TW201521161A - 安裝裝置及安裝方法 - Google Patents

安裝裝置及安裝方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201521161A
TW201521161A TW103132850A TW103132850A TW201521161A TW 201521161 A TW201521161 A TW 201521161A TW 103132850 A TW103132850 A TW 103132850A TW 103132850 A TW103132850 A TW 103132850A TW 201521161 A TW201521161 A TW 201521161A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
heating member
temperature
wiring substrate
function
set temperature
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TW103132850A
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English (en)
Inventor
Koji Nishimura
Katsumi Terada
Yuki Mashimo
Mikio Kawakami
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Toray Eng Co Ltd
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Application filed by Toray Eng Co Ltd filed Critical Toray Eng Co Ltd
Publication of TW201521161A publication Critical patent/TW201521161A/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
    • B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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Abstract

本發明提供一種可比較容易地求出於接合時用以獲得所需之接合溫度分佈之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈，且接合品質無機差之安裝裝置及安裝方法。具體而言，提供如下安裝裝置及安裝方法，該安裝裝置包括：平台，其以將半導體晶片加熱壓接而接合於配線基板之安裝保持配線基板；熱壓接工具，其將半導體晶片按壓於配線基板；加熱構件，其對熱壓接工具進行加熱；及控制構件，其具有以任意之設定溫度分佈使上述加熱構件運轉之功能；且上述控制構件包含如下功能：藉由獲得表示上述加熱構件之設定溫度與接合部溫度之關係之傳遞函數，而求出用以將接合部溫度設為所需之分佈之上述加熱構件之設定溫度分佈。

Description

安裝裝置及安裝方法
本發明係關於一種將半導體晶片加熱壓接而接合於配線基板之安裝裝置及安裝方法。
作為將半導體晶片接合於配線基板之安裝方法，自先前已知有如下方法：於半導體晶片或配線基板中之至少一者塗佈焊料或形成焊料凸塊，並將半導體晶片加熱壓接而接合於配線基板。
該安裝方法係於如圖9所示之安裝裝置100中，於將吸附保持於熱壓接工具104之半導體晶片102與被保持於平台107之配線基板103以2視野辨識構件108確認相對位置而進行對位後，使熱壓接工具104下降，而使半導體102壓力熔接於配線基板103，並且使加熱構件105運轉特定時間，藉由熱壓接工具之加熱使焊料熔融。於焊料熔融後停止加熱構件105之運轉，藉此使熱壓接工具降溫，結束接合之熱壓接過程。此處，為了獲得良好之接合品質，較理想為將熱壓接過程中之接合部溫度之經時變化圖案(以下，稱為接合溫度分佈)設為特定之分佈。
