TW201634602A - 複合膜的製造方法 - Google Patents
複合膜的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201634602A TW201634602A TW104143184A TW104143184A TW201634602A TW 201634602 A TW201634602 A TW 201634602A TW 104143184 A TW104143184 A TW 104143184A TW 104143184 A TW104143184 A TW 104143184A TW 201634602 A TW201634602 A TW 201634602A
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- Prior art keywords
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- application liquid
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Classifications
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Abstract
一種複合膜的製造方法,具有:含有樹脂及充填料,將黏度為0.1Pa‧s以上5.0Pa‧s以下的塗抹液調製的塗抹液調製過程;及將前述塗抹液,通過具有比前述塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑更大的最小細孔徑的過濾器將前述凝集物除去的凝集物除去過程;及將經過前述凝集物除去過程的前述塗抹液,塗抹在多孔質基材的單面或是雙面而形成塗抹層的塗抹過程;及使前述塗抹層所包含的前述樹脂凝固,而獲得在前述多孔質基材的單面或是雙面具備含有前述樹脂及前述充填料的多孔質層的複合膜的凝固過程。
Description
本發明,是有關於複合膜的製造方法。
習知,電池隔件、氣體過濾器、液體過濾器等,已知在多孔質基材上具有多孔質層的複合膜。此複合膜的製造方法,已知是將包含樹脂及充填料的塗抹液塗抹在多孔質基材上而形成塗抹層之後,將被包含於塗抹層的樹脂凝固來製作多孔質層的方法(例如專利文獻1參照)。在多孔質基材的表面形成多孔質層用的塗抹液,是藉由包含樹脂及充填料,例如從製作經過時間的話會在塗抹液中形成凝集物。已知將包含此凝集物的塗抹液塗抹在多孔質基材上的話,因為凝集物殘存在複合膜有可能導致複合膜的品質下降,所以習知,在塗抹前將塗抹液過濾處理將塗抹液中的凝集物和異物除去(例如專利文獻1參照)。
[專利文獻1]日本專利第5424179號公報
從複合膜的生產效率的觀點,最好是將長條的多孔質基材由高速一邊搬運一邊在該多孔質基材上進行塗抹液的塗抹,且為了實現其,有必要提高塗抹液的供給速度。另一方面,從提高複合膜的品質的觀點,是在塗抹前將塗抹液過濾處理較佳。但是,進行塗抹液的過濾處理的話塗抹液的供給速度會下降。
本發明的實施例,是以上述狀況為基礎。
本發明的實施例的目的是提供一種複合膜的製造方法,可由較高的生產效率將高品質的複合膜製造。
在解決前述課題用的具體而言手段中,包含下述的態樣。
[1]一種複合膜的製造方法,具有:含有樹脂及充填料,將黏度為0.1Pa‧s以上5.0Pa‧s以下的塗抹液調製的塗抹液調製過程;及將前述塗抹液,通過具有比前述塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑更大的最小細孔徑的過濾器將前述凝集物除去的凝集物除去過程;及將經過前述凝集物除去過程的前述塗抹液,塗抹在多孔質基材的單面
或是雙面而形成塗抹層的塗抹過程;及使前述塗抹層所包含的前述樹脂凝固,而獲得在前述多孔質基材的單面或是雙面具備含有前述樹脂及前述充填料的多孔質層的複合膜的凝固過程。
[2]如[1]的製造方法,其中,前述過濾器的最小細孔徑是前述凝集物的最大粒徑的2倍以上10倍以下。
[3]如[1]或[2]的製造方法,其中,前述凝集物的最大粒徑是2μm以上30μm以下。
[4]如[1]~[3]項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述充填料,其一次粒子的體積平均粒徑是0.1μm以上3.0μm以下。
[5]如[1]~[4]項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述過濾器的最小細孔徑是30μm以上70μm以下。
[6]如[1]~[5]項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述凝集物除去過程,是包含對於前述塗抹液施加0.05MPa以上0.5MPa以下的壓力使通過前述過濾器。
[7]如[1]~[6]項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述凝集物除去過程,其通過前述過濾器的前述塗抹液的流量是0.5L/min以上。
依據本發明的實施例的話,可提供一種複合膜的製造方法,可由較高的生產效率將高品質的複合膜製造。
[第1圖]顯示本揭示的製造方法的一實施例的概念圖。
[第2圖]顯示本揭示的製造方法的別的一實施例的概念圖。
在本說明書中使用「~」顯示的數值範圍,是各別包含被揭示於「~」的前後的數值的最小值及最大值的範圍。
本說明書的「過程」,不是只有獨立的過程,即使無法與其他的過程明確區別的情況,只要可達成該過程所期的目的的話,也被包含於本用語。
