TW201335949A - 用於導電性漿料之有機載體 - Google Patents
用於導電性漿料之有機載體 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201335949A TW201335949A TW101140867A TW101140867A TW201335949A TW 201335949 A TW201335949 A TW 201335949A TW 101140867 A TW101140867 A TW 101140867A TW 101140867 A TW101140867 A TW 101140867A TW 201335949 A TW201335949 A TW 201335949A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- organic vehicle
- conductive paste
- organic
- surfactant
- slurry
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hexoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCOCCO GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)C DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 terpoxacin Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006352 transparent thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100341868 Mus musculus Kcp gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000004460 N cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100341869 Xenopus laevis kcp gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis[(2-oxo-1,3,2$l^{5},4$l^{2}-dioxaphosphaplumbetan-2-yl)oxy]lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007130 inorganic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YAFKGUAJYKXPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J lead tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Pb](F)(F)F YAFKGUAJYKXPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D139/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D139/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
- C09D139/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種用於製備導電性銀漿料之有機載體。該有機載體包含有機黏合劑、界面活性劑及有機溶劑。本發明之較佳實施例使用PVP、PMMA或PVB中之至少一者作為有機黏合劑,允許與金屬顆粒高度相容,且產生黏度低而可進行細線印刷之導電性漿料。本發明之另一態樣係關於一種導電性漿料組合物。該較佳實施例使用金屬顆粒、玻璃料以及包含黏合劑(亦即PVP、PMMA或PVB中之至少一者)、界面活性劑及有機溶劑之有機載體。
Description
本申請案主張2011年11月4號提交之美國臨時專利申請案第61/555,858號的優先權。該申請案之揭示內容以全文引用的方式併入本文中。
