TW201535588A - Pixelated capacitance controlled ESC - Google Patents

Pixelated capacitance controlled ESC Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201535588A
TW201535588A TW104105345A TW104105345A TW201535588A TW 201535588 A TW201535588 A TW 201535588A TW 104105345 A TW104105345 A TW 104105345A TW 104105345 A TW104105345 A TW 104105345A TW 201535588 A TW201535588 A TW 201535588A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
electrostatic chuck
pixelated electrostatic
pixelated
substrate
pixel electrodes
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Application number
TW104105345A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI596697B (en
Inventor
Reza Sadjadi
Boyd, Jr
Vijay D Parkhe
Maxim Mikhailovich Noginov
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Applied Materials Inc
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Publication of TW201535588A publication Critical patent/TW201535588A/en
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Publication of TWI596697B publication Critical patent/TWI596697B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
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    • H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
    • H01J37/32715—Workpiece holder
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    • H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
    • H01L21/6831—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using electrostatic chucks
    • H01L21/6833—Details of electrostatic chucks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/15—Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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    • H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
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    • H01L21/28556—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table by chemical means, e.g. CVD, LPCVD, PECVD, laser CVD
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    • H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
    • H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
    • H01L27/1255—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs integrated with passive devices, e.g. auxiliary capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N13/00—Clutches or holding devices using electrostatic attraction, e.g. using Johnson-Rahbek effect
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    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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Abstract

Implementations described herein provide a pixelated electrostatic chuck which enables both lateral and azimuthal tuning of the RF coupling between an electrostatic chuck and a substrate placed thereon. In one embodiment, the pixelated electrostatic chuck (ESC) may include a dielectric body having a workpiece support surface configured to accept a substrate thereon, one or more chucking electrodes disposed in the pixelated ESC, and a plurality of pixel electrodes. The plurality of pixel electrodes are switchable between a floating state and a grounded state, having variable capacitance to ground, or both. The pixel electrodes and the chucking electrodes form a circuit operable to electrostatically chuck the substrate to the workpiece support surface.

Description

像素化電容控制的靜電夾盤 Pixelated capacitor controlled electrostatic chuck

本文所述之實施方式大體而言係關於半導體製造，且更特定而言係關於靜電夾盤及使用該靜電夾盤之方法。 The embodiments described herein relate generally to semiconductor fabrication, and more particularly to electrostatic chucks and methods of using the same.

隨著裝置圖案之特徵尺寸變得更小，該等特徵之臨界尺寸(critical dimension；CD)需求成為對於穩定及可重現裝置效能之更重要的準則。在處理腔室內處理之基板整體的可容許臨界尺寸變化由於腔室非對稱性而難以達成，該等腔室非對稱性如腔室及基板溫度、流動導率，及射頻場。 As feature sizes of device patterns become smaller, the critical dimension (CD) requirements of such features become a more important criterion for stable and reproducible device performance. The allowable critical dimension variation of the substrate as a whole processed within the processing chamber is difficult to achieve due to chamber asymmetry such as chamber and substrate temperature, flow conductivity, and RF field.

在利用靜電夾盤之製程中，整個基板表面之蝕刻均勻性由於在基板下方之夾盤之非均質構造而具有挑戰性。例如，靜電夾盤中之一些區域具有氣孔，而其他區域則具有側向偏離於氣孔之升舉銷孔。又一些其他區域具有夾緊電極，而其他區域則具有側向偏離於該等夾緊電極之加熱器電極。夾盤之非均質構造導致射頻(radio frequency；RF)場之不均勻性，此不均勻性直接影響整個基板表面之蝕刻。 In processes utilizing electrostatic chucks, the uniformity of etching of the entire substrate surface is challenging due to the heterogeneous configuration of the chuck below the substrate. For example, some areas of the electrostatic chuck have air holes, while other areas have lift pin holes that are laterally offset from the air holes. Still other regions have clamping electrodes, while other regions have heater electrodes that are laterally offset from the clamping electrodes. The heterogeneous structure of the chuck results in non-uniformity of the radio frequency (RF) field, which directly affects the etching of the entire substrate surface.

靜電夾盤之結構可能在側向及方位角向皆為不同，夾盤與基板之間的射頻場均勻性十分複雜及難以獲得，從而 導致整個夾盤表面的射頻場中之局部變化性。基於電漿之製程可能對靜電夾盤之較小局部射頻耦合變化靈敏度極高。由此，局部射頻耦合變化導致沿基板表面之處理結果之不均勻性。 The structure of the electrostatic chuck may be different in the lateral direction and the azimuth direction, and the uniformity of the RF field between the chuck and the substrate is very complicated and difficult to obtain, thereby Local variability in the RF field that results in the entire chuck surface. Plasma-based processes may be extremely sensitive to small local RF coupling changes in electrostatic chucks. Thus, local RF coupling variations result in non-uniformities in processing along the surface of the substrate.

因此，需要改良之靜電夾盤。 Therefore, there is a need for an improved electrostatic chuck.

本文所述之實施方式提供一種像素化靜電夾盤，該像素化靜電夾盤賦能對靜電夾盤與置於該靜電夾盤上之基板之間的射頻耦合進行側向及方位角向調諧。在一個實施例中，像素化靜電夾盤(pixelated electrostatic chuck；ESC)可包括：介電體，具有經配置以在其上接受基板之工件支撐表面；一或更多個夾緊電極，安置於像素化靜電夾盤中；及複數個像素電極。複數個像素電極可在浮動狀態與接地狀態之間切換，該等像素電極具有接地可變電容，或兩者兼有。像素電極及夾緊電極形成電路，該電路可操作以將基板以靜電方式夾緊至工件支撐表面。 Embodiments described herein provide a pixelated electrostatic chuck that enables lateral and azimuthal angular tuning of the RF coupling between the electrostatic chuck and the substrate placed on the electrostatic chuck. In one embodiment, a pixelated electrostatic chuck (ESC) can include: a dielectric body having a workpiece support surface configured to receive a substrate thereon; one or more clamping electrodes disposed on Pixelated electrostatic chuck; and a plurality of pixel electrodes. A plurality of pixel electrodes can be switched between a floating state and a grounded state, the pixel electrodes having a grounded variable capacitance, or both. The pixel electrode and the clamping electrode form a circuit operable to electrostatically clamp the substrate to the workpiece support surface.

在另一實施例中，提供處理腔室。處理腔室包括腔室主體，該腔室主體中安置有像素化靜電夾盤(pixelated electrostatic chuck；ESC)。像素化靜電夾盤可如上所述來配置。 In another embodiment, a processing chamber is provided. The processing chamber includes a chamber body having a pixelated electrostatic chuck (ESC) disposed therein. The pixelated electrostatic chuck can be configured as described above.

在又一實施例中，提供用於處理基板之方法，該方法包括：向形成於像素化靜電夾盤中之主要夾緊電極施加功率；將側向分佈在像素化靜電夾盤內之複數個像素電極中之一或更多者選擇性地耦合接地，以將基板緊固至像素化靜電 夾盤；及在像素化靜電夾盤上處理基板。 In yet another embodiment, a method for processing a substrate is provided, the method comprising: applying power to a primary clamping electrode formed in a pixelated electrostatic chuck; distributing a plurality of laterally within a pixelated electrostatic chuck One or more of the pixel electrodes are selectively coupled to ground to secure the substrate to the pixelated static a chuck; and processing the substrate on a pixelated electrostatic chuck.