在本說明書中,「機械方向」,在呈長條狀被製造的多孔質基材及複合膜中是指長條方向的意思,「寬度方向」,是指與「機械方向」垂直交叉的方向的意思。「機械方向」也稱為「MD方向」,「寬度方向」也稱為「TD方向」。
以下,說明本發明的實施例。這些的說明及實施例只是例示本發明,不是限制本發明的範圍。
本揭示的製造方法,是製造複合膜的方法,該複合膜具備:多孔質基材、及設在該多孔質基材的單面或是雙面的含有樹脂和充填料的多孔質層。本揭示的製造方法,是將含有樹脂及充填料的塗抹液,塗抹在多孔質基材的單面或是雙面,在多孔質基材的單面或是雙面設置多孔質層的製造方法。本揭示的製造方法,是具有下述的過程。
‧塗抹液調製過程:將含有樹脂及充填料的塗抹液調製的過程。
‧凝集物除去過程:使塗抹液通過過濾器將塗抹液所包含的凝集物除去的過程。
‧塗抹過程:將經過凝集物除去過程的塗抹液塗抹在多孔質基材的單面或是雙面而形成塗抹層的過程。
‧凝固過程:使被包含於塗抹層的樹脂凝固,而獲得在多孔質基材的單面或是雙面具備含有樹脂及充填料的多孔質層的複合膜的過程。
本揭示的製造方法,是在凝固過程之後,進一步具有將複合膜沖水的沖水過程,在沖水過程之後,進一步具有從複合膜將水除去的乾燥過程也可以。
第1圖,是顯示本揭示的製造方法的一實施例的概念圖。在第1圖中,複合膜的製造用的多孔質基材的滾子是被放置在圖內的左側,將複合膜捲取的滾子被放置在圖內的右側。第1圖所示的實施例,是具有:塗抹液調製過程、凝集物除去過程、塗抹過程、凝固過程、沖水
過程、及乾燥過程,凝固過程是濕式的過程。本實施例,是將塗抹過程、凝固過程、沖水過程、及乾燥過程連續地依序進行。且,本實施例,是配合塗抹過程的實施時期進行塗抹液調製過程及凝集物除去過程。各過程的詳細如後述。
第2圖,是顯示本揭示的製造方法的別的一實施例的概念圖。在第2圖中,複合膜的製造用的多孔質基材的滾子是被放置在圖內的左側,將複合膜捲取的滾子被放置在圖內的右側。第2圖所示的實施例,是具有:塗抹液調製過程、凝集物除去過程、塗抹過程、及凝固過程,凝固過程是乾式的過程。本實施例,是將塗抹過程、及凝固過程連續地依序進行。且,本實施例,是配合塗抹過程的實施時期進行塗抹液調製過程及凝集物除去過程。各過程的詳細如後述。
在本揭示的製造方法中,使用在凝集物除去過程的過濾器,是具有比塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑更大的最小細孔徑的過濾器。具有與凝集物的最大粒徑相同或是比更小的最小細孔徑的過濾器,塗抹液是通過困難,在塗抹液的通過花費時間。具有比凝集物的最大粒徑更大的最小細孔徑的過濾器,塗抹液可平順地通過,且將凝集物的至少一部分除去,塗抹液中的凝集物可減少。因此,依據本揭示的製造方法的話,因為可將塗抹液朝塗抹過程穩定地供給所以生產效率高,且,因為可以將凝集物少的塗抹液使用在塗抹過程,所以可以製造高品質的複合
膜。
在本揭示中,塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑,是指使用粒度測定器,依照JIS K5600-2-5:1999進行操作所測量的凝集物的大小。具體而言,將塗抹液滴下在粒度測定器的最深部之後,將刮刀朝向深度0μm將塗抹液撥除的方式由等速及等壓進行掃去,將粒狀或是線狀的特異模樣出現的最深部的刻度讀取的值(即,粒狀或是線狀的特異模樣存在的領域的最大值),是凝集物的最大粒徑(μm)。
在本揭示中,過濾器的最小細孔徑(μm),是依據水銀壓入法,使用細孔徑分布計器所測量的值。
在本揭示的製造方法中,由塗抹液調製過程調製的塗抹液的黏度,若從朝多孔質基材的塗抹適性的觀點為0.1Pa‧s以上,若從在塗抹過程穩定地供給塗抹液的觀點為5.0Pa‧s以下。塗抹液的黏度(Pa‧s),是使用B型旋轉黏度計,測量了溫度20℃的試料的黏度。
以下,詳細說明本揭示的製造方法的各過程。
塗抹液調製過程,是將含有樹脂及充填料的塗抹液調製的過程。塗抹液,是例如,將樹脂溶化在溶劑,進一步將充填料分散地調製。對於在塗抹液的調製所使用的樹脂和充填料,即,多孔質層所包含的樹脂和充填料,是在後
述的[多孔質層]的項詳細說明。
在塗抹液的調製所使用的將樹脂溶解的溶劑(以下也稱為「良溶劑」),可舉例N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基甲醯胺等的極性醯胺溶劑。從形成具有良好的多孔構造的多孔質層的觀點,將誘發相分離的相分離劑混合在良溶劑較佳。相分離劑,可舉例水、甲醇、乙醇、丙基醇、丁基醇、丁二醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、三丙二醇等。相分離劑,是由在塗抹時可以確保適切的塗抹液的黏度的範圍的量比的方式與良溶劑混合較佳。
在塗抹液的調製所使用的溶劑,若從形成良好的多孔構造的觀點,包含良溶劑為50質量%以上(更佳是60質量%以上),包含相分離劑為10質量%~50質量%(更佳是10質量%~40質量%)的混合溶劑較佳。塗抹液,若從形成良好的多孔構造的觀點,包含樹脂為3質量%~10質量%的濃度,包含充填料為10質量%~90質量%的濃度較佳。
在塗抹液的調製中,為了提高樹脂及充填料朝溶劑的溶解性及分散性,可以使用均質機、玻璃珠磨機、陶瓷珠磨機等。進一步為了提高分散效率,在將樹脂或是充填料混合於溶劑之前,進行朝分散劑的預分散也可以。
在塗抹液調製過程中,將黏度0.1Pa‧s~5.0Pa‧s的塗抹液調製。塗抹液的黏度,若從朝多孔質基
