TW201543191A - 高暫態系統的流量控制校準之方法 - Google Patents

高暫態系統的流量控制校準之方法 Download PDF

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TW201543191A
TW201543191A TW104113579A TW104113579A TW201543191A TW 201543191 A TW201543191 A TW 201543191A TW 104113579 A TW104113579 A TW 104113579A TW 104113579 A TW104113579 A TW 104113579A TW 201543191 A TW201543191 A TW 201543191A
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flow rate
pressure
operating
threshold
flow
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TW104113579A
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Peter N Dufault
Todd A Anderson
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Graco Minnesota Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • B05B12/1418Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet
    • B05B12/1427Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet a condition of a first liquid or other fluent material in a first supply line controlling a condition of a second one in a second supply line
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/004Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area comprising sensors for monitoring the delivery, e.g. by displaying the sensed value or generating an alarm
    • B05B12/006Pressure or flow rate sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/085Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to flow or pressure of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/085Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to flow or pressure of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged
    • B05B12/087Flow or presssure regulators, i.e. non-electric unitary devices comprising a sensing element, e.g. a piston or a membrane, and a controlling element, e.g. a valve
    • B05B12/088Flow or presssure regulators, i.e. non-electric unitary devices comprising a sensing element, e.g. a piston or a membrane, and a controlling element, e.g. a valve the sensing element being a flexible member, e.g. membrane, diaphragm, bellows
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • B05B12/1418Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/03Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
    • B05B9/04Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/03Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
