TW201532077A - 導電漿及使用其製造太陽能電池之方法 - Google Patents
導電漿及使用其製造太陽能電池之方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201532077A TW201532077A TW104113339A TW104113339A TW201532077A TW 201532077 A TW201532077 A TW 201532077A TW 104113339 A TW104113339 A TW 104113339A TW 104113339 A TW104113339 A TW 104113339A TW 201532077 A TW201532077 A TW 201532077A
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- glass frit
- conductive paste
- oxide
- type
- germanium
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 anthracene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ga]O[Ga]=O QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940119177 germanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCO HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEOUIRVJRXECRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O KEOUIRVJRXECRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNMYXGKEMMVHOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC BNMYXGKEMMVHOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSCIDASGDAWVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC FSCIDASGDAWVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012533 medium component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag].[Ag] VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracaine Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)C=C1 GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002372 tetracaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/122—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing oxides of As, Sb, Bi, Mo, W, V, Te as glass formers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
- C03C3/17—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus containing aluminium or beryllium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/08—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種導電漿及使用其製造太陽能電池之方法，其中該導電漿係至少包含銀粉及複合玻璃熔塊，該複合玻璃熔塊係包含第一類子玻璃熔塊及第二類子玻璃熔塊，該第一類子玻璃熔塊係包含鉛氧化合物及矽氧化合物，該第二類子玻璃熔塊係包含碲氧化合物及鋅氧化合物，該第一類子玻璃熔塊與該第二類子玻璃熔塊之重量百分比為93：7~44：56。
Description