材的塗抹適性的觀點,是0.1Pa‧s以上,更佳是0.5Pa‧s以上,進一步較佳是1.0Pa‧s以上。塗抹液的黏度,若從在塗抹過程穩定地供給塗抹液的觀點,是5.0Pa‧s以下,更佳是4.0Pa‧s以下,進一步較佳是3.0Pa‧s以下。塗抹液的黏度,可藉由溶劑、樹脂及充填料的混合比控制。
在塗抹液中,例如,在調製後若時間經過或液溫上昇的話,包含樹脂及充填料的至少一方,會發生各式各樣的大小的凝集物。塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑,是例如2μm~30μm。
凝集物除去過程,是將塗抹液通過過濾器將塗抹液所包含的凝集物除去的過程,使用具有比塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑更大的最小細孔徑的過濾器進行的過程。
使用在凝集物除去過程的過濾器的最小細孔徑,對於塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑,從處理效率的觀點,是2倍以上較佳,3倍以上更佳,4倍以上進一步較佳,從凝集物的除去效率的觀點,10倍以下較佳,9倍以下更佳,8倍以下進一步較佳。
使用在凝集物除去過程的過濾器的最小細孔徑,是10μm以上較佳,30μm以上較佳,100μm以下較佳,70μm以下更佳。使用在凝集物除去過程的過濾器的最小細孔徑,是對應塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑設
定較佳。
過濾器的濾材,可舉例不織布、微多孔膜、網目狀構造物、多孔質體等。過濾器的濾材,是單層及多層皆可以。過濾器的濾材的材料,可舉例樹脂(例如聚丙烯、聚酯、氟系樹脂、耐綸等)、纖維素等的有機材料;金屬、玻璃、陶瓷等的無機材料。
過濾器的濾材,可舉例樹脂纖維的不織布、纖維素濾紙、玻璃纖維濾紙、金屬網狀物、多孔質陶瓷等,若從塗抹液所包含的凝集物的除去效果高的觀點,是樹脂纖維的不織布較佳。過濾器的濾材,其液的通過方向的厚度,是例如5mm~40mm。
過濾器的一實施例,是其濾材連續地具有密度坡度(即細孔徑的坡度)的過濾器。在本實施例中,過濾器的最小細孔徑(μm),是指對於形成連續地密度坡度的濾材整體,依據水銀壓入法使用細孔徑分布計器所測量的值。
過濾器的一實施例,是將密度的不同的同種材料或是異種材料的濾材複數種組合,在過濾器內部不連續地具有濾材的密度坡度(即細孔徑的坡度)的過濾器。在本實施例中,過濾器的最小細孔徑(μm),是指對於各濾材依據水銀壓入法使用細孔徑分布計器所測量的值之中的最小的值。
使用在凝集物除去過程的過濾器,是:濾材連續地具有密度坡度(即細孔徑的坡度)者;密度的不同
的同種材料或是異種材料的濾材複數種組合,在過濾器內部不連續地具有濾材的密度坡度(即細孔徑的坡度)者較佳。
使用在凝集物除去過程的過濾器,是例如,可舉例將聚丙烯不織布作為濾材具備的Rokitechno公司製的HC系列、BO系列、SLF系列、SRL系列、MPX系列等。這些的過濾器,是在具有塗抹液的入口及出口的外殼內設置1個或是2個以上,用在凝集物除去過程較佳。
使用在凝集物除去過程的過濾器,其整體的過濾面積,是例如0.01m2~10m2,0.1m2~10m2較佳。
凝集物除去過程,若從處理效率的觀點,對於塗抹液施加壓力地通過過濾器的過程較佳。對於塗抹液施加壓力,若從處理效率的觀點,0.05MPa以上較佳,0.1MPa以上更佳,0.2MPa以上進一步較佳。對於塗抹液施加壓力,若從將塗抹液所包含的凝集物的除去確實地進行的觀點,0.5MPa以下較佳,0.45MPa以下更佳,0.4MPa以下進一步較佳。
在凝集物除去過程中,將通過過濾器的塗抹液的流量調製較佳。通過過濾器的塗抹液的流量,若從處理效率的觀點,0.5L/min以上較佳,1L/min以上更佳,2L/min以上進一步較佳。通過過濾器的塗抹液的流量,若從將塗抹液所包含的凝集物的除去確實地進行的觀點,20L/min以下較佳,15L/min以下更佳,10L/min以下進一步較佳。
通過過濾器時的塗抹液的溫度,是例如5℃~50℃。
塗抹過程,是在多孔質基材的單面或是雙面,塗抹含有樹脂及充填料的塗抹液而形成塗抹層的過程。朝多孔質基材的塗抹液的塗抹,是藉由塗抹試驗機、模具塗抹機、反向滾子塗抹機、凹板塗抹機等的塗抹手段進行。塗抹量,是雙面合計為例如10mL/m2~60mL/m2。
塗抹過程的一實施例,是使用:將透過多孔質基材被相面對配置的一方的面塗抹的第一塗抹手段、及將另一方的面塗抹的第二塗抹手段,將塗抹液同時塗抹在多孔質基材的雙面的形態。
塗抹過程的一實施例,是使用:將在多孔質基材的搬運方向被分離配置的一方的面塗抹的第一塗抹手段、及將另一方的面塗抹的第二塗抹手段,將塗抹液依序塗抹在多孔質基材的雙面單面的形態。
塗抹過程中的多孔質基材的搬運速度,若從生產效率的觀點,5m/min以上較佳,10m/min以上更佳。塗抹過程中的多孔質基材的搬運速度,若從將塗抹液的塗抹確實地進行的觀點,100m/min以下較佳,90m/min以下更佳。
凝固過程,是將塗抹層與凝固液接觸使被包含於塗抹層的樹脂凝固而獲得多孔質層的濕式過程;將被包含於塗抹層的溶劑除去將被包含於塗抹層的樹脂凝固而獲得多孔質層的乾式過程;皆可以。乾式過程與濕式過程相比因為多孔質層容易成為緊密,所以從獲得良好的多孔構造的觀點是濕式過程較佳。
濕式過程,是將具有塗抹層的多孔質基材浸漬在凝固液較佳,具體而言,通過已放入了凝固液的槽(凝固槽)較佳。
