TW201516046A - 咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺 - Google Patents
咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201516046A TW201516046A TW103133334A TW103133334A TW201516046A TW 201516046 A TW201516046 A TW 201516046A TW 103133334 A TW103133334 A TW 103133334A TW 103133334 A TW103133334 A TW 103133334A TW 201516046 A TW201516046 A TW 201516046A
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- imidazo
- amine
- imaging
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- IHFZRBQSSDQVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7-amine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=CN2C=CN=C21 IHFZRBQSSDQVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 91
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 102000003802 alpha-Synuclein Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- FXWMMUZUQHEUGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CN(C=CC(N)=C2)C2=N1 FXWMMUZUQHEUGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本發明係關於如下通式之化合物
□
其中R1為低碳數烷基或經鹵素取代之低碳數烷基;R2、R3為氫或氚;或關於醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。
該等化合物可用於結合τ聚集體及包括尤其β-類澱粉聚集體之相關β-摺疊聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白聚集體且使其成像。
Description
本發明係關於如下通式之化合物
其中R1為低碳數烷基或經鹵素取代之低碳數烷基;R2、R3為氫或氚;或關於醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。
類似化合物描述於例如WO2011/117264中作為磷酸二酯酶10A(PDE10A)之調節劑以用於治療中樞神經系統疾病且描述於WO2010/068453及WO2010/068452中作為脂肪酸醯胺水解酶之調節劑。2-芳基-3-(雜芳基)-咪唑并(1,2-a)嘧啶描述於WO0134605中以用於治療藉由減少發炎性細胞激素緩解之病狀。
已展示本發明之化合物可用於結合τ聚集體及包括尤其β-類澱粉聚集體之相關β-摺疊聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白聚集體且使其成像,尤其用於結合阿茲海默症(Alzheimer)患者中之τ聚集體且使其成像。
阿茲海默氏症(Alzheimer's disease;AD)為特徵為認知衰退、不可逆記憶缺失、定向力障礙及語言障礙的進行性神經退化性病症(Arch.Neurol.1985,42(11),1097-1105)。AD腦切片之屍檢揭示由β類
澱粉(Aβ)肽構成之大量老年斑(SP)及由過磷酸化之τ蛋白之長絲形成的大量神經原纖維纏結(NFT)。
τ蛋白屬於微管相關蛋白之家族且主要表現於神經元中,在神經元中,其在將微管蛋白單體組裝在微管中構成作為軸突輸送之軌道的神經元微管網路中發揮重要作用(Brain Res.Rev.2000,33(1),95-130)。τ蛋白自位於染色體17上之單一基因轉譯且其表現藉由在人類成人腦中產生可由結合域之數目區分的六種不同同功異型物之替代性拼接機制來發育調節。雖然尚未充分瞭解導致τ蛋白過磷酸化、錯誤摺疊及聚集之潛在機制,但τ聚集體之沈積在細胞內層面以及在腦構形層面上均遵循固定時空路徑。
引起伴有帕金森氏症(parkinsonism)之額顳葉型癡呆(FTD)的與染色體17相關之τ基因突變的當前發現已加強歸因於τ蛋白在神經退化性病症之發病機制中的主要作用且強調以下事實:在不同神經元群中表現之不同組τ同功異型物可引起不同病變(Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2005,1739(2)240-250)。特徵為病理性τ蛋白積聚之神經退化性疾病稱為「τ病」(Ann.Rev.Neurosci.2001,24,1121-1159)。除AD及FTD以外,其他τ病包括進行性核上麻痺(PSP)、纏結為主之癡呆、皮克氏病(Pick's disease)、額顳葉變性(FTLD)、唐氏症候群(Down's syndrome)及其他疾病。
