TW201609607A - 壓入材料 - Google Patents
壓入材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201609607A TW201609607A TW104110440A TW104110440A TW201609607A TW 201609607 A TW201609607 A TW 201609607A TW 104110440 A TW104110440 A TW 104110440A TW 104110440 A TW104110440 A TW 104110440A TW 201609607 A TW201609607 A TW 201609607A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010407 ammonium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000728 ammonium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- KPGABFJTMYCRHJ-YZOKENDUSA-N ammonium alginate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O KPGABFJTMYCRHJ-YZOKENDUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 or the like Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKMOSYLWYLMHAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-6-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=C(Br)C=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O KKMOSYLWYLMHAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002310 Welan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052849 andalusite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQUIAMCJEJUUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Bi+3].[Bi+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O DQUIAMCJEJUUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl pentane Natural products CCCCC(C)(C)C FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/025—Mixtures of materials with different sizes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/22—Grog products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/36—Reinforced clay-wares
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C04B35/6365—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B25/00—Doors or closures for coke ovens
- C10B25/02—Doors; Door frames
- C10B25/16—Sealing; Means for sealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
- C10B29/06—Preventing or repairing leakages of the brickwork
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0073—Seals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Abstract
本發明之課題為提供一種能夠提昇窯爐中之間隙的密封性之壓入材料。
本發明之解決手段為，於適用於窯爐的壓入材料中，以使在80℃~500℃之氛圍溫度環境下進行加熱時，伴隨比加熱前大1.3倍以上之體積膨脹的方式來調整摻合組成。
例如，於合量100質量%中，摻合內含液化氣體的熱塑性塑膠體0.5質量%以上、3質量%以下、矽酸鹽3質量%以上、10質量%以下。
Description
本發明係關於適用於煉焦爐等之窯爐的壓入材料。
將壓入材料所適用的窯爐之作為其中一例的煉焦爐之一般的構造顯示於第1圖。於煉焦爐中係將煤裝入經排列設置的多數個焦爐室1內，將此煤藉由來自燃燒室2的熱進行乾餾來製造煤焦。接著，經製造的煤焦係將焦爐室的爐蓋3打開，藉由在各焦爐室間進行移動的擠出機，從焦爐室內朝向外部被擠出。