在濕式過程使用的凝固液,一般是使用於塗抹液的調製的良溶劑及相分離劑、及水的混合溶液。良溶劑及相分離劑的混合比,是配合使用於塗抹液的調製的混合溶劑的混合比的話,生產上較佳。凝固液的水的含有量,若從多孔構造的形成及生產性的觀點,40質量%~80質量%較佳。凝固液的溫度是例如20℃~50℃。
在乾式過程中,從複合膜將溶劑除去的方法,沒有限定,例如,可舉例使複合膜與發熱構件接觸的方法;在溫度及濕度被調整的腔室內將複合膜搬運的方法;將熱風接觸複合膜的方法等。朝複合膜賦予熱的情況,其溫度,是例如50℃~80℃。
本揭示的製造方法,是在凝固過程採用了濕式過程的情況,凝固過程之後,設置將複合膜沖水的沖水過程較
佳。沖水過程,是為了將複合膜所包含的溶劑(塗抹液的溶劑、及凝固液的溶劑)除去的目的而進行的過程。沖水過程,是將複合膜在水浴中搬運的過程較佳。沖水用的水的溫度,是例如0℃~70℃。
本揭示的製造方法,是沖水過程之後,設置從複合膜將水除去的乾燥過程較佳。乾燥方法沒有限定,例如,可舉例使複合膜與發熱構件接觸的方法;在溫度及濕度被調整的腔室內將複合膜搬運的方法;將熱風接觸複合膜的方法等。朝複合膜賦予熱的情況,其溫度,是例如50℃~80℃。
本揭示的製造方法,是採用下述的實施例也可以。
‧塗抹液調製過程的一部分,是為了從塗抹液的調製用溶劑將異物除去的目的,在與樹脂混合前進行使該溶劑通過過濾器的處理。在此處理使用的過濾器的保留粒子徑,是例如0.1μm~100μm。
‧在實施將塗抹液調製過程的槽桶設置攪拌機,由攪拌機時常將塗抹液攪拌,抑制塗抹液中的固態成分(例如充填料)的沈降。
‧將從塗抹液調製過程至塗抹過程為止的塗抹液運送配管作成循環式,在配管內使塗抹液循環來抑制塗抹液中的固態成分的凝集。此情況,將配管內的塗抹液的溫度一
定地控制較佳。
‧從塗抹液調製過程至凝集物除去過程供給塗抹液的泵,是設置精密定量泵。
‧從凝集物除去過程至塗抹過程供給塗抹液的泵,是設置無脈動定量泵。
‧在塗抹過程的上游,配置静電除去裝置,將多孔質基材表面除電。
‧在塗抹手段的周圍設置外殼,將塗抹過程的環境保持清淨,且,將塗抹過程的氣氛的溫度及濕度控制。
‧在塗抹手段的下游配置將塗抹量檢出的感測器,修正塗抹過程中的塗抹量。
以下,詳細說明複合膜的多孔質基材及多孔質層。
在本揭示中多孔質基材,是指在內部具有空孔或空隙的基材的意思。這種基材,可舉例:微多孔膜;由纖維狀物所構成的不織布、紙等的多孔性薄片;在這些微多孔膜和多孔性薄片將其他的多孔性的層積層1層以上的複合多孔質薄片;等。在本揭示中,從複合膜的薄膜化及強度的觀點,微多孔膜較佳。微多孔膜,是指在內部具有多數的微細孔,這些微細孔是成為被連結的構造,使氣體或是液體成為可從一方的面朝另一方的面通過的膜的意思。
多孔質基材的材料,是具有電絕緣性的材料
較佳,有機材料及無機材料皆可以。
多孔質基材的材料,若從對於多孔質基材賦予關閉功能的觀點,是熱可塑性樹脂較佳。關閉功能,是指在複合膜被適用於電池隔件的情況下電池溫度昇高時,藉由構成材料溶解將多孔質基材的孔閉塞而將離子的移動遮斷,防止電池的熱暴走的功能。熱可塑性樹脂,是融點200℃未滿的熱可塑性樹脂,特別是聚烯烴較佳。
多孔質基材,是包含聚烯烴的微多孔膜(也稱為「聚烯烴微多孔膜」)較佳。聚烯烴微多孔膜,是例如,可舉例適用在習知的電池隔件的聚烯烴微多孔膜,從其之中選擇具有足夠的力學特性及物質透過性者較佳。
聚烯烴微多孔膜,若從使發生關閉功能的觀點,是包含聚乙烯較佳,聚乙烯的含有量,是對於聚烯烴微多孔膜的全質量為95質量%以上較佳。
聚烯烴微多孔膜,若從被曝在高溫時賦予不容易破膜程度的耐熱性的觀點,是包含聚乙烯及聚丙烯的聚烯烴微多孔膜較佳。這種聚烯烴微多孔膜,可舉例聚乙烯及聚丙烯在1個層混在的微多孔膜。在這種微多孔膜中,從關閉功能及耐熱性兼容的觀點,包含95質量%以上的聚乙烯及5質量%以下的聚丙烯較佳。且,從關閉功能及耐熱性兼容的觀點,是聚烯烴微多孔膜是具備2層以上的積層構造,至少1層是包含聚乙烯,至少1層是包含聚丙烯的構造的聚烯烴微多孔膜也較佳。
被包含於聚烯烴微多孔膜的聚烯烴,其重量
平均分子量是10萬~500萬的聚烯烴較佳。聚烯烴的重量平均分子量是10萬以上的話,可以在微多孔膜賦予足夠的力學特性。另一方面,聚烯烴的重量平均分子量是500萬以下的話,微多孔膜的關閉特性良好,微多孔膜的成形容易。
聚烯烴微多孔膜的製造方法,可舉例:將熔融的聚烯烴樹脂從T-模具壓出而薄片化,將此結晶化處理之後延伸,接著進行熱處理而作成微多孔膜的方法:將與流動石蠟等的可塑劑一起熔融的聚烯烴樹脂從T-模具壓出,將此冷卻而薄片化,延伸之後,將可塑劑抽出並熱處理而作成微多孔膜的方法;等。
由纖維狀物所構成的多孔性薄片,是由:聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等的聚酯;聚乙烯、聚丙烯等的聚烯烴;芳香族聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚醚磺、聚磺、聚醚酮、聚醚醯亞胺等的耐熱性樹脂;纖維素;等的纖維狀物所構成,可舉例不織布、紙等的多孔性薄片。耐熱性樹脂,其指融點是200℃以上的樹脂,或是不具有融點的分解溫度是200℃以上的樹脂。
複合多孔質薄片,可舉例在由微多孔膜和纖維狀物所構成的多孔性薄片,將功能層積層的薄片。這種複合多孔質薄片,是從可藉由功能層進一步附加功能的觀點較佳。功能層,若從賦予例如耐熱性的觀點,可舉例:由耐熱性樹脂所構成的多孔性的層、和由耐熱性樹脂及無機充填料所構成的多孔性的層。耐熱性樹脂,是可舉例