尤其是近來，使用無鉛焊料之安裝、以窄間距密集有多凸塊之半導體晶片之安裝、或半導體晶片對預先塗佈有熱固性樹脂之配線基板之安裝等要求接合溫度之製程範圍狹小、且進行嚴格之溫度管理之製程之實用化不斷進展。即，由於無鉛焊料與含鉛焊料相比熔融溫度變高，多凸塊且窄間距因過度升溫而導致之焊料之爆沸成為問題，且 於預先在配線基板塗佈有熱固性樹脂之情形時，焊料熔融與樹脂固化之時序偏差成為問題，故而必須使接合溫度之製程範圍變狹小，並進行嚴格之溫度控制。
又，作為將半導體晶片熱壓接於配線基板之方法，除逐片加熱、壓接半導體晶片之方法以外，亦已知有對暫時置於(隔著熱固性樹脂之情形時以較固化溫度低之溫度進行預壓接)配線基板之複數個半導體晶片總括地進行熱壓接(以下，稱為正式壓接)之方法(圖10)，亦預測此種正式壓接會於熱壓接工具204之壓接面內產生溫度不均，從而必須進行嚴格之溫度控制。
先前技術文獻 專利文獻
專利文獻1：日本專利特開平11-121508號公報
專利文獻2：日本專利特開2000-156560號公報
此外，由於在進行接合部之溫度控制時，熱傳遞需要時間，故而相對於加熱構件之設定溫度之變化，於接合部溫度之變化中產生時間延遲。此處，只要將加熱構件之設定溫度之變化緩和為可忽視該時間延遲之程度，則不存在問題，亦可藉由如專利文獻1記載之PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation，比例積分微分)控制而控制接合部溫度。然而，由於伴隨近來之多凸塊化之凸塊小徑化等之原因，加熱壓接所需要之適當時間變短。因此，相對於加熱構件之設定溫度之變化，接合部溫度之變化中時間延遲變得無法忽視，變得不適合PID控制。
因此，使用有稱為預先設定如成為所需之接合溫度分佈般之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈之方法(專利文獻2)。作為設定如成為所需之 接合溫度分佈般之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈之方法，一面使加熱構件之設定溫度分佈發生各種變化，一面評估接合品質，並以試誤法搜尋可獲得良好之接合品質之條件。於此情形時，於可獲得良好之接合品質之條件下，即便變為所需之接合溫度分佈，亦未必清楚其接合溫度分佈。因此，亦有於不進行接合溫度分佈之測定之情況下，使加熱構件之設定溫度分佈發生各種變化而評估接合品質之情形。
如此，存在如下情況：於將加熱構件之設定溫度分佈設為製程條件之情形時，於將適於某安裝裝置之製程條件應用於其他安裝裝置之情形時，儘管使用相同規格之晶片零件與基板，但仍會產生接合不良。又，亦存在如下情況：即便為相同之安裝裝置，但由於長期使用，而使最初之製程條件變得不合適。
產生此種現象之原因係：即便加熱構件之設定溫度分佈相同，但只要裝置或使用狀況不同，則接合溫度分佈亦未必相同。認為其原因係每個裝置之加熱構件或安裝裝置構成零件之散熱性等特性不同，或發生經時變化。
作為其對策，雖有稱為利用試誤法定期地求出每個安裝裝置之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈之方法，但人力上耗費較多之工時，並且安裝裝置之運轉率亦下降，故而欠佳。
因此，本發明之課題在於提供一種可比較容易地求出於接合時用以獲得所需之接合溫度分佈之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈，且接合品質無機差之安裝裝置及安裝方法。
為了解決上述問題，技術方案1之發明係一種安裝裝置，其特徵在於：其係將半導體晶片加熱壓接而接合於配線基板者，且包括：平台，其保持配線基板；熱壓接工具，其將半導體晶片按壓於配線基板；加熱構件，其對熱壓接工具進行加熱；及控制構件，其具 有以任意之設定溫度分佈使上述加熱構件運轉之功能；且上述控制構件具有如下功能：藉由獲得表示上述加熱構件之設定溫度與接合部溫度之關係之傳遞函數，而求出用以將接合部溫度設為所需之分佈之上述加熱構件之設定溫度分佈。
技術方案2之發明係如技術方案1之安裝裝置，其特徵在於：進而包括溫度感測器，該溫度感測器具有測定接合部附近之溫度之功能；且上述控制構件具有如下功能：輸入上述溫度感測器之輸出信號並按時間序列加以記憶；及於在被保持於上述平台之配線基板重疊有半導體晶片之狀態下，以特定之設定溫度分佈使上述加熱構件運轉，並自上述溫度感測器之輸出信號之分佈求出上述傳遞函數。