100‧‧‧處理腔室 100‧‧‧Processing chamber

102‧‧‧腔室主體 102‧‧‧ chamber body

104‧‧‧側壁 104‧‧‧ side wall

106‧‧‧底部 106‧‧‧ bottom

108‧‧‧蓋 108‧‧‧ Cover

110‧‧‧泵送口 110‧‧‧ pumping port

112‧‧‧氣體分配盤 112‧‧‧ gas distribution plate

114‧‧‧入口端 114‧‧‧ entrance end

116‧‧‧射頻功率來源 116‧‧‧RF power source

118‧‧‧匹配電路 118‧‧‧Matching circuit

120‧‧‧電漿施用器 120‧‧‧Plastic applicator

122‧‧‧電漿 122‧‧‧ Plasma

124‧‧‧內部體積 124‧‧‧ internal volume

125‧‧‧支撐台座 125‧‧‧Support pedestal

126‧‧‧基板支撐組件 126‧‧‧Substrate support assembly

128‧‧‧台座基座 128‧‧‧ pedestal base

130‧‧‧冷卻基座 130‧‧‧Cooling base

131‧‧‧安裝表面 131‧‧‧Installation surface

132‧‧‧像素化靜電夾盤 132‧‧‧Pixelated electrostatic chuck

133‧‧‧工件表面 133‧‧‧Workpiece surface

134‧‧‧基板 134‧‧‧Substrate

136‧‧‧夾緊電極 136‧‧‧Clamping electrode

136A‧‧‧夾緊電極 136A‧‧‧Clamping electrode

136B‧‧‧夾緊電極 136B‧‧‧Clamping electrode

138‧‧‧夾緊電源 138‧‧‧Clamping power supply

140‧‧‧像素電極 140‧‧‧pixel electrode

140F‧‧‧像素電極 140F‧‧‧pixel electrode

140G‧‧‧像素電極 140G‧‧‧pixel electrode

141F‧‧‧電導線 141F‧‧‧Electrical wire

141G‧‧‧電導線 141G‧‧‧Electrical wire

142‧‧‧地面 142‧‧‧ Ground

144‧‧‧熱傳遞流體源 144‧‧‧heat transfer fluid source

146‧‧‧電導線 146‧‧‧Electrical wires

148‧‧‧控制器 148‧‧‧ Controller

150‧‧‧介電體 150‧‧‧ dielectric

152‧‧‧主體 152‧‧‧ Subject

154‧‧‧主要電阻加熱器 154‧‧‧Main resistance heater

156‧‧‧主要加熱器電源 156‧‧‧Main heater power supply

160‧‧‧導管 160‧‧‧ catheter

170‧‧‧加熱器組件 170‧‧‧heater assembly

172‧‧‧中央處理單元 172‧‧‧Central Processing Unit

174‧‧‧記憶體 174‧‧‧ memory

176‧‧‧輸入/輸出電路系統 176‧‧‧Input/Output Circuit System

180‧‧‧設施板件 180‧‧‧Facilities

182‧‧‧射頻濾波器 182‧‧‧RF filter

184‧‧‧射頻濾波器 184‧‧‧RF filter

210‧‧‧像素控制器 210‧‧‧pixel controller

226‧‧‧介電質 226‧‧‧ dielectric

228‧‧‧圓盤 228‧‧‧ disc

244‧‧‧黏結劑 244‧‧‧Binder

264‧‧‧絕緣區域 264‧‧‧Insulated area

410‧‧‧電容器組 410‧‧‧ capacitor bank

412‧‧‧控制器 412‧‧‧ Controller

440‧‧‧電容器 440‧‧‧ capacitor

440F‧‧‧電容器 440F‧‧‧ capacitor

500‧‧‧可變電容器 500‧‧‧Variable Capacitors

505‧‧‧可變電容器 505‧‧‧Variable Capacitors

506‧‧‧去耦電阻器 506‧‧‧Decoupling resistor

508‧‧‧薄膜電晶體 508‧‧‧film transistor

510‧‧‧分支 510‧‧‧ branch

520‧‧‧分支 520‧‧‧ branch

530‧‧‧分支 530‧‧‧ branch

540‧‧‧分支 540‧‧‧ branch

550‧‧‧分支 550‧‧‧ branch

560‧‧‧分支 560‧‧‧ branch

570‧‧‧固定電容器 570‧‧‧Fixed capacitors

576‧‧‧固定電容器 576‧‧‧Fixed capacitors

600‧‧‧方法 600‧‧‧ method

602‧‧‧方塊 602‧‧‧ square

604‧‧‧方塊 604‧‧‧ square

606‧‧‧方塊 606‧‧‧ square

608‧‧‧方塊 608‧‧‧ square

為詳細理解本發明之上述特徵，可藉由參考實施方式對上文中簡短概述之本發明進行更為特定之描述，該等實施方式中之一些在附圖中圖示。然而，將注意，附圖僅圖示本發明之典型實施方式，因此附圖將不被視作限制本發明之範疇，因為本發明可承認其他同樣有效之實施方式。 The present invention, which is briefly described above, will be described more particularly by reference to the embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood, however, that the appended claims are in the

第1圖是處理腔室之示意性橫剖面側視圖，該處理腔室中具有像素化靜電夾盤之一個實施例；第2圖是局部示意性橫剖面側視圖，該圖詳細圖示像素化靜電夾盤及基板支撐組件之部分；第3圖是局部平面頂視圖，該圖圖示在像素化靜電夾盤中之可調電容器及電極之佈局；第4圖是沿第3圖之剖面線A-A截取之橫剖面視圖，該圖圖示電容器在像素化靜電夾盤中之簡化佈線示意圖；第5圖是局部佈線示意圖，該圖圖示射頻可變電容器；及第6圖是利用像素化靜電夾盤處理基板之一個實施例之流程圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a processing chamber having an embodiment of a pixelated electrostatic chuck in the processing chamber; and Figure 2 is a partial schematic cross-sectional side view detailing pixelated Part of the electrostatic chuck and substrate support assembly; Fig. 3 is a partial plan top view showing the layout of the tunable capacitor and electrode in the pixelated electrostatic chuck; Fig. 4 is a section along the line 3 AA cross-sectional view of a cross-sectional view showing a simplified wiring diagram of a capacitor in a pixelated electrostatic chuck; FIG. 5 is a partial wiring diagram illustrating a radio frequency variable capacitor; and FIG. 6 is a pixelated static electricity A flowchart of one embodiment of a chuck processing substrate.

為便於理解，已在可能之情況下使用相同元件符號以指定諸圖中共有之相同元件。可以預期，在一個實施方式中揭示之元件可以有利方式用於其他實施方式而無需特定詳述。 For ease of understanding, the same component symbols have been used where possible to designate the same components in the drawings. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be used in an advantageous manner for other embodiments without specific details.

隨著半導體工業正在將電子特徵尺寸縮小至亞奈米位準，蝕刻速率及臨界尺寸均勻性需求同樣縮至接近原子尺寸之埃(Å)位準。在此情況下，基板溫度必須極為均勻(例如小於20奈米之節點的溫度均勻性小於約0.5℃)或可進行極高解析度調諧以定製整個基板之製程均勻性。然而，對於小於10奈米之半導體技術節點而言，即使低至0.25℃或更低之溫度均勻性亦不足以維持製程均勻性。實現製程均勻性之一個因數為在靜電夾盤之圓盤內的夾緊電極之介電深度。介電深度是圓盤頂部與包括夾緊電極之高電壓柵格之間的距離。圓盤之基板支撐表面構形與介電深度皆顯著影響基板與靜電夾盤之射頻耦合。射頻(radio frequency；RF)與基板之更強耦合可增加蝕刻速率，且反之亦然。由此，控制工件之局部電容以在整個靜電夾盤側向接地是重要的製程控制參數，在本文中揭示之本發明之該參數已經證實為有效的製程控制屬性，該製程控制屬性用於為使用靜電夾盤執行之製程定製側向及/或方位角向蝕刻速率均勻性及/或臨界尺寸控制。 As the semiconductor industry is shrinking electronic feature sizes to sub-nanometer levels, the etch rate and critical dimension uniformity requirements are also reduced to near the atomic size (Å) level. In this case, the substrate temperature must be extremely uniform (e.g., the temperature uniformity of the nodes less than 20 nm is less than about 0.5 ° C) or very high resolution tuning can be performed to customize the process uniformity of the entire substrate. However, for semiconductor technology nodes of less than 10 nanometers, even temperature uniformity as low as 0.25 ° C or lower is not sufficient to maintain process uniformity. One factor in achieving process uniformity is the dielectric depth of the clamping electrode within the disk of the electrostatic chuck. The dielectric depth is the distance between the top of the disk and the high voltage grid that includes the clamping electrodes. The substrate support surface configuration and dielectric depth of the disc significantly affect the RF coupling between the substrate and the electrostatic chuck. A stronger coupling of the radio frequency (RF) to the substrate increases the etch rate and vice versa. Thus, controlling the local capacitance of the workpiece to laterally ground the entire electrostatic chuck is an important process control parameter. This parameter of the invention disclosed herein has proven to be an effective process control attribute for Customized lateral and/or azimuthal etch rate uniformity and/or critical dimension control using processes performed using electrostatic chucks.

本文所述之實施方式提供像素化靜電夾盤(pixelated electrostatic chuck；ESC)，該像素化靜電夾盤賦能對像素化靜電夾盤與諸如基板之工件的射頻耦合進行局部、側向及方位角向調諧，從而由此容許對像素化靜電夾盤上之基板與地面之側向射頻耦合進行側向及方位角向調諧。此外，針對基板與地面之耦合而對像素化靜電夾盤中之電容的局部變化之控制藉由消除或，在一些情況下誘發受射頻耦合影響之製程變化，來大體上增強在該像素化靜電夾盤上執行 之製程。由此，像素化靜電夾盤賦能對整個基板上幾乎任何位置之間的埃(Å)位準的蝕刻速率及臨界尺寸(critical dimension；CD)均勻性進行控制。本文亦描述對在像素化靜電夾盤上處理之基板的射頻耦合進行調諧之方法。儘管像素化靜電夾盤在下文中經描述處於蝕刻處理腔室中，但像素化靜電夾盤可用於其他類型之電漿處理腔室中，該腔室諸如物理氣相沉積腔室、化學氣相沉積腔室、離子佈植腔室及其他腔室，及可用於需要對靜電夾盤之整個基板支撐表面的射頻輪廓進行方位角向調諧、側向調諧及/或局部調諧中之至少一個調諧之其他系統。可以預期，像素化電極亦可用以控制其他表面之射頻偏壓或耦合，該等表面包括不用於半導體處理之彼等表面。 Embodiments described herein provide a pixelated electrostatic chuck (ESC) that enables local, lateral, and azimuth angles for radio frequency coupling of a pixelated electrostatic chuck to a workpiece such as a substrate. Tuning, thereby permitting lateral and azimuthal angular tuning of the lateral RF coupling of the substrate on the pixelated electrostatic chuck to the ground. In addition, the control of the local variation of the capacitance in the pixelated electrostatic chuck for the coupling of the substrate to the ground substantially enhances the pixelated static electricity by eliminating or, in some cases, inducing process variations that are affected by the RF coupling. Execution on the chuck Process. Thus, the pixelated electrostatic chuck is enabled to control the etch rate and critical dimension (CD) uniformity of the Å level at almost any location across the substrate. Also described herein is a method of tuning the RF coupling of a substrate processed on a pixelated electrostatic chuck. Although a pixelated electrostatic chuck is described below in an etch processing chamber, a pixelated electrostatic chuck can be used in other types of plasma processing chambers, such as physical vapor deposition chambers, chemical vapor deposition. a chamber, an ion implantation chamber, and other chambers, and other ones that can be used for at least one of azimuthal tuning, lateral tuning, and/or local tuning of the RF profile that requires the entire substrate support surface of the electrostatic chuck system. It is contemplated that the pixelated electrodes can also be used to control RF bias or coupling of other surfaces including those surfaces that are not used for semiconductor processing.

在一或更多個實施例中，像素化靜電夾盤容許在真空製程期間藉由利用像素電極以補償腔室不均勻性(如溫度、流通導率、電場、電漿密度，等等)，來對基板邊緣或整個基板上其他位置處之臨界尺寸(critical dimension；CD)變化進行校正(如蝕刻、沉積、佈植，等等)。此外，一些實施例已證實控制基板接地之電容(自約20pF至約數百pF範圍中任一電容)的能力。 In one or more embodiments, a pixelated electrostatic chuck allows for compensation of chamber inhomogeneities (eg, temperature, flow conductivity, electric field, plasma density, etc.) by utilizing pixel electrodes during a vacuum process, Correction of critical dimension (CD) changes at the edge of the substrate or at other locations on the entire substrate (eg, etching, deposition, implantation, etc.). In addition, some embodiments have demonstrated the ability to control the capacitance of the substrate ground (from about 20 pF to about any of the hundreds of pF ranges).

第1圖是示例性蝕刻處理腔室100之示意性橫剖面視圖，該蝕刻處理腔室100中具有像素化靜電夾盤132。如上文之論述，像素化靜電夾盤132可用於其他處理腔室中，例如電漿處理腔室、退火腔室、物理氣相沉積腔室、化學氣相沉積腔室，及離子佈植腔室，及其他腔室，亦可用於需要對 將表面或工件(如基板)耦合至地面之射頻輪廓進行控制之能力的其他系統中。對橫跨表面(亦即像素化靜電夾盤132之基板支撐表面)之諸多離散區域之射頻耦合的獨立及局部控制有利地賦能射頻輪廓之側向及/或方位角向調諧及減少諸如高或低射頻耦合之局部射頻不平處，該等不平處可影響蝕刻處理腔室100中之局部製程結果。 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary etch processing chamber 100 having a pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 therein. As discussed above, the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be used in other processing chambers, such as plasma processing chambers, annealing chambers, physical vapor deposition chambers, chemical vapor deposition chambers, and ion implantation chambers. , and other chambers, can also be used to Other systems that couple surfaces or workpieces (such as substrates) to the ability of the ground's RF profile to be controlled. Independent and local control of the RF coupling across a plurality of discrete regions of the surface (ie, the substrate support surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132) advantageously enables lateral and/or azimuthal tuning and reduction of the RF profile such as high Or localized RF ramps with low RF coupling that can affect local process results in the etch process chamber 100.

