TW201419636A - 用於二次電池之陽極及包含其之二次電池 - Google Patents
用於二次電池之陽極及包含其之二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201419636A TW201419636A TW102124691A TW102124691A TW201419636A TW 201419636 A TW201419636 A TW 201419636A TW 102124691 A TW102124691 A TW 102124691A TW 102124691 A TW102124691 A TW 102124691A TW 201419636 A TW201419636 A TW 201419636A
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- Prior art keywords
- anode
- based compound
- phosphate
- secondary battery
- weight
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 unsaturated carbonic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- IJTQSYOCOQYXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate phosphoric acid prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C(C=C)(=O)O.NC(=O)OCC.P(=O)(O)(O)O IJTQSYOCOQYXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本發明係提供一種用於二次電池的陽極以及一包括其之二次電池。該陽極包括一陽極混合物,該陽極混合物包括一陽極活性材料,該陽極混合物係塗佈於一電流收集器上,其中該陽極活性材料包括複數個鋰鈦氧化物(LTO)粒子,其與一交聯聚合物塗層配置於該陽極活性材料表面,其中具有該交聯聚合物塗層形成於其上的該些LTO粒子,其間形成一多孔結構,且該塗層之一交聯聚合物係一磷酸酯基化合物。
Description
本發明係關於一種用於二次電池的陽極以及一種包括其之二次電池,陽極中一包括一陽極活性材料的陽極混合物係塗佈於一電流收集器上,其中該陽極活性材料包括複數個鋰鈦氧化物(LTO)粒子,其與一交聯聚合物塗層配置於該陽極活性材料一表面上,其中具有該交聯聚合物塗層形成於其上的該些LTO粒子,其間形成一多孔結構,且該塗層之一交聯聚合物係一磷酸酯基化合物。
隨著行動裝置技術的持續發展以及要求不斷增加,對於作為能源之二次電池的要求正快速成長。在二次電池中,可展現高能量密度及操作潛力、具有較長的周期壽命、以及具有低自放電率的鋰二次電池,係可由市面上購得且被廣泛使用。
此外,近來對於環境問題的關注正在增加中,針對可替代:導致空氣汙染一主因之利用石化燃料的汽車(像是汽油車、柴油車、以及諸如此類等)之電動車(EVs)、油電混合車(HEVs)、以及諸如此類等的研究正在進行中。
作為EV、HEV、以及諸如此類等的能源,主要使用一鎳金屬氫化物(Ni-MH)二次電池。然而,針對具有高能量密度、高放電電壓、以及高輸出穩定性之鋰二次電池的研究正如火如荼地進行中,且一些鋰二次電池係可由市面上購得。
鋰二次電池具有一結構,其中將一電極組浸潤於一含鋰鹽之非水性電解質中,且該電極組包括:一藉由將一陰極活性材料塗佈於一陰極電流收集器上所製備之陰極;一藉由將一陽極活性材料塗佈於一陽極電流收集器上所製備之陽極;以及一配置於陰極及陽極之間的多孔分隔件。
這類鋰二次電池,考量活性材料的離子導電度,需要一定程度以上的電極孔隙度。
然而,在製備一包括電極活性材料之電極漿料的製程中,會出現電極孔隙度過度減少的情況,因此,可能會導致充電率(C-rate)的快速降低。
依據個別應用,二次電池需要一定程度以上的充電率(C-rate),尤其是,用於需要高功率之動力工具的二次電池或用於EV及HEV的二次電池,需要更高的充電率(C-rate)。
因此,亟需發展一種可解決上述問題的技術。
因此,已完成本發明以解決上述問題及其他尚未解決的技術問題。
經由各種不同廣泛且密集的研究及實驗,本發
明的發明人證實,當其一表面上塗佈有作為一交聯聚合物的一磷酸酯基化合物之鋰鈦氧化物用來作為一陽極活性材料,可達成所欲的效用,因而完成本發明。