本發明係關於一種導電漿及使用其製造太陽能電池之方法，尤其係指一種能夠提升太陽能電池之轉換效率的導電漿及使用其製造太陽能電池之方法。
導電漿對於現今電子產品而言實為一種不可缺少之產品，舉凡太陽能電池、玻璃燈板、平面顯示器等之製造均需使用到導電漿，因此如何能達到良好電能傳輸及減少功率傳輸損耗便是導電漿優良與否之判斷依據。
以太陽能電池之製造而言，導電漿為結晶矽太陽能電池的主要材料，在太陽能電池以網印生產的過程中，一般漿料網印順序要先印刷銀鋁漿、乾燥，再印刷鋁漿、乾燥，最後印刷銀漿、再乾燥，之後再進入共燒的流程。銀漿主要係用來當做太陽能電池的正面電極；鋁漿則作為背面電極與電場增加電池轉換效率，而銀鋁漿則應用於太陽能電池背面作為模組串連之導線。
在太陽能電池之製造上，如何提供太陽能電池之正面銀電極在燒結後能有良好之歐姆接觸(Ohmic Contact)、較高之填充因子(Fill Factor,F.F.)與轉換效率(conversion efficiency,Eff%)之導電漿乃是業界極欲解決之課題。
為了解決上述課題，本案申請人曾提出台灣發明第102105109號「用於提昇太陽能電池轉換效率之導電漿」之專利申請案，其揭露技術中雖提及使用兩類之玻璃熔塊來構成複合玻璃熔塊，但其中卻未針對該兩類玻璃熔塊之間的比例成分加以定義，另外，所獲得之導電漿的轉換效率仍有改善之空間。
本發明人有鑑於此，便基於上述之發明申請案積極著手從事改良，並經由不斷試驗，終於研發出本發明。
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種能夠提升太陽能電池之轉換效率的導電漿及使用其製造太陽能電池之方法。
為了達成上述發明目的，本發明係採取以下之技術手段予以完成。
本發明提供一種導電漿，係至少包含銀粉；複合玻璃熔塊，所述複合玻璃熔塊係包含第一類子玻璃熔塊及第二類子玻璃熔塊，所述第一類子玻璃熔塊係包含鉛氧化合物及矽氧化合物，所述第二類子玻璃熔塊係包含碲氧化合物及鋅氧化合物，所述第一類子玻璃熔塊與所述第二類子玻璃熔塊於所述複合玻璃熔塊中所佔之重量百分比為93：7~44：56；及有機載體。
於所述第一類子玻璃熔塊中，所述鉛氧化合物所佔之重量百分比為40~74，所述矽氧化合物之重量百分比為1~15；於所述第二類子玻璃熔塊中，所述碲氧化合物之重量百分比為55~85，鋅氧化合物之重量百分比為10~40。
較佳地，所述第一類子玻璃熔塊更包含至少一種以下之元素或其氧化物：錫(Sn)、磷(P)、鉍(Bi)、碲(Te)、氟(F)、鋰(Li)、鋇(Ba)、鋁(Al)、鎂(Mg)、鈦(Ti)、鋯(Zr)、釩(V)、硒(Se)、鉬(Mo)、鎢(W)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、鉺(Er)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鈮(Nb)、釤(Sm)及鑭(La)。
較佳地，所述第二類子玻璃熔塊更包含至少一種以下之元素或其氧化物：錫(Sn)、磷(P)、鋇(Ba)、鋁(Al)、鎂(Mg)、矽(Si)、鉛(Pb)、鈦(Ti)、鋯(Zr)、釩(V)、硒(Se)、銀(Ag)、鉺(Er)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鈮(Nb)、鉍(Bi)、氟(F)及鋰(Li)。
較佳地，所述第一類子玻璃熔塊之所述鉛氧化合物為氧化鉛(PbO)，所述矽氧化合物為二氧化矽(SiO2)；所述第二類子玻璃熔塊之所述碲氧化合物為二氧化碲(TeO2)，所述鋅氧化合物為氧化鋅(ZnO)。
較佳地，本發明之導電漿更包含添加劑。
較佳地，所述添加劑係選自下列所構成之群組：氧化鋯、五氧化二釩、氧化銀、三氧化二鉺、氧化錫、氧化鎂、三氧化二釹、二氧化鈦、二氧化硒、三氧化二鉻、五氧化二磷、三氧化鎢、三氧化二鉍、二氧化錳、氧化
鎳、三氧化二釤、二氧化鍺、氟化鋅、三氧化二銦、三氧化二鎵及其衍生物。
本發明另提供一種使用所述導電漿製造太陽能電池之方法，其中所述導電漿係用以形成太陽能電池基板之正面電極。
藉由本發明上述之構成，便能一種提供較以往之導電漿具有更優異之轉換效率的導電漿。
又，以本發明導電漿所製作之太陽能電池，便能擁有更優異之光電轉換效率。
本發明所提供之導電漿係用以提升太陽能電池之光電轉換效率，可用以形成太陽能電池基板之正面電極(即受光面)。本發明之導電漿能在低溫下進行燒結，使得所製作之太陽能電池能具備有優異之光電轉換效率。
本發明之導電漿係至少包含銀粉；複合玻璃熔塊，所述複合玻璃熔塊係包含第一類子玻璃熔塊及第二類子玻璃熔塊，所述第一類子玻璃熔塊係包含鉛氧化合物及矽氧化合物，所述第二類子玻璃熔塊係包含碲氧化合物及鋅氧化合物，所述第一類子玻璃熔塊與所述第二類子玻璃熔塊於所述複合玻璃熔塊中所佔之重量百分比為93：7~44：56；及有機載體。
