TW201634470A - 具有不對稱外部聯苯酚單元之雙亞磷酸酯 - Google Patents
具有不對稱外部聯苯酚單元之雙亞磷酸酯 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201634470A TW201634470A TW104140155A TW104140155A TW201634470A TW 201634470 A TW201634470 A TW 201634470A TW 104140155 A TW104140155 A TW 104140155A TW 104140155 A TW104140155 A TW 104140155A TW 201634470 A TW201634470 A TW 201634470A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- group
- aryl
- compound
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- -1 olefin compound Chemical class 0.000 description 34
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006736 (C6-C20) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PETRWTHZSKVLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=CC=C1O PETRWTHZSKVLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REPVLJRCJUVQFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (-)-isopinocampheol Natural products C1C(O)C(C)C2C(C)(C)C1C2 REPVLJRCJUVQFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N (1S,2S,6R,14R,15R,16R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC=3C4=C(C(=CC=3)O)O[C@H]3[C@@]5(OC)CC[C@@]2([C@@]43CC1)C[C@@H]5[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)CC)CC1CC1 HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006652 (C3-C12) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006707 (C3-C12) heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ILPBINAXDRFYPL-HWKANZROSA-N (E)-2-octene Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\C ILPBINAXDRFYPL-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCTDZYMMFQCTEO-FNORWQNLSA-N (E)-3-octene Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\CC YCTDZYMMFQCTEO-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIHUHUGDEZCPDK-GQCTYLIASA-N (e)-5-methylhept-2-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C\C=C\C VIHUHUGDEZCPDK-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBJRNXXTAWCKU-SNAWJCMRSA-N (e)-6-methylhept-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\CCC(C)C LXBJRNXXTAWCKU-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRUCBBFNLDIMIK-BQYQJAHWSA-N (e)-oct-4-ene Chemical compound CCC\C=C\CCC IRUCBBFNLDIMIK-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HWKANZROSA-N (e)-pent-2-ene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HYXAFXHYSA-N (z)-pent-2-ene Chemical compound CC\C=C/C QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005919 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005918 1,2-dimethylbutyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-cyclooctadiene Chemical compound C1CC=CCCC=C1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006218 1-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UKHDFPAHOWKZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol Chemical group COC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O UKHDFPAHOWKZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- RCBGGJURENJHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhept-1-ene Chemical class CCCCCC(C)=C RCBGGJURENJHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRUDSQHLKGNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=C IRUDSQHLKGNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QDMFTFWKTYXBIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methyl-1-heptene Chemical class CCCCC(C)C=C QDMFTFWKTYXBIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexene Chemical compound CCC=CCC ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003542 3-methylbutan-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RITONZMLZWYPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CCCC(C)C=C RITONZMLZWYPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZJZVNABSFJYOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylidenenonane Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=C)CC XZJZVNABSFJYOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005917 3-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004639 Schlenk technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012445 acidic reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000005347 biaryls Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116229 borneol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CKDOCTFBFTVPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N borneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(C)CC1C2(C)C CKDOCTFBFTVPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MEXSQFDSPVYJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEXSQFDSPVYJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002676 chrysenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=C4C=CC=CC4=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005100 correlation spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-isoborneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(O)CC1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001052 heteronuclear multiple bond coherence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005570 heteronuclear single quantum coherence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003041 laboratory chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAZQYVYVKYOAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-M loxoprofen sodium hydrate Chemical group O.O.[Na+].C1=CC(C(C([O-])=O)C)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)CCC1 BAZQYVYVKYOAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002454 metastable transfer emission spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LNYJYVGUHXQWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate;triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CC[N+](C)(CC)CC LNYJYVGUHXQWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004262 preparative liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl ethylene Natural products CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003507 tetrahydrothiofenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/65746—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
