TW201343358A - 用於製備高分子物件之方法及所得之物件 - Google Patents

用於製備高分子物件之方法及所得之物件 Download PDF

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TW201343358A
TW201343358A TW102107098A TW102107098A TW201343358A TW 201343358 A TW201343358 A TW 201343358A TW 102107098 A TW102107098 A TW 102107098A TW 102107098 A TW102107098 A TW 102107098A TW 201343358 A TW201343358 A TW 201343358A
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Diing Yaw Chieng
Hung Than Mar
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Abstract

本發明係關於一種製備聚合物物件之方法,該方法包括步驟:將含有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物與含有羧酸化基團之第二化合物混合,製成聚合物溶液,將該聚合物溶液塗覆至模型上,其中在製備該聚合物溶液之2小時內進行該塗覆步驟,並固化該聚合物溶液。該聚合物溶液可含有由氫氧化銨組成之pH調整劑。

Description

用於製備高分子物件之方法及所得之物件
本發明係有關製備聚合物物件之方法及所得之物件,及更特定言之係關於用於降低製備此等物件之時間及成本之方法。
可自多種原料及依多種方法製備聚合物物件。典型地,由液態之有機化合物在該等化合物可以發生交聯從而形成固態彈性體聚合物物件之製程中混合在一起。已知的製程相當耗能且耗時,且可能包括(例如)浸塗法與射出成型法。特定言之,用以製備聚合物物件之已知方法在化合物共同反應之後通常具有耗時幾天之熟成步驟。藉由硫化步驟之進一步交聯作用相當緩慢。此外,用於製備聚合物物件之許多方法包括移除表面雜質之瀝濾步驟,該步驟亦可能相當耗時。所有該等步驟均增加製備聚合物物件時所需的成本。
希望提供一種製備聚合物物件之改良方法,藉由縮短製備時所需時間來降低成本,包括減少用於熟成、硫化及瀝濾之時間。亦希望提供可降低對化學敏感物之感受性之聚合物物件。
根據第一態樣,製備聚合物物件之一方法包括以下步驟:由含有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物與含有羧酸化基團之第二化合物反應,製成聚合物溶液,將該聚合物溶液塗覆至模型上,其中在製備該聚合物 溶液之2小時內進行該塗覆步驟,然後固化該聚合物溶液。該聚合物溶液可含有由氫氧化銨所組成之pH調整劑。
熟習此項技藝者自前述揭示內容及以下不同實施例之更詳細說明即可明瞭本發明在製備聚合物物件技術中提供一項重要的進步。關於此方面的特別重要之處在於本發明有潛力在大幅降低成本下提供高品質聚合物物件。可根據下文提供之詳細說明明瞭不同實施例之其他特徵及優點。
熟習此項技藝者(亦即彼等具有此技術領域相關知識或經驗者)咸了解製備本文所揭示聚合物物件時,可能有許多用法及設計之變化。以下有關不同替代性特徵及實施例之詳細論述將提及薄壁聚合物物件之製法舉例說明本發明之一般原理。熟習此項技藝者咸了解有利於本發明之其他適用於其他應用之實施例。
本發明係有關於製備聚合物物件之方法。可利用本文所述方法製得之聚合物物件之代表性實例包括醫用、手術及/或實驗室手套及保險套。其他適宜之聚合物物件為熟習此項技藝者咸了解可提供本發明效益者。有利地,藉由本文所揭示方法製得之聚合物物件可以不含諸如硫、氧化鋅、硬脂酸之交聯劑及諸如胺基甲酸酯、噻唑、甲硫碳醯胺(thiuram)、硫脲、次磺醯胺、黃原酸酯、胍類及其衍生物之加速劑。