於所述第一類子玻璃熔塊中，所述鉛氧化合物所佔之重量百分比為40~74，所述矽氧化合物所佔之重量百分比為1~15；於所述第二類子玻璃熔塊中，所述碲氧化合物所佔之重量百分比為55~85，所述鋅氧化合物所佔之重量百分比為10~40。
其中，所述第一類子玻璃熔塊更包含至少一種以下之元素或其氧化物：錫(Sn)、磷(P)、鉍(Bi)、碲(Te)、氟(F)、鋰(Li)、鋇(Ba)、鋁(Al)、鎂(Mg)、鈦(Ti)、鋯(Zr)、釩(V)、硒(Se)、鉬(Mo)、鎢(W)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、鉺(Er)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鈮(Nb)、釤(Sm)及鑭(La)。
又，所述第二類子玻璃熔塊更包含至少一種以下之元素或其氧化物：錫(Sn)、磷(P)、鋇(Ba)、鋁(Al)、鎂(Mg)、矽(Si)、鉛(Pb)、鈦(Ti)、鋯(Zr)、釩(V)、硒(Se)、銀(Ag)、鉺(Er)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鈮(Nb)、鉍(Bi)、氟(F)及鋰(Li)。
又，於一實施例中，於第一類子玻璃熔塊中之鉛氧化合物為氧化鉛(PbO)，矽氧化物為二氧化矽(SiO2)；第二類子玻璃熔塊中之碲氧化合物為二氧化碲(TeO2)，鋅氧化合物為氧化鋅(ZnO)。
再者，本發明之導電漿更包含添加劑。
另外，添加劑係選自下列所構成之群組：氧化鋯、五氧化二釩、氧化銀、三氧化二鉺、氧化錫、氧化鎂、三氧化二釹、二氧化鈦、二氧化硒、三氧化二鉻、五氧化二磷、三氧化鎢、三氧化二鉍、二氧化錳、氧化鎳、三氧化二釤、二氧化鍺、氟化鋅、三氧化二銦、三氧化二鎵及其衍生物。
實施例
以下便就本發明之實施例具有較以往導電漿更優異之光電轉換效率之實施形態來加以說明。
複合玻璃熔塊製備
1.第一類子玻璃熔塊之製備
第一類子玻璃熔塊主要係包含鉛氧化合物及矽氧化合物，以下述表一之成分比例製作第一類子玻璃熔塊試料。
由上表一可知，第一類子玻璃熔塊試料之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)與玻璃軟化溫度(Ts)之範圍分別為357℃~391℃及371℃~421℃。
2.第二類子玻璃熔塊之製備
第二類子玻璃熔塊主要係包含碲氧化合物及鋅氧化合物，以下述表二之成分比例製作第二類子玻璃熔塊試料。
由上表二可知，第二類子玻璃熔塊試料之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)與玻璃軟化溫度(Ts)之範圍分別為323℃~380℃及338℃~400℃。
比較例之導電漿(單一玻璃熔塊成分)製備
僅以上述第一類子玻璃熔塊(A1~A7)或第二類子玻璃熔塊(B1~B7)單獨使用以製作導電漿，經測試比較例導電漿之性質，即開路電壓(Voc)、短路電流(Isc)、串聯電阻(Rs)、填充因子(FF)及轉換效率(NCell)如下表三及表四。
由表三及表四可知，單一成分之玻璃熔塊所製成之導電漿，其轉換效率(NCell)普遍落在15.29%~16.63%。
實施例之導電漿(複合玻璃熔塊成分)製備
使用上述表一及表二所列之子玻璃熔塊，以900℃進行燒結成複合熔塊後製成導電漿，並測試其性質。本實驗中，係採用A3及B3成分之子玻璃熔塊，並以重量比例A3：B3=2g~4.5g：0g~2.5g之配比來製作實驗組及單一成分玻璃熔塊之對照組，將其測試結果列於表五。
由表五可知，含複合玻璃塊之導電漿的轉換效率普遍在17%以上，其中，又以實驗組3所獲得之電性特性及轉換效率較佳。
複合玻璃熔塊中各成分對導電漿性質表現之影響
採用上述實驗組3之重量比例，即A：B=3.6g：0.9g，固定採用表一所列之A3玻璃熔塊成分，搭配使用表二中之B1~B7玻璃熔塊以製作複合玻璃熔塊，燒結溫度為900℃，測試其性質表現，並將其結果列於表六。
採用上述實驗組3之重量比例，即A：B=3.6g：0.9g，固定採用表二所列之B3玻璃熔塊成分，搭配使用表一中之A1~A7玻璃以製作複合玻璃熔塊，燒結溫度為900℃，測試其性質表現，並將其結果列於表七。
由上述表六及表七可知，本發明之導電漿因含有複合玻璃熔塊，因此其轉換效率普遍落在17.08%~17.64%，相較於單一成分玻璃熔塊之導電漿，其轉換效率可提升約1%左右。
導電漿之製備程序
以單一玻璃熔塊A3為例，係先將86wt%銀粉、4.5wt%玻璃熔塊加到含有9.5wt%有機載體中混合成導電漿。又，例如複合玻璃熔塊(A+B)之混合配比方式，可如表一與表二中之A3及B3，即包含鉛氧化合物及矽氧化合物的第一類子玻璃熔塊A3與包含碲氧化合物及鋅氧化合物的第二類子玻璃熔塊B3來製作導電漿。