若於該煉焦爐中，隨著經年劣化，於用來抑制耐火磚的金屬製之保護器4或耐火磚上產生損傷或變形而變得不能保持焦爐室1內的密閉性，則如第1圖中箭頭所示般，爐內氣體會洩漏到外面並進行燃燒，而產生讓保護器4受到損傷的不良循環。又，在使焦爐室內的壓力成為負壓的情況中，大氣會被吸入至焦爐室內，耐火磚會藉由此大氣而被冷卻並藉由熱剝落(hot spall)而使耐火磚損傷。若耐火磚損傷，則焦爐室內的煤焦會咬入損傷部，而
在藉由擠壓機進行擠出時發生阻塞。若發生阻塞，則產生用來將咬入耐火磚的煤焦進行去除的作業，而導致煉焦爐的運轉停止。因而，必須避免爐內氣體洩漏到煉焦爐的外面。
因此，為了避免爐內氣體洩漏到煉焦爐的外
面，而進行將壓入材料壓入至耐火磚與保護器之間的間隙之作業。亦即，將壓入材料填充於間隙來將該間隙密封者。
為了提昇此間隙的密封性，以往，進行了使
壓入材料之流動性提昇的嘗試。例如，於專利文獻1中係揭示出藉由於壓入材料中摻合中空球狀氧化鋁而提昇流動性的技術。
但，僅提昇壓入材料的流動性係對於密封性
的提昇效果有限。亦即，由於在如上述之煉焦爐的窯口般狹小且複雜形狀之間隙的情況中，無論如何進行皆容易產生未填充部，此外，壓入材料在施工後會因脫水等而產生收縮的緣故。
[專利文獻1]日本特開平10-101442號公報
本發明所欲解決之課題為提供一種能夠提昇窯爐中之間隙的密封性之壓入材料。
為了解決上述課題，本發明係賦予壓入材料在施工時之顯著的體積膨脹性者。亦即，依據本發明之其中一個觀點，可提供一種壓入材料，其係適用於窯爐的壓入材料，且在80℃~500℃之氛圍溫度環境下進行加熱時，伴隨比加熱前大1.3倍以上之體積膨脹。
由於本發明之壓入材料係在窯爐中之作為施工時的溫度之80℃~500℃的氛圍溫度環境下進行加熱時，伴隨比加熱前大1.3倍以上之體積膨脹，因此成為能夠彌補因脫水等所導致之壓入材料的收縮或壓入材料的未填充部，而可使窯爐中之間隙的密封性提昇。
1‧‧‧焦爐室
2‧‧‧燃燒室
3‧‧‧爐蓋
4‧‧‧保護器
[第1圖]係顯示煉焦爐之一般性的構造之橫剖面圖。
本發明之壓入材料係特徵為在80℃~500℃之氛圍溫度環境下進行加熱時，伴隨比加熱前大1.3倍以上
之體積膨脹。此體積膨脹性(體積膨脹率)係可藉由於壓入材料中摻合內含在80℃~500℃下會膨脹的物質之熱膨脹體而得到。熱膨脹體係內含液化氣體之熱塑性塑膠體。亦即，若在常溫常壓下為液體狀態的液化氣體被加熱至80℃~500℃則會氣化而急劇地膨脹。藉此，可得到比加熱前大1.3倍以上的體積膨脹率。另外，體積膨脹率的上限雖無特別限定，但實際上於作為壓入材料所能達成的體積膨脹性係自然存在上限，例如4倍以下。
另外，作為本發明之要件的1.3倍以上之體積
膨脹率，亦可藉由摻合熱膨脹體以外的方法，例如摻合丙三醇等之多元醇而得到。
作為熱塑性塑膠體中內含的液化氣體係可列
舉：異丁烷、異戊烷、三甲基戊烷等。此外，作為構成熱塑性塑膠體的外殼之熱塑性塑膠係可列舉：二氯亞乙烯或丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯腈之共聚物等。熱塑性塑膠體之形狀雖無特別限定，但就壓入作業性的觀點而言較佳為球體。
本發明之壓入材料的較佳之摻合例係如以下
所述。
(1)於壓入材料之合量100質量%中，摻合熱塑性塑膠體0.5質量%以上、3質量%以下、矽酸鹽3質量%以上、10質量%以下。
(2)於壓入材料之合量100質量%中，摻合熱塑性塑膠體2質量%以上、7質量%以下、無機質之纖維60質量%以
上、增黏劑1質量%以上、10質量%以下。在此，所謂「壓入材料之合量」係指將在施工以前所添加的水分排除者。
於上述摻合例(1)中係摻合有矽酸鹽作為黏合
劑。藉由摻合矽酸鹽而可確保能夠保持密閉性之施工體強度。於上述摻合例(1)中，若矽酸鹽未達3質量%，則能夠保持密封性之施工體強度會變得不充分。此外，若矽酸鹽超過10質量%，則耐熱性會降低。
於上述摻合例(1)中係為了得到耐熱性而摻合
有耐火原料。作為耐火原料係可列舉：由電熔或者燒結之氧化鋁、富鋁紅柱石、合成富鋁紅柱石、富鋁紅柱石氧化鋁、氧化鎂-石灰、氧化鎂、尖晶石、氧化鋯、氧化鋯-石灰、又，鋁礬土、矽線石、紅柱石、藍晶石、鋁頁岩、燒粉、壽山石、矽石、熔融矽石、煅燒氧化鋁、超微粉矽石、鋯石、含鉻礦石、碳化矽、氮化矽、天然石墨、人造石墨、無煙煤等或黏土、膨土中所選出的1種以上之組合。另外，亦可使用將此等作為原料所成之耐火物的加工屑或使用後屑。
進而，亦可因應需要而添加有機纖維、無機
纖維等之纖維類，或者消泡劑、輸氣劑或羧甲基纖維素、甲基纖維素、糊精、褐藻酸鈉、褐藻酸銨、結蘭膠(Welan gum)、黃原膠、澱粉等之增黏劑等。
於上述摻合例(2)中係將增黏劑與無機質之纖
維一起摻合。藉由摻合無機質之纖維而可提昇熱時之壓入
材料的可塑性，藉此可確保密封性。例如，即使在藉由投入生產時的熱而使爐產生變形的情況中，也會因為摻合例(2)係具有可塑性，因此可提高對於爐的變形之順應性，而防止因爐的變形所導致之密封性的降低。若無機質之纖維未達60質量%，則無法得到充分的可塑性提昇效果。
作為無機質之纖維係可列舉：陶瓷纖維、玻璃纖維、岩綿、碳纖維、矽灰石纖維、海泡石等。
於上述摻合例(2)中增黏劑係為了提昇無機質
之纖維的分散性而進行摻合。作為增黏劑雖可列舉羧甲基纖維素、甲基纖維素、糊精、褐藻酸鈉、褐藻酸銨、結蘭膠、黃原膠、澱粉等，但就無機纖維之分散性的觀點而言，最佳為羧甲基纖維素。於上述摻合例(2)中若增黏劑未達1質量%，則無機質之纖維的分散性會變差，而成為施工不良。若增黏劑超過10質量%，則黏著性會變得過高而使作業性降低。