技術方案3之發明係一種安裝方法，其特徵在於：其係將半導體晶片加熱壓接而接合於配線基板者，且使用如下安裝裝置，該安裝裝置包括：平台，其保持配線基板；熱壓接工具，其將半導體晶片按壓於配線基板；加熱構件，其對熱壓接工具進行加熱；及溫度感測器，其具有測定接合部附近之溫度之功能；且於在被保持於上述平台之配線基板重疊有半導體晶片之狀態下，自以特定之設定溫度分佈使上述加熱構件運轉時之上述溫度感測器之輸出信號之分佈，求出表示上述加熱構件之設定溫度與接合部溫度之關係之傳遞函數，並自上述傳遞函數，於在被保持於上述平台之配線基板重疊有半導體晶片之狀態下，求出用以將接合部溫度設為所需之分佈之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈。
根據本發明而提供一種可比較容易地求出於接合時用以獲得所需之接合溫度分佈之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈，且接合品質無機差之 安裝裝置及安裝方法。
1‧‧‧安裝裝置
2‧‧‧半導體晶片
3‧‧‧配線基板
4‧‧‧熱壓接工具
5‧‧‧加熱構件
6‧‧‧驅動機構
7‧‧‧平台
10‧‧‧控制構件
11‧‧‧溫度感測器
21‧‧‧凸塊電極
31‧‧‧焊料電極
100‧‧‧安裝裝置
102‧‧‧半導體晶片
103‧‧‧配線基板
104‧‧‧熱壓接工具
105‧‧‧加熱構件
107‧‧‧平台
108‧‧‧2視野辨識構件
204‧‧‧熱壓接工具
h‧‧‧函數
hi‧‧‧反函數
H(s)‧‧‧傳遞函數
Hi(s)‧‧‧反傳遞函數
K、τ‧‧‧參數
t1、t2、t3、t4、t5‧‧‧時間
T0、T1、T2、T3、T4、T5‧‧‧溫度
圖1係表示本發明之一實施形態之安裝裝置之構成之圖。
圖2係說明本發明之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈與接合溫度分佈之關係之圖。
圖3係以函數與反函數之關係表示本發明之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈與接合溫度分佈之關係之圖。
圖4係說明本發明之自反函數求出加熱構件之設定溫度分佈之圖。
圖5係本發明之將加熱構件之設定溫度設為特定之分佈之例(步進函數)。
圖6係表示本發明之於加熱構件之設定溫度分佈為步進函數時之接合溫度分佈之圖。
圖7係以傳遞函數表示本發明之加熱構件之設定溫度與接合溫度之關係之圖。
圖8係表示本發明之自差分方程式求出加熱構件之設定分佈之過程之圖。
圖9(a)~(d)係表示利用安裝裝置將半導體晶片與配線基板接合之步驟之一例之圖。
圖10(a)、(b)係表示對暫時置於配線基板上之複數個半導體晶片總括地進行熱壓接之步驟之圖。
使用圖式對本發明之實施形態進行說明。
圖1係用以說明本發明之一實施形態之圖，安裝裝置1係將半導體晶片2之凸塊電極21、與配線基板3之焊料電極31接合，而將半導體晶片2安裝於配線基板3之裝置。安裝裝置1以如下元件作為基本構成 元件：熱壓接工具4，其具有吸附保持半導體晶片2之功能；加熱構件5，其具有對熱壓接工具4進行加熱之功能；驅動裝置6，其具有使熱壓接工具4升降之功能；平台7，其具有保持配線基板3之功能；及控制構件10，其控制熱壓接工具4、加熱構件5、驅動裝置6及平台7之功能。安裝裝置1進而亦配置有用以測定接合部溫度或接合部附近之溫度之溫度感測器11。圖1中，溫度感測器11被置於接近平台7表面，但並不限定於此，例如只要能組裝入虛設晶片，則可獲得極其接近於實際之接合部溫度之值。又，圖1中表示半導體晶片2與配線基板3之對位完成後之狀態，但於進行對位時，如圖9(a)般可使用2視野辨識構件。
控制構件10具有如下功能：進行機械控制，如：有無利用熱壓接工具4吸附半導體晶片2，驅動構件6之上下位置及加壓力，有無利用平台7保持配線基板3，及平台7於XY面內之移動與旋轉；將加熱構件之設定溫度設為任意之分佈，並使加熱構件運轉之加熱控制功能；輸入溫度感測器11之輸出信號或2視野辨識構件之圖像資料之輸入功能；進行各種運算之運算功能；及保存輸入資料等資料或運算程式之記憶功能。
該安裝裝置1係於進行半導體晶片2與配線基板3之對位後，根據來自控制構件10之指令，使吸附保持半導體晶片2之熱壓接工具4下降以使凸塊電極21與焊料電極31接近，並於凸塊電極21接觸於焊料電極31之階段，藉由加熱構件5而將熱壓接工具4加熱至特定之溫度。藉由在半導體晶片2中傳遞之熱，凸塊電極21與焊料電極31之接觸部被加熱，焊料電極31熔融。於特定時間後，控制構件10將加熱構件5設為斷開而結束加熱，完成接合。再者，於在配線基板3預先塗佈有熱固性樹脂之情形時，亦有於凸塊電極21接觸於熱固性樹脂之階段，使加熱構件5運轉之情形。總之，於在配線基板3重疊有半導體晶片2之狀 態下形成接合部，並開始加熱接合部。