以實驗組3為例，係將86wt%銀粉、A3成分重量及B3成分重量分別為3.6g及0.9g，總重量為4.5g，佔比為4.5wt%之玻璃熔塊加到含有9.5wt%有機載體中，再用混合器(mixer)進行脫泡預混合。
該兩種玻璃熔塊重量比例可為例如A3為2g至4.5g比B3為0g至2.5g。或者，將表一中之A3玻璃熔塊重量固定在3.6g，再搭配表二中固定重量為0.9g之B1~B7玻璃熔塊來製作導電漿。
或者，將表二中之B3玻璃熔塊重量固定在3.6g，再搭配表一中固定量為0.9g之A1~A7玻璃熔塊來製作導電漿。
其中，銀粉可為金屬銀、銀衍生物或其混合物之形式。例示性之衍生物包括：銀之合金、氧化銀(Ag2O)、銀鹽，諸如AgCl、AgNO3、AgOOCCH3(醋酸銀)、AgOOCF3(三氟醋酸銀)或正磷酸銀，例如Ag3PO4。亦可使用相容於其他厚膜膏成分之其他形式的銀。
適合的有機載體具備可提供穩定之固體分散性、適合網印之黏度及搖變性、適當之基材及膏固體可濕性、優良之乾燥速率以及優良之燒製性質的流變特性。該有機載體可包括增稠劑、安定劑、表面活性劑及/或其他常見的添加劑。該有機載體可為一種聚合物溶於溶劑中的溶液。適合的聚合物包括乙基纖維素、乙基羥乙基纖維素、木松香、乙基纖維素及苯酚樹脂之混合物、低級醇之聚甲基丙烯酸酯以及乙二醇單乙酸酯之單丁醚。適合的溶劑包括萜類，例如阿伐或貝他萜品醇或其混合物與其他溶劑，例如煤油、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、丁卡必醇、丁卡必醇乙酸酯、伸己甘醇及沸點在150℃以上的醇類，以及醇酯。其他適合的有機介質成分包括：己二酸雙(2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酯(bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl adipate)、二元酯，例如DBE、DBE-2、DBE-3、DBE-4、DBE-5、DBE-6、DBE-9及DBE 1B、環氧妥爾酸辛酯(octyl epoxy tallate)、異十四醇以及氫化松香之季戊四醇酯。該有機載體亦可包括揮發性液體，以促進將該厚膜膏組成物施用在基材上後的快速硬化。值得注意的是，所述玻璃熔塊中的氧化物並不以例示為限。含鉛氧化物例如可以為四氧化三鉛(Pb3O4)等。
預混完成後，包含銀粉、玻璃熔塊、有機載體以及添加劑之混合物會使用三滾筒捏合機(three-roll mill)幫助分散研磨均勻，混合後所得到之糊狀或膏狀物即為導電銀漿。
另外，本發明導電漿在製備中，有機載體例如係將5~25克重之乙基纖維素(EC)溶於5~75克重之有機溶劑中。在導電漿之製備上，除了上述複合玻璃熔塊之製備外，可以下述方式製備本發明之導電漿。亦即，例如取70~95
克重之銀粉(粒徑分布在0.1~10.0μm之間)、10~30克重之有機載體及1~10克重之複合玻璃熔塊，以混筒機將其混合分散均勻，即可獲得本發明之導電漿。
綜上所述，由於本發明係藉由具有上述成分比例之玻璃熔塊以構成複合玻璃熔塊來混合分散於導電漿中，因此所獲得之導電漿可以獲得優異之轉換效率，相較於既有單一玻璃熔塊成分之導電漿可提升1%左右之轉換效率，從而能夠提升使用本發明導電漿所製作的太陽能電池之光電轉換效率。
Claims (8)
- 一種導電漿，係至少包含：銀粉；複合玻璃熔塊，該複合玻璃熔塊係包含第一類子玻璃熔塊及第二類子玻璃熔塊，該第一類子玻璃熔塊係包含鉛氧化合物及矽氧化合物，該第二類子玻璃熔塊係包含碲氧化合物及鋅氧化合物，該第一類子玻璃熔塊與該第二類子玻璃熔塊之重量百分比為93：7~44：56；及有機載體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之導電漿，其中該第一類子玻璃熔塊中，鉛氧化合物之重量百分比為40~74，該矽氧化合物之重量百分比為1~15；該第二類子玻璃熔塊中，碲氧化合物之重量百分比為55~85，鋅氧化合物之重量百分比為10~40。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之導電漿，其中該第一類子玻璃熔塊更包含至少一種以下之元素或其氧化物：錫(Sn)、磷(P)、鉍(Bi)、碲(Te)、氟(F)、鋰(Li)、鋇(Ba)、鋁(Al)、鎂(Mg)、鈦(Ti)、鋯(Zr)、釩(V)、硒(Se)、鉬(Mo)、鎢(W)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、鉺(Er)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鈮(Nb)、釤(Sm)及鑭(La)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之導電漿，其中該第二類子玻璃熔塊更包含至