根據一項實施例,聚合物物件之製法包括使含有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物與含有羧酸化基團之第二化合物混合,製成聚合物溶液。將該聚合物溶液塗覆至模型,然後固化該聚合物溶液。根據一項極有利的特徵,該聚合物溶液可在製備聚合物溶液之2小時內塗覆至模 型,大幅縮短總製備時間。
如本文所用,術語「聚合物」為包含重複結構單元之大分子,且可以是包括均聚物、共聚物、三聚物及其修飾物(包括聚合物之混合物)之彈性體聚合物或乳膠。術語聚合物溶液為至少一種含有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物與含有羧酸化基團之第二化合物、及任何必需溶劑之混合物。聚合物物件為藉由本文所揭示方法形成之物件(諸如一雙手套)。
具有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物之適宜實例包括(例如)具有官能基碳二亞胺基-N=C=N-之脂族或芳族單-、二-、三-、四-、寡-或聚-碳二亞胺,及其混合物。適宜單-碳二亞胺之實例包括(但不限於)二環己基碳二亞胺、二異丙基碳二亞胺、二甲基碳二亞胺、二異丁基碳二亞胺、二-第三丁基碳二亞胺、第三丁基異丙基碳二亞胺、二辛基碳二亞胺、二苯基碳二亞胺、N,N'-雙(2-甲基苯基)碳二亞胺、1,3-二-對甲苯基碳二亞胺、二-β-萘基碳二亞胺、乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳二亞胺、1,3-雙(三甲基矽烷基)碳二亞胺、N-(第三丁基)-N'-(2,6-二氯苯基)碳二亞胺、N-(第三丁基)-N'-(1-(2-氯苯基)-1-甲基乙基)碳二亞胺及N-丁基-N'-(1-(2-氯苯基)-1-甲基乙基)碳二亞胺。適宜聚-碳二亞胺之實例包括(例如)其末端具有芳族、脂族或脂環族二異氰酸酯之聚碳二亞胺及其混合,例如,二異氰酸四甲基伸二甲苯基酯、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯、二異氰酸4,4'-二環己基甲酯、甲苯-2,4-二異氰酸酯、甲苯-2,6-二異氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4-二異氰酸酯、1,4-伸苯基二異氰酸酯、二環己基甲烷-4,4'-二異氰酸酯、3-異氰醯基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基環己基異氰酸酯、1,6-己基二異氰酸酯、1,4-環己基-二異氰酸酯、降冰片基二異氰酸酯、二異氰酸1,5-伸萘基酯、二異氰酸4,4-二苯基二甲基甲酯、二異氰酸1,3-伸苯基酯、二異氰酸六亞甲基酯、二異氰酸伸二甲苯基酯、及二異氰酸甲基環己酯。其他適宜之碳二亞胺為熟習此項技 藝者咸了解可提供本發明效益者。
含有羧酸根基團之第二化合物之適宜實例包括(例如)改質之天然橡膠乳膠、合成聚合物,諸如丙烯腈丁二烯、異戊二烯、苯乙烯、氯丁二烯、乙烯、乙烯氯及其共聚物、摻合物及混合物。聚合物中之羧酸根基團包括(例如)羧酸(諸如丙-2-烯酸、2-甲基丙烯酸、2-亞甲基丁二酸、(Z)-丁烯二酸、(E)-丁烯二酸及(E)-丁-2-烯酸),或其與丙-2-烯酸酯(諸如丙烯酸之甲酯、乙酯、丁酯、2-乙基己酯及2-羥乙酯)之酸酐,或除了丙-2-烯酸之外之丙烯酸系單體(諸如丙烯醯胺及丙烯腈),或a-甲基苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯或類似者。於一實例中,該第二化合物可以是含2-甲基丙烯酸之丙烯腈三聚物,其中2-甲基丙烯酸當量含量佔基質聚合物之約1至10%(以乾重計),較佳為佔基質聚合物之2至7%(以乾重計)。具有羧酸根基團之其他適宜聚合物為熟習此項技藝者咸了解可提供本發明效益者。