此外，為了進一步提昇分散性，可由縮合磷
酸、聚乙二醇、聚醚、聚羧酸、聚丙烯酸、三聚氰胺磺酸系高分子、腐植酸、烷基磺酸、磺酸、芳香族磺酸等之分散劑，或者合成聚合物、澱粉醚等之低黏性垂流防止劑，或者可得到與此等相同的效果之物質中選擇1種或2種以上來使用。
另外，於上述摻合例(2)中亦可為了得到耐熱
性而摻合與摻合例(1)相同的耐火原料。
又，上述摻合例(1)(2)係可藉由使熱塑性塑膠
體藉由熱而產生膨脹來保有保形性。因此，可不必為了確保保形性而添加高鋁水泥等之水硬性之黏合劑。亦即，由於摻合例(1)(2)係不含水硬性之黏合劑，因此即使添加水也不會硬化。因而，成為能夠在添加水分來進行混練之後，在常溫下密閉容器內24小時以上確保保形性。此外，上述摻合例(1)(2)係比使用有水硬性之黏合劑的情況更可減輕經硬化的部分之清除的功夫。
本發明之壓入材料係與以往之壓入材料相同
地在添加適量的水分進行混練後，壓入至窯爐的間隙(施工對象部分)。由於本發明之壓入材料係具有優異的密封性，因此在適用於作為施工對象部分為以往的壓入材料中所難以密封的部分，具體而言係於寬30mm以下之間隙或龜裂且使用時之溫度成為80℃以上的部分之情況中特別有效。
針對由表1所示之摻合組成所構成的各例之壓入材料，測定線性變化率、壓縮強度及體積膨脹率，並且評估密封性來進行綜合評估。
如表1所示般，使用有內含作為耐火原料之
燒粉原料及黏土、作為黏合劑之矽酸鹽、作為增黏劑之羧甲基纖維素、作為熱塑性塑膠球體之異戊烷者。
線性變化率及壓縮強度，係針對在將各例之摻
合組成以特定的添加水量進行混練後，澆鑄至40×40×160mm之鑄模，在受到拘束的狀態下進行110℃×24小時乾燥後脫模，經1000℃×3小時燒成所得到的試料片進行測定。
體積膨脹率，係將各例之摻合組成以特定的
添加水量進行混練後，澆鑄至20mm×20mm×80mm之鑄模，在每個鑄模皆以300℃之電爐加熱2小時後取出並進行冷卻，從鑄模脫模，測定試驗片的長度、高度以及寬度之外徑尺寸來算出容積，從所算出之加熱冷卻後的容積(mm3)切除20mm×20mm×80mm=32,000(mm3)之澆鑄尺寸來進行計算。
密封性之評估，係於加熱至1000℃的實驗燃
燒爐開設10mm之間隙，而製作出從該間隙強制性地噴出火焰的狀態，將各例之摻合組成以特定的添加水量進行混練後，以壓送機將試料填充於該間隙，而將無火焰洩漏的情況作為○，將確認到些許火焰洩漏的情況作為△，將確認到火焰洩漏的情況作為×。
綜合評估係以○、△、×之3階段進行評估(評估係依照○、△、×的順序顯示漸差)。具體而言，於本發明作為課題之密封性為×的情況中，綜合評估係為×。此外，於密封性為△的情況中，綜合評估亦為△。進而，
將線性變化率及壓縮強度之值進行相對評估，來評估出綜合評估之○、△。具體而言，實施例9係由於壓縮強度之值為低，因此綜合評估係為△。實施例10係由於線性變化率之值為大，因此綜合評估係為△。
實施例1~10，係滿足體積膨脹率為1.3倍以
上的要件，綜合評估係為○或△。尤其，上述之較佳的摻合例(1)之範圍內的實施例1~7係綜合評估為○，而可得到良好的結果。
另一方面，比較例1、2係體積膨脹率低於1.3倍，故密封性成為×。
針對由表2所示之摻合組成所構成的各例之壓入材料，評估分散性、黏著性及可塑性，並且與實施例1相同地對體積膨脹率及密封性進行測定、評估，而進行綜合評估。
如表2所示般，使用有內含作為無機質之纖
維之陶瓷纖維、作為耐火原料之燒粉原料、作為增黏劑之羧甲基纖維素、作為低黏性垂流防止劑之合成聚合物、作為熱塑性塑膠球體之異戊烷者。
分散性之評估係使用愛工舍製作所股份有限
公司製之KENMIX桌上型攪拌機，並將各例之摻合組成以特定的添加水量進行混練2分鐘，以觸感判斷陶瓷纖維之蓬鬆程度。將殘留有1cm左右的凝聚之陶瓷纖維的狀態作為×，將殘留有些許凝聚之陶瓷纖維的狀態作為△，將未殘留凝聚之陶瓷纖維的狀態作為○。
黏著性之評估係用手指抓取混練後的試料，
將手指上有殘留試料且黏膩觸感者作為×，將稍微黏膩者作為△，將無黏膩者作為○。
可塑性之評估，係將各例之摻合組成以特定
的添加水量進行混練後，澆鑄至20mm×20mm×80mm之鑄模，在每個鑄模皆以300℃之電爐加熱2小時後取出來進行冷卻，從鑄模脫模，將確認到在對試驗片施加0.1MPa之荷重時產生收縮，並於解放荷重後80%以上之形狀復原者作為○，將確認到50%以上、未達80%之形狀復原者作為△，將未達50%之形狀復原者作為×。
綜合評估係以○、△、×之3階段進行評估(評估係依照○、△、×的順序顯示漸差)。具體而言，於本發明作為課題之密封性為×的情況中，綜合評估係為×。除此之外者係視為分散性、黏著性、可塑性、密封性之任
一評估當中評估結果為最差者。
實施例11~21係滿足體積膨脹率為1.3倍以上的要件，故綜合評估為○或△。尤其，上述之較佳的摻合例(2)之範圍內的實施例11~16係綜合評估為○，而可得到良好的結果。
另一方面，比較例3~6係體積膨脹率低於1.3倍，故密封性成為×。
Claims (5)
- 一種壓入材料，其係適用於窯爐的壓入材料，且在80℃~500℃之氛圍溫度環境下進行加熱時，伴隨比加熱前大1.3倍以上之體積膨脹。
- 如請求項1之壓入材料，其係摻合有內含在80℃~500℃下會膨脹的物質之熱膨脹體，前述熱膨脹體係內含液化氣體的熱塑性塑膠體。