已在新皮層區域之進行性包括與癡呆之嚴重性增加之間建立直接相關性,表明病理性τ聚集體(諸如NFT)為神經退化性過程之可靠標記物。AD中之NFT包括程度由Braak期數(Acta Neuropathol.1991,82,239-259)定義。當NFT包括主要限於腦之橫嗅區域時,定義為Braak I期及II期,當包括邊緣區域(諸如海馬區)時,診斷為III期及IV期,且當發現廣泛新皮層包括時為V期及VI期。
目前,僅可藉由生檢或剖檢材料之組織學分析來偵測τ聚集體。τ
病理學之活體內成像將為人腦中之τ聚集體之沈積提供新穎見解且使得可非侵入性檢查τ病理學之程度、定量τ沈積隨時間之變化、評估其與認知之相關性且分析抗τ療法之功效。用於偵測活腦中之τ聚集體的潛在配位體必須穿過血腦障壁且對τ聚集體具有高親和力及特異性。為此目的,成功的神經成像放射性示蹤劑必須具有適當親脂性(logD 1-3)及低分子量(<450),展示自血液快速清除及低非特異性結合。
本申請案之目的在於尋找藉由鑑別腦中具有過量τ聚集體之潛在患者(其可能產生阿茲海默氏症)改良診斷之成像工具。其亦適用於監測疾病之進展。當可使用抗τ聚集體藥時,使腦中τ纏結成像可提供用於監測治療之必需工具。
本發明之另一目的為一種使τ-聚集體沈積物成像之方法,其包含-將可偵測數量之組合物引入哺乳動物中;-讓式I化合物與τ-聚集體沈積物充份結合一段時間,及-偵測與一或多種τ-聚集體沈積物結合之化合物。
本發明之另一目的為含有式I化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑之醫藥組合物,其可用於鑑別潛在患者。
本說明書中所用之一般術語的以下定義適用,而與所討論之術語是否單獨出現或以組合形式出現無關。
如本文所使用,術語「低碳數烷基」表示飽和、亦即脂族烴基,其包括具有1-7個碳原子之直碳鏈或分支碳鏈。「烷基」之實例為甲基、乙基、正丙基及異丙基。
術語「鹵素」表示氯、溴、氟或碘。
術語「經鹵素取代之低碳數烷基」表示如上文所定義之烷基,其中至少一個氫原子經鹵素原子置換。
3H表示氚原子。
術語「離去基」表示鹵素或磺酸酯。磺酸酯之實例為甲苯磺酸
酯、甲磺酸酯、三氟甲磺酸酯、硝基苯磺酸酯或溴苯磺酸酯。
術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」或「醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽」包含與如下無機及有機酸之鹽,諸如鹽酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、檸檬酸、甲酸、反丁烯二酸、順丁烯二酸、乙酸、丁二酸、酒石酸、甲烷磺酸、對甲苯磺酸及其類似物。
已發現式I化合物可用於結合τ聚集體及包括尤其β-類澱粉聚集體之相關β-摺疊聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白聚集體且使其成像。
本發明之一個實施例為式I化合物,其中R1為低碳數烷基,例如以下化合物
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺
[3H]-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺。
本發明之一個實施例為其他式I化合物,其中R1為經鹵素取代之低碳數烷基,例如以下化合物
2-(4-(氟甲氧基)苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺
2-[4-(3-氟丙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺
2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺
[3H]-2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺。
本發明之一個實施例為其他式I化合物,其中R2及R3為氚,例如以下化合物
[3H]-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺
[3H]-2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺。
式I化合物可用於結合τ聚集體、β-類澱粉聚集體、α-突觸核蛋白聚集體或亨廷頓素(huntingtin)聚集體且使其成像。
式I化合物之較佳用途為用於結合阿茲海默症患者中之τ聚集體且使其成像。
此外,式I化合物可用於τ蛋白結合研究。
式I化合物適用於哺乳動物腦中之τ-聚集體的診斷成像。
本發明亦用於哺乳動物腦中之τ-聚集體沈積物的診斷成像。
本發明之式I化合物
及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可藉由下文所述之方法製備,該方法包含
a)用NH4OH胺化式2化合物(X=Cl、Br)
得到式I化合物
其中R1如上文所定義,且R2及R3為氫,且若需要,將獲得之化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽,或b)將式4化合物
與式3(X為離去基,例如Br)之相應α活化之酮偶合
得到式I化合物