從:芳香族聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚醚磺、聚磺、聚醚酮及聚醚醯亞胺所選擇的1種或2種以上的耐熱性樹脂。無機充填料,可舉例:氧化鋁等的金屬氧化物;氫氧化鎂等的金屬氫氧化物;等。複合化的手法,可舉例:在微多孔膜和多孔性薄片將功能層塗抹的方法、將微多孔膜和多孔性薄片及功能層由黏著劑接合的方法、將微多孔膜和多孔性薄片及功能層熱壓合的方法等。
多孔質基材的寬度,若從對於本揭示的製造方法的適合性的觀點,是0.1m~3.0m較佳。
多孔質基材的厚度,若從機械強度的觀點,是5μm~50μm較佳。
多孔質基材的斷裂伸度,若從機械強度的觀點,在MD方向是10%以上較佳,20%以上更佳,在TD方向是5%以上較佳,10%以上更佳。多孔質基材的斷裂伸度,是在溫度20℃的氣氛中,使用拉伸試驗機,由拉伸速度100mm/min進行拉伸試驗而求得。
多孔質基材的格利值(JIS P8117:2009),若從機械強度及物質透過性的觀點,是50秒/100cc~800秒/100cc較佳。
多孔質基材的空孔率,若從機械強度、處理性能、及物質透過性的觀點,是20%~60%較佳。
多孔質基材的平均孔徑,若從物質透過性的觀點,是20nm~100nm較佳。多孔質基材的平均孔徑,是依照ASTM E1294-89使用細孔徑分布計器所測量的
值。
在本揭示中多孔質層,是在內部具有多數的微細孔,這些微細孔是成為被連結的構造,使氣體或是液體是成為可從一方的面朝另一方的面通過的層。
多孔質層,是複合膜被適用在電池隔件的情況,可與電極黏著的黏著性多孔質層較佳。黏著性多孔質層,與只有形成在多孔質基材的單面相比,是雙面較佳。
多孔質層,是將含有樹脂及充填料的塗抹液塗抹而形成。因此,多孔質層,是含有樹脂及充填料。充填料,是無機充填料及有機充填料皆可以。充填料,若從多孔質層的多孔化及耐熱性的觀點,是無機粒子較佳。以下,說明在塗抹液及多孔質層所含有的樹脂等的成分。
多孔質層所包含的樹脂,並無種類的限定。多孔質層所包含的樹脂,是具有將充填料固定化的功能者(接合樹脂)較佳。多孔質層所包含的樹脂,是將複合膜由濕式過程製造的情況時從製造適合性的觀點,是疏水性樹脂較佳。多孔質層所包含的樹脂,若複合膜被適用在電池隔件的情況,是電解液穩定、電氣化學性穩定、具有將無機粒子固定化的功能、可與電極黏著較佳。多孔質層的樹脂,是包含1種也可以,包含2種以上也可以。
多孔質層所包含的樹脂,是例如可舉例:聚偏氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈等的乙烯腈類的均聚物或是共聚物、聚氧化乙烯和聚環氧丙烷等的聚醚類。其中,聚偏氟乙烯及聚偏氟乙烯共聚物(也將這些稱為「聚偏氟乙烯系樹脂」)較佳。
聚偏氟乙烯系樹脂,可舉例:氟化亞乙烯的均聚物(即聚偏氟乙烯);氟化亞乙烯及其他的共聚合可能的單體的共聚物(聚偏氟乙烯共聚物);這些的混合物;。氟化亞乙烯及共聚合可能的單體,是例如可舉例:四氟代乙烯、六氟丙烯、三氟矽乙烯、三氯乙烯、氟化乙烯等,可以使用1種類或是2種類以上。聚偏氟乙烯系樹脂,可藉由乳化聚合或是懸濁聚合製造。
多孔質層所包含的樹脂,若從耐熱性的觀點,是耐熱性樹脂(融點是200℃以上的樹脂,或是不具有融點分解溫度是200℃以上的樹脂)較佳。耐熱性樹脂,是例如可舉例:聚醯胺(耐綸)、全芳香族聚醯胺(芳族聚醯胺)、聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚磺、聚酮、聚醚酮、聚醚磺、聚醚醯亞胺、纖維素、及這些的混合物。其中,從多孔構造的形成的容易度、與無機粒子的粘合性、耐氧化性等的觀點,是全芳香族聚醯胺較佳。全芳香族聚醯胺之中,從成形容易的觀點,甲基型全芳香族聚醯胺較佳,特別是聚間苯二甲醯胺較佳。
多孔質層所包含的樹脂,也可舉例粒子狀樹
脂或是水溶性樹脂。粒子狀樹脂,是例如可舉例包含:聚偏氟乙烯系樹脂、氟系橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠等的樹脂的粒子。粒子狀樹脂,是分散在水等的分散媒並使用在塗抹液的製作。水溶性樹脂,是例如可舉例纖維素系樹脂、聚乙烯醇等。水溶性樹脂,是例如溶解在水並使用在塗抹液的製作。粒子狀樹脂及水溶性樹脂,是將凝固過程以乾式過程實施的情況時最佳。
多孔質層所包含的充填料,並無種類的限定。多孔質層所包含的充填料,是無機充填料及有機充填料皆可以。充填料的一次粒子的體積平均粒徑,是0.01μm~10μm較佳,0.1μm~10μm更佳,0.1μm~3.0μm進一步較佳。
多孔質層的充填料是包含無機粒子較佳。多孔質層所包含的無機粒子,是電解液穩定,且,電氣化學性穩定較佳。多孔質層的無機粒子,是包含1種也可以,包含2種以上也可以。
多孔質層所包含的無機粒子,是例如可舉例:氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鉻、氫氧化鋯、氫氧化鈰、氫氧化鎳、氫氧化硼等的金屬氫氧化物;二氧化矽、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鎂等的金屬氧化物;碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂等的碳酸鹽;硫酸鋇、硫酸鈣等的硫酸鹽;矽酸鈣、滑石等的黏土鑛物;等。其中,從難燃性賦予和除電效果的觀點,金屬氫氧化物及金屬氧化物較佳。無機
粒子,是藉由有機矽烷偶合劑等被表面修飾者也可以。
多孔質層所包含的無機粒子的粒子形狀是任意,球形、橢圓形、板狀、針狀、不定形皆可以。無機粒子的一次粒子的體積平均粒徑,若從多孔質層的成形性、複合膜的物質透過性、及複合膜的滑動性的觀點,0.01μm~10μm較佳,0.1μm~10μm更佳,0.1μm~3.0μm進一步較佳。