聚合物溶液包括具有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物、具有羧酸根基團之第二化合物及諸如去礦物質水之水之混合物。根據一項極有利特徵,該聚合物溶液中亦可包含弱鹼作為pH調整劑。該弱鹼可包括(例如)佔溶液總重量約5-10%重量濃度之氫氧化銨。該聚合物溶液亦可包含添加劑,諸如:抗氧化劑(諸如對甲酚與環戊二烯之丁基化反應產物(BPC)、抗臭氧化劑(諸如石蠟)、礦物填料、潤滑劑、芳香劑、著色劑、殺生物劑、增稠劑、消泡劑、潤濕劑、顏料(諸如二氧化鈦)。
根據一項極有利特徵,聚合物溶液可於緩和條件下混合,諸如在30-40℃下緩慢攪拌2小時以下、或1小時以下、或甚至30分鐘以下。因此,塗覆聚合物溶液之步驟可在製備聚合物溶液步驟之2小時內、1小時內、或甚至30分鐘內進行。此短時間熟成步驟不需要讓大量聚合物溶液在製備地點存放多日。
一旦製得聚合物溶液且準備用於塗覆時,即可塗覆至模型。術 語「模型」廣義地理解為標準形狀之模型,諸如聚合物溶液於固化之前所塗覆之元件,且可包括(例如)用於浸塗法中之模型。根據所期望聚合物物件,用於射出成型法之模穴表面亦可作為模型。
浸塗法中,在模型浸泡於聚合物溶液中之步驟之前,需要預處理該模型之步驟。該步驟可包括(例如)以包含至少一種表面活性劑、釋離劑及離子性溶液之預塗料預處理模型。例如,預塗料可包括預塗料第一溶液(8-20重量%鈣離子之第一溶液)、預塗料第二溶液(0.05-0.25重量%非離子性無聚矽氧之表面活性劑之第二溶液)及預塗料第三溶液(0.5-2.5重量%預先均質化之釋離劑之第三溶液)之混合物。模型可具有經塗覆(例如,藉由浸塗法)及於110-130℃下乾燥60秒或以上之預塗層。較佳地,當聚合物溶液塗覆至模型時,該模型具有約50-60℃之表面溫度。
一旦準備好模型,即可將聚合物溶液塗覆在模型上。此可利用許多不同方法中之一完成。例如,可在一般環境條件下將(視需要經預塗覆之)模型浸漬於聚合物溶液中持續一段有限時間期(5-20秒),然後乾燥。可在110-130℃之烘箱中乾燥30-60秒。結果係該模型塗覆有濕凝膠。視情況,可利用溫和有機酸處理此濕凝膠,以助於降低該濕凝膠之pH。視情況,預瀝濾步驟亦可包括將該已塗覆濕凝膠之模型浸漬於溫水中。亦可將潤滑劑施加至該濕凝膠。可將半乾燥濕凝膠之邊緣向下捲以形成珠狀物。該珠狀物可有助於聚合物物件自該模型剝離。
除了縮短製備時間外,亦可縮短聚合物溶液之固化步驟。使聚合物溶液固化獲得中間物固體。例如,若第一化合物為丁二烯丙烯腈彈性體乳膠時,可加速固化步驟,可於較低溫度下進行且可在20分鐘內形成固化羧酸化腈乳膠。更佳地,該固化步驟可於80-130°,或甚至80-90℃溫度下之烘箱中進行8至20分鐘、或12至16分鐘。
中間固形物或乳膠可接著經過瀝濾步驟,以移除表面雜質。根據一項極有利特徵,亦可縮短該瀝濾步驟所需要的時間,因為不需要移除加速劑、硫、氧化鋅或其他交聯劑。該瀝濾步驟之進行可藉由將乳膠浸入50-60℃溫度之水中僅持續50-120秒,較佳僅持續50-70秒。一旦完成該瀝濾步驟,即可乾燥乳膠,及可自模型取出所得聚合物物件(諸如厚度0.03至0.33 mm之薄壁物件,可形成手套、手指套、保險套、氣球、膀胱袋、導管、管線、橡皮筋、止血帶、彈性帶、隔膜、牙科用阻隔膜(dental dam)、鞘等)。視情況,藉由上文所揭示方法形成之所得產品可容許在控制濕度之室內永久定型12-24小時。