其中R1如上文所定義,且R2及R3為氫,且若需要,將獲得之化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽,或c)使式5化合物
與適合烷基化劑R1-X(X為鹵素或磺酸酯)反應,得到式I化合物
其中R1如上文所定義,且R2及R3為氫,且若需要,將獲得之化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽,及d)在環境溫度或高溫下,在適合溶劑(例如二氯甲烷、氯苯、DMF、DMSO或其混合物)中,在催化劑(例如含有銥、釕、銠或鈀之錯合物)存在下,使式I化合物
其中R2及R3為氫,與氚氣反應,得到式I化合物
其中R1如上文所定義,且R2及R3為氚,且若需要,將獲得之化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。
以下流程1-3更詳細地描述製備式I化合物之方法。
本發明之式I化合物之製備可以連續或彙集合成途徑進行。進行反應及純化所得產物之所需之技能為熟習此項技術者所已知。除非相反地表明,否則用於該等方法之以下描述的取代基及指數具有之前本文中所給出之意義。
更詳細地,式I化合物可藉由以下所給出之方法、藉由實例中所給出之方法或藉由類似方法來製造。個別反應步驟之適當反應條件為熟習此項技術者所已知。反應順序不限於流程1至3中所示之順序,然而,視起始物質及其相應活性而定,反應步驟之順序可自由改變。起始物質可購得或可藉由類似於以下給出之方法、藉由說明書中或實例中所引用之參考文獻中所描述之方法或藉由此項技術中已知之方法來製備。
根據流程1,咪唑并吡啶I之衍生物(其中取代基R1如上文所定義且R2及R3為氫)經由在高溫或環境溫度下,在適合溶劑(例如N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮)中,在適合催化劑(例如氧化銅(I))存在下,使式2化合物與適合氨試劑(例如氫氧化銨)進行胺化反應來製備。
流程2
根據流程2,在高溫下,在油浴中或在微波反應器中,在適合溶劑(例如丙酮或乙醇)中,使經活化之酮3(其中取代基R1如上文所定義,R2及R3為氫且X為鹵素)與胺基-吡啶4反應,得到化合物I之衍生物。
根據流程3,咪唑并吡啶I之其他衍生物(其中取代基R1如上文所定義)藉由在環境溫度或高溫下,在合適溶劑(例如DMF)中,在合適鹼(例如碳酸銫或氫化鈉)存在下,使用合適烷基化試劑R1-X(例如烷基鹵化物,如1-氟乙基溴,或甲苯磺酸烷酯,如甲苯磺酸氟甲酯),使酚5進行烷基化來合成。
若需要,可藉由任何合適之分離或純化程序(諸如過濾、萃取、結晶、管柱層析、薄層層析、厚層層析、製備型低壓或高壓液相層析或此等程序之組合)達成本文所述之化合物及中間物之離析及純化。合適之分離及離析程序之特定說明可參見下文之製備及實例。然而,當然,亦可使用其他等效之分離或離析程序。
式I化合物為鹼性且可轉化為相應酸加成鹽。藉由使用至少化學計量之適當無機酸(諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸及其類似物)或有機酸(諸如乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、蘋果酸、丙
二酸、丁二酸、順丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、杏仁酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、水楊酸及其類似物)處理來完成轉化。通常,將游離鹼溶解於惰性有機溶劑(諸如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、乙醇或甲醇及其類似物)中,且將酸添加於類似溶劑中。溫度保持在0℃與50℃之間。所得鹽自發地沈澱或可藉由添加極性較小之溶劑來沈澱。
式I之鹼性化合物之酸加成鹽可藉由用至少化學計量當量之合適鹼(諸如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鈉、氨及其類似物)處理而轉化為相應游離鹼。
根據下文提出之測試法來研究該等化合物。
此活體外結合分析法評估化合物對天然τ聚集體之親和力。將化合物與公認之τ特異性放射性配體[3H]T808共同培育,使用人類阿茲海默氏症(Alzheimer's disease;AD)腦切片之活體外自動放射攝影術來測定化合物對[3H]T808結合性之置換效能(參見圖C)。
AD人腦購自Banner Sun Health Research Institute(Sun City,AZ,USA)。根據標準NIA-Reagan研究所準則基於神經病理學資料進行AD之病理性診斷。放射性配體[3H]T808係內部合成([3H]-2-[4-(2-氟-乙基)-哌啶-1-基]-苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶,放射化學純度99.0%)。作為參考,使用冷T808(2-[4-(2-氟-乙基)-哌啶-1-基]-苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶)。為進行自動放射攝影術,將FujiFilm成像板(FujiFilm Imaging Plate;BAS-IP TR 2025)暴露於切片且用FujiFilm IP讀取器(BAS-5000)讀取。
在-17℃腔室溫度及-15℃物件溫度下用低溫恆溫器(Leica