- B01J31/185—Phosphites ((RO)3P), their isomeric phosphonates (R(RO)2P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B41/00—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen
- C07B41/06—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen of carbonyl groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/321—Hydroformylation, metalformylation, carbonylation or hydroaminomethylation
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
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Abstract
具有至少一個不對稱外部聯苯酚單元之雙亞磷酸酯。
Description
本發明關於具有至少一個不對稱外部聯苯酚單元之雙亞磷酸酯。此外,本發明關於該具有至少一個不對稱外部聯苯酚單元之雙亞磷酸酯於氫甲醯化反應中作為配體之用途。
雙亞磷酸酯具有稱為骨架之中心單元和經由磷原子與該中心單元鍵結之2個外部單元。該2個外部單元可為相同或不同。
已知烯烴化合物、一氧化碳及氫於觸媒之存在下生成包含1個額外碳原子之醛的反應為氫甲醯化或側氧基合成。此等反應所使用之觸媒通常為元素周期表第VIII族之過渡金屬的化合物。已知之配體包括例如膦、亞磷酸酯及亞膦酸酯類之化合物,每個該等化合物含有三價磷(III)。烯烴之氫甲醯化技術的良好回顧可參閱文獻B.CORNILS,W.A.HERRMANN,"Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds",vol.1 & 2,
VCH,Weinheim,New York,1996或R.Franke,D.Selent,A.Börner,"Applied Hydroformylation",Chem.Rev.,2012,DOI:10.1021/cr3001803。
每個催化活性組成物具有彼之特定優點。因此,依據進料和標的產物,使用不同之催化活性組成物。
專利US 4 694 109和US 4 879 416描述雙膦配體和於低合成氣體壓力下彼等於烯烴之氫甲醯化的用途。特別地於丙烯之氫甲醯化,此類型之配體顯現高活性。WO 95/30680揭露雙牙膦配體和彼等於催化反應(包括氫甲醯化反應)之用途。
DE 10 2006 058 682 A1揭露具有不同但對稱之外部單元的雙亞磷酸酯,例如DE 10 2006 058 682 A1說明書第8頁描述之化合物1b。
即使多數配體和彼等於經銠催化之氫甲醯化的用途為習知,開發具有改良之性質的新穎配體仍為吾人所欲的。
本發明針對的問題是:與習知之雙亞磷酸酯相比較,能否提供於氫甲醯化反應中具有優異性質之雙亞磷酸酯。更特別地,所針對的問題是:能否提供新穎之配體,且與同樣地具有3個聯苯酚單元之結構類似的雙亞磷酸酯相比較,使用該新穎配體能導致改善之產率。對至少一種烯烴能達成該改善之產率。
該目標可藉由如申請專利範圍之請求項1的化合物達成。
一種具有結構通式I之化合物:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7及R8係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-(C6-C20)-芳基、-S-烷基、-S-芳基、鹵素、COO-(C1-C12)-烷基、CONH-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CO-(C6-C20)-芳基、-COOH、-OH、-SO3H、-CN、-NH2及-N[(C1-C12)-烷基]2;R1'、R2'、R3'、R4'、R5'、R6'、R7'、R8'、R1"、R2"、R3"、R4"、R5"、R6"、R7"及R8"係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-(C6-C20)-芳基、-S-烷基、-S-芳基、鹵素、-COO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CONH-(C1-
C12)-烷基、-CO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CO-(C6-C20)-芳基、-COOH、-OH、-SO3H、-NH2及-N[(C1-C12)-烷基]2;其中上述烷基和芳基可經取代,且下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團非相同基團:R1'和R8'、R2'和R7'、R3'和R6'及R4'和R5',且/或下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團非相同基團:R1"和R8"、R2"和R7"、R3"和R6"及R4"和R5"。
該特徵“且下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團非相同基團:R1'和R8'、R2'和R7'、R3'和R6'及R4'和R5',且/或下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團非相同基團:R1"和R8"、R2"和R7"、R3"和R6"及R4"和R5"”表示事實:該2個外部聯苯酚單元中至少一者係不對稱之聯苯酚。亦可能的是:該2個外部聯苯酚單元同時係不對稱的。對於不對稱之聯苯酚,該2個芳香族系統藉由彼等之間的鏡面彼此不能映像。