處理腔室100包括接地腔室主體102。腔室主體102包括側壁104、底部106，及蓋108，上述各者圍封內部體積124。基板支撐組件126安置於內部體積124中。像素化靜電夾盤132安置於基板支撐組件126上，且在處理期間將基板134支撐在自身上方。 Processing chamber 100 includes a grounded chamber body 102. The chamber body 102 includes a side wall 104, a bottom portion 106, and a cover 108, each of which encloses an interior volume 124. The substrate support assembly 126 is disposed in the interior volume 124. The pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 is disposed on the substrate support assembly 126 and supports the substrate 134 above itself during processing.

處理腔室100之側壁104包括開口(未圖示)，基板134可由機器人經由該開口移送進出內部容積124。泵送口110在腔室主體102之側壁104或底部106中之一者中形成，及泵送口110以流體方式連接至泵送系統(未圖示)。泵送系統用以在處理腔室100之內部體積124內維持真空環境，同時移除處理副產物。 The sidewall 104 of the processing chamber 100 includes an opening (not shown) through which the substrate 134 can be transferred by the robot into and out of the interior volume 124. Pumping port 110 is formed in one of side wall 104 or bottom 106 of chamber body 102, and pumping port 110 is fluidly coupled to a pumping system (not shown). The pumping system is used to maintain a vacuum environment within the internal volume 124 of the processing chamber 100 while removing processing by-products.

氣體分配盤112將處理氣體及/或其他氣體經由一或更多個入口端114提供至處理腔室100之內部容積124，該等入口端114穿過腔室主體102之蓋108或側壁104中之至少一者而形成。由氣體面板112提供之處理氣體在內部體積124內經通電以形成電漿122，該電漿122用以處理安置在像素化靜電夾盤132上之基板134。可由感應耦接至處理氣體之射頻功率對處理氣體通電，該射頻功率來自定位在腔室主體102 外部之電漿施用器120。在第1圖中繪示之實施例中，電漿施用器120是經由匹配電路118耦接至射頻功率來源116或電容耦合電漿(capacitively coupled plasma；CCP)腔室之一對共軸線圈。 The gas distribution disk 112 provides process gas and/or other gases to the interior volume 124 of the processing chamber 100 via one or more inlet ends 114 that pass through the lid 108 or sidewall 104 of the chamber body 102 Formed by at least one of them. The process gas provided by gas panel 112 is energized within internal volume 124 to form a plasma 122 for processing substrate 134 disposed on pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. The process gas can be energized by RF power coupled inductively to the process gas from the location of the chamber body 102 External plasma applicator 120. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the plasma applicator 120 is coupled via a matching circuit 118 to one of a radio frequency power source 116 or a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) chamber to a coaxial coil.

控制器148耦接至處理腔室100以控制處理腔室100之操作及對基板134之處理。控制器148可為具有任一形式之通用資料處理系統之一個控制器，該處理系統可用於對於控制多種子處理器及子控制器而進行的工業設定。一般而言，控制器148包括中央處理單元(central processing unit；CPU)172及其他常見元件，該CPU與記憶體174及輸入/輸出(input/output；I/O)電路系統176通信。由控制器148之CPU執行之軟體指令使處理腔室例如將蝕刻劑氣體混合物(亦即處理氣體)引入內部體積124，藉由施加來自電漿施用器120之射頻功率由處理氣體形成電漿122，及蝕刻存在於基板134上之材料層。 Controller 148 is coupled to processing chamber 100 to control the operation of processing chamber 100 and processing of substrate 134. Controller 148 can be a controller having any form of general purpose data processing system that can be used for industrial settings for controlling a variety of sub-processors and sub-controllers. In general, controller 148 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 172 and other common components that communicate with memory 174 and input/output (I/O) circuitry 176. The software instructions executed by the CPU of controller 148 cause the processing chamber to introduce an etchant gas mixture (i.e., process gas) into internal volume 124, which is formed from the process gas by application of RF power from plasma applicator 120. And etching a layer of material present on the substrate 134.

基板支撐組件126一般包括至少一基板支撐件。在第1圖之實施例中，基板支撐件為靜電夾盤，及下文將該基板支撐件描述為像素化靜電夾盤132。基板支撐組件126可額外包括加熱器組件170。基板支撐組件126亦可包括冷卻基座130。或者，冷卻基座可與基板支撐組件126分離。基板支撐組件126可以可移除方式耦接至支撐台座125。支撐台座125安裝至腔室主體102，及支撐台座125可包括台座基座128。支撐台座125可視情況地包括設施板件180。可週期性地將基板支撐組件126從支撐台座125移除，以容許對基板支撐組 件126之一或更多個元件進行整修。 The substrate support assembly 126 generally includes at least one substrate support. In the embodiment of Figure 1, the substrate support is an electrostatic chuck, and the substrate support is hereinafter described as a pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. The substrate support assembly 126 can additionally include a heater assembly 170. The substrate support assembly 126 can also include a cooling base 130. Alternatively, the cooling pedestal can be separated from the substrate support assembly 126. The substrate support assembly 126 can be removably coupled to the support pedestal 125. The support pedestal 125 is mounted to the chamber body 102, and the support pedestal 125 can include a pedestal base 128. The support pedestal 125 can optionally include a facility panel 180. The substrate support assembly 126 can be periodically removed from the support pedestal 125 to allow for support of the substrate support set One or more of the components 126 are refurbished.

設施板件180經配置以容納複數個驅動機構，該等驅動機構經配置以升高及降低複數個升舉銷。此外，設施板件180亦經配置以容納來自像素化靜電夾盤132及冷卻基座130之複數個流體連接裝置。設施板件180亦經配置以容納來自像素化靜電夾盤132及加熱器組件170之複數個電連接裝置。各種連接裝置可在基板支撐組件126外部或內部運行，而設施板件180為該等連接裝置提供向各個終點之介面。 The facility panel 180 is configured to accommodate a plurality of drive mechanisms configured to raise and lower a plurality of lift pins. In addition, the facility panel 180 is also configured to receive a plurality of fluid connection devices from the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 and the cooling base 130. The facility panel 180 is also configured to receive a plurality of electrical connections from the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 and heater assembly 170. Various attachment means can be operated externally or internally to the substrate support assembly 126, and the facility panel 180 provides interfaces to the various end points for the connection means.

溫度控制冷卻基座130耦接至熱傳遞流體源144。熱傳遞流體源144提供諸如液體、氣體或該兩者之組合之熱傳遞流體，該熱傳遞流體在安置於冷卻基座130中之一或更多個導管160中循環。流經相鄰導管160之流體可經隔離以賦能在像素化靜電夾盤132與冷卻基座130之不同區域之間的熱傳遞之局部控制，此舉協助控制基板134之側向溫度輪廓。 The temperature controlled cooling pedestal 130 is coupled to a heat transfer fluid source 144. The heat transfer fluid source 144 provides a heat transfer fluid, such as a liquid, a gas, or a combination of the two, that circulates in one or more conduits 160 disposed in the cooling susceptor 130. Fluid flowing through adjacent conduits 160 can be isolated to provide localized control of heat transfer between different regions of pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 and cooling susceptor 130, which assists in controlling the lateral temperature profile of substrate 134.

在一或更多個實施例中，流體分配器可以流體方式耦接在熱傳遞流體源144的出口與溫度控制冷卻基座130之間。流體分配器操作以控制經提供至導管160之熱傳遞流體量。流體分配器可安置於處理腔室100外側、基板支撐組件126之內、台座基座128之內或其他適合之位置。 In one or more embodiments, the fluid dispenser can be fluidly coupled between the outlet of the heat transfer fluid source 144 and the temperature controlled cooling susceptor 130. The fluid dispenser operates to control the amount of heat transfer fluid provided to the conduit 160. The fluid dispenser can be disposed outside of the processing chamber 100, within the substrate support assembly 126, within the pedestal base 128, or other suitable location.

加熱器組件170可包括埋置入主體152中之一或更多個主要電阻加熱器154及視情況包括複數個輔助加熱器(未圖示)。主要電阻加熱器154可經提供以將基板支撐組件126之溫度升高至用於實施腔室製程之溫度。輔助加熱器(如存 在)可向由主要電阻加熱器154產生之像素化靜電夾盤132溫度輪廓提供耦接攝氏溫度之局部化調整。由此，主要電阻加熱器154以全域化大規模操作，而輔助加熱器則以局部化小規模操作。主要電阻加熱器154經由射頻濾波器184耦接至主要加熱器電源156。電源156可向主要電阻加熱器154提供500瓦特或更高功率。控制器148可控制主要加熱器電源156之操作，該電源一般經設定以加熱基板134。在一或更多個實施例中，主要電阻加熱器154包括複數個側向分隔的加熱區，其中控制器148賦能具有主要電阻加熱器154之一個加熱區相對於位於其他區中一或更多個區中之主要電阻加熱器154得以優先加熱。例如，主要電阻加熱器154可在複數個分隔的加熱區中經同心排列以賦能邊緣至中心之溫度控制。 The heater assembly 170 can include one or more primary resistance heaters 154 embedded in the body 152 and optionally a plurality of auxiliary heaters (not shown). A primary resistance heater 154 can be provided to raise the temperature of the substrate support assembly 126 to a temperature for performing the chamber process. Auxiliary heater A localized adjustment of the coupled Celsius temperature can be provided to the temperature profile of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 produced by the primary resistive heater 154. Thus, the primary resistance heater 154 operates globally on a large scale, while the auxiliary heater operates on a small scale localized. The primary resistance heater 154 is coupled to the primary heater power source 156 via a radio frequency filter 184. Power source 156 can provide 500 watts or more of power to primary resistive heater 154. Controller 148 can control the operation of primary heater power source 156, which is typically configured to heat substrate 134. In one or more embodiments, the primary resistance heater 154 includes a plurality of laterally spaced heating zones, wherein the controller 148 is energized with one heating zone of the primary electrical resistance heater 154 relative to one or more of the other zones The primary resistance heater 154 in the plurality of zones is preferentially heated. For example, the primary resistance heater 154 can be concentrically arranged in a plurality of separate heating zones to enable edge to center temperature control.

或者，一或更多個主要電阻加熱器154及/或輔助加熱器可在像素化靜電夾盤132中形成。在主要電阻加熱器154及輔助加熱器皆形成於像素化靜電夾盤132中之彼等實施例中，基板支撐組件126可在沒有加熱器組件170之情況下形成，及像素化靜電夾盤132可直接安置於冷卻基座130上。 Alternatively, one or more primary resistance heaters 154 and/or auxiliary heaters may be formed in the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. In embodiments where both the primary resistance heater 154 and the auxiliary heater are formed in the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132, the substrate support assembly 126 can be formed without the heater assembly 170, and the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 It can be directly placed on the cooling base 130.