以下，對於使用該安裝裝置1將半導體晶片2安裝於配線基板3時，獲得用以設為所需之接合溫度分佈之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈之方法進行說明。圖2係表示接合溫度分佈、與加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈之關係之一例。圖2中，u(t)係表示加熱構件之設定溫度分佈之函數，y(t)係表示接合溫度分佈之函數。又，若以函數h表示加熱構件之設定溫度與接合部溫度之關係，則可表示為y(t)=h(u(t)) (1)。
此處，若將所需之接合溫度分佈設為ro(t)，將加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈設為u(t)=ro(t)，則如圖2所示，實際之接合溫度分佈y(t)與ro(t)不同(於圖2之右側，虛線為ro(t)，實線為y(t))。通常，有產生時間延遲，穩定狀態之溫度變低之傾向。關於存在此種傾向，如發明所欲解決之問題所述般，且亦如上所述，先前以試誤求出如接合溫度分佈y(t)成為所需之分佈ro(t)之設定溫度分佈u(t)。
本發明中，藉由求出函數h之反函數、即使式u(t)=hi(y(t)) (2)
成立之反函數hi，而欲導出可獲得所需之接合溫度分佈之加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈。函數h與反函數hi之關係係如圖3所示，反函數hi係將接合溫度分佈y(t)作為輸入，而導出加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈u(t)者。因此，如圖4所示，只要使用所需之分佈ro(t)作為接合溫度分佈u(t)，，則可導出成為所需之接合溫度分佈之設定溫度分佈。
因此，必須求出函數hi為何種函數，將用於求出函數hi之方法記述於以下。即，使用如下方法：(Step1)求出表示加熱構件2之設定溫度、與接合部溫度之關係之傳遞函數，(Step2)自傳遞函數求出反傳遞函數，(Step)將包含反傳遞函數之式進行拉普拉斯逆轉換而獲得hi。
首先，於以Step1求出傳遞函數時，於在被保持於平台7之配線基 板3重疊有半導體晶片2之狀態下，自將加熱構件5之設定溫度作為特定之分佈而運轉時之接合溫度分佈y(t)推定傳遞函數。此處，所謂特定之分佈係脈衝分佈、步進函數分佈、直線增加之斜線分佈等，且於推定傳遞函數時，亦可將特定之分佈複數組合。於圖5表示將加熱構件5之設定溫度設為步進函數分佈之例。再者，接合溫度分佈係由控制構件10按時間序列記錄溫度感測器11之測定值而獲得。
於推定傳遞函數時，於自將加熱構件5之設定溫度作為特定之分佈而運轉時之接合溫度分佈推定(一階延遲、一階延遲+停滯時間等)轉移係數之通式後求出各參數。若以如圖5所示之加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈為步進函數之情形為例進行說明，只要接合溫度分佈成為圖7所示，則作為傳遞函數H(s)適用一階延遲系統之通式H(s)=K/(τs+1) (3)。
此處，作為參數之K及τ成為K=T0/Tr、τ=t0。
此處，Tr為步進上升之設定溫度，T0為接合部溫度之上升後之穩態值，t0為(以使設定溫度步進上升之階段為基點)直至接合部溫度之上升量達到Tr之0.632倍之時間。
再者，只要為相同規格之安裝裝置，由於傳遞函數之通式相同，故而只要使其通式記憶於控制構件10，則接合構件10亦可使用被記錄之接合溫度分佈而算出各參數。
根據以上內容求出表示加熱構件2之設定溫度、與接合部溫度之關係之傳遞函數H(s)。再者，若將對加熱構件之設定溫度進行拉普拉斯轉換而得者設為U(s)，將對接合部溫度進行拉普拉斯轉換而得者設為Y(s)，則U(s)與Y(s)之關係由式Y(s)=H(s)U(s) (4)
表示。(圖7)
其次，Step2係自傳遞函數H(s)求出反傳遞函數Hi(s)，反傳遞函數Hi(s)係作為傳遞函數1/H(s)被求出。
因此，H(s)=K/(τs+1)之情形時成為Hi(s)=(τs+1)/K (5)。