多孔質層是含有無機粒子的情況,在樹脂及無機粒子的合計量中的無機粒子的比率,是例如30體積%~90體積%。
多孔質層的充填料是含有有機充填料也可以。有機充填料,是例如可舉例:由交聯聚(甲基)丙烯酸、交聯聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、交聯聚矽酮、交聯的聚苯乙烯、交聯聚二乙烯基苯、苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物交聯物、聚醯亞胺、三聚氰胺樹脂、酚樹脂、苯代三聚氰胺-甲醛縮合物等的交聯高分子所構成的粒子;由聚磺、聚丙烯腈、芳族聚醯胺、聚縮醛、熱可塑性聚醯亞胺等的耐熱性樹脂所構成的粒子;等。
多孔質層的厚度,若從機械強度的觀點,在多孔質基材的單面是0.5μm~5μm較佳。
多孔質層的空孔率,若從機械強度、處理性能、及物質透過性的觀點,是30%~80%較佳。
多孔質層的平均孔徑,若從物質透過性的觀點,是20nm~100nm較佳。多孔質層的平均孔徑,是依
照ASTM E1294-89使用細孔徑分布計器所測量的值。
複合膜的厚度,是例如5μm~100μm,電池隔件用的情況,是例如5μm~50μm。
複合膜的格利值(JIS P8117:2009),若從機械強度及物質透過性的觀點,是50秒/100cc~800秒/100cc較佳。
複合膜的空孔率,若從機械強度、處理性能、及物質透過性的觀點,是30%~60%較佳。
在本揭示中複合膜的空孔率,是藉由下述的式求得。多孔質基材的空孔率及多孔質層的空孔率也同樣。
空孔率(%)={1-(Wa/da+Wb/db+Wc/dc+…+Wn/dn)/t}×100
Wa、Wb、Wc、…、Wn,是構成材料a、b、c、…、n的質量(g/cm2),da、db、dc、…、dn,是構成材料a、b、c、…、n的真密度(g/cm3),t是膜厚(cm)。
複合膜的用途,是例如可舉例:電池隔件、電容器用薄膜、氣體過濾器、液體過濾器等,特別是最佳的用途,可舉例非水系二次電池用隔件。
以下舉例實施例,將本發明的實施例進一步具體說明。以下的實施例所示的材料、使用量、比率、處理程序等,只要不脫離本揭示的宗旨皆可以適宜變更。因此,本發明的實施例的範圍不應被解釋是藉由以下所示的具體例被限定。
適用在實施例及比較例的測量方法,是如下述。
充填料的一次粒子的體積平均粒徑(μm),是使用Spectris社的激光粒度儀奈米ZSP進行測量。
塗抹液的黏度(Pa‧s),是使用B型旋轉黏度計(Brookfield社的型號RVDV+I、自旋軸:SC4-18)進行測量。試料,是從藉由攪拌被均質化的塗抹液採取,由試料的量7mL、試料的溫度20℃、自旋軸的旋轉數10圈/min的條件進行測量。
塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑(μm),是由第
一測範製作所的粒度測定器(最大深度25μm、刻度間隔5μm、測量範圍0μm~25μm)進行測量。本測量,是依照JIS K5600-2-5:1999進行操作。具體而言,將塗抹液滴下在粒度測定器的最深部之後,將刮刀朝向深度0μm將塗抹液撥除的方式由等速及等壓進行掃去,將粒狀或是線狀的特異模樣出現的最深部的刻度讀取(即,將粒狀或是線狀的特異模樣存在的領域的最大值求得)。將此測量進行10次算出平均,作為凝集物的最大粒徑(μm)。因為塗抹液是具有藉由隨時間推移使凝集物沈降的情況,所以載置在粒度測定器的試料,是從藉由攪拌被均質化的塗抹液採取。
過濾器的最小細孔徑(μm),是使用PMI社的細孔徑分布計器,由水銀壓入法進行測量。測量用的試料,是從過濾器內部使濾材的一部分將形狀保持的方式留意地採取。
將由實施例及比較例製造的複合膜,藉由下述的品質評價方法進行評價。
將複合膜的多孔質層側的表面由Nireco社的無地檢
查機觀察,將長徑100μm以上的大小的異物(黑點)計數,進行了如下述分類。
A:每100m2為1個未滿。
B:每100m2為1個以上5個未滿。
C:每100m2為5個以上10個未滿。
D:每100m2為10個以上。
將複合膜切成寬度8cm、長度10m作為試料。試料的寬度方向中,將中央、從一方的端至1cm內側、從另一方的端至1cm內側的各位置中的膜厚,在試料的長度方向每10cm測量,將全部的值的平均值及標準偏差算出。將獲得的標準偏差由平均值除算,求得對於膜厚的平均值的膜厚的標準偏差的比Q(標準偏差/平均值),進行了如下述分類。
AA:比Q是1%以下。
A:比Q是1%以上2%以下。
B:比Q是2%以上3%以下。
C:比Q是3%以上。
-塗抹液調製過程-
在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)及三丙二醇(TPG)的混合溶劑(質量比1:1)中,將聚間苯二甲醯胺溶解,進一步將氫氧化鋁粒子(Al(OH)3)分散而調製了塗抹液。塗抹液的組成(質量比),是Al(OH)3:聚間苯二甲醯胺:DMAc:TPG=16:4:40:40。塗抹液的黏度、及塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑如表1所示。
-凝集物除去過程-
過濾器是使用Rokitechno社的型號62.5L-HC-50AD(濾材:聚丙烯不織布、過濾面積0.02m2)。此過濾器,是中空的圓筒形,在過濾器內部連續地具有濾材的密度坡度,使液體從外側朝向內側流動的過濾器。將此過濾器在外殼內設置1個,通過10L的塗抹液。從調製了塗抹液的槽桶朝過濾器的塗抹液的供給,是藉由馬達驅動精密定量泵(TACMINA社的順流泵)進行,調節了施加於塗抹液的壓力及塗抹液的流量。凝集物除去過程的處理條件如表1所示。