CM3050)產生10μm厚人類AD腦切片。將切片轉移至Histobond+顯微鏡載片(Marienfeld Laboratory Glasware)。在室溫下乾燥3小時之後,將切片在-20℃下儲存。在室溫下,將切片與放射性配體(10nM)及相應冷化合物(各種濃度)一起在50mM Tris緩衝液(pH 7.4)中一起培育30分鐘。在4℃下用50mM Tris緩衝液(pH 7.4及3)洗滌3×10分鐘之後,在4℃下快速浸於蒸餾水中,將切片在4℃下乾燥3小時。將切片置放於FujiFilm盒(BAS 2025)中,暴露於成像板五天且之後用每像素25μM之解析度來掃描。
藉由軟體MCID分析(版本7.0,Imaging Research Inc.)定量自動放射攝影之注意區域(ROI)中的信號強度(Dens-PSL/mm2)。在化合物不存在或存在下,[3H]T808結合之特異性結合(SB)藉由減去白質中之非特異性結合信號來計算,從而產生SB僅[3H]T808及SB化合物。各種化合物之置換%如下計算:%置換=100-(SB化合物/SB僅[3H]T808)*100。
在各實驗中,使用冷T808作為陽性內部對照物。預期等莫耳量之熱及冷T808共同培育將使特異性結合減少約50%。
A.K. Szardenings et al. 「Imaging agents for detecting neurological disorders」 . US Patent Application US20110182812
W. Zhang et al., 「A highly selective and specific PET tracer for imaging of τ pathologies」 . Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 31 (2012) 601-612。
圖A及圖B分別表示與獲自Braak V期AD患者之人類皮層腦切片一起培育之[3H]-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺(實例5)及[3H]-2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺(實例6)之自動放射攝影。放射性配體濃度分別為2.6nM及2.5nM。兩種放射性配體均在分層分佈圖案中展示τ聚集體之點狀染色及白質中不同程度之非特異性結合。
式I化合物及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可用於形成醫藥製劑。醫藥製劑可以注射溶液之形式投與。
式I化合物及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可用醫藥學上惰性無機或有機載劑處理以用於生產醫藥製劑。用於生產溶液及糖漿之適合載劑為例如水、多元醇、蔗糖、轉化糖、葡萄糖及其類似物。佐劑(諸如醇、多元醇、甘油、植物油及其類似物)可用於式I之化合物之水溶性鹽的注射水溶液,但通常並非為必需的。栓劑之適合載劑為例如天然
或硬化油、蠟、脂肪、半液體或液體多元醇及其類似物。
此外,醫藥製劑可含有防腐劑、增溶劑、穩定劑、濕潤劑、乳化劑、甜味劑、著色劑、調味劑、用於改變滲透壓之鹽、緩衝劑、掩蔽劑或抗氧化劑。其亦可含有治療學上有價值之其他物質。
劑量可在寬界限內變化且當然在各特定情形下將適合於個別要求。
所用之縮寫:
H-小時
min-分鐘
向微波小瓶中饋入吡啶-2,4-二胺(400mg,3.67mmol)、2-溴-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮(882mg,3.85mmol)、碳酸氫鈉(329mg,3.92mmol)及甲醇(3.5mL)。將反應混合物在回流下攪拌4小時。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫,用水及乙酸乙酯稀釋,音波處理且在室溫下攪拌約15分鐘。過濾懸浮液,用水及乙酸乙酯沖洗。將®所得淺黃色固體置放在高真空下,得到2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺氫溴酸鹽。將其懸浮於約5mL NaHCO3飽和水溶液中,經音波處理、過濾且用水沖洗。將殘餘物懸浮於約5mL 2M NaOH水溶液中,經音波處理、過濾且用水沖洗。將所得殘餘物置放在高真空下,得到呈淡棕色固體狀之標題化合物(310mg,1.3mmol,35%產率)。MS m/z:240.1[M+H]+。
類似於實例1,用4-溴吡啶-2-胺替代吡啶-2,4-二胺且用2-溴-1-(4-羥基苯基)乙酮替代溴-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮而轉化為以灰色固體狀獲得之標題化合物(2.34g,80%)。MS m/z:289.3[M]+。
向4-(7-溴吡啶[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)酚(2.37g,6.56mmol)及4-甲基苯磺酸氟甲酯(1.34g,6.56mmol)於DMF(10.00mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸銫(2.78g,8.52mmol)且加熱至70℃後維持18小時,接著在微波中在100℃下照射30分鐘。將其倒入水中且用二氯甲烷萃取兩次。合併有機層,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮。向所得油狀物中添加甲苯(約200mL)且蒸發溶劑以移除剩餘DMF。添加一些1N NaOH水溶液且持續攪拌15分鐘。將其在高真空下過濾及乾燥,得到呈淡棕色油狀之標題化合物(1.69g,純度約60%),其不經進一步純化即進行使用。MS m/z:321.3[M+H]+。