本發明係關於如用於太陽電池板技術中之導電性漿料。特定言之,在一個態樣中,本發明係關於一種用於調配導電性漿料之有機載體。本發明之另一態樣係關於一種導電性漿料組合物。本發明之另一態樣係關於一種太陽能電池,其係藉由塗覆由金屬顆粒、玻璃料及有機載體構成之導電性漿料產生。
太陽能電池為使用光伏打效應將光能轉換成電之裝置。太陽能為極具吸引力之綠色能源,因為其具有可持續性,且其產生之副產物無污染性。因此,目前大量的研究致力於開發更加有效之太陽能電池同時又不斷地降低材料及製造成本。當光照射至太陽能電池時,一部分入射光被表面反射而剩餘的光則透射至太陽能電池中。透射光中之光子被太陽能電池吸收,太陽能電池通常由諸如矽之半導體材料製成。來自吸收之光子的能量激發半導體材料原子中的電子,產生電子-電洞對。接著此等電子-電洞對被p-n接面分離且由施加在太陽能電池表面上之導電電極收集。
最常見之太陽能電池為基於矽之太陽能電池,更尤其為由矽製成之P-N接面,其係藉由將n型擴散層施加至p型矽基板上,與兩個電接觸層或電極耦接而成。在p型半導體中,摻雜劑原子添加至半導體中以增加自由電荷載流子之數量(正電洞)。在矽之情況下,三價原子取代至晶格中。本質上,摻雜材料自半導體原子中取走結合微弱之外圍電子。p型半導體之一個實例為具有硼或鋁摻雜劑之矽。太陽能電池亦可由n型半導體製成。在n型半導體中,摻雜劑原子提供了額外的電子至主基板,產生過量的負電子電荷載流子。該等攙雜原子通常比一種類型主基板原子具有更多的價電子。最常見之實例為用含有五個結合鬆散之價電子之第V族元素(磷、砷、銻)的原子來取代含有四個價電子之第IV族固體(矽、鍺、錫)。n型半導體之一個實例為具有磷摻雜劑之矽。
為了將太陽能電池對太陽光之反射降至最低,在n型擴散層或p型擴散層上塗覆抗反射塗料(ARC),諸如氮化矽、氧化矽、氧化鋁或氧化鈦,以增強偶合至太陽能電池中之光的量。ARC通常不導電,且亦可鈍化矽基板之表面。
通常矽太陽能電池在其正表面及反表面塗覆導電性漿料。作為金屬化製程之一部分,背面接觸通常先塗覆至矽基板上,諸如藉由將銀漿料或銀/鋁漿料網版印刷至反面,以形成焊接墊。下一步,將鋁漿料塗覆至基板之整個反面以形成反表面電場(BSF),然後使電池乾燥。下一步,用一種不同類型之導電性漿料,可將金屬接觸網版印刷至正面抗反射層上作為正面電極。電池表面或正面上光進入之此電接觸層通常以由「手指線」及「匯流條」製成之網格圖案存在,而非完整的一層,此係因為該等金屬網格材料通常不透光。接著將正面與反面均印刷有漿料之矽基板在700-975℃之溫度下燒製。燒製之後,正面漿料蝕刻穿過抗反射層,在金屬網格與半導體之間形成電接觸,且
將金屬漿料轉換成金屬電極。在反面,鋁擴散至矽基板中,作為產生BSF之摻雜劑。所得到之金屬電極可使電流在太陽電池板中連接之太陽能電池中流進流出。
舉例而言,典型太陽能電池之描述及其製造方法可見於歐洲專利申請公開案第1 713 093號。
為組裝太陽電池板,將多個太陽能電池串聯及/或並聯連接在一起,且第一個電池及最後一個電池之電極末端較佳連接至輸出配線。太陽能電池通常囊封於透明的熱塑性樹脂中,諸如矽橡膠或乙烯醋酸乙烯酯。在進行囊封之透明熱塑性樹脂的正表面上置放一層透明玻璃。在進行囊封之熱塑性樹脂下置放反面保護材料,例如具有優良機械性能及優良耐候性之塗有聚氟乙烯膜之一層聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯。該等層疊材料可在適當真空爐裏加熱以移除空氣,然後藉由加熱及擠壓形成一體。此外,因為太陽能電池通常會置於空氣中很長一段時間,所以最好用由鋁或相似材料組成之框架材料覆蓋太陽能電池的周圍。
典型導電性漿料含有金屬顆粒、玻璃料(玻璃顆粒)及有機載體。此等組分必須仔細挑選以充分利用所得到之太陽能電池的潛能。舉例而言,需要使金屬漿料與矽表面之間以及金屬顆粒本身之間最大程度地接觸,使得電荷載流子可流過界面及指紋線至匯流條。組合物中之玻璃顆粒蝕刻穿過抗反射塗層,以幫助金屬與n+型矽之間建立接觸。另一方面,玻璃之侵蝕性不可過強以免在燒製之後分流P-N結。因此,需要將接觸電阻降至最低,同時要保持P-N接面完整,以提高效率。由於在金屬層與矽晶圓之界面中存在玻璃之絕緣效應,所以已知之組合物具有高接觸電阻,以及其他不利方面,諸如在接觸區域具有高重組。此外,有機載體之組成亦可影響所得到之太陽能電池的潛能。有機載體可影響導電性漿料之黏度,從而影響其可印刷性。其亦