允許之基團對的實例如下:R1'≠R8'、R2'=R7'、R3'=R6'且R4'=R5';及R1'=R8'、R2'=R7'、R3'≠R6'且R4'=R5'。
其中超過1對基團不為相同之基團對亦為例如:R1'≠R8'、R2'=R7'、R3'≠R6'且R4'=R5';及R1'≠R8'、R2'≠R7'、R3'≠R6'且R4'=R5'。
被排除之唯一情況是:所有4對基團之每對基團皆為相同基團:R1'=R8'、R2'=R7'、R3'=R6'且R4'=R5'。此為對稱之聯苯酚。
上述相同情況類似地適用於該"基團。
(C1-C12)-烷基和O-(C1-C12)-烷基各別可未經取代或經一或多個相同或不同之基團取代,該等基團選自:(C3-C12)-環烷基、(C3-C12)-雜環烷基、(C6-C20)-芳基、氟、氯、氰基、甲醯基、醯基及烷氧羰基。
(C6-C20)-芳基和-(C6-C20)-芳基-(C6-C20)-芳基-各別可未經取代或經一或多個相同或不同之基團取代,該等基團選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-(C6-C20)-芳基、-鹵素(諸如Cl、F、Br及I)、-COO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CONH-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基-CON[(C1-C12)-烷基]2、-CO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CO-(C6-C20)-芳基、-COOH、-OH、-SO3H、-SO3Na、-NO2、-CN、-NH2及-N[(C1-C12)-烷基]2。
於本發明中,“-(C1-C12)-烷基”包含直鏈和支鏈烷基。較佳地,該等直鏈和支鏈烷基係未經取代之直鏈或支鏈-(C1-C8)-烷基且最佳地-(C1-C6)-烷基。-(C1-C12)-烷基之實例特別係甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、2-己基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基丁基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、正庚基、2-庚基、
3-庚基、2-乙基戊基、1-丙基丁基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、2-丙基庚基、壬基及癸基。
有關該“-(C1-C12)-烷基”之說明亦適用於-O-(C1-C12)-烷基(即-(C1-C12)-烷氧基)之烷基。較佳地,該-(C1-C12)-烷氧基係未經取代之直鏈或支鏈-(C1-C6)-烷氧基。
取決於鏈長,經取代之-(C1-C12)-烷基和經取代之-(C1-C12)-烷氧基可含有一或多個取代基。該等取代基較佳地各別獨立選自-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基、氟、氯、氰基、甲醯基、醯基或烷氧羰基。
於本發明中,“-(C3-C12)-環烷基”包含具有3至12個(特別地5至12個)碳原子之單環、二環或三環烴基。該-(C3-C12)-環烷基包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環十二烷基、環十五烷基、原冰片烷基及金剛烷基。經取代之環烷基的一個實例係薄荷腦基(menthyl)。
於本發明中,“-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基”包含具有3至12個(特別地5至12個)碳原子之非芳香族的飽和或部分不飽和之環脂肪族基。該-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基較佳地具有3至8個(更佳地5或6個)環原子。相對於該環烷基,於該雜環烷基中,1、2、3或4個環碳原子係經雜原子或含有雜原子之基團替代。該雜原子或含有雜原子之基團較佳地選自-O-、-S-、-N-、-N(=O)-、-C(=O)-或-S(=O)-。該-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基之實例係四氫噻吩基、四氫呋喃基、四氫哌
喃基及二噁烷基。
於本發明中,"-(C6-C20)-芳基和-(C6-C20)-芳基-(C6-C20)-芳基-"包含單環或多環之芳香族烴基。該-(C6-C20)-芳基和-(C6-C20)-芳基-(C6-C20)-芳基-含有6至20個(更佳地6至14個且特別地6至10個)環原子。芳基較佳地係-(C6-C10)-芳基和-(C6-C10)-芳基-(C6-C10)-芳基-。芳基特別地係苯基、萘基、茚基、茀基、蒽基、菲基、稠四苯基、屈基(chrysenyl)、芘基及蔻基。更特別地,芳基係苯基、萘基及蒽基。
取決於環之大小,經取代之-(C6-C20)-芳基和-(C6-C20)-芳基-(C6-C20)-芳基-可含有一或多個(例如1、2、3、4或5個)取代基。該等取代基較佳地各別獨立選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-(C6-C20)-芳基、-鹵素(諸如Cl、F、Br及I)、-COO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CONH-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基-CON[(C1-C12)-烷基]2、-CO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CO-(C6-C20)-芳基、-COOH、-OH、-SO3H、-SO3Na、-NO2、-CN、-NH2及-N[(C1-C12)-烷基]2。
經取代之-(C6-C20)-芳基和-(C6-C20)-芳基-(C6-C20)-芳基-較佳地係經取代之-(C6-C10)-芳基和-(C6-C10)-芳基-(C6-C10)-芳基-,特別是經取代之苯基、經取代之萘基或經取代之蒽基。經取代之-(C6-C20)-芳基較佳地含有一或多個(例如1、2、3、4或5個)取代基,該等取代基選自-(C1-C12)-烷基或-(C1-C12)-烷氧基。