向7-溴-2-(4-(氟甲氧基)苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶(112mg,349μmol)於N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(2mL)中之溶液中添加氧化銅(I)(9.98mg,69.8μmol)及氫氧化銨(733mg,5.23mmol)。接著將小瓶密封且將反應混合物在110℃下攪拌3小時。用二氯甲烷(15mL)稀釋且用水
(15mL)洗滌兩次。用二氯甲烷(15mL)萃取水層。經硫酸鎂乾燥經合併之有機層,過濾且濃縮。使用梯度為85:15至50:50之二氯甲烷:(二氯甲烷:甲醇:氨)(90:9:1體積%)進行急驟層析,得到呈淡棕色固體狀之標題化合物(17mg,19%產率)。MS m/z:258.6[M+H]+。
在5mL微波小瓶中,將吡啶-2,4-二胺(500mg,4.58mmol)及2-溴-1-(4-羥基苯基)乙酮(1.03g,4.81mmol)與丙酮(8.0mL)組合,得到灰白色懸浮液。用氬氣沖洗小瓶且密封。將反應混合物在65℃(油浴溫度)下攪拌隔夜。過濾灰白色懸浮液且用丙酮洗滌。將所得灰白色固體在高真空下乾燥隔夜,得到呈灰白色固體狀之標題化合物(363mg,18%產率)。MS m/z:226.1[M+H]+。
在5mL微波小瓶中,將4-(7-胺基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)酚氫溴酸鹽(150mg,343μmol)與DMF(2.5mL)組合,得到無色溶液。添加碳酸銫(335mg,1.03mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌1小時(觀察到氣體逸出;反應混合物變為深棕色懸浮液)。添加溶解於DMF(0.5mL)中之1-溴-3-氟丙烷(48.4mg,343μmol)。用氬氣沖洗小瓶且密封。將反應混合物在90℃(油浴溫度)下攪拌隔夜。將反應混合物冷
卻至環境溫度且用二氯甲烷及水萃取。用二氯甲烷萃取水層(pH約9)。用水洗滌有機層三次且用鹽水洗滌一次。合併有機層,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾且濃縮。將殘餘物(棕色油狀物)在高真空下乾燥4小時。用乙酸乙酯濕磨棕色固體,得到呈棕色固體狀之標題化合物(53mg,48%產率)。MS m/z:286.1[M+H]+。
在0℃下,在氮氣氛圍下,向4-(7-胺基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)酚氫溴酸鹽(156mg,510μmol)於DMF(2mL)中之溶液中添加60%氫化鈉(81.5mg,2.04mmol)。在環境溫度下攪拌30分鐘之後,歷經1分鐘之時段添加1-溴-2-氟乙烷(71.2mg,560μmol)。接著將反應混合物在環境溫度下攪拌2小時。將其倒於水(15mL)上且用乙酸乙酯(15mL)萃取兩次。用水(15mL)及鹽水(10mL)洗滌有機層。經硫酸鎂乾燥經合併之有機層,過濾且濃縮。使用梯度為80:20至40:60之二氯甲烷:(二氯甲烷:甲醇:氨)(90:9:1體積%)進行急驟層析,得到呈灰白色固體狀之標題化合物(80mg,58%產率)。MS m/z:272.5[M+H]+。
在2mL氚化燒瓶中,將2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺(2.0mg,8.4μmol)及克拉布特利氏催化劑(Crabtree's catalyst)(10.1mg,15.5μmol)溶解於二氯甲烷(1.0mL)中。將燒瓶連接至氚氣歧管(RC-TRITEC)且藉由冷凍-泵-解凍來脫氣。引入氚氣,且在1050毫巴
(mbar)下及在氚氣氛圍下劇烈攪拌淡橙色溶液4小時。藉由液態氮冷卻溶液,反應容器中之過量氚氣則在收集廢棄氚氣之鈾收集器上被再吸收。藉由凍乾法除去溶劑,且藉由與乙醇與水之9:1混合物(3×1mL)及甲苯(2×1mL)一起凍乾移除不穩定之氚氣。將剩餘微棕色油狀物溶解於二氯甲烷(25mL)中且轉移至SCX-3陽離子交換器上。用二氯甲烷(15mL)溶離剩餘催化劑且丟棄,用NH3之MeOH溶液(1N,25mL)溶離產物,分別收集且在減壓下濃縮。藉由製備型HPLC(XBridge C-18製備型,5μm,10×250mm)使用乙腈、水及pH 9緩衝液作為溶離劑來純化粗產物。如藉由MS光譜測定法所測定,獲得833MBq(22.5mCi)標題化合物,其放射化學純度為99%且比活性為1.02TBq/mmol(27.6Ci/mmol)。將化合物以乙醇溶液形式儲存。MS m/z:240.2[M+H]+(48%),242.2[M(T)+H]+(10%),244.2[M(T2)+H]+(40%),246.2[M(T3)+H]+(2%)。