處理腔室100中之基板134之表面溫度可受由泵排出處理氣體、狹縫閥門、電漿122及其他因數之影響。冷卻基座130、一或更多個主要電阻加熱器154，及輔助加熱器全部有助於控制基板134之表面溫度。 The surface temperature of the substrate 134 in the processing chamber 100 can be affected by the discharge of process gases by the pump, slit valves, plasma 122, and other factors. Cooling base 130, one or more primary resistance heaters 154, and auxiliary heaters all contribute to controlling the surface temperature of substrate 134.

像素化靜電夾盤132具有安裝表面131及與安裝表面131相對之工件表面133。像素化靜電夾盤132之工件表面 133可包括氣道(未圖示)，以用於向基板134與像素化靜電夾盤132之工件表面133之間界定之間隙空間提供背側熱傳遞氣體。像素化靜電夾盤132亦可包括升舉銷孔以用於容納升舉銷(兩者皆未圖示)，該等升舉銷用於將基板134升高至像素化靜電夾盤132之工件表面133上方以便於機器人移送進出處理腔室100。 The pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 has a mounting surface 131 and a workpiece surface 133 opposite the mounting surface 131. Pixelized surface of the workpiece of the electrostatic chuck 132 The 133 can include an airway (not shown) for providing a backside heat transfer gas to the interstitial space defined between the substrate 134 and the workpiece surface 133 of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. The pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can also include a lift pin hole for receiving a lift pin (both not shown) for raising the substrate 134 to the workpiece of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. Above the surface 133 to facilitate the transfer of the robot into and out of the processing chamber 100.

像素化靜電夾盤132一般包括介電體150，該介電體150中埋置有一或更多個夾緊電極136。介電體150中亦可埋置有一或更多個像素電極140。像素電極140可與夾緊電極136共面。像素電極140可與夾緊電極136交替佈置，例如像素電極140可排列在柵格或極性陣列中，該柵格或極性陣列在形成於單個夾緊電極136中之孔口內交替佈置，或在複數個夾緊電極136之間交替佈置。 The pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 generally includes a dielectric body 150 in which one or more clamping electrodes 136 are embedded. One or more pixel electrodes 140 may also be buried in the dielectric body 150. The pixel electrode 140 can be coplanar with the clamping electrode 136. The pixel electrode 140 may be alternately arranged with the clamping electrode 136, for example, the pixel electrode 140 may be arranged in a grid or a polarity array, which is alternately arranged in an aperture formed in a single clamping electrode 136, or A plurality of clamping electrodes 136 are alternately arranged.

像素電極140及夾緊電極136可藉由直接使用MEMS技術整合至圓盤228中。每一像素電極140可藉由夾緊電極136而與相鄰像素電極140分隔。像素電極140及夾緊電極136可藉由電鍍、網印、物理氣相沉積、壓印、鋼絲網目或其他適合之方式形成。 The pixel electrode 140 and the clamping electrode 136 can be integrated into the disk 228 by direct use of MEMS technology. Each of the pixel electrodes 140 may be separated from the adjacent pixel electrodes 140 by the clamping electrodes 136. The pixel electrode 140 and the clamping electrode 136 can be formed by electroplating, screen printing, physical vapor deposition, embossing, wire mesh, or other suitable means.

往回參看介電體150，介電體150可具有經配置以與基板直徑相同或直徑略大於基板直徑之扁平圓盤形式。或者，介電體150可具有其他形式，如矩形、正方形，或其他平面形式。介電體150可由陶瓷材料製造而成，如AlN或Al2O3。當由陶瓷材料製造而成時，介電體150可被稱作圓盤(在第2圖中圖示為圓盤228)。或者，介電體150可由聚合 物製造而成，該聚合物如聚醯亞胺、聚醚醚酮、聚芳醚酮，等等。當由聚合物製造而成時，介電體150可被稱作撓曲堆疊。 Referring back to the dielectric body 150, the dielectric body 150 can have the form of a flat disk configured to be the same diameter or slightly larger in diameter than the substrate diameter. Alternatively, dielectric body 150 can have other forms, such as rectangular, square, or other planar forms. The dielectric body 150 may be made of a ceramic material such as AlN or Al 2 O 3 . When fabricated from a ceramic material, the dielectric body 150 can be referred to as a disk (illustrated as disk 228 in FIG. 2). Alternatively, the dielectric body 150 may be fabricated from a polymer such as polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, and the like. When fabricated from a polymer, the dielectric 150 can be referred to as a flex stack.

像素化靜電夾盤132之主體150可由兩個或兩個以上之層形成，該等層在壓力下經加熱以形成一整塊主體150。例如，主體152可由聚醯亞胺層形成，該等層之上或之間具有像素電極140及夾緊電極136。在一些實施例中，主要電阻加熱器154亦可形成於聚醯亞胺層之上或之間。或者，像素化靜電夾盤132可由陶瓷材料形成。像素化靜電夾盤132可經燒結及可包含埋置於夾盤中之一或更多個夾緊電極136及像素電極140。 The body 150 of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be formed from two or more layers that are heated under pressure to form a monolithic body 150. For example, body 152 can be formed from a layer of polyimide having pixel electrodes 140 and clamping electrodes 136 on or between them. In some embodiments, the primary electrical resistance heater 154 can also be formed on or between the polyimide layers. Alternatively, the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be formed from a ceramic material. The pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be sintered and can include one or more clamping electrodes 136 and pixel electrodes 140 embedded in the chuck.

夾緊電極136可經配置為雙極性電極，或其他適合之配置。夾緊電極136經由射頻濾波器182耦接至夾緊電源138，該夾緊電源138提供射頻或直流電功率以靜電方式將基板134緊固至像素化靜電夾盤132之上表面。射頻濾波器182防止用以在處理腔室100內形成電漿122之射頻功率損害電氣設備或在腔室外部造成電氣危害。在一個實施例中，夾緊電源138向一或更多個夾緊電極136提供高壓。 Clamping electrode 136 can be configured as a bipolar electrode, or other suitable configuration. Clamping electrode 136 is coupled to clamping power supply 138 via RF filter 182, which provides RF or DC power to electrostatically secure substrate 134 to the upper surface of pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. The RF filter 182 prevents RF power used to form the plasma 122 within the processing chamber 100 from damaging the electrical device or causing electrical hazards outside of the chamber. In one embodiment, the clamping power supply 138 provides a high voltage to one or more clamping electrodes 136.

複數個像素電極140可安置在像素化靜電夾盤132中及排列在緊鄰夾緊電極136之處。像素電極140經由像素電容器(第4圖及第5圖中圖示)經由電導線146耦接至地面142。像素電容器可經配置以具有固定或可變之電容，其中每一像素電容器之值經選定以單獨及局部地控制橫跨像素化靜電夾盤132之諸多離散區域之射頻耦合，以賦能對基板與 靜電夾盤132之間的功率耦合進行局部、側向及/或方位角向調諧，由此賦能局部、側向及/或方位角向製程結果在蝕刻處理腔室100中得以調諧。 A plurality of pixel electrodes 140 may be disposed in the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 and disposed adjacent to the clamping electrode 136. The pixel electrode 140 is coupled to the ground 142 via an electrical conductor 146 via a pixel capacitor (illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5). The pixel capacitors can be configured to have a fixed or variable capacitance, wherein the value of each pixel capacitor is selected to individually and locally control RF coupling across a plurality of discrete regions of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 to energize the counter substrate versus The power coupling between the electrostatic chucks 132 is localized, laterally, and/or azimuthally tuned, thereby enabling local, lateral, and/or azimuthal process results to be tuned in the etch processing chamber 100.

在一或更多個實施例中，像素電容器可為可變電容器，該可變電容器之電容可以機械方式或電子方式變更。像素控制器210可用以控制像素電容器之電容。像素電容器之電容變更可用以影響在夾緊電極136之間經由一或更多個像素電極140的功率耦合之親合性，該功率經由基板134接至地面142，藉此以靜電方式將基板134夾緊至像素化靜電夾盤132。 In one or more embodiments, the pixel capacitor can be a variable capacitor whose capacitance can be changed mechanically or electronically. The pixel controller 210 can be used to control the capacitance of the pixel capacitor. The capacitance change of the pixel capacitor can be used to affect the affinity of the power coupling between the clamping electrodes 136 via the one or more pixel electrodes 140 that are coupled to the ground 142 via the substrate 134, thereby electrostatically placing the substrate 134 Clamped to the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132.

像素電容器與電阻器、感應器及憶阻器皆屬於用於電子設備中之「被動元件」群組，該等元件用以傳輸夾持力，同時容許對處理結果進行可調諧控制。像素電容器可具有固定電容值，及/或具有可變電容器，該等可變電容器具有可變(修整器)或可調整(可調諧)電容值。像素電容器可為數位調諧電容器，如積體電路(integrated circuit；IC)可變電容器，該電容器之電容可由像素控制器210控制。像素電容器之電容值可經配置以調諧射頻信號以控制蝕刻處理腔室100中之蝕刻速率。 Pixel capacitors and resistors, inductors, and memristors are all groups of "passive components" used in electronic devices that transmit clamping forces while allowing tunable control of processing results. The pixel capacitors can have fixed capacitance values and/or have variable capacitors with variable (trimmer) or adjustable (tunable) capacitance values. The pixel capacitor can be a digitally tuned capacitor, such as an integrated circuit (IC) variable capacitor, the capacitance of which can be controlled by pixel controller 210. The capacitance value of the pixel capacitor can be configured to tune the RF signal to control the etch rate in the etch processing chamber 100.