- 如請求項2之壓入材料，其中，於壓入材料之合量100質量%中，以使內含前述液化氣體的熱塑性塑膠體成為0.5質量%以上、3質量%以下的方式進行摻合，進一步以使矽酸鹽成為3質量%以上、10質量%以下的方式進行摻合。
- 如請求項2之壓入材料，其中，於壓入材料之合量100質量%中，以使內含前述液化氣體的熱塑性塑膠體成為2質量%以上、7質量%以下的方式進行摻合，進一步以使無機物質之纖維成為60質量%以上、增黏劑成為1質量%以上、10質量%以下的方式進行摻合。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之壓入材料，其係於窯爐中，被壓入至寬30mm以下之間隙或龜裂且使用時之溫度成為80℃以上的部分。
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| CN111187631B (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-08-10 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种焦炉机炉口结构的修复材料及其使用方法 |
| JP7421315B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-22 | 2024-01-24 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | 耐火性モルタル、コークス炉の築炉方法及び耐火性モルタルの選定方法 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5767783A (en) * | 1980-10-13 | 1982-04-24 | Nippon Asbestos Co Ltd | Filling application of furnace wall clearance for industrial furnace |
| JPH05194042A (ja) * | 1992-01-18 | 1993-08-03 | Kurosaki Refract Co Ltd | シール材 |
| JPH06256065A (ja) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-09-13 | Kawasaki Refract Co Ltd | 熱間補修用耐火材 |
| JPH09157045A (ja) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-17 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | 耐火断熱キャスタブル耐火物 |
| JPH10101442A (ja) * | 1996-10-02 | 1998-04-21 | Nippon Tokushu Rozai Kk | 圧入用耐火物 |
| JPH11236271A (ja) * | 1998-02-20 | 1999-08-31 | Harima Ceramic Co Ltd | 不定形耐火物 |
| JPH11268962A (ja) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-05 | Harima Ceramic Co Ltd | 断熱性キャスタブル耐火物 |
| JP4023577B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-15 | 2007-12-19 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | 高炉炉壁間隙充填用圧入材 |
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- 2015-03-24 EP EP15772753.8A patent/EP3127890B1/en active Active
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| EP3127890A4 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
| EP3127890B1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
| KR101971704B1 (ko) | 2019-04-23 |
| KR20160108506A (ko) | 2016-09-19 |
| JP2015196623A (ja) | 2015-11-09 |
| EP3127890A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| JP6450083B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
| WO2015151933A1 (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
| TWI609851B (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
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