實例1-5.在約30℃之溫度下,使表1所示配方混合約60分鐘,製得聚合物物件。將含有羧酸根基團之市售化合物(ELx-A、ELx-B、ELx-C、ELx-E及ELx-F)與碳二亞胺化合物(CDI)及氫氧化銨、抗氧化劑(對甲酚與環戊二烯之丁基化反應產物(BPC))、及二氧化鈦(TiO2)一起混合。聚合物溶液中各組份的量係基於含有羧酸根基團之化合物之100乾物重量份數計算。將去礦物質水添加至化合物,製成含有15-20%固形物之調配物。依序使用預塗料、然後使用表1之各種不同聚合物溶液均勻塗覆乾淨的模型。於130℃下,讓模型上之濕凝膠固化15分鐘。自模型上剝離固化膜及調理24小時。
MAA=2-甲基丙烯酸
測試根據實例1-5所製得各薄膜之拉伸強度(TS)、伸長率、ASTM D-412之300%彈性模數及500%彈性模數、破裂伸長率(Eb)、於甲苯(LS-t)及環己酮(LS-c)中之耐溶劑性。該等測試之結果示於表2中。該等結果顯示,使用碳二亞胺化合物可以使羧酸化化合物有效交聯,使所製得之聚合物物件具有高拉伸強度及具有良好化學抗性耐受非極性甲苯(線性膨脹<85%)及極性環己酮(線性膨脹<123%)。
膜線性膨脹:於甲苯中(LS-t);於環己酮中(LS-c)。
實例6-9.採用如實例1之相同方法,但改採用如表3所示含不同類型碳二亞胺化合物(CDI)(5份/100份羧酸化化合物)之調配物,製得薄壁聚合物物件。膜特性如表4中所顯示。結果顯示碳二亞胺化合物可與含有羧酸根基團之化合物有效交聯,製得具有高拉伸強度之薄壁聚合物物件。相較於實例1-5,該等聚合物物件在高劑量CDI下,對極性及非極性溶劑具有更強的化學抗性。
Eq=碳二亞胺當量,為1莫耳碳二亞胺基之化學式重量。例如,CDI eq.430意指聚碳二亞胺聚合物鏈中每1莫耳碳二亞胺基具有430 g之平均重量。
膜線性膨脹:於甲苯中(LS-t);於環己酮中(LS-c)。
實例10-15.利用如實例1之相同方法,但改採用如表5中所示含有不同劑量CDI(當量430)之調配物製得薄膜聚合物物件。聚合物物件特徵如表6中所示。結果顯示CDI之用量在約1至15份數/100份羧酸化化合物時,可製得具有不同化學抗性程度之薄膜。數據亦顯示極性溶劑貫穿彈性膜之貫穿漏液時間在330分鐘以上。
膜線性膨脹:於甲苯中(LS-t);於環己酮中(LS-c);於己烷中 (LS-h);於丙酮中(LS-a),BT-c=環己酮貫穿彈性膜之貫穿時間。
對照實例
實例16.擷用美國專利公開案2002/0114943 A1之實例中之無加速劑及無硫調配物製備彈性膜,如表7所示。使用氧化鋅(ZnO)使羧酸化乳膠交聯。使用氫氧化鉀溶液(KOH)調整化合物pH至約9.5。
實例17.擷用美國專利案6,451,893之實例中之無鋅調配物製備彈性膜,如表7所示。使用加速劑二正丁基二硫代胺基甲酸鋅(ZDBC)及巰基苯并噻唑鋅(ZMBT)及硫使羧酸化乳膠交聯。併入抗氧化劑2,2'-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-丁基苯酚)(MBPC)。
實例18.使用包含加速劑、硫及氧化鋅之傳統式調配物製備彈性膜,如表7所示。
實例19.擷用WO 2011/068394之自交聯羧酸化腈乳膠(X-NBR-SXL)製備彈性膜,如表7所示。
膜特性如表8中所示。膜之物理特性良好,但膜之化學抗性不如 本發明聚合物物件之實施例。對照實例之環己酮貫穿膜之貫穿漏液時間明顯較短。
膜線性膨脹:於甲苯中(LS-t);於環己酮中(LS-c);BT-c=環己酮貫穿彈性膜之貫穿時間。
實例20-23.使用如實例11之相同調配物,但改在80至130℃之不同溫度下固化15分鐘,製備彈性手套。所得特徵如表9中所示。結果顯示該等手套具有良好物理性質及化學抗性。耐久性挑戰試驗顯示CDI交聯手套可穿戴3小時以上,在人出汗狀態實際實驗室工作條件下無破損。
於環己酮中之膜線性膨脹(LS-c)。
耐久性=手套於實際工作條件下發生破解、破裂或撕裂(尤其在叉狀部分(crotches)之處)之前的穿戴時間。