依據本發明的一範疇,提供一種用於二次電池的陽極,其中一包括一陽極活性材料的陽極混合物係塗佈於一電流收集器上,其中該陽極活性材料包括複數個鋰鈦氧化物(LTO)粒子,其與一交聯聚合物塗層配置於該陽極活性材料一表面上,其中具有該交聯聚合物塗層形成於其上的該些LTO粒子,其間形成一多孔結構,且該塗層之一交聯聚合物係一磷酸酯基化合物。
依據本發明的該陽極利用其一表面上塗佈有一磷酸酯基化合物之LTO作為一陽極活性材料,由於一穩定的電極介面而可提高能量輸出特性並且亦提高壽命。
具體而言,即使該塗層形成於該LTO粒子的表面上,該LTO粒子仍具有一預定的多孔結構,因此,可增加該陽極活性材料膜層之具體表面積,並且可提高在孔洞之間的連通度(connectivity),結果,可增加電解質的浸潤率(impregnation ratio),導致充電與放電特性的提升。
亦即,該磷酸酯基化合物與自由基具有高反應性,因而被認為可透過改善聚合製程來提高該陽極活性材料的電化學穩定性。
具體而言,在充電及放電期間,一LTO電極可促進電解質分解反應(Ti4+<---→Ti3+),而鹽類陰離子可促進LTO催化及電化學反應。在這些方面上,一磷酸酯基團被認為
可藉由高穩定性結合至Ti3+、及透過與陰離子結合的還原反應性以減少液態電解質分解,並且亦可用來抑制所形成的薄膜之結構分解。
此外,用來作為一陽極活性材料的LTO作用為一催化劑,因而可促進該磷酸酯基化合物的交聯聚合反應,因此,可最大化上述效用。
在一實施例中,該磷酸酯基化合物可為至少一材料擇自由下列所組成之群組:一由下列式1所表示之磷酸酯基丙烯酸酯、一由下列式2所表示之焦磷酸酯基丙烯酸酯、以及一磷酸酯基胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯:
在式1及2中,R1及R2係各自獨立地為氫、一甲基、或F,以及n係一1至20的整數。
具體而言,在1及/或式2中,R1可為氫,以及n可為1。
該陽極可更包括一多官能化合物,其係與該磷酸酯基化合物聚合。
當該陽極活性材料的塗層以及與該磷酸酯基化合物聚合之該多官能化合物一起形成,可進一步提升電池之各種特性。
亦即,當藉由透過一能夠充份地調節鋰離子的結構而具有高結合親合力的該磷酸酯基化合物、與具有優異彈性的該多官能化合物之交聯聚合反應,來形成該陽極活性材料的塗層時,各個材料的電化學性質及機械性質可彼此互補。
在一實施例中,該多官能化合物可為至少一材料擇自由下列所組成之群組:一甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物、一不飽和碳酸基化合物、以及一乙烯基化合物。
該甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物係:每分子具有至少兩個丙烯酸酯基團之一甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物,並且該甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物可為一由下式3所表示之單體或一其寡聚物:
在式3中,R3、R4、以及R5係各自獨立地為氫或一經取代或未經取代之C1-C4烷基,以及m係一1至20的整數。
此外,該甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物可為至少一材料擇自由下列所組成之群組:二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(Di(EG)DA)、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(Di(EG)DM)、乙二醇
二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDM)、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(Di(PG)DA)、二丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(Di(PG)DM)、乙二醇二乙烯醚(EGDVE)、乙氧基化的(6)三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(ETMPTA)、二乙二醇二乙烯醚(Di(EG)DVE)、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(Tri(EG)DM)、