於一實施態樣中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7及R8係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-S-烷基及-S-芳基。
於一實施態樣中,R1'、R2'、R3'、R4'、R5'、R6'、R7'及R8'係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-S-烷基及-S-芳基。
於一實施態樣中,R1"、R2"、R3"、R4"、R5"、R6"、R7"及R8"係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-S-烷基及-S-芳基。
於一實施態樣中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7及R8係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
於一實施態樣中,R1'、R2'、R3'、R4'、R5'、R6'、R7'及R8'係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
於一實施態樣中,R1"、R2"、R3"、R4"、R5"、R6"、R7"及R8"係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
於一實施態樣中,R1、R1'及R1"係相同基團且R8、R8'及R8"係相同基團。
於一實施態樣中,R1'和R8'不為相同基團且R1"和R8"不為相同基團。
於一實施態樣中,下述4對基團中至少一對者之2個基團不為相同基團:R1'和R8'、R2'和R7'、R3'和R6'及R4'
和R5',且下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團不為相同基團:R1"和R8"、R2"和R7"、R3"和R6"及R4"和R5"。
於一實施態樣中,下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團不為相同基團:R1'和R8'、R2'和R7'、R3'和R6'及R4'和R5',且下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團為相同基團:R1"和R8"、R2"和R7"、R3"和R6"及R4"和R5"。
於一實施態樣中,下述4個基團中至少一者係不同於其他基團:R1'、R8'、R1"及R8"。
於一實施態樣中,下述4個基團中至少一者係不同於其他基團:R2'、R7'、R2"及R7"。
於一實施態樣中,下述4個基團中至少一者係不同於其他基團:R3'、R6'、R3"及R6"。
於一實施態樣中,下述4個基團中至少一者係不同於其他基團:R4'、R5'、R4"及R5"。
於一實施態樣中,下述組群中3個基團皆為相同基團:R1=R1'=R1";R2=R2'=R2";R3=R3'=R3";R4=R4'=R4";R5=R5'=R5";及R6=R6'=R6"。
於一實施態樣中,該化合物具有式(1):
本申請案請求該等化合物和包含該等化合物之錯合物。
錯合物包含:- 上述化合物;和- 選自Rh、Ru、Co或Ir之金屬原子。
於一較佳實施態樣中,該金屬係Rh。
對此,參閱文獻R.Franke,D.Selent,A.Börner,"Applied Hydroformylation",Chem.Rev.,2012,DOI:10.1021/cr3001803,p.5688,反應圖12"General Method for the Preparation of a P-Modified Rh precatalyst"和其中引述之參考文獻、P.W.N.M.van Leeuwen,“Rhodium Catalyzed Hydroformylation”,P.W.N.M.van Leeuwen,C.Claver(編輯),Kluwer,Dordrecht,2000,特別是p.48ff.,p.233ff.和其中引述之參考文獻、及K.D.Wiese and D.Obst,Top.Organomet.Chem.2006,18,1-13和Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 p.6 ff.和其中引述之參考文獻。
本申請案另請求該等化合物於催化氫甲醯化反應之配體-金屬錯合物中作為配體之用途。
使用上述化合物於催化氫甲醯化反應之配體-金屬錯合物。
本申請案亦請求一種方法,其中該化合物作為用於轉化烯烴為醛之配體-金屬錯合物的配體。
本發明揭露一種方法,其包含下述步驟:a)起初載入烯烴;b)添加上述錯合物、或上述化合物和包括金屬原子之物質,該金屬原子選自:Rh、Ru、Co及Ir;c)將H2和CO饋入;及d)加熱反應混合物以將烯烴轉化為醛。
於該方法中,可以任何所欲之順序完成製程步驟a)至d)。
對此,亦可使用過量之配體,且每個配體無須以配體-金屬錯合物之形式結合存在但係以自由配體之形式存在於該反應混合物中。
於慣用之條件下進行該反應。
較佳的是80℃至160℃之溫度和1巴(bar)至300巴之壓力。特佳的是100℃至160℃之溫度和15巴至250巴之壓力。
於本發明之方法中,進行氫甲醯化反應之反應物係烯烴類或烯烴類之混合物,特別是含有2至24個(較佳地3至16個且更佳地3至12個)碳原子之具有終端或內部C-C雙鍵的單烯烴,例如1-丙烯、1-或2-戊烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯、2-甲基-2-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、1-、2-或3-己烯、得
自丙烯之二聚化(二丙烯)的C6烯烴混合物、庚烯類、2-或3-甲基-1-己烯類、辛烯類、2-甲基庚烯類、3-甲基庚烯類、5-甲基-2-庚烯、6-甲基-2-庚烯、2-乙基-1-己烯、得自丁烯類之二聚化(二丁烯)的C8烯烴混合物、壬烯類、2-或3-甲基辛烯類、得自丙烯之三聚化(三丙烯)的C9烯烴混合物、癸烯類、2-乙基-1-辛烯、十二烯類、得自丁烯類之四聚化或三聚化(四丙烯或三丁烯)的C12烯烴混合物、十四烯類、十六烯類、得自丁烯類之四聚化(四丁烷)的C16烯烴混合物、及藉由含有不同碳原子數(較佳地2至4個碳原子)之烯烴類經共寡聚合所製備的混合物。
