TW201432121A - 構造板 - Google Patents

構造板 Download PDF

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TW201432121A
TW201432121A TW102145608A TW102145608A TW201432121A TW 201432121 A TW201432121 A TW 201432121A TW 102145608 A TW102145608 A TW 102145608A TW 102145608 A TW102145608 A TW 102145608A TW 201432121 A TW201432121 A TW 201432121A
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polymer
gypsum board
polymer layer
layer
panel
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TW102145608A
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English (en)
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Glen Hotchin
Nicholas Jones
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Saint Gobain Placo Sas
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

一種用於建築結構的構造板，其包含有具有二相對表面之石膏板、以及設置於石膏板之其中一表面的聚合物薄層，且聚合物薄層之材料係可於單軸拉伸應力下達到0.12的拉伸應變時，所作的功大於2.1兆焦耳/立方米(MJ/m3)。

Description

構造板
本發明係有關於一種用於建築結構的構造板及其製造方法，尤其是一種用以提供作為隔板之構造板，藉以供譬如水槽、電視、或暖房裝置來加以固定。
輕量的構造板，譬如為石膏板、聚苯乙烯板以及纖維板等，經常用於建築物內最為隔板來使用，其優點在於輕巧且能夠快速的安裝。
然而，在一些狀況下，如此輕量的構造板卻無法提供足夠的強度來支撐附掛物(譬如為水槽、電視、暖房裝置、滅火器、架子等)，附掛物的重量將會導致固定裝置(譬如為螺絲)鬆脫，而使得附掛物掉落。
一般來說，此問題可藉由增設膠合板去增加構造板的強度來加以克服，在此一情況下，膠合板乃係設置於相對附掛物的反側，而可提供較大的強度來維持一個或是一個以上的固定裝置(譬如為螺絲)以使附掛物固定於構造板內，膠合板通常定位於建築框架內，然後石膏板再固定於膠合板，因此其會位於建築框架的外側。
另一方面，也可以採用金屬支撐裝置來克服，其包含有複數個固定板、管、帶或是金屬固定件，金屬支撐裝置也係設置於構造板之相對附掛物的反側，並用以接收使附掛物固定於構造板的固定裝置(譬如為螺絲)。
上述兩種作法的缺點是需要於現場增加額外的支撐元件來結合於構造板，此外，當使用金屬支撐裝置時，可能需要額外增加許多用來支撐整體固定裝置的支撐裝置以將附掛物固定於構造板上，因此，安裝 上會相當耗時且昂貴。
進一步來說，額外增設的金屬支撐裝置或是膠合板會增加隔板的重量與厚度，將導致牆內空間的減少，而且膠合板也需要於現場切割成需要的尺寸，同樣也會增加安裝的工時以及可能會產生煙塵以及潛在損壞元件的可能性。
因此，目前急需一種可用以維持固定裝置以及支撐配件的改良構造板，同時又無需要耗時的安裝流程。
針對上述問題，本發明人發現構造板的任何強化物件的材料需要謹慎的選擇，以使固定螺絲能夠確實地且能重複地穿過來固定，尤其是強化物件應該被選擇可降低固定螺絲會過度栓緊之可能性。其中所謂的過度栓緊意味著螺孔內表面可能會因為螺絲轉動過深而崩壞，而導致此螺絲將無法再固定於構造板上。
同時亦發現上述問題可藉由針對構造板選擇適當的強化物件來加以降低，其中強化物件的材料需要足夠的高來限制過度栓緊的影響靈敏度。
因此，本發明可提供一種構造板，其藉由一個背薄層來加以強化，且背薄層的材料之變形特徵係可降低背薄層上之螺孔的螺紋發生崩壞的可能性降低。
於第一個實施例中，本發明可提供一種針對建築結構的構造板，其包含具有二相對表面之石膏板、以及設置於石膏板之其中一表面的聚合物薄層；且聚合物薄層係薄於石膏板，且聚合物薄層之材料係可於單軸拉伸應力下達到0.12的拉伸應變時，所作的功大於2.1兆焦耳/立方米(MJ/m3)。