    • B05B9/04Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
    • B05B9/0403Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material
    • B05B9/0406Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material with several pumps
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/02Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
    • G05D11/13Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D11/131Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components
    • G05D11/132Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components by controlling the flow of the individual components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00Control of flow
    • G05D7/06Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D7/0617Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
    • G05D7/0623Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the set value given to the control element
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2499Mixture condition maintaining or sensing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7761Electrically actuated valve

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

本發明揭示一種控制一流率之方法,其包含:選擇由一操作流率及一操作壓力界定之一操作條件;比較該操作流率與一臨限流率;及若該操作流率大於或等於該臨限流率,則執行一自適應校準常式。該自適應校準常式包含:量測該操作壓力;量測穿過一第一量錶之一第一流率;及基於該操作壓力及該第一流率來修改一壓力-流量表。

Description

高暫態系統的流量控制校準之方法
本發明大致係關於控制一或多個系統參數,且更特定言之係關於用於暫態系統之流量校準之方法。
控制各種系統參數(例如,壓力、流率、溫度及類似者)的工業系統通常遭遇各種系統干擾。為了將系統維持在建立的參數內,系統的控制方案經設計以回應於環境變化及系統內所含之流體或材料的可變性質。此等控制系統通常透過監控系統效能的關鍵參數而偵測及抵消系統中的漸進變化。
一些工業系統利用噴灑器來依一特定壓力及流率施配材料(例如,塗料、黏著劑、環氧樹脂及類似者)。在依單個壓力及流率連續操作或操作達相對較長時間週期的系統中,壓力及流率達到穩態。因此,可藉由一習知控制方案仔細監控及抵消材料及/或系統效能的細微變化。
但是,當此等系統依多個壓力及流率組合(其中一些條件操作達相對較短持續時間)操作時,壓力及流率未達到穩態。系統內在暫態週期期間壓力及流率變化及/或波動對於控制系統而言是成問題的,此係因為條件在噴灑器出口處與結合系統的量測位置處不同。未考慮此等暫態條件可導致材料過度施配或施配不足。
在一些傳統控制方案中,藉由在執行各操作前細分系統操作條 件及執行校準常式而控制暫態週期。但是,校準常式增大製造成本且中斷工作流程,此係因為生產在校準常式期間暫停。在其他傳統控制方案中,藉由施配過量材料直至系統達到穩態而控制暫態週期。一旦系統處於穩態,傳統控制方案即能夠考量細微干擾。但是,施配過量材料增大材料成本。
因此,存在對控制一工業系統的壓力及流速的需要,其可在成本效益上適於多種操作條件、環境變化及暫態條件。
一種控制一流率之方法包含:選擇由一操作流率及一操作壓力界定之一操作條件;比較該操作流率與一臨限流率;及若該操作流率大於或等於該臨限流率,則執行一自適應校準常式。該自適應校準常式包含:量測該操作壓力;量測穿過一第一量錶之一第一流率;及基於該操作壓力及該第一流率修改一壓力-流量表。
10‧‧‧工業系統
12‧‧‧混合材料
14‧‧‧噴槍/噴霧器
16‧‧‧材料供應系統
18‧‧‧材料供應系統
20‧‧‧材料組份
22‧‧‧材料組份
24‧‧‧量錶
26‧‧‧供應管線
28‧‧‧量錶
30‧‧‧供應管線
32‧‧‧混合材料管線
38‧‧‧接合點
40‧‧‧壓力調節器
42‧‧‧控制閥