在一或更多個實施例中，像素電容器可製造為固態場效應電晶體(field-effect transistor；FET)開關。像素電容器可為微型機電系統(microelectromechanical system；MEMS)、基於鈦酸鍶鋇(barium strontium titanate；BST)之裝置、基於絕緣體上矽(silicon-on-insulator；SOI)之裝置/基於藍寶石上矽 (silicon-on-sapphire；SOS)之裝置、基於鐵電體之裝置，或其他適合之裝置技術。MEMS裝置具有高線性，因此適合於天線孔口調諧、動態阻抗匹配、功率放大器負載匹配，及可調濾波器。BST裝置藉由向該等裝置施加高壓來改變電容。調諧準確度僅因產生高壓之直流交流轉換器電路系統之準確度而受限。在需求嚴格之應用中，BST裝置具有在經過溫度變化時的優良穩定性及具有線性。SOI/SOS調諧裝置使用以二元加權值排列之金屬-絕緣體-金屬(metal-insulator-metal；MIM)蓋以獲取不同電容值。SOI/SOS開關具有高線性，且十分適合於不存在高電壓之低功率應用。高電壓耐受性需要多個串聯FET裝置，該等裝置增添串聯電阻，及降低品質因數。在一個實施例中，像素電極140是經數位調諧之可變MEMS裝置。 In one or more embodiments, the pixel capacitor can be fabricated as a solid state field effect transistor (FET) switch. The pixel capacitor can be a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), a barium strontium titanate (BST) based device, a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based device or a sapphire based cap. (silicon-on-sapphire; SOS) devices, ferroelectric-based devices, or other suitable device technology. MEMS devices are highly linear and are therefore suitable for antenna aperture tuning, dynamic impedance matching, power amplifier load matching, and tunable filters. The BST device changes the capacitance by applying a high voltage to the devices. Tuning accuracy is limited only by the accuracy of the high voltage DC AC converter circuitry. In demanding applications, BST devices have excellent stability and linearity over temperature changes. The SOI/SOS tuning device uses a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) cover arranged in binary weights to obtain different capacitance values. SOI/SOS switches are highly linear and well suited for low power applications where high voltages are not present. High voltage tolerance requires multiple series FET devices that add series resistance and reduce the quality factor. In one embodiment, pixel electrode 140 is a digitally tuned variable MEMS device.

基於電漿之製程可能對靜電夾盤之較小局部射頻(radio frequency；RF)耦合變化靈敏度極高。像素化靜電夾盤132容許控制表面電容，以便對基板134之整個側剖面中分散位置處的蝕刻速率提供埃(Å)位準之臨界尺寸控制。 Plasma-based processes may be extremely sensitive to small local radio frequency (RF) coupling changes in electrostatic chucks. The pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 allows control of the surface capacitance to provide critical dimension control of the Å level for the etch rate at the dispersed locations throughout the side profile of the substrate 134.

第2圖是局部橫剖面示意圖，該圖圖示基板支撐組件126之部分。第2圖中包括像素化靜電夾盤132、加熱器組件170、冷卻基座130、及設施板件180之部分。 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a portion of the substrate support assembly 126. The second figure includes portions of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132, the heater assembly 170, the cooling base 130, and the facility panel 180.

加熱器組件170可為可選的，且具有絕緣區域264。絕緣區域264可防止加熱器組件170接觸電導線146，該等電導線146將像素電極140經由像素電容器及像素控制器210連接至地面142。在主要電阻加熱器154位於像素化靜電夾盤 132中之實施例中，基板支撐組件126中可不存在加熱器組件170。 The heater assembly 170 can be optional and has an insulating region 264. The insulating region 264 can prevent the heater assembly 170 from contacting the electrical leads 146 that connect the pixel electrode 140 to the ground 142 via the pixel capacitor and pixel controller 210. The main resistance heater 154 is located in the pixelated electrostatic chuck In the embodiment of 132, heater assembly 170 may not be present in substrate support assembly 126.

加熱器組件170可藉由利用黏結劑244耦接至像素化靜電夾盤132之安裝表面131。黏結劑244可為黏合劑，如基於丙烯酸之黏合劑、環氧樹脂、矽基黏合劑、基於氯丁橡膠之黏合劑，或其他適合之黏合劑。在一個實施例中，黏結劑244是環氧樹脂。黏結劑244可具有選自從0.01至200W/mK之範圍中之熱傳導係數，且在一個示例性實施例中，選自從0.1至10W/mK之範圍中。包括黏結劑244之黏合劑材料可額外包括至少一個熱傳導陶瓷過濾器，例如氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氮化鋁(AlN)，及二硼化鈦(TiB2)，等等。當整修像素化靜電夾盤132或加熱器組件170之時，可移除黏結劑244。在其他實施例中，像素化靜電夾盤132藉由利用緊固件或夾具(未圖示)以可移除方式耦接至加熱器組件170。 The heater assembly 170 can be coupled to the mounting surface 131 of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 by the use of a bonding agent 244. The binder 244 can be an adhesive such as an acrylic based adhesive, an epoxy resin, a bismuth based adhesive, a neoprene based adhesive, or other suitable adhesive. In one embodiment, the binder 244 is an epoxy resin. The binder 244 can have a heat transfer coefficient selected from the range of from 0.01 to 200 W/mK, and in one exemplary embodiment, is selected from the range of from 0.1 to 10 W/mK. The binder material including the binder 244 may additionally include at least one thermally conductive ceramic filter such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum nitride (AlN), and titanium diboride (TiB 2 ), and the like. When the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 or heater assembly 170 is refurbished, the binder 244 can be removed. In other embodiments, the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 is removably coupled to the heater assembly 170 by the use of fasteners or clamps (not shown).

像素化靜電夾盤132之主體150在平面圖中一般可為圓柱形，但亦可以其他幾何形狀形成。主體150可為陶瓷及可燒結至第2圖中圖示之圓盤228內。圓盤228具有工件表面133以將基板134支撐在該圓盤上。此外，主體150亦可包括面對加熱器組件170之安裝表面131。 The body 150 of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be generally cylindrical in plan view, but can be formed in other geometric shapes. The body 150 can be ceramic and can be sintered into the disc 228 illustrated in Figure 2. Disc 228 has a workpiece surface 133 to support substrate 134 on the disc. Additionally, body 150 can also include a mounting surface 131 that faces heater assembly 170.

安置在電極136、140與基板134頂表面之間的圓盤228之部分形成介電質226，該介電質用於將功率電容式耦合至基板134。由於介電質226深度更深或圓盤228構形更扁平而導致的耦合至基板134之更大功率可能降低蝕刻速率，反之亦然。因為甚至低至0.25℃之溫度均勻性亦不足以維持良 好的側向蝕刻均勻性，所以功率至基板134之耦合在形成小於10奈米之半導體技術節點時具有十分重要的作用。由此，已發現，對於在基板134與像素化靜電夾盤132之間於整個像素化靜電夾盤132上側向離散的位置處之功率耦合的獨立控制，容許像素化靜電夾盤132中與像素電極140之一者及該像素電極140周圍的夾緊電極136相關連之每一位置處之蝕刻速率得以獨立控制。 Portions of the disk 228 disposed between the electrodes 136, 140 and the top surface of the substrate 134 form a dielectric 226 for capacitively coupling power to the substrate 134. The greater power coupled to the substrate 134 due to the deeper depth of the dielectric 226 or the flatter configuration of the disk 228 may reduce the etch rate and vice versa. Because even the temperature uniformity as low as 0.25 ° C is not enough to maintain good Good lateral etch uniformity, so the coupling of power to substrate 134 plays a very important role in forming semiconductor technology nodes of less than 10 nanometers. Thus, it has been discovered that for independent control of power coupling between the substrate 134 and the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 at laterally discrete locations on the entire pixelated electrostatic chuck 132, pixelation of the electrostatic chuck 132 with pixels is permitted. The etch rate at each location associated with one of the electrodes 140 and the clamping electrode 136 around the pixel electrode 140 is independently controlled.

視靜電夾盤之設計及所用材料而定，習用靜電夾盤在基板與夾緊電極之間的離散位置處可具有不同電容。例如，完全平坦的晶圓與完全平坦的習用靜電夾盤之間的電容可約為220pF。假定圓盤表面平面度及粗糙度及其他因數(如介電深度、夾緊電極與靜電夾盤表面之距離，及圓盤材料，及其他因數)發生變化，則靜電夾盤之一個區域與其他區域相比，該前一區域之電容可能遠高於其他區域中之電容。例如，一些習用靜電夾盤在整個基板支撐表面可具有約數千微微法拉第的電容變異。 Depending on the design of the electrostatic chuck and the materials used, conventional electrostatic chucks may have different capacitances at discrete locations between the substrate and the clamping electrodes. For example, the capacitance between a fully flat wafer and a fully flat conventional electrostatic chuck can be approximately 220 pF. Assuming that the flatness and roughness of the disc surface and other factors (such as the dielectric depth, the distance between the clamping electrode and the electrostatic chuck surface, and the disc material, and other factors) change, one area of the electrostatic chuck and the other Compared to the area, the capacitance of the previous area may be much higher than the capacitance of other areas. For example, some conventional electrostatic chucks may have capacitance variations of about several thousand picofarads over the entire substrate support surface.

本文所述之像素化靜電夾盤132之實施例容許藉由將像素化靜電夾盤132之整個基板支撐表面之局部電容變化控制在低於10%之程度，而將蝕刻速率均勻性控制在約5Å之內。例如，像素化靜電夾盤132之整個基板支撐表面之局部電容變化可經控制在約20pF至約數百微微法拉第之間。 Embodiments of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 described herein allow the etch rate uniformity to be controlled by controlling the local capacitance variation of the entire substrate support surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 to less than 10%. Within 5Å. For example, a local capacitance change across the substrate support surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be controlled between about 20 pF and about a few hundred picofarads.

在一或更多個實施例中，像素化靜電夾盤132之整個基板支撐表面之局部電容變化可藉由以下方式而經控制：充分地縮小介電質226之深度容限以便達成小於10%之電容 變化。例如，可將介電質226之深度容限縮小至小於約5%(在另一個5%與摻雜變化相關之情況下)，以達成小於10%之電容變化。 In one or more embodiments, the local capacitance variation of the entire substrate support surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be controlled by substantially reducing the depth tolerance of the dielectric 226 to achieve less than 10%. Capacitance Variety. For example, the depth tolerance of the dielectric 226 can be reduced to less than about 5% (in the case of another 5% associated with the doping variation) to achieve a capacitance change of less than 10%.

除縮小介電質226之深度容限之外，或替代性地，像素化靜電夾盤132之整個基板支撐表面之局部電容變化可藉由充分提高圓盤228表面之平面度及構形均勻性而經控制。例如，圓盤228之平面度容限可小於約10μm。除提高圓盤228之平面度以外，或替代性地，圓盤228之表面粗糙度變化可小於約10μm。 In addition to reducing the depth tolerance of the dielectric material 226, or alternatively, the local capacitance variation of the entire substrate support surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be substantially improved by flatness and conformal uniformity of the surface of the disk 228. And controlled. For example, the flatness tolerance of the disk 228 can be less than about 10 [mu]m. In addition to increasing the flatness of the disk 228, or alternatively, the surface roughness variation of the disk 228 can be less than about 10 [mu]m.