隨後藉由實施例和圖式,詳細說明本發明。
1‧‧‧陰極
2‧‧‧鐵氟龍塞
3‧‧‧冷卻套
4‧‧‧螺旋夾
5‧‧‧陽極
6‧‧‧封端
7‧‧‧磁性攪拌棒
圖1顯示反應裝置,其中可進行產生對應之不對稱聯芳的偶合反應。該裝置包含鎳陰極(1)和由矽上硼摻雜鑽石(BDD)所構成之陽極(5)。該裝置可於冷卻套(3)之輔助下被冷卻。箭頭表示冷卻水之流向。反應空間係由鐵氟龍塞(2)密封。反應混合物係藉由磁性攪拌棒(7)混合。在陽極側,藉由螺旋夾(4)和封端(6)密封該裝置。
藉由閃爍層析使用60M矽膠(0.040-0.063mm;購自
Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co,Düren)和最大壓力1.6巴(bar)進行製備性液相層析分離。使用Geduran Si 60矽膠(0.063-0.200mm;購自Merck KGaA,Darmstadt)進行未施壓力之分離。用作洗提液之溶劑(乙酸乙酯(工業級)和環己烷(工業級))業已於經旋轉蒸發器之前經蒸餾純化。
使用現成之PSC矽膠60 F254板(購自Merck KGaA,Darmstadt)進行薄膜層析(TLC)。Rf值係以所使用之洗提液混合物之函數報告。使用磷鈰/鉬酸溶液作為浸漬反應劑以使該TLC板染色。磷鈰/鉬酸反應劑:磷鉬酸(5.6g)、硫酸鈰(IV)四水合物(2.2g)及濃硫酸(13.3g)加入至水(200ml)。
藉助於GC-2010氣相層析儀(Shimadzu,Japan)進行產物混合物和純物質之氣相層析(GC)研究。使用HP-5石英毛細管柱(購自Agilent Technologies,USA;長度:30m;內徑:0.25mm;共價鍵結之固定相的膜厚度:0.25μm;載體氣體:氫;注射器溫度:250℃;偵測器溫度:310℃;程式:"難"(hard)方法:起始溫度50℃經1分鐘,加熱速率:15℃/分鐘,終止溫度290℃經8分鐘)進行分析。藉助於該GC-2010氣相層析儀與GCMS-QP2010質量偵測器(Shimadzu,Japan)之組合記錄產物混合物和純物質之氣相層析-質譜(GC-MS)分析。使用HP-1石英毛細管柱(購自Agilent Technologies,USA;長度:30m;內徑:
0.25mm;共價鍵結之固定相的膜厚度:0.25μm;載體氣體:氫;注射器溫度:250℃;偵測器溫度:310℃;程式:"難"(hard)方法:起始溫度50℃經1分鐘,加熱速率:15℃/分鐘,終止溫度290℃經8分鐘;GC-MS:離子源溫度:200℃)進行分析。
藉助於SG 2000熔點測定儀(HW5,Mainz)測量熔點且所測得之熔點未經校正。
於德國美茵茨(Mainz)之Johannes Gutenberg大學的有機化學系之分析部門,使用Vario EL Cube(購自Foss-Heraeus,Hanau)進行元素分析。
使用Ultima 3 QT(購自Waters Micromasses,Milford,Massachusetts)進行所有電灑游離分析(ESI+)。使用MAT 95 XL扇形場儀器(購自ThermoFinnigan,Bremen)分析EI質譜和高解析度EI光譜。
使用AC 300或AV II 400型多核共振光譜儀(購自Bruker,Analytische Messtechnik,Karlsruhe)進行NMR光
譜研究。使用之溶劑係CDCl3。使用NMR溶劑數據表(得自Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories,USA)且依據未氘化之溶劑的殘餘量,校正1H和13C光譜。藉助於H,H-COSY、H,H-NOESY、H,C-HSQC及H,C-HMBC光譜,指示某些1H和13C光譜訊號。化學位移係以δ值(ppm)報告。對於NMR訊號之多重性,使用下述之簡稱:s(單峰);bs(寬單峰);d(二重峰);t(三重峰);q(四重峰);m(多重峰);dd(雙重二重峰);dt(三重二重峰);tq(四重三重峰)。所有偶合常數J係以赫茲(Hz)和所含括之鍵結數報告。訊號之指示編號對應化學式所示之編號,該等化學式不必然必須對應IUPAC命名。
所有下述之製備係於保護性氣體下且使用標準Schlenk技術進行。溶劑於使用前經適當之乾燥劑乾燥(參閱文獻Purification of Laboratory Chemicals,W.L.F.Armarego(作者),Christina Chai(作者),Butterworth Heinemann(Elsevier),第6版,Oxford 2009)。
藉由電化學方法,令氧化電位不同之2個苯酚偶合以製備不對稱聯苯酚。對此,亦參閱文獻B.Elsler,D.Schollmeyer,K.M.Dyballa,R.Franke,S.R.Waldvogel,"Metall- und reagensfreie hochselektive anodische
Kreuzkupplung von Phenolen"[Metal- and Reagent-Free High-Selectivity Anodic Cross-Coupling of Phenols],Angew.Chem.,2014,DOI:10.1002/ange.201400627。
於圖1所示之裝置中進行偶合反應。
令具有氧化電位EOx1之第一苯酚(5毫莫耳)和具有氧化電位EOx2之第二苯酚(15毫莫耳)溶解於用量如下述表1所示之1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟異丙醇(HFIP)和MeOH或甲酸和MeOH。電解係電流恆定。藉由使用恆溫器使電解槽之外層維持於約10℃之控制溫度下並同時令反應混合物經攪拌且藉助於沙浴經加熱至50℃。於該電解完成後,將槽內容物與甲苯一起轉移至圓底燒瓶(50ml)並使用旋轉蒸發器於50℃和200至70毫巴(mbar)之減壓下除去溶劑。藉由短徑蒸餾(100℃,10-3mbar)回收未被轉化之反應物。
陽極:矽上摻雜硼之金剛石(BDD)
陰極:Ni篩網
溫度[T]:50℃
電流[I]:15mA
電流密度[j]:2.8mA/cm2
電荷[Q]:2F/莫耳(缺陷成分)
終端電壓[Umax]:3至5V
藉由上述之一般方法且於如圖1所示之反應裝置中合成聯苯酚。
令4-甲基癒創木酚(0.69g;5毫莫耳;1.0當量)和3-三級丁基苯酚(2.25g;15毫莫耳;3.0當量)溶解於1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟異丙醇(HFIP;33ml),加入甲基硫酸甲基三乙基銨(MTES;0.68g)且將電解液轉移至電解槽。經電解後,於減壓下除去溶劑和未被轉化之反應物,令粗產物經閃爍層析(矽膠60;環己烷:乙酸乙酯(4:1)洗提液)純化且得到呈無色固體之產物。產率:808mg(63%;3.1毫莫耳)。