44‧‧‧控制壓力管線
46‧‧‧控制流體
47‧‧‧控制流體源
48‧‧‧隔膜
50‧‧‧控制器
52‧‧‧壓力傳感器
54‧‧‧信號線
56‧‧‧信號線
57‧‧‧信號線
58‧‧‧信號線
60‧‧‧流率感測器
62‧‧‧流率感測器
64‧‧‧控制線
66‧‧‧控制線
68‧‧‧控制線
70‧‧‧方法
72‧‧‧步驟
74‧‧‧步驟
76‧‧‧步驟
78‧‧‧步驟
80‧‧‧步驟
82‧‧‧步驟
84‧‧‧步驟
86‧‧‧步驟
88‧‧‧步驟
90‧‧‧方法
92‧‧‧方法
94‧‧‧步驟
96‧‧‧步驟
98a‧‧‧步驟
98b‧‧‧步驟
100‧‧‧步驟
102‧‧‧步驟
104‧‧‧步驟
106‧‧‧步驟
C1‧‧‧控制信號
C2‧‧‧控制信號
C3‧‧‧控制信號
P1‧‧‧供應壓力
P2‧‧‧供應壓力
Pmix‧‧‧混合壓力
Pp‧‧‧先導壓力
Ps‧‧‧系統壓力/供應壓力
R‧‧‧流率
R1‧‧‧流率
R2‧‧‧流率
S1‧‧‧信號
S2‧‧‧信號
S3‧‧‧信號
圖1係展示一工業噴灑器系統之一示意圖。
圖2係展示用於控制圖1中之工業噴灑器之一流率之一方法之一流程圖。
圖3係展示用於控制圖1中之工業系統之一流率及壓力之方法之一流程圖。
圖1係用於從噴霧器14施配混合材料12之工業系統10(諸如一被動式配料器系統)之一示意圖。工業系統10包含材料供應系統16及18,其等分別含有材料組份20及22;及下文描述之組件。材料供應系統16係以供應管線26流體連接至量錶24,且材料供應系統18係以供應管線30流體連接至量錶28。材料供應系統16作用於材料組份20,以將其壓力從初始壓力P0增大至供應壓力P1。類似地,材料供應系統18作 用於材料組份22,以將其壓力從初始壓力P0增大至供應壓力P2。材料供應系統16及18可分別為含有材料組份20及22之加壓槽。替代地,材料供應系統16及18可包含供料泵或分別作用於材料組份20及22之其他循環組件。因而,初始壓力P0的範圍可係從環境壓力(0kPa錶壓)至適於供應材料組份20及22之壓力,通常係大約2068kPa錶壓(300psig)。 此外,材料供應系統16之P0未必等於材料供應系統18之P0。量錶24及28分別係沿著供應管線26及30安置。供應管線26及30在供應管線26及30結合之接合點34處分別將材料供應系統16及18流體連接至混合材料管線32。混合材料管線32在接合點38處將供應管線26及30流體連接至噴槍14。量錶24及28係並行配置且協作以將材料組份20及22供應至混合材料管線32,其中組份20及22組合以形成具有混合壓力Pmix的混合材料12。量錶24及28以流率R將混合材料12供應至噴灑器14,其中該混合材料12被選擇性地施配。壓力調節器40係沿著混合材料管線32安置,以在從噴槍14施配混合材料12之前將混合壓力Pmix減小至系統壓力Ps。藉由使用控制閥42來變更先導壓力Pp而實現供應壓力Ps之調整。控制閥42係沿著控制壓力管線44安置,該控制壓力管線44含有控制流體46且從控制流體源47延伸至壓力調節器40。當系統10處於封閉狀態中時,控制流體46作用於壓力調節器40之隔膜48以修改供應壓力Ps。歸因於隔膜48施加力於混合材料12上,先導壓力Pp之增大使系統壓力Ps增大。歸因於隔膜48施加在混合材料12上之力的減小,先導壓力Pp的減小使系統壓力Ps減小。當隔膜48減小施加至混合材料12上之力時,其作用於控制流體46。藉由允許控制流體46的一部分返回至控制流體源47來維持控制流體46的先導壓力Pp。在一些實施例中,壓力調節器40係空氣操作、低流量壓力調節器,其具有等於1:1的先導壓力對供應壓力比。
由控制器50管理供應壓力Ps及流率R。經安置於壓力調節器40下 游的壓力傳感器52產生信號S1,該信號S1係壓力傳感器52之一電壓或電流。信號線54將壓力傳感器52電連接至控制閥42,且信號線56將控制閥42電連接至控制器50,各信號線將信號S1傳輸至控制器50。信號線57及58分別將流率感測器60及62電連接至控制器50。流率感測器60偵測流動穿過量錶24之流率R1,且流率感測器62偵測流動穿過量錶28之流率R2。流率R1及R2分別以信號S2及S3的形式傳輸至控制器50,信號S2及S3與信號S1一樣係分別來自感測器60及62之電壓或電流。基於信號S1、S2及S3之值,控制器50執行一控制方案以分別修改流動穿過量錶24及28之流率R1及R2,且藉由命令控制閥42改變先導壓力Pp來修改供應壓力Ps。以流率R1流動之材料組份20在混合材料管線32內與以流率R2流動之材料組份22組合,以產生以流率R流動之混合材料12。控制器50藉由以控制線64將控制信號C1發送至控制閥42來修改先導壓力Pp及藉由分別用控制線66及68將控制信號C2及C3發送至量錶24及28來修改流率R2及R3。
當致動噴槍14以封閉系統10時,暫態條件存在於系統10內,該致動通常用噴槍14之一空氣致動螺線管閥(圖1中未展示)或一觸發器(圖1中未展示)實現。由於在量錶24及28處而非在噴槍14處量測流率,故供應壓力Ps及流率R之變化落後於先導壓力Pp及流率R1及R2之變化。若控制器50導致壓力調節器40在系統10封閉時維持恆定系統壓力Ps,則噴槍14處之壓力歸因於系統10內缺少基於流量之壓力降而增大。隨後,當系統10被打開時(即,藉由打開噴槍14內之螺線管閥或觸發器),由先前壓力增大驅動之噴流導致混合材料12之不均勻施加。若控制器50在系統10封閉的同時導致壓力調節器40增大系統壓力Ps,則來自一噴流的影響被放大。當控制器50在系統10封閉的同時導致系統壓力Ps減小時,滯後效應增大目標壓力與系統壓力Ps之間的誤差。所得系統壓力Ps將不會依所要流率R從噴槍14施配混合材料12。