此構造板可固定於支撐結構上來作為隔板，如此一來使得構造板上具有聚合物薄層的一側面向於支撐結構。
一般說來，特殊材料的單軸拉伸應力係藉由量測應力與應變對應圖之曲線的面積來加以計算。
而若採用低於0.12的拉伸應變之材料，聚合物薄層將無法達成上述目的。
而若是為高於0.12的拉伸應變之材料，聚合物薄層也可以具有0.12的拉伸應變。
較佳者，聚合物薄層之材料係可於單軸拉伸應力下達到0.12的拉伸應變時，所作的功大於2.9兆焦耳/立方米(MJ/m3)；更佳者為大於3.8兆焦耳/立方米(MJ/m3)。
所謂的薄層意味著是構造板上可分離的一層結構，並非與基板結合為一體成形，更有效的說法，於基板與薄層之間有明顯定義的介面或邊界。
在一些態樣中，聚合物薄層可儘覆蓋部份的表面，而留下一個或是一個以上的固定部。
較佳者，聚合物薄層主要包含熱塑性聚合物。
另一方面，聚合物薄層也可主要包含一熱固型聚合物。
聚合物薄層也可以是單體聚合物(monolithic polymer)，其係為單一、非混合的材料，當然，聚合物薄層也可以藉由具有聚合物基底(polymeric matrix)的混合材料所提供，譬如為纖維強化聚合物。在此例子中，聚合物薄層也可以就可以藉由聚合物纖維(譬如為纖維素纖維，cellulose fibres)來加以強化，另一方面，也可以藉由非有機纖維來強化，譬如為玻璃纖維；在部份的態樣中，纖維強化聚合物之纖維與基底可藉由相同的聚合物來提供。舉例來說，自增強聚丙烯混合物之纖維與基底都包含有聚丙烯，此混合物可自為CurvTM。
一般說來，石膏板包含有由兩紙或是玻璃纖維薄層之間擠出的石膏膠泥，且石膏膠泥內可包含有許多種熟知的添加物。
聚合物薄層可以膠塗於石膏板上，然而，利用橡膠塗佈於 石膏板上來使其凝固。
薄層典型上具有至少0.25毫米的厚度，較佳者為0.5毫米， 更甚者至少1毫米。如此的厚度可以提供薄層所需要的強度來強化構造板的固定強度。
另外，薄層典型上具有小於4毫米的厚度，較佳者為小於3 毫米，更甚者少於2.5毫米。在一些實施例中，聚合物薄層為複合墊(譬如為自增強複合墊)，其厚度可小於2毫米。限制薄層的厚度可使得構造板安裝時(譬如牆上)，建築物結構內的烙痕不至於太大，而一般習知的膠合板厚度大約在12毫米。
其中聚合物薄層之厚度係為小於石膏板之厚度，較佳者， 聚合物薄層之厚度係為小於石膏板之厚度的25%，更甚者為小於20%。
因此，一般具有厚度為10-20毫米石膏板的構造板，其總厚 度約為11-25毫米。
一般聚合物薄層係為固體且無孔隙，將有助於具有足夠的 剛性來強化構造板的固定強度，其中，所謂的固體且無孔隙，意欲排除具有三維孔洞陣列的薄層，但是並無排除具有孔、切開或是貫穿薄層厚度的穿孔，舉例來說，薄層可以具有二維分佈的穿過厚度之微孔。
一般來說聚合物薄層可選自聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、尼龍、縮醛樹脂、自增強聚丙烯、以及膠木(BakeliteTM)。
一般來說，聚合物薄層的拉伸降伏強度至少為50百萬帕斯卡(MPa)，而其拉伸彈性模數至少為2500百萬帕斯卡。
在一些實施例中，聚合物薄層的外表面可以再增設一個薄層(石膏板的末端)，其可為絕緣層、紙層、或是金屬層(譬如為銅)。
在另一個實施例中，石膏板位於聚合物薄層之外側或內側的表面也可以直接增加一層薄膜。
在又一實施例中，聚合物薄層的外表面可覆蓋一紙層。
根據本發明所提出的第二實施例之用於建築結構的構造 板，其包含具有二相對表面之石膏板、以及設置於石膏板之其中一表面的纖維玻璃薄板，且纖維玻璃薄板係包含有含浸於樹脂內的不織布薄膜，且纖維玻璃薄板之楊氏模數係為4500-8000百萬帕斯卡(MPa)。
較佳者為纖維玻璃薄板之楊氏模數係為5000-7500百萬帕斯卡(MPa)，更甚者為6000-7000百萬帕斯卡(MPa)。
其中較佳者為纖維玻璃薄板之重量百分比大於25%，更甚者為大於30%。
而樹脂的楊氏模數較佳者為小於4500百萬帕斯卡，更甚者為小於4000百萬帕斯卡。
一般說來，樹脂的楊氏模數蓋略會大於2000百萬帕斯卡，較佳者為大於2500百萬帕斯卡、更甚者為大於3000百萬帕斯卡。
本發明之第二實施例可以包含一個或是一個以上第一實施例的功能特徵。
根據本發明所提出的第三實施例之用於建築結構的構造板，其包含具有二相對表面之石膏板、以及設置於石膏板之其中一表面的聚合物薄層，且聚合物薄層之主要重量成份係為熱塑性材料，其維氏硬度值係大於0.06十億帕斯卡(GPa)。
其中較佳者為其維氏硬度值係大於0.09十億帕斯卡、更甚者為大於0.11十億帕斯卡。