除改良介電質226及圓盤228之物理屬性(亦即深度容限、平面度、粗糙度，等等)中之一或更多者之外，或替代性地，像素化靜電夾盤132之整個基板支撐表面之局部電容變化可藉由為耦接至單個像素電極140之每一像素電容器選擇適當電容而經控制。藉由為耦接至單個像素電極140之每一像素電容器選擇適當電容，介電質226及圓盤228之物理屬性變化或處理環境中之變化可得以補償，以達到所需處理結果，如將蝕刻速率均勻性維持在約5Å內。 In addition to modifying one or more of the physical properties of dielectric 226 and disk 228 (i.e., depth tolerance, flatness, roughness, etc.), or alternatively, pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 The local capacitance change of the entire substrate support surface can be controlled by selecting an appropriate capacitance for each pixel capacitor coupled to a single pixel electrode 140. By selecting the appropriate capacitance for each pixel capacitor coupled to a single pixel electrode 140, changes in the physical properties of the dielectric 226 and disk 228 or changes in the processing environment can be compensated to achieve desired processing results, such as The etch rate uniformity is maintained within about 5 Å.

像素控制器210可用以為耦接至單個像素電極140之每一像素電容器選擇適當電容。例如，像素控制器210可藉由利用由像素控制器210產生之控制信號來控制每一像素電容器之電容。 The pixel controller 210 can be used to select an appropriate capacitance for each pixel capacitor coupled to a single pixel electrode 140. For example, pixel controller 210 can control the capacitance of each pixel capacitor by utilizing control signals generated by pixel controller 210.

使用獨立可控的像素電容器以平滑化或校正像素化靜電夾盤132之功率耦合輪廓賦能將整個基板134之局部射頻均勻性控制在極小容限。整個基板134之局部射頻均勻性 在處理基板134時賦能精確的製程及臨界尺寸控制。此外，像素電極140之小尺寸及高密度賦能對單個像素電極140與相鄰夾緊電極136之間經由基板134之功率耦合進行分散局部控制，同時大體上不影響像素化靜電夾盤132之相鄰區域之功率耦合，由此容許功率耦合之局部控制。具有多數個像素電極140之基板支撐組件126已經證實具有將在該組件上經處理之基板134之電容均勻性控制在小於約10%的能力，從而控制蝕刻均勻性之製程偏差降至約5Å。 The use of independently controllable pixel capacitors to smooth or correct the power coupling profile of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 enables local radio frequency uniformity of the entire substrate 134 to be minimized. Local radio frequency uniformity of the entire substrate 134 Accurate process and critical dimension control is imparted when processing substrate 134. In addition, the small size and high density of the pixel electrode 140 enables distributed local control of the power coupling between the single pixel electrode 140 and the adjacent clamping electrode 136 via the substrate 134 while substantially not affecting the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. Power coupling of adjacent regions, thereby allowing local control of power coupling. The substrate support assembly 126 having a plurality of pixel electrodes 140 has been demonstrated to have the ability to control the capacitance uniformity of the processed substrate 134 on the assembly to less than about 10%, thereby reducing process variations in controlling etch uniformity to about 5 Å.

第3圖是沿第2圖中之剖面線A-A截取之像素化靜電夾盤132的局部橫剖面頂視平面圖。在像素化靜電夾盤132中之像素電極140及夾緊電極136之佈局以實例方式而提供，及以替代性方式排列。像素電極140沿第2圖中穿過像素化靜電夾盤132之剖面線A-A所在平面而安置。圖示之像素電極140及夾緊電極136之數目僅以說明為目的，及任何數目之實施例可具有大體上更多(或更少)之像素電極140及夾緊電極136。此外，夾緊電極136可具有可獨立偏壓區段之形式，或複數個共同偏壓區段形式，或其他配置。像素化靜電夾盤132之整個工件支撐表面的局部電容可由像素電容器控制，以提供埃(Å)位準之蝕刻速率控制。 Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional top plan view of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 taken along section line A-A of Figure 2; The layout of pixel electrode 140 and clamping electrode 136 in pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 is provided by way of example and in an alternative manner. The pixel electrode 140 is disposed along the plane of the section line A-A passing through the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 in FIG. The illustrated number of pixel electrodes 140 and clamping electrodes 136 are for illustrative purposes only, and any number of embodiments may have substantially more (or fewer) pixel electrodes 140 and clamping electrodes 136. Additionally, the clamping electrode 136 can be in the form of an independently biasable section, or in the form of a plurality of common biasing sections, or other configurations. The local capacitance of the entire workpiece support surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be controlled by a pixel capacitor to provide etch rate control of the Å level.

諸如第2圖中圖示之像素控制器210之像素控制器可控制每一像素電容器。在一個實施例中，像素電容器及用於將像素電容器耦接至選定像素電極140之開關安置於像素控制器210中。像素控制器210可將單個像素電極140耦接至電容器，該電容器具有與相鄰像素電極140相同或不同的 電容。在其他實施例中，像素控制器210可將相鄰像素電極140之群組耦接至具有相同電容之電容器，該電容可與相鄰像素電極140之群組之電容相同或不同，由此界定可獨立於其他區域而經控制的像素化靜電夾盤132中之一部分或一區域。像素控制器210可耦接複數個像素電極140，該等像素電極140經群組化以界定內側楔、周邊群組、餅狀區域，或其他所需幾何形狀配置，包括不連續配置。由此，藉由控制每一像素電極140之局部電容，可精確控制沿像素化靜電夾盤132的表面之單獨位置處之射頻耦合，此舉賦能對於基板處理結果的更精確控制。儘管圖示之像素電極140圖案排列為小單元之柵格，但該圖案可替代性地具有更大及/或用更小之單元，延伸至邊緣，或具有其他配置。 A pixel controller such as the pixel controller 210 illustrated in FIG. 2 can control each pixel capacitor. In one embodiment, a pixel capacitor and a switch for coupling the pixel capacitor to the selected pixel electrode 140 are disposed in the pixel controller 210. The pixel controller 210 can couple a single pixel electrode 140 to a capacitor having the same or different as the adjacent pixel electrode 140 capacitance. In other embodiments, the pixel controller 210 can couple groups of adjacent pixel electrodes 140 to capacitors having the same capacitance, which can be the same or different from the capacitance of the group of adjacent pixel electrodes 140, thereby defining A portion or region of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 that can be controlled independently of other regions. The pixel controller 210 can be coupled to a plurality of pixel electrodes 140 that are grouped to define an inner wedge, a perimeter group, a pie region, or other desired geometric configuration, including a discontinuous configuration. Thus, by controlling the local capacitance of each pixel electrode 140, the RF coupling at a separate location along the surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be precisely controlled, which enables more precise control of substrate processing results. Although the illustrated pixel electrodes 140 are arranged in a pattern as a grid of cells, the pattern may alternatively have larger and/or smaller cells, extend to the edges, or have other configurations.

像素電極140之數目可大體上等於夾緊電極136之數目。或者，像素電極140之數目可大體上超過或小於夾緊電極136之數目。定位於整個基板支撐組件126中之像素電極140之數目可能易於超過數百。在一個實施例中，每一夾緊電極136有一對應像素電極140。在一替代實施例中，一或更多個夾緊電極有對應之像素電極140之群組。 The number of pixel electrodes 140 can be substantially equal to the number of clamping electrodes 136. Alternatively, the number of pixel electrodes 140 may be substantially greater or less than the number of clamping electrodes 136. The number of pixel electrodes 140 positioned within the entire substrate support assembly 126 may easily exceed hundreds. In one embodiment, each clamping electrode 136 has a corresponding pixel electrode 140. In an alternate embodiment, one or more of the clamping electrodes have a corresponding group of pixel electrodes 140.

像素電極140可以一圖案配置以在基板與地面之間有效地產生所需射頻耦合輪廓。圖案可為圍繞中點而對稱之柵格(如圖所示)或其他適合之圖案，該圖案在孔洞中及周圍提供空隙以用於升舉銷或其他機構、流體或電連接裝置及出入口(未圖示)。 The pixel electrode 140 can be configured in a pattern to effectively produce a desired RF coupling profile between the substrate and the ground. The pattern may be a grid of symmetry around the midpoint (as shown) or other suitable pattern that provides clearance in and around the hole for lifting pins or other mechanisms, fluid or electrical connections, and access ( Not shown).

第4圖是沿第3圖之B-B剖面線截取之像素化靜電 夾盤132之橫剖面視圖。第4圖圖示電容器之簡化示例性佈線示意圖，該等電容器耦接至像素化靜電夾盤132中之像素電極140。第4圖中之像素化靜電夾盤132圖示在該夾盤中形成之像素電極140及夾緊電極136。像素電極140耦接至一或更多個電容器440，該等電容器例如位於電容器組410中。電容器組410可置放於像素控制器210中或其他適合之位置。電容器440可具有固定或可變電容。在電容是可變電容之實施例中，可回應於來自像素控制器210之信號而選擇電容器440之電容。 Figure 4 is a pixelated static electricity taken along line B-B of Figure 3. A cross-sectional view of the chuck 132. FIG. 4 illustrates a simplified exemplary wiring diagram of a capacitor coupled to a pixel electrode 140 in a pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. The pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 in FIG. 4 illustrates the pixel electrode 140 and the clamping electrode 136 formed in the chuck. The pixel electrode 140 is coupled to one or more capacitors 440, such as in the capacitor bank 410. Capacitor bank 410 can be placed in pixel controller 210 or other suitable location. Capacitor 440 can have a fixed or variable capacitance. In embodiments where the capacitance is a variable capacitance, the capacitance of capacitor 440 can be selected in response to a signal from pixel controller 210.

像素控制器210可具有控制器412以用於斷開及/或閉合單個電路，該電路選擇性地將電容器440經由電導線141耦接至各個像素電極140。當像素控制器210之電路處於閉合位置時，像素電極140經由電容器440中之至少一者耦接至地面142。在一個實施例中，控制器412可將像素電極140F及電容器440F經由電導線141F連接至地面142，而其他電容器440中之一或更多者則相對於地面142為浮動(因為彼等電路處於斷開狀態)。在此配置中，像素化靜電夾盤132中局部至像素電極140F之區域可具有比例如像素化靜電夾盤132中局部至電極140G之區域更強之射頻耦合。控制器412可控制像素電極140F及電容器440F將接至地面142或相對於地面處於浮動狀態之持續時間或工作循環。控制器412可相對於像素電極140F或其他像素電極140額外控制其他像素電極140及電容器440將接至地面142或相對於地面處於浮動狀態之持續時間或工作循環。以此方式，像素化靜電夾盤 132之整個基板支撐表面每一位置處之相對電容可隨時間經過而經控制，由此容許控制局部射頻耦合，及因此賦能局部處理結果得以按需定製。 The pixel controller 210 can have a controller 412 for opening and/or closing a single circuit that selectively couples the capacitor 440 to each of the pixel electrodes 140 via electrical leads 141. When the circuitry of pixel controller 210 is in the closed position, pixel electrode 140 is coupled to ground 142 via at least one of capacitors 440. In one embodiment, controller 412 can connect pixel electrode 140F and capacitor 440F to ground 142 via electrical lead 141F, while one or more of the other capacitors 440 are floating relative to ground 142 (because their circuits are Disconnected state). In this configuration, the area of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 that is local to the pixel electrode 140F can have a stronger RF coupling than, for example, the area of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 that is local to the electrode 140G. Controller 412 can control the duration or duty cycle in which pixel electrode 140F and capacitor 440F will be connected to ground 142 or in a floating state relative to the ground. Controller 412 can additionally control the duration or duty cycle in which other pixel electrodes 140 and capacitors 440 will be connected to ground 142 or in a floating state relative to the ground relative to pixel electrode 140F or other pixel electrode 140. In this way, pixelated electrostatic chuck The relative capacitance at each location of the entire substrate support surface 132 can be controlled over time, thereby allowing control of local RF coupling, and thus enabling localized processing results to be customized as needed.