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯(DPentA)、三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)、三羥甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTM)、丙氧基化的(3)三羥基甲丙烷三丙烯酸酯(PO(3)TMPTA)、丙氧基化的(6)三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(PO(6)TMPTA)、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PA1)、以及聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,然實施例不以此為限。
該多官能化合物亦可與該磷酸酯基化合物形成各種不同類型的共聚物,例如,一隨機共聚物、一嵌段共聚物、一接枝共聚合物或諸如此類等。
以100重量份的該陽極活性材料為基準,該磷酸酯基化合物的含量可介於0.01重量份及50重量份之間,尤其為介於1重量份及30重量份之間。
該磷酸酯基化合物的塗層之厚度可為0.001μm至10μm,尤其為0.1μm至5μm。
該陽極的孔隙度可介於10%及50%之間,尤其為介於30%及40%之間。
本發明所使用的「孔隙度」一辭意旨多孔材料的中空部分對於該多孔材料的總體積之一比率,並且亦意旨為孔洞度(degree of pores)或空隙比(void fraction)。
可利用一方法來製造依據本發明之該用於二
次電池的陽極,包括下列步驟:於一電流收集器上塗佈一陽極漿料,其包括LTO以作為一陽極活性材料,並且將該經塗佈之電流收集器進行乾燥(步驟(A));藉由將由步驟(A)所製備之該陽極浸潤於一溶液,以於LTO粒子的表面上形成一磷酸酯基化合物塗層,該磷酸酯基化合物係溶解於該溶液中(步驟(B));以及透過熱固化、藉由電子束或γ射線進行光固化、或於30℃至80℃之溫度下進行穩定化反應,以聚合該磷酸酯基化合物(步驟(C))。
在步驟(B)中,以一溶劑的重量為基準,該磷酸酯基化合物的含量可為0.1wt%至30wt%。
以該溶劑的重量為基準,當該磷酸酯基化合物的含量小於0.1wt%,難以形成該塗層。另一方面,以該溶劑的重量為基準,當該磷酸酯基化合物的含量超過30wt%,可能會降低鋰離子的傳送率,因而可能會劣化電池性能。這同樣地適用於該多官能化合物添加至該磷酸酯基化合物的情況。亦即,以該溶劑的重量為基準,該磷酸酯基化合物及該多官能化合物的總量(重量)可介於0.1wt%及30wt%之間,尤其為介於1至20wt%之間。
與該磷酸酯基化合物聚合的該多官能化合物可包括於步驟(B)的溶液中,以該溶劑的重量為基準,其含量為0.1wt%至10wt%,尤其為0.1wt%至0.5wt%。當該多官能化合物的含量過低,其效用乃不足。另一方面,當該多官能化合物的含量過高,可能會難以執行與該磷酸酯基化合物的聚合反應。
磷酸酯基化合物溶解於其中的該溶液可包括一聚合反應起始劑、一電解質溶液(塑化劑)、以及一鋰鹽。
該聚合反應起始劑的例子包括,但不限於,偶氮基化合物,例如2,2-偶氮基雙(2-氰基丁烷)、2,2-偶氮基雙(甲基丁腈)、2,2'-偶氮基異丁腈(AIBN)以及偶氮基雙二甲基-戊腈(AMVN);過氧基化合物,例如過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化乙醯、過氧化二月桂醯、過氧化二-三級丁基、過氧化異丙苯以及過氧化氫;以及氫過氧化物。具體地,該聚合反應起始劑可為AIBN、2,2'偶氮基雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)(V65)、二-(4-三級丁基環己烷)-過氧化二碳酸酯(DBC)或諸如此類等。
該聚合反應起始劑可於40至80℃的溫度下分解,以形成自由基並且可透過自由基聚合反應而與單體反應。一般而言,自由基聚合反應的進行係透過:起始反應,藉此暫時形成高反應性分子或活性位;增長反應,藉此添加單體至活性鏈末端,因而在鏈末端再次形成活性位;鏈轉移反應,藉此將該些活性位轉移至其他分子;以及終止反應,藉此破壞一活性鏈中心。此外,亦可進行不使用一聚合反應起始劑之聚合反應。