可影響印刷線之性能,從而影響所產生之太陽能電池的總效率。因此,需要一種最優化導電性漿料之黏度的有機載體組合物。
本發明提供一種用於導電性漿料之有機載體,該有機載體包含含有聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)中之至少一種的黏合劑、界面活性劑及有機溶劑。根據另一實施例,有機載體進一步包含搖變劑。
根據本發明之一個態樣,黏合劑為約1-10 wt.%。
根據本發明之另一態樣,界面活性劑為有機載體之約1-20 wt.%。根據另一實施例,界面活性劑為有機載體之約1-10 wt.%。根據本發明之另一態樣,界面活性劑為DISPERBYK®-108、DISPERBYK®-116、TEGO® DISPERS 665或TEGO® DISPERS 662 C中之至少一者。根據另一態樣,界面活性劑為含有色素親和基團之羥基官能羧酸酯、含有色素親和基團之丙烯酸酯共聚物、含有色素親和基團之改質聚醚或含有色素親和基團之化合物中的至少一者。
根據本發明之另一態樣,有機溶劑為卡必醇、萜品醇、己基卡必醇、特沙酯醇(texanol)、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇醋酸酯或己二酸二甲酯中之至少一者。
本發明亦提供一種用於太陽能電池技術之導電性漿料,其包含金屬顆粒、玻璃料及有機載體,該有機載體包含含有PVP、PMMA或PVB中之至少一者的黏合劑、界面活性劑及有機溶劑。
根據本發明之一個態樣,金屬顆粒為漿料之約60-90 wt.%。金屬顆粒較佳為漿料之約80 wt.%。根據本發明之另一態樣,金屬顆粒為銀、金、銅及鎳中之至少一者。
根據本發明之另一態樣,玻璃料為漿料之約1-10 wt.%。玻璃料較佳為約5 wt.%。
根據本發明之另一態樣,其中有機載體為漿料之約1-20 wt.%。有機載體較佳為漿料之約15 wt.%。根據本發明之另一態樣,有機載體進一步包含搖變劑。
根據本發明之另一態樣,有機載體包含1-10 wt.%(佔有機載體)黏合劑。
根據本發明之另一態樣,有機載體包含1-20 wt.%(佔有機載體)界面活性劑。根據另一實例,有機載體包含1-10 wt.%(佔有機載體)界面活性劑。
本發明進一步提供一種太陽能電池,其係藉由將本發明之導電性漿料塗覆於矽晶圓且燒製該矽晶圓來產生。
圖1A為印刷於矽晶圓上之根據實例1之示例導電性漿料的乾燥銀手指線之俯視相片。
圖1B為如圖1A中所示之乾燥銀手指線的側視相片,與手指線垂直。
圖2A為印刷於矽晶圓上之根據實例2之示例導電性漿料的燒製銀手指線之俯視相片。
圖2B為如圖2A中所示之乾燥銀手指線的側視相片,與手指線垂直。
本發明教示一種如用於導電性漿料中之有機載體。導電性漿料組合物通常包含:金屬顆粒、玻璃料及有機載體。雖然不侷限於此類應用,但該等漿料可用於形成太陽能電池中之電接觸層或電極。特定言之,該等漿料可應用於太陽能電池之正面或太陽能電池之反面。
本發明之一個態樣係關於導電性漿料之有機載體組分的組成。理想的有機載體為黏度低,可進行細線印刷,且在與金屬顆粒組合時
穩定性最佳者。有機載體通常由有機黏合劑、有機溶劑及界面活性劑構成。
根據一個實施例,有機載體包含黏合劑、界面活性劑及有機溶劑。黏合劑包含聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)中之至少一者。
有機載體之較佳實施例由約1-10 wt.%作為有機黏合劑,較佳分子量為5000至5000000道爾頓(Dalton)之聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、約1-10 wt.%界面活性劑及約50-70 wt.%有機溶劑組成。有機載體可包括約1-10 wt.%乙基纖維素作為額外黏合劑。所有重量百分比均以有機載體之重量百分比表示。包括PVP可提高漿料的均勻擴散能力,且其與銀顆粒高度相容。根據另一較佳實施例,界面活性劑可為以下任何物質:含有色素親和基團之羥基官能羧酸酯(包括但不限於BYK USA Inc.製造之DISPERBYK®-108)、含有色素親和基團之丙烯酸酯共聚物(包括但不限於BYK USA Inc.