二天,加入含不同濃度化合物的新鮮培養液到培養孔中。化合物列表見表2。第五天,吸除培養孔中舊的培養液,加入含不同濃度化合物的新鮮培養液。第八天,收集培養孔中的上清,用於提取上清中的HBV DNA。qPCR實驗檢測HepG2.2.15上清中的HBV DNA含量。
8.3. 細胞活力實驗細胞處理:種HepG2.2.15細胞到96孔盤(4×104
細胞/孔),在37°C,5% CO2
培養過夜。第二天,加入含不同濃度化合物的新鮮培養液到培養孔中,化合物列表見表3。第五天,吸除培養孔中舊的培養液,加入含不同濃度化合物的新鮮培養液。第八天,每孔加入Cell-titer Blue試劑,酶標儀檢測各孔的螢光值。
8.4. 分析資料和計算抑制百分比和相對細胞活力:
應用如下公式計算抑制百分比(%Inh.):
% Inh. =[(HBV quantity of DMSO control -HBV quantity of sample) / HBV quantity of DMSO control]×100%
應用如下公式計算細胞活性百分比(% cell viability):
% cell viability = (fluorescence of sample – fluorescence of medium control)/ (fluorescence of DMSO control - fluorescence of medium control)×100%
用GraphPad Prism軟體計算化合物的50%有效濃度(EC50
)值和50%細胞毒性濃度CC50
值。
8.5. 實驗結果與結論:
表 3:化合物 抗HBV病毒實驗結果EC50
與 CC50
值
本次實驗中共有8個受試化合物,實驗結果總結如下:2個受試化合物3a、3b顯示出較好的抗B肝病毒活性,EC50
值在10nM級以下,4個受試化合物1b、2a、5a 、5b抗B肝病毒活性相對較弱,EC50
值在200 nM-1000 nM之間;另外2個受試化合物1a、2a的抗B肝病毒活性EC50
值高於最大測試濃度1000 nM。
本發明的化合物1、2、4、5、6與化合物3的結構相似,因此具有相似的藥效作用。
試驗例2、細胞抗HBV活性與細胞毒性對比實驗
9.1 藥品:化合物3、參照化合物(CN201380030061.6,權利要求36所示的化合物簡稱化合物7及其異構物)稀釋及濃度同實施例1中。化合物7及其異構物7a、7b的結構
9.2 實驗方法:按照實施例1進行
9.3結果與分析:
表 4:化合物 抗HBV病毒實驗結果EC50
與 CC50
值
從表4可見,本發明化合物3a、3b顯示出較好的抗B肝病毒活性,效果顯著優於參照化合物7a、7b、GS-7340。兩者對HepG2.2.15細胞毒性均未有明顯影響(CC50
>100 μM)
試驗例3:細胞抗HIV活性與細胞毒性實驗
9.1. 化合物、參照化合物(CN01813161GS-7340、TDF)稀釋及濃度同實施例1中。
9.2. 體外抗HIV活性實驗:MT-4細胞在37°C用24 TCID50 HIV-1 IIIB/1x105
cells (2.4 TCID50/well)感染1小時後種到含有不同濃度化合物的96孔盤中(4×104
細胞/孔),37°C,5% CO2
培養5天。用CellTiter Glo測定活性計算EC50
值。
9.3. 細胞活力實驗細胞處理:用9.2中相同的方法,僅將含有不同濃度化合物的96孔盤中替換成空白96孔盤同時進行實驗,用CellTiter Glo測定細胞活力計算CC50
值。
9.4. 分析資料和計算抑制百分比:應用如下公式計算活性百分比:
Activity (%) = (Raw datacpd
- AverageVC
) / ( AverageCC
- AverageVC
)*100
Cell Viability (%) = Raw datacpd
/ AverageCC
*100
用GraphPad Prism軟體計算化合物的50%有效濃度(EC50
)值和50%細胞毒性濃度CC50
值。
9.5. 實驗結果與結論:
表 5:化合物 抗HIV病毒實驗結果EC50
與 CC50
值
化合物3a 和3b抗HIV病毒活性比7b和 GS-7340更高; 同時3a、3b對MT-4細胞的毒性要小於GS-7340和7b的毒性。
總結:實施例2、3可見,藥效初步研究中抗HBV和抗HIV活性資料顯示,化合物3a、3b具有較好的抗B肝病毒活性,同時具有較好的抗HIV病毒活性,與TAF的活性成分GS-7340活性相比,具有顯著的優勢,同時明顯優於另外兩個對照化合物7a和7b。細胞毒性研究的結果:對HepG2.2.15細胞毒性均未有明顯影響(CC50
>100 μM);而對MT-4細胞的毒性,資料顯示化合物3a和3b與GS-7340和7b相比具有更低的MT-4細胞毒性。