該電解質溶液亦可作為一塑化劑。例如,該電解質溶液可為一非質子有機溶劑,例如N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、丙烯碳酸酯(PC)、乙烯碳酸酯(EC)、丁烯碳酸酯(BC)、二甲基碳酸酯(DMC)、二乙基碳酸酯(DEC)、乙基甲基碳酸酯(EMC)、γ-丁內酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四羥基弗蘭克
(tetrahydroxy franc)、2-甲基四氫呋喃、二甲基亞碸、1,3-二噁戊烷、甲醯胺、二甲基甲醯胺、二噁戊烷、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二噁戊烷衍生物、環丁碸、甲基環丁碸、1,3-二甲基-2-四氫咪唑酮、丙烯碳酸酯衍生物、四氫呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯或丙酸乙酯。該電解質溶液可單獨使用或組合其至少兩者來使用。
該鋰鹽係一易溶於非水性電解質中而解離為鋰離子的材料。其例子包括LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、氯硼烷鋰、低脂肪族羧酸鋰、四苯硼酸鋰以及亞胺。這些鋰鹽可單獨使用或組合其至少兩者來使用。
以總固體為基準,該鋰鹽的含量可為0.01wt%至30wt%,具體地0.1wt%至20wt%。
此外,為了改善充電/放電特性及耐燃性,例如,吡啶、三乙基亞磷酸酯、三乙醇胺、環狀醚、乙二胺、n-甘醇二甲醚、六磷酸三醯胺、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亞胺染料、N-經取代的噁唑烷酮、N,N-經取代的咪唑啶、乙二醇二烷基醚、銨鹽、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化鋁或諸如此類等可添加至該電解質中。在一些情況下,為了提供耐燃性,該電解質可更包括一含鹵素溶劑,例如四氯化碳、三氯乙烯或諸如此類等。此外,為了改善高溫儲藏特性,該電解質可更包括二氧化碳氣體。
在另一實施例中,可使用一方法來製備依據本發明之該用於二次電池的陽極,包括下列步驟:於一電流收集器上塗佈一陽極漿料,其包括作為一陽極活性材料之LTO、以及該磷酸酯基化合物,並且將該經塗佈之電流收集器進行乾燥(步驟(a));以及於步驟(a)所製備之該陽極上藉由進行熱固化、由電子束或γ射線進行光固化、或於30℃至80℃之溫度下進行穩定化反應,以聚合該磷酸酯基化合物。
本發明係亦提供一種二次電池,其包括該用於二次電池的陽極。將該二次電池製備為具有一結構,其中一電解質係包括於一電極組中,該電極組包括一陰極、一陽極、以及一設置於該陰極及該陽極之間的分隔件。
該陰極的製備可藉由,例如,將一陰極活性材料、一導電材料以及一黏結劑的混合物塗佈於一陰極電流收集器上,並且乾燥及加壓該經塗佈之陰極電流收集器。若有需要,該混合物可更包括一填充劑。
該陰極電流收集器通常製造為3至500μm的厚度。可使用任何的陰極電流收集器而沒有特別限制,只要沒有造成在所製造的鋰二次電池中之化學變化並且具有高導電性即可。例如,該陰極電流收集器可由不鏽鋼、鋁、鎳、鈦、燒結碳、或表面經碳、鎳、鈦或銀所處理的鋁或不鏽鋼、或諸如此類等所製造。於該陰極電流收集器其一表面上可具有精細的不規則性以增加介於該陰極活性材料及該陰極電流收集器之間的附著。此外,該陰極電流收集
器可以包括薄膜、薄片、箔、網、多孔結構、發泡體以及不織布之各種不同的形式來使用。
該陰極活性材料的例子包括,但不限於,層狀化合物,例如鋰鈷氧化物(LiCoO2)及鋰鎳氧化物(LiNiO2)或經一或多個過渡金屬取代的化合物;由Li1+xMn2-xO4所表示的鋰錳氧化物,其中0x0.33,例如LiMnO3、LiMn2O3以及LiMnO2;鋰銅氧化物(Li2CuO2);釩氧化物,例如LiV3O8、LiV3O4、V2O5以及Cu2V2O7;具有式LiNi1-xMxO2的Ni-位置類型的鋰鎳氧化物,其中M=Co、Mn、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、B或Ga,以及0.01x0.3;鋰錳複合氧化物,其具有式LiMn2-xMxO2,其中M=Co、Ni、Fe、Cr、Zn或Ta,以及0.01x0.1,或具有式Li2Mn3MO8,其中M=Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn;LiMn2O4,其中部分的Li原子係經鹼土金屬離子取代;二硫化合物;以及Fe2(MoO4)3。