在另一實施例中，除了控制像素電極140與地面之間相對連接之工作循環及持續時間之外，或替代性地，控制器412亦可以可程式化方式改變每一電容器440之電容，以便可控制像素化靜電夾盤132之整個基板支撐表面上每一位置處之相對電容。像素電極140之數目及密度促進將整個基板134之射頻耦合均勻性控制至極小容限之能力。由此，對每一像素電極140與地面之間相對於另一像素電極140之電容的獨立控制賦能對基板134與像素化靜電夾盤132之間特定位置處之射頻耦合之局部及側向控制，此舉接著在處理基板134之時賦能精確的製程及臨界尺寸控制。 In another embodiment, in addition to controlling the duty cycle and duration of the relative connection between the pixel electrode 140 and the ground, or alternatively, the controller 412 can also programmatically change the capacitance of each capacitor 440 so that The relative capacitance at each location on the entire substrate support surface of the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132 can be controlled. The number and density of pixel electrodes 140 facilitates the ability to control the RF coupling uniformity of the entire substrate 134 to a very small tolerance. Thus, the independent control of the capacitance between each pixel electrode 140 and the ground relative to the other pixel electrode 140 enables partial and lateral RF coupling at a specific location between the substrate 134 and the pixelated electrostatic chuck 132. Control, which then imparts precise process and critical dimension control while processing substrate 134.

第5圖圖示可變電容器500之部分佈線示意圖之一個實施例，該可變電容器500用於將像素電極140耦接至地面142。可變電容器500可例如藉由更換第4圖中圖示之電容器440而用於上述像素控制器210中任何像素電極140與地面142之間。可變電容器500可包括可變電容器505及固定電容器570之混合，該等電容器經由去耦電阻器506耦接至薄膜電晶體(thin-film transistor；TFT)508。可變電容器500一般充當電壓控制可變電容器(變容器)，且可利用MEMS控制元件以作為可變電容器505。可變電容器500包括分支510、520、530、540、550、560，該等分支中每一分支包括至少一個可變電容器505及至少一個固定電容器570。 FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a partial wiring schematic of variable capacitor 500 for coupling pixel electrode 140 to ground 142. The variable capacitor 500 can be used between any of the pixel electrodes 140 and the ground 142 in the pixel controller 210, for example, by replacing the capacitor 440 illustrated in FIG. The variable capacitor 500 can include a mixture of a variable capacitor 505 and a fixed capacitor 570 that are coupled to a thin-film transistor (TFT) 508 via a decoupling resistor 506. Variable capacitor 500 typically acts as a voltage controlled variable capacitor (varactor) and can utilize MEMS control elements as variable capacitor 505. Variable capacitor 500 includes branches 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, each of which includes at least one variable capacitor 505 and at least one fixed capacitor 570.

當可變電容器505經配置為MEMS控制元件時，可變電容器505為二元(開/關)控制，亦即可切換。可變電容器505可向可變電容器500提供約0pF至約3.4pF之間的電容。每一固定電容器570可向可變電容器500提供約0.5pF至約74pF之間的總電容。此外，安置在TFT 508與電容器505、570之間的去耦電阻器506可逐個提供約5歐姆電阻。 When the variable capacitor 505 is configured as a MEMS control element, the variable capacitor 505 is binary (on/off) control, that is, it can be switched. Variable capacitor 505 can provide a capacitance between about 0 pF and about 3.4 pF to variable capacitor 500. Each fixed capacitor 570 can provide a total capacitance between about 0.5 pF and about 74 pF to the variable capacitor 500. Additionally, a decoupling resistor 506 disposed between the TFT 508 and the capacitors 505, 570 can provide approximately 5 ohms of resistance, one by one.

到達可變電容器500之電容可沿包括可變電容器500之一或更多個分支510、520、530、540、550、560配置有可選的二元加權電容。TFT 508可用以選擇分支510、520、530、540、550、560中之何一或更多者為浮動，及分支510、520、530、540、550、560中之何一或更多者將像素電極140耦接至地面142。 The capacitance to the variable capacitor 500 can be configured with an optional binary weighted capacitance along one or more of the branches 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560 including the variable capacitor 500. The TFT 508 can be used to select which one or more of the branches 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560 are floating, and which one or more of the branches 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560 will The pixel electrode 140 is coupled to the ground 142.

每一分支510、520、530、540、550、560之總電容是兩組電容器(亦即可變電容器505與固定電容器570)之組合。每一分支510、520、530、540、550、560可具有相同電容範圍或不同電容。例如，分支560可經配置具有最大總電容，分支550經配置具有第二大總電容，以此類推，分支510具有最小總電容。分支560可由六個可切換可變電容器505組成，每一可變電容器具有設定至約3.4pF之電容(對於約20.4pF之總電容)，且每一可變電容器與固定電容器576平行排列，該固定電容器576具有約74pF之電容。此配置為分支560產生16pF之總電容。分支550、540、530、520、510以類似方式建構，及可分別具有8pF、4pF、2pF、1pF，及0.5pF之總電容。具有小於3.4pF之總電容之分支530、520、 510可使用單個MEMS可變電容器505，該可變電容器505與單個固定電容器570並聯或串聯。固定電容器570可經配置以將分支530、520、510之總電容降低至所需值。例如，最小分支510可具有與固定電容器570並聯之單個可變電容器505，該固定電容器具有約0.6pF之電容。由此，當可變電容器505致動(亦即接通)時，最小分支510可具有0.5pF之有效電容。因此，藉由選擇性地在多個分支510、520、530、540、550、560中將可變電容器505接通/關閉，可獲得約0.5pF至約31.5pF之間的總電容。 The total capacitance of each branch 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560 is a combination of two sets of capacitors (i.e., variable capacitor 505 and fixed capacitor 570). Each branch 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560 can have the same capacitance range or a different capacitance. For example, branch 560 can be configured to have a maximum total capacitance, branch 550 is configured to have a second largest total capacitance, and so on, branch 510 has a minimum total capacitance. Branch 560 can be comprised of six switchable variable capacitors 505, each having a capacitance set to about 3.4 pF (for a total capacitance of about 20.4 pF), and each variable capacitor is arranged in parallel with fixed capacitor 576, Fixed capacitor 576 has a capacitance of approximately 74 pF. This configuration produces a total capacitance of 16 pF for branch 560. Branches 550, 540, 530, 520, 510 are constructed in a similar manner and may have a total capacitance of 8 pF, 4 pF, 2 pF, 1 pF, and 0.5 pF, respectively. Branches 530, 520 having a total capacitance of less than 3.4 pF, A single MEMS variable capacitor 505 can be used 510 that is in parallel or in series with a single fixed capacitor 570. Fixed capacitor 570 can be configured to reduce the total capacitance of branches 530, 520, 510 to a desired value. For example, the minimum branch 510 can have a single variable capacitor 505 in parallel with a fixed capacitor 570 having a capacitance of about 0.6 pF. Thus, when the variable capacitor 505 is actuated (ie, turned on), the minimum branch 510 can have an effective capacitance of 0.5 pF. Thus, by selectively turning the variable capacitor 505 on/off in the plurality of branches 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, a total capacitance between about 0.5 pF and about 31.5 pF can be obtained.

或者，固定電容器576可與諸如MEMS可變電容器505之射頻MEMS電容器單元串聯。一或更多個並行電容器可串聯連接至像素電極140。在該種配置中，與在其中電容器576、505並聯置放之配置中相比，電容器576、505可經受更高的電壓。由此，諸如MEMS可變電容器505之射頻MEMS電容器單元的串聯配置可經配置以用於處理高電壓。 Alternatively, fixed capacitor 576 can be in series with a radio frequency MEMS capacitor unit such as MEMS variable capacitor 505. One or more parallel capacitors may be connected in series to the pixel electrode 140. In this configuration, capacitors 576, 505 can withstand higher voltages than in configurations in which capacitors 576, 505 are placed in parallel. Thus, a series configuration of radio frequency MEMS capacitor cells, such as MEMS variable capacitor 505, can be configured for processing high voltages.

第6圖是用於利用像素化靜電夾盤處理基板之方法600之一個實施例的流程圖，該像素化靜電夾盤如上述像素化靜電夾盤及其他組件。方法600始於方塊602，該步驟是向形成於像素化靜電夾盤中之主要電極應用功率。主要電極可為單個電極，或分段為多個區域。像素化靜電夾盤中之主要電極區域可為獨立可控。 Figure 6 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method 600 for processing a substrate using a pixelated electrostatic chuck, such as the pixelated electrostatic chuck and other components described above. The method 600 begins at block 602 by applying power to a primary electrode formed in a pixelated electrostatic chuck. The primary electrode can be a single electrode or segmented into multiple regions. The main electrode area in the pixelated electrostatic chuck can be independently controllable.

在方塊604中，側向分佈在像素化靜電夾盤內之複數個像素電極中之一或更多者選擇性地耦接至地面，從而將該基板有效地夾緊至靜電夾盤表面。每一像素電極與地面之 耦合持續時間及/或工作循環可相對於安置在像素化靜電夾盤內之其他像素電極而經控制，以控制對安置在靜電夾盤上之基板的射頻耦合。在一些實施例中，可順序掃描整個像素化靜電夾盤上每一像素電極與地面之耦合。在其他實施例中，視情況地，除每一像素電極與地面耦合之持續時間及/或工作循環之外，單個像素電極與地面之間的電容亦可相對於安置在像素化靜電夾盤內之其他像素電極之接地路徑而以可控方式經選定。藉由定製像素電極與地面之間的局部電容，可實現對整個基板之處理結果之局部、側向，及/或方位角向調諧。 In block 604, one or more of the plurality of pixel electrodes laterally distributed within the pixelated electrostatic chuck are selectively coupled to the ground to effectively clamp the substrate to the electrostatic chuck surface. Each pixel electrode and the ground The coupling duration and/or duty cycle can be controlled relative to other pixel electrodes disposed within the pixelated electrostatic chuck to control RF coupling to the substrate disposed on the electrostatic chuck. In some embodiments, the coupling of each pixel electrode on the entire pixelated electrostatic chuck to the ground can be sequentially scanned. In other embodiments, the capacitance between a single pixel electrode and the ground may be placed relative to the pixelated electrostatic chuck, except for the duration and/or duty cycle of each pixel electrode coupled to the ground. The ground paths of the other pixel electrodes are selected in a controlled manner. Local, lateral, and/or azimuthal directional tuning of the processing results for the entire substrate can be achieved by customizing the local capacitance between the pixel electrode and the ground.