-塗抹過程-
多孔質基材是準備長條狀的寬度1m的聚乙烯微多孔膜(PE膜),將凝集物的除去處理後的塗抹液藉由模具塗抹機塗抹在多孔質基材的單面形成了塗抹層。塗抹過程中的多孔質基材的搬運速度,是10m/min。
-凝固過程-
將塗抹層形成後的多孔質基材朝凝固槽搬運並浸漬在凝固液(水:DMAc:TPG=43:40:17[質量比]、液溫30℃)將被包含於塗抹層的樹脂凝固,而獲得複合膜。
-沖水過程、乾燥過程-
將複合膜,在被控制在水溫30℃的水浴中搬運下沖水,將沖水後的複合膜,通過具備加熱滾子的乾燥裝置使乾燥。
將上述的各過程連續地實施,在聚乙烯微多孔膜的單面獲得具備多孔質層的複合膜。所製造的複合膜的品質評價的結果如表1所示。且,對於其他的實施例及比較例也同樣地如表1所示。
除了將過濾器變更成Rokitechno社的型號62.5L-HC-25AD(濾材:聚丙烯不織布、過濾面積0.02m2)以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
除了將過濾器變更成Rokitechno社的型號62.5L-HC-100AD(濾材:聚丙烯不織布、過濾面積0.02m2)以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
將過濾器變更成Rokitechno社的型號62.5L-HC-10AD(濾材:聚丙烯不織布,過濾面積0.02m2)處,因為過濾器的孔堵塞而無法進行凝集物的除去處理,無法將複合膜製造。
將過濾器變更成Rokitechno社的型號62.5L-HC-05AD(濾材:聚丙烯不織布、過濾面積0.02m2)處,因為過濾器的孔堵塞而無法進行凝集物的除去處理,所以無法將複合膜製造。
除了所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑是使用15μm的塗抹液以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
除了所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑是使用20μm的塗抹液以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
除了包含的凝集物的最大粒徑是使用8μm的塗抹液以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
除了將凝集物除去過程的條件如表1地變更以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
在塗抹液調製過程中,除了將聚間苯二甲醯胺變更成聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),將氫氧化鋁粒子變更成氧化鋁粒子(Al2O3)以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
在塗抹液調製過程中,除了將聚間苯二甲醯胺變更成聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),將氫氧化鋁粒子變更成氫氧化鎂粒子(Mg(OH)2),將凝集物除去過程的條件如表1地變更以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
在塗抹液調製過程中,除了將聚間苯二甲醯胺變更成聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),將氫氧化鋁粒子變更成交聯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯粒子(PMMA),將凝集物除去過程的條件如表1地變更以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
在塗抹液調製過程中,除了將聚間苯二甲醯胺變更成
聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)乳劑,將凝集物除去過程的條件如表1變更,將凝固過程變更成由溫度60℃乾燥的乾式過程(因此,不進行沖水過程及其後的乾燥過程)以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
除了將多孔質基材變更成聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯不織布(PET不織布)以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
除了將塗抹液的組成(質量比)變更成Al(OH)3:聚間苯二甲醯胺:DMAc:TPG=16:4:35:45,將過濾器變更成Rokitechno社的型號62.5L-HC-100AD(濾材:聚丙烯不織布、過濾面積0.02m2),將凝集物除去過程的條件如表1地變更以外,是與實施例1同樣地製造了複合膜。
本說明是參照2015年3月24日申請的日本國申請第2015-61572號的整體。
本說明書的全部的文獻、日本專利申請、及技術規格,請參照各文獻、日本專利申請、及技術規格。
Claims (7)