製造之DISPERBYK®-116)、含有色素親和基團之改質聚醚(包括但不限於Evonik Tego Chemie GmbH製造之TEGO ® DISPERS 655)或含有高度色素親和基團之界面活性劑(包括但不限於Evonik Tego Chemie GmbH製造之TEGO® DISPERS 662 C)。此外,有機溶劑可為任何以下物質:卡必醇、萜品醇、己基卡必醇、特沙酯醇、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇醋酸酯或己二酸二甲酯。有機載體亦可包含搖變劑。一般技術者熟悉之任何搖變劑均可用於本發明之有機載體。舉例而言(而不侷限於),搖變劑可來源於天然來源,例如蓖麻油,或其可為合成的。市售搖變劑亦可用於本發明中。根據較佳實施例之有機載體通常展示140-200 kcPs之黏度及5-10之搖變指數。
有機載體之另一較佳實施例包含約1-10 wt.%作為有機黏合劑,較佳分子量為5000至5000000道爾頓之聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、約1-20 wt.%界面活性劑及約50-70 wt.%有機溶劑。有機載體可包括約1-10
wt.%乙基纖維素作為額外黏合劑。所有重量百分比均以有機載體之重量百分比表示。
其他有機黏合劑亦展現用於導電性漿料所需要之可印刷性及相容性。有機載體可包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)中之至少一者作為有機黏合劑。在另一實施例中,有機載體包含約1-10 wt.%作為有機黏合劑之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB),以及約1-10 wt.%界面活性劑、約50-70 wt.%有機溶劑,以及約1-10 wt.%作為額外黏合劑之乙基纖維素。所有重量百分比均以有機載體之重量百分比表示。有機載體亦可包含如熟習此項技術者已知之搖變劑。
在另一實施例中,有機載體包含約1-10 wt.%作為有機黏合劑之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB),以及約1-20 wt.%界面活性劑,及約50-70 wt.%有機溶劑。另外,有機載體可包含約1-10 wt.%乙基纖維素作為額外黏合劑。所有重量百分比均以有機載體之重量百分比表示。有機載體亦可包含熟習此項技術者已知之搖變劑。
本發明之另一態樣係關於一種導電性漿料。導電性漿料組合物包含約80 wt.%(佔漿料)金屬顆粒、約5 wt.%(佔漿料)玻璃料及約15 wt.%(佔漿料)有機載體。導電性漿料中之有機載體包含約1-10 wt.%(佔有機載體)黏合劑、約1-10重量%(佔有機載體)界面活性劑及約50-70 wt.%(佔有機載體)有機溶劑。根據一個實施例,黏合劑可為PVP、PMMA或PVB中之任一者。熟習此項技術者已知之搖變劑亦可包括於有機載體中。金屬顆粒較佳為銀,但亦可為鋁、金顆粒、銅、鎳顆粒或熟習此項技術者已知之其他導電性金屬顆粒,或其組合。
根據另一實施例,金屬顆粒佔總漿料之約60-90 wt.%,且較佳為銀。
玻璃料為漿料之約1-10 wt.%,且可係基於鉛或無鉛。基於鉛之玻璃料包含氧化鉛或其他基於鉛之化合物,包括但不限於:鹵化鉛、硫屬化鉛、碳酸鉛、硫酸鉛、磷酸鉛、硝酸鉛之鹽類及有機金屬鉛化合物或可在熱分解期間形成氧化鉛或鹽之化合物。無鉛玻璃料可包括熟習此項技術者已知之其他氧化物或化合物。舉例而言,可使用矽、硼、鋁、鉍、鋰、鈉、鎂、鋅、鈦或鋯的氧化物或化合物。其他玻璃基質成形劑或玻璃改質劑,諸如氧化鍺、氧化釩、氧化鎢、氧化鉬、氧化鈮、氧化錫、氧化銦、其他鹼金屬及鹼土金屬(諸如K、Rb、Cs及Be、Ca、Sr、Ba)化合物、稀土金屬氧化物(諸如La2O3、氧化鈰)、氧化磷或金屬磷酸鹽、過渡金屬氧化物(諸如氧化銅及氧化鉻)或金屬鹵化物(諸如氟化鉛及氟化鋅)亦可為玻璃組合物之一部分。
玻璃料可用熟習此項技術者已知之任何製程製造。舉例而言(而不限於),將適當量之個別成分的粉末混合,在空氣中或含氧氛圍中加熱粉末混合物,形成熔融質,使熔融質驟冷,研磨且球磨經驟冷之物質,且篩選經碾磨之物質,以得到具有所需粒徑之粉末。舉例而言,玻璃料組分可呈粉末形式用V梳形摻合機混合在一起。接著混合物可加熱(例如至約800-1200℃)約30-40分鐘。玻璃可隨即驟冷,呈現沙樣一致性。此粗玻璃粉可隨即諸如用球磨機或噴射磨機碾磨,直至達到極細的粉末。通常,玻璃料可碾磨至0.01-10 μm,較佳0.1-5 μm之平均粒徑。