以包括該陰極活性材料的混合物之總重為基準,通常添加含量為0.01至50wt%之導電材料。作為該導電材料沒有特別限制,只要沒有造成在所製造的電池中之化學變化並且具有導電性即可。導電材料的例子包括石墨,例如天然或人工石墨;碳黑,例如碳黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽黑、爐黑、燈黑以及熱碳黑;導電纖維,例如碳纖維以及金屬纖維;金屬粉末,例如氟化碳粉末、鋁粉末以及鎳粉末;導電晶鬚;例如氧化鋅及鈦酸鉀晶鬚;導電金屬氧化物,例如氧化鈦;以及聚伸苯衍生物。
該黏結劑係一輔助介於一電極活性材料與該
導電材料之間的結合、以及該活性材料對一電極電流收集器的結合之組分。以包括該陰極活性材料的混合物之總重為基準,通常添加含量為1至50wt%的黏結劑。該黏結劑的例子包括多氟亞乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纖維素(CMC)、澱粉、羥基丙基纖維素、再生織維素、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三聚物(EPDM)、磺酸化EPDM、苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠、氟橡膠以及各種不同的共聚物。
該填充劑係一選擇性地用於抑制陰極膨脹的組分。該填充劑沒有特別限制,只要該填充劑係一不會造成在所製備的電池中之化學變化的纖維材料即可。填充劑的例子包括烯烴類聚合物,例如聚乙烯以及聚丙烯;以及纖維材料,例如玻璃纖維及碳纖維。
該陽極的製備可藉由:將一陽極活性材料塗佈至一陽極電流收集器上,並且乾燥該經塗佈的陽極電流收集器。在一些情況下,如上所述的其他組分可進一步塗佈於該陽極電流收集器上。
該陽極電流收集器通常製造為3至500μm的厚度。該陽極電流收集器沒有特別限制,只要沒有造成在所製造的二次電池中之化學變化並且具有導電性即可。例如,該陽極電流收集器可由銅、不鏽鋼、鋁、鎳、鈦、燒結碳、或表面經碳、鎳、鈦或銀所處理的鋁或不鏽鋼、以及一鋁鎘合金所製造。相似於該陰極電流收集器,於該陽極電流收集器其一表面上亦可具有精細的不規則性,以增
強介於該陽極電流收集器及該陽極活性材料之間的附著,並且可以包括薄膜、薄片、箔、網、多孔結構、發泡體以及不織布之各種不同的形式來使用。
該陽極活性材料可為如上所述的LTO。
具體而言,該LTO可為Li4Ti5O12、LiTi2O4或其一混合物,更具體地,可為Li4Ti5O12。
此外,該陽極活性材料的例子包括碳,例如硬碳及石墨基碳;金屬複合氧化物,例如LixFe2O3,其中0x1、LixWO2,其中0x1、SnxMe1-xMe’yOz,其中Me:Mn、Fe、Pb或Ge;Me':Al、B、P、Si、第I、II及III族元素或鹵素,0<x1,1y3,以及1z8;鋰金屬;鋰合金;矽基合金;錫基合金;金屬氧化物,例如SnO、SnO2、PbO、PbO2、Pb2O3、Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4或Bi2O5;導電聚合物,例如聚乙炔;以及Li-Co-Ni基材料,並且這些陽極活性材料可組合使用。
依據本發明的該二次電池可為一鋰二次電池,其例子包括,但不限於:一鋰金屬二次電池、一鋰離子二次電池、一鋰聚合物二次電池以及一鋰離子聚合物二次電池。該二次電池可製造為各種不同的形式。例如,可將該電極組製造為包括一膠卷結構、一堆疊結構、一堆疊/摺疊結構、以及諸如此類等之各種不同的形式,並且該二次電池可具有一結構,其中一電極組容納於像是包括一金屬層及一樹脂層的一圓柱罐、一稜柱罐或一壓合板之一電池盒中。這類構型係在所屬技術領域中所詳知的,因而其詳細
的說明將於本發明中省略。
該二次電池可用以作為一用於小型電子裝置以及如下所述之中型與大型裝置的電源。
本發明亦提供一種電池模組以及一種包括該電池模組的電池包,該電池模組包括該二次電池以作為一單位電池。
該電池包亦可用以作為需要高溫穩定性、長周期壽命以及高速特性之用於中型與大型裝置的電源。
中型與大型裝置的例子包括,但不限於,由電動馬達驅動的動力工具;電動車(EVs)、油電混合車(HEVs)、以及插入式油電混合車(PHEVs);電動二輪車,例如電動腳踏車(E-bikes)及電動機踏車(E-scooters);電動高爾夫車;以及電力儲存系統。
如從上述中明顯可見的,依據本發明之一種用於二次電池的陽極,利用其一表面上塗佈有一磷酸酯基化合物的鋰鈦氧化物作為一陽極活性材料,因此,由於一穩定的電極介面而可展現優異的高溫儲藏特性、高能量輸出特性以及優異的壽命特性。
從隨文檢附之圖式的下列詳細說明中,將更清楚地理解本發明的上述與其他目的、特徵以及其他優點,其中:圖1係顯示依據實施例2而在45℃的箱中所測得之循環特性圖。