本發明之第三實施例可以包含一個或是一個以上第一實施例的功能特徵。
根據本發明所提出的第四實施例之用於建築結構的構造板，其包含具有二相對表面之基板、以及設置於基板之其中一表面的聚合物薄層，且聚合物薄層可供10號木頭螺絲予以鎖固，並可達到最大扭力至少7.7焦耳。
一般說來，將螺絲鎖入聚合物薄層所需要的扭力的峰值為至少1.68牛頓米(Nm)。
鎖緊木頭螺絲所需要提供的功，可以藉由鎖緊扭力對旋轉 角度的曲線圖底下的面積求得，其量測由旋轉角度0度(對應於峰值扭力)至7.85弧度，而會選擇此7.85弧度是因為其對應於螺絲的1.25轉，當安裝時，一般使用者會在達到扭力最高峰實在額外轉動一轉，因此，對於薄層來說，得提供此額外轉動弧度的抗性，以防止螺牙的崩壞。
一般10號木頭螺絲具有50毫米長、5毫米的半徑。
根據本發明所提出的第五實施例之用於建築結構的構造 板，其包含具有二相對表面之基板、以及設置於基板之其中一表面的聚合物薄層，且聚合物薄層的拉伸降伏強度至少為50百萬帕斯卡(MPa)，而其拉伸彈性模數至少為2500百萬帕斯卡。
根據本發明所提出的第六實施例之用於建築結構的構造 板，其包含具有二相對表面之基板、以及設置於基板之其中一表面的聚合物薄層，且聚合物薄層係破壞韌性大於1MPa.m1/2之材料所提供。
較佳者，聚合物薄層之材料的破壞韌性係大於1.5MPa.m1/2 之，更甚者為大於2MPa.m1/2。
於第六實施例中，本發明亦可提出一種包含至少一個上述 任一構造板所組成的隔板，且構造板固定於支撐結構上，且構造板係以聚合物薄層之一側朝向支撐結構。
因此，構造板面向會使得聚合物薄層位於構造板的背側， 而附掛物則可以安置在其前側，且位於背側的聚合物薄層可強化其固定力。
一般說來，隔板包含有兩構造板並定位於對應支撐結構的 兩側。
隔板可為直立設置(譬如用以提供為牆面)、或是可配置為 水準來提供作為天花板。
本發明之第六實施例可以包含一個或是一個以上第一至第 五實施例的功能特徵。
底下藉由具體實施例詳加說明，當更容易瞭解本發明之目 的、技術內容、特點及其所達成之功效。
第1圖係為扭力對應於轉動角度之曲線圖。
第2圖係為扭力對應於轉動角度之曲線圖，係繪示有第6、8實施態樣對應於第2對照實施態樣。
第3圖係為鎖緊過程之峰值扭力對應於0-12%變形的拉伸試驗所作的功之曲線圖，係繪示有第1-3、8、9、16實施態樣對應於第2、8對照實施態樣。
第4圖係為鎖緊過程之峰值扭力對應於維氏硬度值之曲線圖，係繪示有第1-3、8實施態樣對應於第8對照實施態樣。
為清楚揭露本發明所揭露之構造板，以下將提出數個實施例以詳細說明本發明的技術特徵，更同時佐以圖式俾使該些技術特徵得以彰顯。
Gyproc DuralineTM的石膏板藉由Bostik Aquagrip 29860膠來將薄層黏合於其表面。
為了將過度鎖緊的抗性予以量化，針對螺絲鎖入板材的扭力對應於轉動角度予以繪示為曲線圖，螺絲採用具有50毫米長、5毫米半徑的一般10號木頭螺絲，請參閱第1圖，可以藉由鎖緊扭力對旋轉角度的曲線圖底下的面積求得，其量測由旋轉角度0度(對應於峰值扭力)至7.85弧度。
此面積可以作為於螺絲鎖緊於峰值扭力之後所作的功之指 示，當通過扭力峰值後所作的功愈大，則螺絲過度鎖緊而使得螺孔內表面崩壞的風險愈低。
而每一個板材的最大扭力之量測結果如下面表一。
維氏硬度(Vickers hardness)
維氏硬度是用來量側樣品的硬度，將薄層切割出50*50毫米的樣品，並透過正四稜錐形的金剛石壓頭(維式金剛石量測器)以負重20牛頓(F)施加34秒，而其速度為每秒50微米。
去除壓頭後，透過顯微鏡觀察其角錐狀的壓痕，並獲得橫向對角的尺寸d1,、d2，同時透過下列公式來計算。
維氏硬度=0.001855F/d1d2
單軸拉伸應力下所作的功
利用圓鋸將薄層切割出40*200毫米的樣品，並將其置入Instron 4405的測試機，測試機的開口與樣品設定為具有間距150毫米，而樣品在於每秒4.2毫米的單軸拉力下直到變形50%或是其斷裂。
據此可獲得對應於位移的力曲線，同時曲線底下的面積則可予以針對變形量0-18毫米(應變為0.12)來計算，而若是應變不足0.12者，則計算至斷裂為止，其結果將可使用式樣尺規來加針對150*40毫米*厚度的薄層來加以歸一化並獲得每一單位體積所作的功。
第2圖繪示當螺絲插入板材的扭力轉動角度的曲線圖，並顯示有第6、8實施態樣對應於第2對照實施態樣。
第3圖可確認於拉伸測試過程中所作的功顯示出與峰值扭力有良好的相關性，而且是鎖緊過程中的特徵參數。
第4圖可確認熱塑性薄層之硬度顯示出與峰值扭力有良好的相關性，而且是鎖緊過程中的特徵參數。