少一種以下之元素或其氧化物：錫(Sn)、磷(P)、鋇(Ba)、鋁(Al)、鎂(Mg)、矽(Si)、鉛(Pb)、鈦(Ti)、鋯(Zr)、釩(V)、硒(Se)、銀(Ag)、鉺(Er)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鈮(Nb)、鉍(Bi)、氟(F)及鋰(Li)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之導電漿，其中該第一類子玻璃熔塊之該鉛氧化合物為氧化鉛(PbO)，該矽氧化合物為二氧化矽(SiO2)；該第二類子玻璃熔塊之該碲氧化合物為二氧化碲(TeO2)，該鋅氧化合物為氧化鋅(ZnO)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之導電漿，其更包含添加劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之導電漿，其中該添加劑係選自下列所構成之群組：氧化鋯、五氧化二釩、氧化銀、三氧化二鉺、氧化錫、氧化鎂、三氧化二釹、二氧化鈦、二氧化硒、三氧化二鉻、五氧化二磷、三氧化鎢、三氧化二鉍、二氧化錳、氧化鎳、三氧化二釤、二氧化鍺、氟化鋅、三氧化二銦、三氧化二鎵及其衍生物。
- 一種製造太陽能電池之方法，其係使用如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之導電漿來形成太陽能電池基板之正面電極。
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| US9705014B2 (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2017-07-11 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Method of forming electrode, electrode manufactured therefrom and solar cell |
| TWI687941B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-03-11 | 磐采股份有限公司 | 導電膠及應用該導電膠之太陽能電池 |
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| KR102052201B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-11 | 2019-12-04 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
| CN107879635B (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2021-05-04 | 无锡帝科电子材料股份有限公司 | 用于制备太阳能电池电极的玻璃粉料、包括其的糊剂组合物、太阳能电池电极及太阳能电池 |
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| WO2020238367A1 (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 一种导电性浆料及由其制备的太阳能电池及制造方法 |
| CN111902881B (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-03-18 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 一种导电性浆料及由其制备的太阳能电池及制造方法 |
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| CN112830682B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-14 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池导电浆料用玻璃料及其制备方法与应用 |
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| TWI687941B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-03-11 | 磐采股份有限公司 | 導電膠及應用該導電膠之太陽能電池 |
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