- 一種複合膜的製造方法,具有:含有樹脂及充填料,將黏度為0.1Pa‧s以上5.0Pa‧s以下的塗抹液調製的塗抹液調製過程;及將前述塗抹液,通過具有比前述塗抹液所包含的凝集物的最大粒徑更大的最小細孔徑的過濾器將前述凝集物除去的凝集物除去過程;及將經過前述凝集物除去過程的前述塗抹液,塗抹在多孔質基材的單面或是雙面而形成塗抹層的塗抹過程;及使前述塗抹層所包含的前述樹脂凝固,而獲得在前述多孔質基材的單面或是雙面具備含有前述樹脂及前述充填料的多孔質層的複合膜的凝固過程。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的製造方法,其中,前述過濾器的最小細孔徑是前述凝集物的最大粒徑的2倍以上10倍以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項的製造方法,其中,前述凝集物的最大粒徑是2μm以上30μm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述充填料,其一次粒子的體積平均粒徑是0.1μm以上3.0μm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述過濾器的最小細孔徑是30μm以上70μm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述凝集物除去過程,是包含對於前述塗抹液施加0.05MPa以上0.5MPa以下的壓力地通過前述過濾器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項的製造方法,其中,前述凝集物除去過程,其通過前述過濾器的前述塗抹液的流量是0.5L/min以上。
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CN103143269A (zh) * | 2013-03-02 | 2013-06-12 | 福建农林大学 | 一种壳聚糖/纤维素复合分离膜及其制备方法 |
CN103531736B (zh) * | 2013-10-27 | 2016-08-24 | 乐凯胶片股份有限公司 | 一种高耐热锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-12-10 WO PCT/JP2015/084720 patent/WO2016151962A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-12-10 CN CN201580077666.XA patent/CN107427780B/zh active Active
- 2015-12-10 JP JP2016533673A patent/JP6033507B1/ja active Active
- 2015-12-10 KR KR1020237014206A patent/KR20230061573A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-12-10 KR KR1020177025617A patent/KR102637385B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-12-10 US US15/559,535 patent/US20180093459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-22 TW TW104143184A patent/TW201634602A/zh unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019085899A1 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | Shanghai Energy New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. | Methods for preparing polymer solutions, separators, electrochemical devices and products thereof |
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KR20230061573A (ko) | 2023-05-08 |
JP6033507B1 (ja) | 2016-11-30 |
KR20170130401A (ko) | 2017-11-28 |
WO2016151962A1 (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
CN107427780B (zh) | 2021-02-09 |
US20180093459A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
JPWO2016151962A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
KR102637385B1 (ko) | 2024-02-16 |
CN107427780A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
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