現在將參照下列實施例來更詳細地描述本發明。這些實施例僅供用於說明本發明而不應理解為限制本發明的範疇及精神。
<實施例1>
陽極的製造
將作為一陽極活性材料的Li1.33Ti1.67O4、作為一導電材料的乙炔碳黑(Denka black)以及作為一黏結劑的PVdF以95:2.5:2.5的重量比添加至NMP中並將其進行混合,以製備一陽極混合物。接著,在一厚度為20μm的銅箔上將該陽極混合物塗佈至厚度為200μm的塗佈層,並且進行軋延及乾燥,藉此完成以一陽極的製造。
將所製造之陽極浸潤於一塗佈溶液中歷時30分鐘以於其上形成一塗層,該塗佈溶液係由將作為一磷酸酯基材料之由下式a所表示的磷酸酯基丙烯酸酯溶解於DMC溶劑中所製備,其含量基於該溶劑的重量為10wt%,接著利用電子束來照射所形成的結構,以於其上獲得一具有由該磷酸酯基化合物所形成的塗層之陽極。
電池的製備
將作為一陰極活性材料的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、作為
一導電材料的乙炔碳黑以及作為一黏結劑的PVdF以95:2.5:2.5的重量比添加至NMP中並將其進行混合,以製備一陰極混合物,接著,在一厚度為20μm的鋁箔上塗佈該陰極混合物,並且進行軋延及乾燥,藉此完成以一陰極的製造。
接著,將作為一分隔件的一聚乙烯膜(Celgard®,厚度:20μm)插設於所製造的陽極及陰極之間,並且將一含有溶解於EC/EMC(=1/2(vol%))中的1M LiPF6之液態電解質注入其中,藉此完成一袋狀電池的製備。
<實施例2>
除了使用其中R1係H以及n係1之式2的焦磷酸酯類丙烯酸酯來作為一磷酸酯基材料,以與實施例1相同的方法製造一袋狀電池。
<實施例3>
除了進一步將作為一多官能化合物之二季戊四醇戊丙烯酸酯(DPentA)添加至含有該磷酸酯基材料的該溶液中,以與實施例1相同的方法製造一袋狀電池;其中以該溶劑的重量為基準,DPentA含量為0.2wt%。
<實施例4>
除了進一步將作為一多官能化合物之DPentA添加至含有該磷酸酯類材料的該溶液中,以與實施例2相同的方法製造一袋狀電池;其中以該溶劑的重量為基準,DPentA含量為0.2wt%。
<實施例5>
陽極的製造
將作為一陽極活性材料的Li1.33Ti1.67O4、作為一導電材料的乙炔碳黑以及作為一黏結劑的PVdF以95:2.5:2.5的重量比添加至NMP中並將其進行混合,以製備一陽極混合物。接著,在一厚度為20μm的銅箔上將該陽極混合物塗佈至厚度為200μm的塗佈層,並且進行軋延及乾燥,藉此完成以一陽極的製造。
將所製造之陽極浸潤於一塗佈溶液中歷時30分鐘以於其上形成一塗層,該塗佈溶液係由將作為一磷酸酯基材料之由下式a所表示的磷酸酯基丙烯酸酯溶解於DMC溶劑中所製備,其含量基於該溶劑的重量為0.2wt%,接著利用電子束來照射所形成的結構,以於其上獲得一具有由該磷酸酯基化合物所形成的塗層之陽極。
電池的製備
將作為一陰極活性材料的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、作為一導電材料的乙炔碳黑以及作為一黏結劑的PVdF以95:2.5:2.5的重量比添加至NMP中並將其進行混合,以製備一陰極混合物,接著,在一厚度為20μm的鋁箔上塗佈該陰極混合物,並且進行軋延及乾燥,藉此完成以一陰極的製造。
接著,將作為一分隔件的一聚乙烯膜(Celgard®,厚度:20μm)插設於所製造的陽極及陰極之間,並且將一含
有溶解於EC/EMC(=1/2(vol%))中的1M LiPF6之液態電解質注入其中,藉此完成一袋狀電池的製備。
<實施例6>
除了進一步將作為一多官能化合物之DPentA添加至含有該磷酸酯類材料的該溶液中,以與實施例5相同的方法製造一袋狀電池;其中以該溶劑的重量為基準,DPentA含量為0.2wt%。
<比較例1>
除了沒有將磷酸酯基丙烯酸酯添加至所製造的陽極中,以與實施例1相同的方法製造一袋狀電池。
<比較例2>
除了使用一由式a的化合物添加至該溶劑中所製備的塗佈溶液,以與實施例1相同的方法製造一2016硬幣電池(2016 coin cell);其中以該溶劑的重量為基準,式a的化合物含量為40wt%。
<實施例1>
將在實施例1至6及比較例1至2中所製造的電池(預定電容:10.2mAh)於2.75V下進行形成,並且在2.75V-1.6V的電壓下進行各個電池的充電率(C-rate)充電/放電循環以確認其放電電容。結果顯示於下面表1中。
<實施例2>
在一45℃的箱室中於1.6V至2.75V的電壓下且於5C下進行充電及放電的期間,測量實施例1與3以及比較例1與2的電池之5C/5C循環特性。測量結果顯示於圖1中。