在方塊606中，基板可在像素化靜電夾盤上經處理。例如，基板可在真空腔室中例如使用電漿處理而經處理。可視情況在處理腔室內存在電漿之情況下執行之真空製程可為蝕刻、化學氣相沉積、物理氣相沉積、離子佈植、電漿處理、退火、氧化物去除、減排(abatement)或其他電漿製程中之一者。可以預期，工件可在其他環境(例如在大氣條件下)中之像素化靜電夾盤的射頻控制表面上進行處理以用於其他應用。在一實施例中，像素化靜電夾盤上之基板經蝕刻以形成10亞奈米之半導體技術節點。 In block 606, the substrate can be processed on a pixelated electrostatic chuck. For example, the substrate can be processed in a vacuum chamber, for example using plasma treatment. The vacuum process performed in the presence of plasma in the processing chamber may be etching, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, ion implantation, plasma treatment, annealing, oxide removal, abatement or One of the other plasma processes. It is contemplated that the workpiece can be processed on a radio frequency control surface of a pixelated electrostatic chuck in other environments (e.g., under atmospheric conditions) for other applications. In one embodiment, the substrate on the pixelated electrostatic chuck is etched to form a semiconductor technology node of 10 nanometers.

視情況地，在方塊606中，在像素化靜電夾盤內側向分佈之複數個像素電極中的一或更多者與地面之間的耦合可回應於製程條件變更或製程配方變更而變更。例如，像素電極中的一或更多者與地面之間的電容可回應於製程條件變更或製程配方變更利用來自像素控制器210之命令而變更。在另一實例中，像素電極中的一或更多者之耦合可回應於製 程條件變更或製程配方變更利用來自像素控制器210之命令而在浮動與接地之間切換。 Optionally, in block 606, the coupling between one or more of the plurality of pixel electrodes distributed inside the pixelated electrostatic chuck and the ground may be altered in response to a change in process conditions or a change in process recipe. For example, the capacitance between one or more of the pixel electrodes and the ground can be changed in response to a change in process conditions or a change in process recipe using commands from pixel controller 210. In another example, the coupling of one or more of the pixel electrodes can be responsive to the system The process condition change or process recipe change utilizes commands from pixel controller 210 to switch between floating and ground.

儘管前述內容係針對本發明之實施方式，但可在不背離本發明之基本範疇之情況下設計本發明之其他及更多實施方式，且本發明之範疇由下文之申請專利範圍決定。 While the foregoing is directed to the embodiments of the present invention, the invention may be embodied in the scope of the invention.

132‧‧‧像素化靜電夾盤 132‧‧‧Pixelated electrostatic chuck

136‧‧‧夾緊電極 136‧‧‧Clamping electrode

136A‧‧‧夾緊電極 136A‧‧‧Clamping electrode

136B‧‧‧夾緊電極 136B‧‧‧Clamping electrode

138‧‧‧夾緊電源 138‧‧‧Clamping power supply

140‧‧‧像素電極 140‧‧‧pixel electrode

140F‧‧‧像素電極 140F‧‧‧pixel electrode

140G‧‧‧像素電極 140G‧‧‧pixel electrode

141F‧‧‧電導線 141F‧‧‧Electrical wire

141G‧‧‧電導線 141G‧‧‧Electrical wire

142‧‧‧地面 142‧‧‧ Ground

210‧‧‧像素控制器 210‧‧‧pixel controller

228‧‧‧圓盤 228‧‧‧ disc

410‧‧‧電容器組 410‧‧‧ capacitor bank

412‧‧‧控制器 412‧‧‧ Controller

440‧‧‧電容器 440‧‧‧ capacitor

440F‧‧‧電容器 440F‧‧‧ capacitor

Claims (20)

一種像素化靜電夾盤(ESC)，包括：一介電體，具有經配置以在其上接受一基板之一工件支撐表面；一或更多個夾緊電極，安置在該像素化靜電夾盤中；及複數個像素電極，可在一浮動狀態與一接地狀態之間切換，該等像素電極具有接地可變電容，或兩者兼有；該等像素電極及該等夾緊電極形成一電路，該電路可操作以將該基板以靜電方式夾緊至該工件支撐表面。 A pixelated electrostatic chuck (ESC) comprising: a dielectric body having a workpiece support surface configured to receive a substrate thereon; one or more clamping electrodes disposed on the pixelated electrostatic chuck And a plurality of pixel electrodes switchable between a floating state and a grounded state, the pixel electrodes having a grounded variable capacitance, or both; the pixel electrodes and the clamping electrodes forming a circuit The circuit is operable to electrostatically clamp the substrate to the workpiece support surface. 如請求項1所述之像素化靜電夾盤，進一步包括：一電容器組，耦接在該等像素電極與地面之間。 The pixelated electrostatic chuck of claim 1, further comprising: a capacitor bank coupled between the pixel electrodes and the ground. 如請求項2所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等電容器中之至少一者為一MEMS電容器。 The pixelated electrostatic chuck of claim 2, wherein at least one of the capacitors is a MEMS capacitor. 如請求項3所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等電容器為約3.2mm x 3.2mm x 0.53mm或更小。 A pixelated electrostatic chuck as claimed in claim 3, wherein the capacitors are about 3.2 mm x 3.2 mm x 0.53 mm or less. 如請求項1所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等夾緊電極排列在一柵格中。 A pixelated electrostatic chuck as claimed in claim 1 wherein the clamping electrodes are arranged in a grid. 如請求項2所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等電容器整合至該主體中。 A pixelated electrostatic chuck as claimed in claim 2, wherein the capacitors are integrated into the body. 如請求項2所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等電容器為射頻可變電容器。 A pixelated electrostatic chuck as claimed in claim 2, wherein the capacitors are radio frequency variable capacitors. 如請求項2所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等電容器在整個該主體具有一電容均勻性，該電容均勻性小於約10%。 A pixelated electrostatic chuck as claimed in claim 2, wherein the capacitors have a uniformity of capacitance throughout the body, the capacitance uniformity being less than about 10%. 如請求項2所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等電容器安置在該像素化靜電夾盤中。 A pixelated electrostatic chuck as claimed in claim 2, wherein the capacitors are disposed in the pixelated electrostatic chuck. 如請求項1所述之像素化靜電夾盤，其中該等像素電極中之至少一者與地面之間的該電容為約20pF。 The pixelated electrostatic chuck of claim 1, wherein the capacitance between at least one of the pixel electrodes and the ground is about 20 pF. 一種處理腔室，包括：腔室主體；一像素化靜電夾盤(ESC)，安置在該腔室主體中，該像素化靜電夾盤包括：一介電體，具有經配置以在其上接受一基板之一工件支撐表面；一或更多個夾緊電極，安置於該像素化靜電夾盤中；及複數個像素電極，可在一浮動狀態與一接地狀態之間切換，該等像素電極具有接地可變電容，或兩者兼有；該 等像素電極及該等夾緊電極形成一電路，該電路可操作以將該基板以靜電方式夾緊至該工件支撐表面。 A processing chamber includes: a chamber body; a pixelated electrostatic chuck (ESC) disposed in the chamber body, the pixelated electrostatic chuck comprising: a dielectric body configured to receive thereon a workpiece supporting surface of a substrate; one or more clamping electrodes disposed in the pixelated electrostatic chuck; and a plurality of pixel electrodes switchable between a floating state and a grounded state, the pixel electrodes Having a grounded variable capacitor, or both; The pixel electrodes and the clamping electrodes form a circuit operable to electrostatically clamp the substrate to the workpiece support surface. 如請求項11所述之處理腔室，進一步包括：一電容器組，耦接在該等像素電極與地面之間。 The processing chamber of claim 11, further comprising: a capacitor bank coupled between the pixel electrodes and the ground. 如請求項12所述之處理腔室，其中該等電容器中之至少一者為一MEMS電容器。 The processing chamber of claim 12, wherein at least one of the capacitors is a MEMS capacitor. 如請求項11所述之處理腔室，其中該處理腔室為一蝕刻腔室、一沉積腔室，或一離子佈植腔室。 The processing chamber of claim 11, wherein the processing chamber is an etch chamber, a deposition chamber, or an ion implantation chamber. 如請求項11所述之處理腔室，其中該等夾緊電極排列在一柵格中。 The processing chamber of claim 11 wherein the clamping electrodes are arranged in a grid. 如請求項12所述之處理腔室，其中該等電容器為射頻可變電容器。 The processing chamber of claim 12, wherein the capacitors are radio frequency variable capacitors. 一種用於處理一基板之方法，包括以下步驟：向形成於一像素化靜電夾盤中之一主要夾緊電極施加功率；將側向分佈在該像素化靜電夾盤內之複數個像素電極中之一或更多者選擇性地耦合接地，以將一基板緊固至該像素化靜電夾盤；及 在該像素化靜電夾盤上處理該基板。 A method for processing a substrate, comprising the steps of: applying power to a primary clamping electrode formed in a pixelated electrostatic chuck; laterally distributing among a plurality of pixel electrodes in the pixelated electrostatic chuck One or more are selectively coupled to ground to secure a substrate to the pixelated electrostatic chuck; and The substrate is processed on the pixelated electrostatic chuck. 如請求項17所述之方法，進一步包括以下步驟：相對於安置在該像素化靜電夾盤內之其他該等像素電極控制每一像素電極與地面耦合之一持續時間及一工作循環中之至少一者。 The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of controlling each pixel electrode to be coupled to the ground for a duration and at least one of a duty cycle with respect to the other of the pixel electrodes disposed within the pixelated electrostatic chuck One. 如請求項17所述之方法，進一步包括以下步驟：相對於安置在該像素化靜電夾盤內之其他該等像素電極控制至少一個像素電極與地面之間的一電容。 The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of controlling a capacitance between the at least one pixel electrode and the ground relative to the other of the pixel electrodes disposed within the pixelated electrostatic chuck. 如請求項17所述之方法，進一步包括以下步驟：回應於一製程條件變更或一製程配方變更，對在該像素化靜電夾盤內側向分佈之該複數個像素電極中之一或更多者與地面之間的一耦合進行變更。 The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of: responding to one of the process condition changes or a process recipe change to one or more of the plurality of pixel electrodes distributed inside the pixelated electrostatic chuck A coupling with the ground changes.
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