此外,材料性質及/或環境變化在操作期間影響供應壓力Ps及流率R。例如,分別定期補充材料組份20及22。由於新添材料組份20及22可具有彼此不同及與先前施配材料不同的溫度,故諸如黏度之性質可影響如供應至噴灑器14之流率R。此外,混合材料12可部分在混合材料管線32內固化且隨時間淤塞混合材料管線32。因而,定期用溶劑清潔混合材料管線32。環境變化,諸如環境溫度及濕度變化亦影響材料組份20及22之性質。但是,系統10經設計以在一系列供應壓力Ps及一系列流率R內操作,各操作條件具有持續時間。
一些噴灑應用涉及數個離散操作條件。例如,可依循序順序使用三個操作條件:1)依68.9kPA(大約10psi)施配100cc/min達10秒,2)依137.9kPa(大約20psi)施配200cc/min達15秒,及3)依34.5kPa(大約5psi)施配50cc/min達2秒。在不藉助於下文描述之方法70的情況下,藉由執行重複的校準程序及/或藉由在操作點之間排放混合材料12直至穩態條件存在於系統10內而抵消系統10之暫態條件。兩種方法導致額外製造成本及/或浪費的混合材料12。但是,如下文描述之方法70藉由與不同系統壓力Ps下之近似流率R之單調數學關係特徵化流率R。此允許收集較小數目之侵入性較小的資料點來特徵化整個校準。此外,若依一流率之操作達到穩態(即,操作比一臨限持續時間長),則穩態壓力及流率資料可用於修改校準而無需單獨的校準循環。圖2係展示用於校準系統10及藉由暫態條件特徵化之類似工業系統之方法70之一流程圖。方法70包含步驟72、74、76、78、80、82、84、86及88,其等允許在系統10針對單個應用依多個條件操作的過程中修改一壓力-流量表。壓力-流量表針對混合材料12使系統壓力Ps(相依變數)與流率R(獨立變數)相關。
步驟72包含選擇一壓力設定點及一流率設定點,並將其發送至控制器50。如先前描述之實例中說明,例如,特定壓力及流率設定點 係基於混合材料12之要求。
在建立一流率設定點後,步驟74判定流率誤差。系統10內之當前流率R等於分別流動穿過量錶24及28之流率R1及R2。在系統10之其他實施例中,依據用於形成混合材料12之組份數目,可使用單個量錶(例如,量錶24)或可使用額外量錶(未展示)。在各情況中,從噴槍14施配的流率R等於流動穿過包含於系統10中之一或多個量錶之各組份的總和。為了判定流率信號誤差,控制器50比較流率設定點與系統10之總流率R。流率信號誤差係流率設定點與流率R之間的差異。使用流率信號誤差,控制器50在步驟76中更新一壓力-流量表,且判定新的壓力設定點。壓力-流量表係儲存在控制器50內。
步驟78涉及判定經更新壓力-流量資料是否可得(即,來自先前執行的步驟80、86)。
在步驟80中,控制器50判定是否執行一自適應校準常式。通常,若所計劃的應用包含低流量、短持續時間的操作條件(例如,上述實例中之操作條件3),則將執行自適應校準常式。特定流率及持續時間將係系統特定的。通常,一低流量、短持續時間的操作條件在系統10或其他類似系統之暫態條件阻止適於控制系統之資料的獲取時發生。若未執行一自適應校準常式,則在步驟82中將壓力及流率設定點保存至壓力-流量表。在步驟82之後,控制器50執行步驟74及如下文描述之後續步驟。若執行自適應校準常式,則執行步驟84及86或步驟84及88。
步驟84涉及判定臨限條件是否存在以在步驟86中修改壓力-流量表。在一些實施例中,步驟84涉及比較流率設定點與一臨限流率。若目標流率大於或等於臨限流率,則在步驟86中將當前流率R及系統壓力Ps保存至壓力-流量表。若目標流率小於臨限流率,則在步驟88中不用當前流率R及系統壓力Ps來修改壓力-流量表。而是,先前已藉由 一先前步驟86修改之壓力-流量表係用於評估壓力-流量條件。此係藉由使用高於臨限流率之壓力-流量資料以外插低於臨限流率之壓力-流量資料來實現。通常,外插常式使用一線性關係。但是,可使用其他數學關係。在步驟86及88之後,控制器執行如上所述之步驟74及後續步驟。
使用流率臨限提供簡化方法70,此係因為已在錶量24及28處量測流率R1及R2。此外,系統壓力Ps與一工業系統(諸如系統10)內之流率R成比例,較高的系統壓力通常產生較高的流率R。隨著系統壓力Ps及流率R增大,達到穩態操作所需之持續時間縮短。此後果導致選擇一流率臨限以區分長持續時間操作與短持續時間操作,此係因為低壓、短持續時間操作在系統10內產生最長暫態週期。圖3係展示控制系統10之系統壓力Ps及流率R之方法90之一流程圖。方法90併入有除步驟72以外之方法70的每個步驟,該步驟72與方法92的步驟94相同。方法92係控制當系統10處於一封閉狀態時之系統壓力Ps之一方法。
步驟94包含選擇一壓力設定點及一流率設定點,並將其發送至控制器50。如先前描述之實例中說明,例如,基於混合材料12之要求來判定特定壓力及流率設定點。