GC(難方法,HP-5):tR=13.97分鐘
Rf(CH:EA=4:1)=0.29
mp=160.3℃(自DCM/CH再結晶)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=1.37(s,9H,12-H),2.36(s,3H,9-H),3.94(s,3H,8-H),6.25(s,1H,7-H),6.48(s,1H,10-H),6.75(d,1H,6-H),6.79(d,1H,4-H),7.08(dd,1H,5'-H),7.12(d,1H,3'-H),7.27(d,1H,6'-
H);偶合:4J4-H,6-H=1.7Hz;3J5'-H,6'-H=8.0Hz;4J3'-H,5'-H=1.7Hz;13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ=21.24(C-9),31.31(C-12),34.58(C-11),56.15(C-8),110.79(C-4),114.94(C-3'),118.30(C-5'),122.37(C-1'),123.88(C-1),123.94(C-6),130.45(C-6'),130.53(C-4'),139.24(C-5),146.32(C-3),152.91(C-2'),153.13(C-2)。
C15H16O4 HRMS(ESI+)[M+Na+]:計算309.1467,結果309.1466
MS(EI,GCMS):m/z(%)242(100)[M]+,227(38)[M-CH3]+。
C18H22O3元素分析:計算C:75.50%,H:7.74%,結果C:75.41%,H:7.72%。
令4'-(三級丁基)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基-[1,1'-聯苯]-2,2'-二醇(0.274g;0.957毫莫耳)之THF(10ml)溶液於-20℃下與正丁基鋰(2當量)之己烷(3.59ml)溶液混合,於該溫度下令所得之混合物再經攪拌20分鐘且隨後於室溫下加入9-(三級丁基)-6-氯-4-甲氧基-2-甲基二苯並[d,f][1,3,2]二氧雜磷呯(0.792g;2.258毫莫耳)之THF(11ml)溶液。令反應混合物經隔夜攪拌並於減壓下除去溶劑。加入甲苯(25ml)並令所生成之懸浮液經過濾。令濾液再次經通過矽膠過濾並於減壓下除去溶劑。令所生成之固體於50℃/0.1mbar下經乾燥3小時。產率:0.856g(0.936毫莫耳;98%)。
元素分析(計算C54H60O9P2=915.01g/莫耳)C 70.67(70.88);H 6.52(6.61);P 6.69(6.77)%。
31P NMR(CD2Cl2):141.9(d,J PP=7.8Hz);142.2(d,J PP=7.8Hz);145.1(d,J PP=7.8Hz);145.2(d,J PP=7.8Hz)ppm。
1H NMR(CD2Cl2):1.22-1.33(dd,18H);1.37(m,9H);2.42(m,9H);3.81-3.88(dd,6H);4.02(s,3H);6.79-6.85(m,3H,H芳香族);6.88(m,2H,H芳香族);6.90-6.98(m,1H,
H芳香族);6.95(m,1H,H芳香族);7.00-7.05(m,1H,H芳香族);7.20-7.35(m,4H,H芳香族);7.37-7.44(m,3H,H芳香族)ppm。
令4'-(三級丁基)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基-[1,1'-聯苯]-2,2'-二醇(0.489g;1.708毫莫耳)之甲苯(12ml)溶液與吡啶(0.389g;3.844毫莫耳)混合並將所生成之混合物於3℃下逐滴加入至6-氯二苯並[d,f][1,3,2]二氧雜磷呯(0.942g;3.758毫莫耳)之甲苯(12ml)溶液。令反應混合物經隔夜攪拌並隨後經過濾。令濾液於減壓下經濃縮至乾燥狀態並令所生成之固體於50℃/0.1mbar下經乾燥。令殘餘物經管柱層析(己烷/甲苯,1:2,R f =0,3)純化。產率:0.738g(1.032毫莫耳;58%)。
元素分析(計算C42H36O7P2=714.69g/莫耳)C 70.59(70.58);H 5.28(5.08);P 8.85(8.67)%。
31P NMR(CD2Cl2):144.3(d,J PP=9.1Hz);148.1(d,J PP=9.1Hz)ppm。
1H NMR(CD2Cl2):1.51(m,9H);2.45(m,3H);4.06(s,3H);6.80-6.87(m,3H,H芳香族);6.98-7.03(m,2H,H芳香族);7.03-7.05(m,1H,H芳香族);7.28-7.35(m,8H,H芳香族);7.35-7.38(m,1H,H芳香族);7.38-7.43(m,2H,H芳香族);7.46-7.54(m,4H,H芳香族)ppm。
13C NMR(CD2Cl2):21.5;57.0;113.8;118.4(d,J CP=10.1Hz);121.8;122.5(d,J CP=14.1Hz);124.9;125.5(d,J CP=17.3Hz);127.9;128.7;129.4;129.4(d,J CP=16.8Hz);130.1(d,J CP=16.1Hz);131.3;131.5;131.6;132.0;134.4;138.0;149.5(d,J CP=4.8Hz);149.7(d,J CP=4.4Hz);149.8(d,J CP=7.0Hz);151.2(d,J CP=3.2Hz);153.4ppm。
於配備保壓閥、氣體流量計、噴灑攪拌器及壓力吸量管之熱壓器(200ml;Premex Reactor AG,Lengau,瑞士)內進行氫甲醯化反應。為使溼氣和氧之影響最小,令作為溶劑之甲苯經酮基鈉乾燥並於氬氣下經蒸餾。令作為受質之下述物質於鈉上和回流下經加熱並於氬氣下經蒸餾數小時:1-辛烯(Aldrich)、順式/反式-2-戊烯(Aldrich)及正辛烯類(Oxeno GmbH,辛烯異構物混合物:1-辛烯~3%;順式+反式-2-辛烯~49%;順式+反式-3-辛烯~29%;順式+反式-4-辛烯~16%;結構異構性辛烯~3%)。
為進行實驗,將作為觸媒前驅物之下述呈