此處，U(s)與Y(s)之關係由式U(s)=Hi(s)Y(s) (6)
表示。(圖7)
後續之Step3係將包含該反傳遞函數Hi(s)之U(s)=Hi(s)Y(s)拉普拉斯逆轉換而求出函數hi。
此處，Hi(s)若以(τs+1)/K之情形為例，則成為u(t)=τ/K．y(t)/dt+1/K．y(t) (7)，可使接合溫度分佈y(t)、與加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈u(t)之關係公式化。
但是，如控制構件10所具備之運算功能係使用被賦予之接合溫度分佈y(t)，而難以自式(7)直接導出加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈u(t)。因此，使用如式(8)之差分方程式進行數值計算。
U(n)=τ/K．{Y(n)-Y(n-1)}/△t+1/K．Y(n) (8)
上式中，△t為取樣週期。
此處，如圖8所示，藉由將Y(n)設為所需之溫度分佈ro(n)，而獲得所要求之加熱構件之設定溫度之分佈oi(n)作為U(n)。進而，只要將其直線近似化，則亦可獲得對分佈賦予特徵之時間間隔t1、t2、…、及與此對應之溫度T0、T1、T2…。
以上，本實施形態中分為Step1至Step3進行說明，但只要清楚傳遞函數之通式，則亦可由控制構件10進行如將於Step1中獲得之參數代入Step3之差分方程式之處理。
以上獲得之設定溫度分佈是否適當，只要確認以該設定溫度分佈使加熱構件5運轉，接合溫度分佈是否成為如所需之接合溫度分佈即可。亦可於確認接合溫度分佈時使用溫度感測器11，於接合溫度分佈與所需者不同之情形時，進行設定溫度分佈之微修正。又，亦可於實際之安裝時，將加熱構件5之設定溫度分佈設為上述所獲得者，並利用溫度感測器11監測接合部溫度(接合部附近溫度)，並對加熱構件5之設定溫度進行PID控制等，藉此進行微調整。
再者，於本實施形態中，熱壓接工具4具備吸附半導體晶片2之功能，但於將半導體晶片2暫時置於配線基板3上之情形時，無需吸附半導體晶片2之功能。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明中之安裝方法及安裝裝置尤其適於在半導體晶片與基板之接合時必須進行接合時之嚴格之溫度管理之情形。
1‧‧‧安裝裝置
2‧‧‧半導體晶片
3‧‧‧配線基板
4‧‧‧熱壓接工具
5‧‧‧加熱構件
6‧‧‧驅動機構
7‧‧‧平台
10‧‧‧控制構件
11‧‧‧溫度感測器
21‧‧‧凸塊電極
31‧‧‧焊料電極

Claims (3)

  1. 一種安裝裝置，其特徵在於：其係將半導體晶片加熱壓接而接合於配線基板之安裝裝置，且包括：平台，其保持配線基板；熱壓接工具，其將半導體晶片按壓於配線基板；加熱構件，其對熱壓接工具進行加熱；及控制構件，其具有以任意之設定溫度分佈使上述加熱構件運轉之功能；且上述控制構件具有如下功能：藉由獲得表示上述加熱構件之設定溫度與接合部溫度之關係之傳遞函數，求出用於將接合部溫度設為所需之分佈之上述加熱構件之設定溫度分佈。
  2. 如請求項1之安裝裝置，其進而包括：溫度感測器，其具有測定接合部附近之溫度之功能；且上述控制構件具有如下功能：輸入上述溫度感測器之輸出信號並按時間序列加以記憶；及於在被保持於上述平台之配線基板重疊有半導體晶片之狀態下，以特定之設定溫度分佈使上述加熱構件運轉，並自上述溫度感測器之輸出信號之分佈求出上述傳遞函數。
  3. 一種安裝方法，其特徵在於：其係將半導體晶片加熱壓接而接合於配線基板之安裝方法，且使用如下安裝裝置，該安裝裝置包括：平台，其保持配線基板；熱壓接工具，其將半導體晶片按壓於配線基板； 加熱構件，其對熱壓接工具進行加熱；及溫度感測器，其具有測定接合部附近之溫度之功能；且於在被保持於上述平台之配線基板重疊有半導體晶片之狀態下，自以特定之設定溫度分佈使上述加熱構件運轉時之上述溫度感測器之輸出信號之分佈，求出表示上述加熱構件之設定溫度與接合部溫度之關係之傳遞函數，並自上述傳遞函數，於在被保持於上述平台之配線基板重疊有半導體晶片之狀態下，求出用以將接合部溫度設為所需之分佈之加熱構件之設定溫度分佈。
TW103132850A 2013-09-24 2014-09-23 安裝裝置及安裝方法 TW201521161A (zh)

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