在2mL氚化燒瓶中,將2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺(2.0mg,7.4μmol)及克拉布特利氏催化劑(5.9mg,7.4μmol)溶解於DMF(1.0mL)中。將燒瓶連接至氚氣歧管(RC-TRITEC)且藉由冷凍-泵-解凍來脫氣。引入氚氣,且在550毫巴下及在氚氣之氛圍下劇烈攪拌淺橙色溶液4小時。藉由液態氮冷卻溶液,反應容器中之過量氚氣則在收集廢棄氚氣之鈾收集器上被再吸收。藉由凍乾法除去溶劑,且藉由與乙醇與水之9:1混合物(3×1mL)及甲苯(2×1mL)一起凍乾移除不穩定之氚氣。將剩餘微棕色油狀物溶解於二氯甲烷(10mL)中
且轉移至SCX-3陽離子交換器上。用MeOH(5mL)溶離剩餘催化劑且丟棄,用NH3之MeOH溶液(3.5N,5mL)及MeOH(35mL)溶離產物,分別收集且在減壓下濃縮。藉由製備型HPLC(XBridge C-18製備型,5μm,10×250mm)使用乙腈、水及pH 7緩衝液作為溶離劑來純化粗產物。如藉由MS光譜測定法所測定,獲得833MBq(22.5mCi)標題化合物,其放射化學純度為98%且比活性為1.58TBq/mmol(42.6Ci/mmol)。將化合物以甲醇溶液形式儲存。MS m/z:272.2[M+H]+(7%),274.2[M(T)+H]+(39%),276.2[M(T2)+H]+(54%)。
圖A表示與獲自Braak V期AD患者之人類皮層腦切片一起培育之[3H]-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺之自動放射攝影。
圖B表示與獲自Braak V期AD患者之人類皮層腦切片一起培育之[3H]-2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺之自動放射攝影。
圖C為展示化合物對天然τ聚集體之的親和力的一系列自動放射攝影。
Claims (16)
- 一種下式之化合物
- 如請求項1之式I化合物,其中R1為低碳數烷基,且R2及R3如請求項1中所述。
- 如請求項1或2之式I化合物,該等化合物為2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺[3H]-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺。
- 如請求項1之式I化合物,其中R1為經鹵素取代之低碳數烷基,且R2及R3如請求項1中所述。
- 如請求項1或4之式I化合物,該等化合物為2-(4-(氟甲氧基)苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺2-[4-(3-氟丙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺[3H]-2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺。
- 如請求項1之式I化合物,其中R2及R3為氚,且R1如請求項1中所述。
- 如請求項1或6之式I化合物,該等化合物為[3H]-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺 [3H]-2-[4-(2-氟乙氧基)苯基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-胺。
- 一種製造如請求項1至7中任一項之式I化合物的方法,該方法包含a)用NH4OH胺化式2化合物(X=Cl、Br)
- 如請求項1、2、4及6中任一項之式I化合物,其係用於結合τ聚集體、β-類澱粉聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白聚集體且使其成像。
- 如請求項1、2、4及6中任一項之式I化合物,其係用於結合阿茲 海默症(Alzheimer)患者中之τ聚集體且使其成像。
- 如請求項1、2、4及6中任一項之式I化合物,其係用於τ蛋白結合研究。
- 如請求項1、2、4及6中任一項之式I化合物,其係用於哺乳動物腦中之τ-聚集體的診斷成像。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至7中任一項之式I化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 一種使τ-聚集體沈積物成像之方法,其包含將可偵測數量之如請求項13之組合物引入哺乳動物中;讓式I化合物與τ-聚集體沈積物充份結合一段時間,及偵測與一或多種τ-聚集體沈積物結合之該化合物。
- 一種如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物的用途,其係用於使哺乳動物腦中之τ-聚集體沈積物成像。
- 一種如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物的用途,其係用於製造使哺乳動物腦中之τ-聚集體沈積物診斷成像的藥劑。
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CN105579453B (zh) | 2017-12-22 |
EP3049411B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
RU2016112547A (ru) | 2017-10-31 |
JP2016533334A (ja) | 2016-10-27 |
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