在步驟96中,控制器50判定系統10之狀態(例如,封閉或打開)。控制器可藉由接收傳達噴槍14之的觸發器或螺線管閥之位置之信號而作出此判定。若系統10封閉,則執行步驟98a。步驟98a在噴槍14處建立一目標壓力,該目標壓力等於壓力設定點加上一壓力偏差。選擇壓力補償以補償相對於先前選擇的設定點增大或減小壓力設定點的影響,如先前在上文描述。視需要,壓力補償亦可抵消當噴槍14打開時系統10內之初始壓降。若系統10打開,則執行步驟98b。由於噴槍14在系統10打開時施配混合材料12,故補償目標壓力係不必要的。因此,步驟98b建立等於壓力設定點之一目標壓力。
在建立一目標壓力之後,步驟100涉及計算壓力信號誤差。藉由在控制器50處接收來自壓力傳感器52之信號S1及比較信號S1與目標壓力而判定壓力信號誤差。信號S1與目標壓力之間之差異係壓力信號誤差,其隨時間儲存在控制器50中。
在步驟102中,壓力信號誤差用於更新PID迴路。比例積分導數迴路或PID迴路在此項技術中係已知的。更新PID迴路涉及將當前信號誤差加至先前收集的壓力信號誤差值之一資料集。接下來,累積的壓力信號誤差值,連同在初始調諧控制器的同時被輸入至控制器中之參數,用於形成新的壓力輸出信號C1。輸出信號C1在步驟104中被傳輸至控制閥42。
在步驟104中,輸出信號C1導致控制閥42增大或減小先導壓力Pp,藉此使用壓力調節器40改變系統壓力Ps。例如,若壓力信號誤差指示壓力目標小於當前系統壓力Ps,則控制器50將傳輸信號C1,該信號C1命令控制閥42增大先導壓力Pp。相反地,若誤差指示目標壓力大於當前系統壓力Ps,則控制器50將傳輸信號C2,該信號C2命令控制閥42減小先導壓力Pp。
步驟104之後係步驟106,其中控制器50第二次判定系統10之狀態。控制器50判定系統10之狀態之方式實質上類似於步驟96。若系統10封閉,則重複步驟98a、100、102及104。若系統10打開,則控制器50執行如上描述之方法70,除取代重複如上描述之方法70之步驟以外,執行方法92之步驟直至在步驟106中系統10之狀態係打開的。
儘管已參考較佳實施例描述本發明,然熟習此項技術者將認知,在不脫離本發明之精神及範疇之情況下可在形式及細節上作出改變。
70‧‧‧方法
72‧‧‧步驟
74‧‧‧步驟
76‧‧‧步驟
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Claims (12)

  1. 一種控制一流率之方法,其包含:選擇由一操作流率及一操作壓力界定之一操作條件;比較該操作流率與一臨限流率;若該操作流率大於或等於該臨限流率,則執行一自適應校準常式,其中該自適應校準常式包含:量測該操作壓力;量測穿過一第一量錶之一第一流率;儲存該操作壓力及該第一流率;及基於該操作壓力及該第一流率來修改一壓力-流量表;及導致該第一量錶依該第一流率操作。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,且其進一步包含:若該操作流率小於該臨限流率,則執行一外插常式,其中該外插常式包含:量測該操作壓力;使用該壓力-流量表以基於該操作壓力來計算該第一流率;及導致該第一量錶依該第一流率操作。
  3. 如請求項2之方法,其中該自適應校準常式進一步包含:量測穿過一第二量錶之一第二流率,其中該第一流率加上該第二流率等於一總流率;儲存該第二流率;及基於該操作壓力、該第一流率及該第二流率來修改該壓力-流量表。
  4. 如請求項3之方法,其中該外插常式進一步包含:使用該壓力-流量表以基於該操作壓力來計算該第二流率;及 導致該第二量錶依該第二流率操作。
  5. 如請求項1之方法,其中比較該操作流率與該臨限流率包含:選擇對應於一臨限持續時間之該臨限流率;及比較該操作流率與該臨限流率。
  6. 如請求項5之方法,其中該臨限流率係介於對應於複數個操作條件之一最大壓力與一最小流率之間。
  7. 如請求項6之方法,其中該臨限流率係該最大流率及該最小流率之一平均值。
  8. 如請求項5之方法,其中該臨限持續時間係四秒。
  9. 如請求項2之方法,其中該壓力-流量表經線性外插以判定該第一流率。
  10. 如請求項1之方法,其中在一壓力調節器之下游量測該操作壓力。
  11. 如請求項1之方法,其中該操作壓力及該第一流率係儲存於一控制器中,且其中該控制器使用該所儲存操作壓力及該第一流率來修改該壓力-流量表。
  12. 如請求項1之方法,其中該自適應校準常式進一步包含:導致該第一量錶依該第一流率操作。
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CN106132561A (zh) 2016-11-16
US10245608B2 (en) 2019-04-02
KR102379338B1 (ko) 2022-03-29
US20170043366A1 (en) 2017-02-16
ES2720608T3 (es) 2019-07-23
EP3137229A1 (en) 2017-03-08
JP2017516203A (ja) 2017-06-15
WO2015168074A1 (en) 2015-11-05
EP3137229A4 (en) 2017-12-27
CN106132561B (zh) 2019-03-26
JP6636945B2 (ja) 2020-01-29
EP3137229B1 (en) 2019-03-27
KR20170003942A (ko) 2017-01-10

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