試驗例4:穩定性研究結果
下述穩定性試驗方法按照現有技術進行,穩定性實驗中表中顯示的資料為測試條件下被試化合物在處理不同時間段後的殘留百分比。
10.1 模擬胃液穩定性(表6):
10.2 模擬腸液穩定性(測試濃度:10 μM)(表7):
10.3 人血穩定性(測試濃度:2 μM)(表8):
10.4人肝S9穩定性(測試濃度:1 μM)(表9):
上述(7-Ethoxycumarin)7-乙氧基香豆素、(7-Hydroxycoumarin)7-羥基香豆素、(Eucatropine)尤卡托品、(Chlorambucil)氯氨布西、(Omeprazole)奧美拉唑等相關對照品的實驗資料可以驗證本系列實驗的有效性。
10.5資料分析與結論
穩定性初步研究實驗資料顯示,化合物3a、3b與GS-7340、7b相比,在人肝S9中穩定性相當,及代謝成活性母藥的速率相當,預示在肝細胞中相同濃度的化合物具有相當的活性。
在模擬胃液中,但3a、3b穩定性與GS-7340相當,高於7b;在模擬腸液中的穩定性3a、3b顯著高於7b和GS-7340。在人血中3a和3b的穩定性也好於對比化合物7 b和GS-7340。綜合比較化合物3a、3b與GS-7340和7b相比具有更高胃腸道和血液系統代謝穩定性,從而非病灶部分藥物濃度更低,病灶部位藥物濃度更高,預示著化合物3a、3b與GS-7340和7b相比具有更好的肝標靶性和更低的系統毒性。
試驗例5:心臟毒性研究
11.1. 實驗細胞與化合物配製
實驗採用從AVivaBiosciences公司獲得的能穩定表達hERG鉀離子通道的CHO細胞,細胞在37°C,5% CO2
,恆定濕度環境中培養。
化合物和陽性對照化合物阿米替林(Amitriptyline,Sigma-Aldrich, BCBJ8594V)溶解於100%二甲基亞碸(DMSO)後等倍率稀釋,細胞外液中DMSO的最終濃度不高於0.30%,保存於-20℃備用。
11.2. 手動膜片箝制記錄
化合物於室溫下在Multiclamp patch-clamp amplifier上採用全細胞膜片箝制技術進行測試,輸出信號採用DIgiDAta 1440 A/D-D/A板進行數位化,Pclamp10 軟體進行記錄控制。設置最小密封電阻為500MOhms,最小特異hERG電流為0.4nA進行品質控制。
11.3.資料分析
採用Clampfit(V10.2, Molecular Devices), Excel 2003 和GraphPad Prism 5.0進行資料分析。電流計算公式:
I/Icontrol
=Bottom+ (Top-Bottom)/(1+10^((LogIC50-Log C)*Hillslope
11.4. 實驗結果與結論(表10):
結論: hERG實驗中化合物3a、3b和GS-7340、7b對IC50
相當,均在10 μM以上,在心臟毒性方面是安全的,符合新藥開發中對化合物成藥性研究中hERG資料的一般性要求。
試驗例6:小鼠體內代謝與組織分佈實驗
12.1. 實驗動物、藥物配製方法與給藥方案
12隻 ICR小鼠(雄性,體重30± 5 g,購自維通利華動物中心)隨機分為4組,每組3隻,給藥前先禁食12 h,禁食期間自由給水。分析天平上精密稱取30 mg化合物3,加入100 μL 75%乙醇溶解,進一步加入生理鹽水至6 mL,渦旋混勻,超聲波震盪後待用。替諾福韋前體藥物給藥劑量為50 mg/kg,給藥量為10 mL/kg。
12.2. 樣品採集方案與處理方法
樣品採集方案:小鼠灌胃給藥後於15 min,30 min,1 h和3 h眼眶取血0.5 mL,處死,取肝組織洗淨,稱重,肝按1:1比例加入生理鹽水勻漿,於-40℃冰箱保存待測。
血漿樣品處理方法:取小鼠血漿100 μL置於1.5 ml塑膠EP管中,加入100 μL內標準(200 ng/ml茶鹼)溶液,加入600 μL乙腈,渦旋振盪2 min,離心3 min(12500 rpm),取上清液,氮氣吹乾,用100 μL流動相(水:甲醇=95:5)復溶,進樣10 μL。
組織樣品處理方法:取小鼠組織樣品200 μL置於1.5mL塑膠EP管中,加入100 μL內標準(200 ng/ml茶鹼)溶液,加入600 μL乙腈,渦旋振盪2min,離心3 min(12500 rpm),取上清液,氮氣吹乾,用100 μL流動相(水:甲醇=95:5)復溶,進樣20 μL。
12.3. 樣品分析方法
採用Thermo TSQquantum 液質聯用儀和色譜管柱:Thermo Hypersil GOLD(2.1×150 mm),內標準品Theophylline,HPLC-MS進樣後進行梯度沖提分析,記錄內標準品、化合物1和代謝產物替諾福韋(TFV)的保留時間和峰面積,藉由SRM定量檢測方法進行分析。
12.4. 樣品分析結果與結論(表11)
C(化合物 3+TFV )肝組織