實例24-27.使用如實例11中之相同調配物,但改在添加碳二亞胺至乳膠中後1至168小時之適用時間內之不同階段進行浸塗,製得薄膜聚合物物件。膜特徵如表10中所顯示。
於環己酮中之膜線性膨脹(LS-c);耐久性=手套於實際工作條件下發生裂解、破裂或撕裂(尤其在叉狀部分之處)之前的穿戴時間。
從前述揭示內容及特定實施例之詳細論述,咸了解可在不脫離本發明真範疇及精神下進行不同修改、新增及其他替代實施例。例如,於某些實施例中,氧化鋅可與該第一化合物及該第二化合物組合使用,對所得聚合物物件無明顯影響。選擇並闡述所論述實施例以提供本發明原理及其實際應用之最佳說明,藉以讓熟習此項技藝者可在不同實施例中及在配合所涵蓋特定用途之不同修改下使用本發明。根據如附錄之請求項所確定之公平、合法及公正揭示之範圍所闡明,所有此等修改及變化均仍在本發明範疇內。

Claims (20)

  1. 一種製備聚合物物件之方法,該方法(以組合方式)包括以下步驟:將含有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物與含有羧酸化基團之第二化合物混合,製備聚合物溶液;將該聚合物溶液塗覆至模型,其中在製備該聚合物溶液之2小時內進行該塗覆步驟;及固化該聚合物溶液。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中塗覆該聚合物溶液至模型之步驟包括將該模型浸入該聚合物溶液中。
  3. 如請求項1之方法,其中該聚合物溶液進一步包含去礦物質水。
  4. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包括利用預塗料預處理模型之步驟,其中該預塗料包含至少一種表面活性劑、釋離劑及離子性溶液。
  5. 如請求項1之方法,其中該製備聚合物溶液之步驟係在不使用硫、氧化鋅及/或加速劑下完成。
  6. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包括使聚合物物件與模型剝離之步驟。
  7. 如請求項1之方法,其中該塗覆步驟係在該製備聚合物溶液之步驟之1小時內進行。
  8. 如請求項7之方法,其中該塗覆步驟係在該製備聚合物溶液之步驟之30分鐘內進行。
  9. 如請求項1之方法,其中該固化步驟持續8至20分鐘。
  10. 如請求項9之方法,其中該固化步驟持續12至16分鐘。
  11. 如請求項1之方法,其中該固化步驟係固化聚合物溶液,形成固 化羧酸化腈乳膠,及其進一步包括於該固化步驟之後瀝濾該乳膠50-120秒之步驟。
  12. 如請求項11之方法,其中該瀝濾乳膠之步驟係在固化步驟之後進行50-70秒。
  13. 如請求項1之方法,其中該固化步驟係於80-90℃之溫度下進行。
  14. 一種藉由如前述請求項中任一項之方法形成之產品。
  15. 一種自固化之羧酸化腈乳膠形成之聚合物物件,其以組合方式包括:含有碳二亞胺基之第一化合物,含有羧酸化基團之第二化合物,及由氫氧化銨組成之pH調整劑。
  16. 如請求項15之聚合物物件,其中該乳膠係不含含硫交聯劑、氧化鋅、硬脂酸及加速劑中之任何一者。
  17. 如請求項16之聚合物物件,其中該加速劑包括胺基甲酸酯、噻唑、甲硫碳醯胺(thiuram)、硫脲、次磺醯胺、黃原酸酯、胍或其衍生物。
  18. 如請求項15之聚合物物件,其中該乳膠進一步包含至少一種顏料。
  19. 如請求項15之聚合物物件,其中該乳膠進一步包含抗氧化劑及抗臭氧化劑。
  20. 如請求項15之聚合物物件,其中該聚合物物件為具有0.03 mm至0.33 mm厚度之薄壁物件。
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