[(acac)Rh(COD)](acac=乙醯丙酮陰離子;COD=1,5-環辛二烯)(OMG AG & Co.KG,Hanau,DE)形式的銠之甲苯溶液於氬氣下導入該熱壓器:對100ppm實驗,質量為4.31毫莫耳之銠溶液(10ml),且對40ppm實驗,質量為相同量之經適當稀釋的溶液。隨後加入溶於甲苯之適當量的亞磷酸酯化合物(一般為2至5配體當量/單位銠)。藉由進一步加入甲苯(藉由氣相層析(GC)分析測量甲苯全部量(如下述)),經壓力吸量管調整觸媒溶液之起始體積為a)41.0ml(欲加入15ml烯烴(1-辛烯、正辛烯類及提高2-戊烯濃度之實驗))、或b)51.9ml(欲加入4.1ml2-戊烯)。每次實驗皆測量導入之甲苯質量。烯烴之起始重量:1-辛烯(10.62g;94.64毫莫耳)、正辛烯類(10.70g;95.35毫莫耳)及2-戊烯(9.75g;139.00毫莫耳)。每次實驗於a)42巴(bar)達最終壓力50巴、b)12巴達最終壓力20巴及c)7巴達最終壓力10巴之整體氣體壓力(合成氣(Linde);H2(99.999%):CO(99.997%)=1:1)下令該熱壓器於攪拌(1500rpm)下經加熱至所述之溫度。經達到反應溫度後,增加該合成氣之壓力至a)48.5巴達最終壓力50巴、b)19.5巴達最終壓力20巴及c)9.5巴達最終壓力10巴並於每次實驗於該壓力吸量管設定之約3巴之正壓下注入下表記載之烯烴(混合物)。於50、20或10巴之恆定壓力(密封迴路壓力控制器(Bronkhorst,荷蘭))下進行反應超過4小時。經超過該反應時間後,令該熱壓器冷卻至室溫,於攪拌下解除壓縮且經氬氣清洗。於關閉該攪拌器後,立即取
出每個反應混合物(1ml),經戊烷(5ml)稀釋且經氣相層析(HP 5890系列II plus,PONA,50m×0.2mm×0.5μm)分析;使用該甲苯溶劑作為內部標準,定量測定殘餘之烯烴和醛。
溶劑:甲苯
Yld.=產率
p=壓力[巴(bar)]
T=溫度[℃]
t=時間[小時(h)]
[Rh]=銠濃度[ppm]
L/Rh=配體/銠之比率
所使用之比較性配體係配體2。
本發明之化合物係以*表示。
由表1可知,配體2之已為極佳的產率可被再次增加。
由表2可知,配體2之已為極佳的產率可被再次顯著地增加。
如該實驗結果所示,所述之問題係由本發明之化合物解決。
第一次可產生具有不對稱外部聯苯酚單元且具有極佳之氫甲醯化性質的雙亞磷酸酯。
該等特定結構和此類型配體係屬完全未知且迄今不可獲得者。
該等雙亞磷酸酯具有新穎之不對稱性。本發明之特定特徵係該外部聯苯酚單元內之不對稱性,其導致產生不對稱雙亞磷酸酯。該等不對稱雙亞磷酸酯於結構上係完全不同於先前技術所描述之雙亞磷酸酯,其中不對稱雙亞磷酸酯配體係經由對稱聯苯酚單元之特定排列產生,例如2個
外部單元不同,但是各別單元(主體單元和外部單元)本身係對稱。
1‧‧‧陰極
2‧‧‧鐵氟龍塞
3‧‧‧冷卻套
4‧‧‧螺旋夾
5‧‧‧陽極
6‧‧‧封端
7‧‧‧磁性攪拌棒
Claims (15)
- 一種具有結構通式I之化合物:
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7及R8係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C6-C20)-芳基、-S-烷基及-S-芳基。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7及R8係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之化合物,其中R1"、R2"、R3"、R4"、R5"、R6"、R7"及R8"係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7及R8係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物,其中R1'、R2'、R3'、R4'、R5'、R6'、R7'及R8'係選自:-H、-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之化合物,其中R1"、R2"、R3"、R4"、R5"、R6"、R7"及R8"係選自:-H、-(C1- C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基及-O-(C6-C20)-芳基。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物,其中R1、R1'及R1"係相同基團,且R8、R8'及R8"係相同基團。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物,其中R1'和R8'非相同基團,且R1"和R8"非相同基團。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物,其中下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團非相同基團:R1'和R8'、R2'和R7'、R3'和R6'、及R4'和R5',且下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團非相同基團:R1"和R8"、R2"和R7"、R3"和R6"、及R4"和R5"。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物,其中下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團非相同基團:R1'和R8'、R2'和R7'、R3'和R6'、及R4'和R5',且下述4對基團中至少一對之2個基團係相同基團:R1"和R8"、R2"和R7"、R3"和R6"、及R4"和R5"。
- 如請求項1至10中任一項之化合物,其具有式(1):
- 一種錯合物,其包含: - 如請求項1至12中任一項之化合物;和- 選自Rh、Ru、Co及Ir之金屬原子。
- 一種如請求項1至12中任一項之化合物於催化氫甲醯化反應之用途。
- 一種方法,其包含下述步驟:a)起初載入烯烴;b)添加如請求項13之錯合物、或如請求項1至12中任一項之化合物和具有金屬原子之物質,該金屬原子選自:Rh、Ru、Co及Ir;c)將H2和CO饋入;及d)加熱反應混合物以將烯烴轉化為醛。
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