雖然已為了說明的目的而揭露本發明的較佳實施例,熟習此技藝者可清楚知悉,在不背離如下檢附的申請專利範圍中所揭露之本發明的範疇及精神下可進行各種不同的修飾、添加及替換。
Claims (22)
- 一種用於二次電池的陽極,包括一陽極混合物,其包括一陽極活性材料,該陽極混合物係塗佈於一電流收集器上,其中該陽極活性材料包括複數個鋰鈦氧化物(LTO)粒子,其與一交聯聚合物塗層配置於該陽極活性材料的表面上,其中具有該交聯聚合物塗層形成於其上的該些LTO粒子,其間形成一多孔結構,且該塗層之一交聯聚合物係一磷酸酯基化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陽極,其中該磷酸酯基化合物係至少一材料擇自由下列所組成之群組:一由下列式1所表示之磷酸酯基丙烯酸酯、一由下列式2所表示之焦磷酸酯基丙烯酸酯、以及一磷酸酯基胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陽極,更包括一多官能化合物,其係與該磷酸酯基化合物聚合。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之陽極,其中該多官能化合物係至少一材料擇自由下列所組成之群組:一甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物、一不飽和碳酸基化合物、以及一乙烯基化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之陽極,其中該甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物係:每分子具有至少兩個丙烯酸酯基團之一甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之陽極,其中該甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物係一由下式3所表示之單體或一其寡聚物:
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之陽極,其中該甲基丙烯酸酯基化合物係至少一材料擇自由下列所組成之群組:二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(Di(EG)DA)、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(Di(EG)DM)、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDM)、二丙烯二丙烯酸酯(Di(PG)DA)、二丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(Di(PG)DM)、乙二醇二乙烯醚(EGDVE)、乙氧基化的(6)三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(ETMPTA)、二乙二醇二乙烯醚(Di(EG)DVE)、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(Tri(EG)DM)、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯(DPentA)、三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)、三羥甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTM)、丙氧基化的(3)三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(PO(3)TMPTA)、丙氧基化的(6)三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸 酯(PO(6)TMPTA)、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PA1)、以及聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陽極,其中,以100重量份的該陽極活性材料為基準,該磷酸酯基化合物的含量為0.01重量份至50重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陽極,其中由該磷酸酯基化合物所形成之該交聯聚合物塗層的厚度為0.001μm至10μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之陽極,其中該陽極的孔隙度為10%至50%。