Claims (14)

  1. 一種構造板，係用於建築結構，其包含具有二相對表面之石膏板、以及一設置於該石膏板之其中一該表面的聚合物薄層，其特徵在於：該聚合物薄層係薄於該石膏板，且該聚合物薄層之材料係可於單軸拉伸應力下達到0.12的拉伸應變時，所作的功大於2.1兆焦耳/立方米(MJ/m3)。
  2. 如請求項第1項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層之材料係可於單軸拉伸應力下達到0.12的拉伸應變時，所作的功大於2.9兆焦耳/立方米(MJ/m3)；較佳者為大於3.8兆焦耳/立方米。
  3. 如請求項第1項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層係一巨分子聚合物或一具有聚合物基的複合物。
  4. 如請求項第2項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層係由一纖維增強聚合物所提供。
  5. 如請求項第1-4項之任一項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層主要包含一熱塑性聚合物。
  6. 如請求項第1-3項之任一項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層主要包含一熱固性聚合物。
  7. 如請求項第4項所述之構造板，其中該纖維增強聚合物之複數纖維和一基底係由相同聚合物所提供。
  8. 如請求項第1-4、7項之任一項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層係為固體且無孔隙。
  9. 如請求項第1-4、7項之任一項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層之厚度係為小於該石膏板之厚度的20%。
  10. 如請求項第1-4、7項之任一項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層之厚度係為小於5毫米。
  11. 如請求項第1項所述之構造板，其中該聚合物薄層係選自由聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、尼龍、縮醛樹脂、自增強聚丙烯、纖維玻璃以及膠木所構成的群組組合。
  12. 一種構造板，係用於建築結構，其包含具有二相對表面之石膏板、以及一設置於該石膏板之其中一該表面的纖維玻璃薄板，其特徵在於：其中該纖維玻璃薄板係包含有一含浸於樹脂內的不織布薄膜，且該纖維玻璃薄板之楊氏模數係為4500-8000百萬帕斯卡(MPa)。
  13. 一種構造板，係用於建築結構，其包含具有二相對表面之石膏板、以及一設置於該石膏板之其中一該表面的聚合物薄層，其特徵在於：其中該聚合物薄層之主要重量成份係為熱塑性材料，其維氏硬度值係大於0.06十億帕斯卡(GPa)。
  14. 一種隔板，係包含至少一個如請求項1、12或13之構造板，該構造板係裝設於一支撐結構上，且其中該構造板係以該聚合物薄層之一側朝向該支撐結構。
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CU24280B1 (es) 2017-11-07
EA201591119A1 (ru) 2015-11-30
CN104955639B (zh) 2018-12-04
MA38266A1 (fr) 2016-08-31
CA2894745C (en) 2021-02-23
HK1210743A1 (zh) 2016-05-06
MY170533A (en) 2019-08-15
CU20150059A7 (es) 2016-07-29
BR112015013719A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
KR20150094746A (ko) 2015-08-19
SG11201504626QA (en) 2015-07-30
MX2015007565A (es) 2016-05-16
US20150314565A1 (en) 2015-11-05
AR096006A1 (es) 2015-12-02
MA38266B1 (fr) 2017-10-31
EP2743075A1 (en) 2014-06-18
JP2016505736A (ja) 2016-02-25
CL2015001662A1 (es) 2015-11-27
NZ709867A (en) 2017-06-30
AU2013357303A1 (en) 2015-07-30
JP6393272B2 (ja) 2018-09-19
CA2894745A1 (en) 2014-06-19
AU2013357303B2 (en) 2017-02-02
EA028799B1 (ru) 2017-12-29
WO2014090924A1 (en) 2014-06-19
EP2743077A1 (en) 2014-06-18
CN104955639A (zh) 2015-09-30
UA115256C2 (uk) 2017-10-10
EP2931514A1 (en) 2015-10-21
PH12015501348A1 (en) 2015-09-14

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