/ C(化合物 3+TFV )血漿
=377 CTFV 血漿
/C化合物 3 血漿
/=0.72 CTFV 肝組織
/C化合物 3 肝組織
=166
結果顯示3h後,化合物3和其代謝產物替諾福韋TFV在肝臟中的濃度均高於在血液中的濃度,肝臟中兩者總濃度為在血液中的377倍,說明化合物3可以在肝臟有效聚集;同時血液中TFV的濃度僅為母藥化合物3的濃度的0.72倍,而在肝臟中母藥TFV的濃度為前驅藥物化合物3的濃度的166倍,說明化合物3在小鼠血液中比較穩定,在肝臟有效代謝成活性母藥替諾福韋。因而化合物3在動物體內實驗中 具有血液穩定性和肝標靶性抗HBV活性。
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Claims (10)
- 一種具有通式X的替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物、其水合物、溶劑和物、藥學上可接受的鹽、或其分離的單一異構物,其中,式中Z選自O、S、Se、NH-或-CH2 -; R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 分別獨立地選自H、取代或未取代的C1 -C10 直鏈烴基、C3 -C10 支鏈烴基、C3 -C10 環烴基、C6 -C10 芳香烴基或雜芳基; 其中取代為一個到三個獨立地選自O、S、N、Se的雜原子,或者R1 與R2 、R1 與R3 、R2 與R3 與連接它們的結構部分一起形成取代或未經取代的3-8元環。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物,其中, Z選自O或S; R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 分別獨立地選自H、取代或未取代的C1 -C6 直鏈烴基、C3 -C6 支鏈烴基、C3 -C6 環烴基、C6 -C10 芳香烴基或雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物,其中, Z選自O; R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 分別獨立地選自H、取代或未取代的C1 -C6 直鏈烴基、C3 -C6 支鏈烴基、或C6 -C10 芳香烴基。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物,其中,該替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物選自: 。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之替諾福韋單苄酯磷酸醯胺類化合物,其中該化合物1、2、3、5的異構體分別為1a和1b、2a和2b、3a和3b、5a和5b,結構: 。
- 一種製備如第1項至第5項中任一所述之替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物的方法,其包括如下步驟: A:替諾福韋在鹼的存在下與鹵化苄或苄醇反應得到替諾福韋單苄酯中間體; B:替諾福韋單苄酯中間體與各種含末端NH基團的化合物反應生成替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中,步驟A中替諾福韋係與苄溴或苄醇進行反應,鹼可以是各種無機或有機鹼。
- 一種藥物組合物,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項所述之替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物、其水合物、其溶劑合物、其藥學上可接受的鹽、或其分離的單一異構物;其中,該藥物組合物包含藥學上可接受的載體。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述之替諾福韋單苄酯磷醯胺類化合物、其水合物、其溶劑化物、其藥學上可接受的鹽、或其分離的單一異構物用於製備治療病毒感染性疾病的藥物之用途。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之用途,其是用在製備治療愛滋病感染、乙型肝炎或乙肝病毒引起的疾病的藥物。
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AU2016270101A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
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