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用於二次電池之陽極的製造方法,包括:於一電流收集器上塗佈一陽極漿料,其包括鋰鈦氧化物(LTO)以作為一陽極活性材料,並且將該經塗佈之電流收集器進行乾燥;藉由將上述步驟所製備之該陽極浸潤於一溶液,以於LTO粒子的表面上形成一磷酸酯基化合物塗層,該磷酸酯基化合物係溶解於該溶液中;以及透過熱固化、藉由電子束或γ射線進行光固化、或於30℃至80℃之溫度下進行穩定化反應,以聚合該磷酸酯基化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之製造方法,其中,以一溶劑的重量為基準,該磷酸酯基化合物的含量為0.1wt%至30wt%。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之製造方法,其中該溶液包括一聚合反應起始劑、一電解質溶液(塑化劑)、以及一鋰鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之製造方法,其中,以固體的總重為基準,該鋰鹽的含量為1wt%至30wt%。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之製造方法,其中,以一溶劑的重量為基準,一與該磷酸酯基化合物聚合的多官能化合物係包括於該用於成形之溶液中,其含量為0.1wt%至10wt%。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用於二次電池之陽極的製備方法,該方法包括:於一電流收集器上塗佈一陽極漿料,其包括作為一陽極活性材料之鋰鈦氧化物(LTO)、以及該磷酸酯基化合物,並且將該經塗佈之電流收集器進行乾燥;以及於該塗佈所製備之該陽極上藉由進行熱固化、由電子束或γ射線進行光固化、或於30℃至80℃之溫度下進行穩定化反應,以聚合該磷酸酯基化合物。
- 一種二次電池,包括如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項所述之用於二次電池的陽極。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項所述之二次電池,其中該二次電池係一鋰二次電池。
- 一種電池模組,包括如申請專利範圍第18項所述之二次電池以作為一單元電池。
- 一種電池包,包括如申請專利範圍第19項所述之電池模組。
- 一種裝置,包括如申請專利範圍第20項所述之電池包。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之裝置,其中該裝置係一電動車、一油電混合車、一插入式油電混合車、或一用於儲能之系統。
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CN104380504A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
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EP2874207A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
CN104380504B (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
BR112014031293B1 (pt) | 2021-07-13 |
EP2874207A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
US10109862B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
JP6203834B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
US20150079467A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
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