在另一實例中,可使用習知固相合成來製備本文所述之玻璃料。在此情況下,原材料真空密封在熔融石英管或鉭管或鉑管中,接著加熱至約700-1200℃。材料在此高溫下停留約12-48小時,隨後緩慢冷卻(約每分鐘0.1℃)至室溫。在某些情況下,固相反應可在氧化鋁坩堝中在空氣中進行。
在另一實例中,可用共沈澱來形成無機反應系統。在此製程
中,藉由調整pH值或者併入還原劑,使金屬元素還原且與其他金屬氧化物或氫氧化物共沈澱,形成含有金屬陽離子之溶液。此等金屬、金屬氧化物或氫氧化物之沈澱隨後乾燥且在真空中在約400-600℃下燒製,形成細粉。
有機載體為總漿料之約1-20 wt.%。有機載體本身包含約1-10 wt.%黏合劑、約1-20 wt.%界面活性劑及約50-70 wt.%有機溶劑。有機載體中亦可包括熟習此項技術者已知之搖變劑。
導電性漿料可藉由此項技術中已知或有待開發之任何製備漿料組合物之方法製備。只要產生均勻分散之漿料,製備方法並非關鍵。舉例而言(但不限於),漿料組分可接著諸如用混合機混合,通過三輥碾磨機,例如以製成均一分散之漿料。本發明之範疇亦包括呈粉末形式或懸浮於液體介質中之添加劑。此類漿料可隨即用例如網版印刷將其施加於矽基板之抗反射層,然後燒製成矽基板上之電極(電觸層),用來形成太陽能電池。
一種有機載體藉由將60 wt.%萜品醇(佔有機溶劑)、5 wt.% PVP、20 wt.% Dispers655、1-10 wt.%乙基纖維素及5 wt.%搖變劑組合來製備。混合物在攪拌的同時加熱至80℃之溫度,接著保持總共30分鐘。載體隨即冷卻且用三輥碾磨機碾磨,直至達到均勻一致性。高達20 wt.%(佔漿料)之載體接著與約80 wt.%(佔漿料)銀顆粒及約5 wt.%(佔漿料)玻璃料用快速混合機混合。混合物隨即用三輥碾磨機碾磨,直至形成均一分散之漿料。所得到之漿料經網版印刷於矽晶圓上,速度150 mm/s,絲網325(目)×0.9(密耳,線直徑)×0.6(密耳,乳膠厚度)×50 μm((手指線開口)(Calendar網),且經印刷之晶圓隨即以適當輪廓燒製。
另一有機載體藉由將約60 wt.%(佔有機載體)萜品醇、5 wt.% PVP、20 wt.% BYK662C、1-10 wt.%乙基纖維素及5 wt.%搖變劑組合來製備。混合物在攪拌的同時加熱至80℃,接著保持總共30分鐘。載體隨即冷卻且用三輥碾磨機碾磨,直至達到均勻一致性。高達20 wt.%(佔漿料)載體接著與約80 wt.%(佔漿料)銀顆粒及約5 wt.%(佔漿料)玻璃料用快速混合機混合。混合物隨即用三輥碾磨機碾磨,直至形成均一分散之漿料。所得到之漿料經絲網印刷於矽晶圓上,速度150 mm/s,絲網325(目)×0.9(密耳,線直徑)×0.6(密耳,乳膠厚度)×50 μm((手指線開口)(Calendar網),且經印刷之晶圓隨即以適當輪廓燒製。
圖1A及1B展示了使用根據例1之示例漿料印刷之乾燥手指線。乾燥之線寬77.3 μm,且高17.7 μm。該等線縱向邊緣非常均一,且手指線之高度變化極小,亦即沒有峰及谷。圖2A及2B中,同樣的手指線在燒製後保持縱向邊緣及高度均一性。燒製之手指線寬80 μm,且高13.0 μm。
使用示例導電性漿料製成之太陽能電池使用I-V測試儀測試。I-V測試儀中之氙弧光燈用於模仿具有已知強度之太陽光且照射太陽能電池之正表面,產生I-V曲線。由此曲線,可確定此量測方法常用之各種參數,該等參數用於比較電性能,包括太陽能電池效率(N電池)、短路電流強度(Isc)、開路電壓(Voc)、填充因子(FF)、串聯電阻(Rs)、三種標準光強下串聯電阻(Rs3)及正面柵極電阻(GRFr3或R正)。所有數據彙編於表1。
如表1中列出之結果所示,示例漿料展現了可行的串聯電阻(Rs)及正面柵極電阻(GRFr3或R正),獲得較好的導電性及總體太陽能電池效率(N電池)。
熟習此項技術者自前述說明書顯而易見本發明之此等優勢及其他優勢。因此,熟習此項技術者將認識到,在不脫離本發明之廣泛概念下對上述實施例可進行改變或修改。任何特別實施例中之特定尺寸僅出於說明之目的來描述。因此,應瞭解,本發明不侷限於本文所述之特定實施例,而欲包括在本發明之範疇及精神內之所有改變及修改。
Claims (20)
- 一種用於導電性漿料之有機載體,其包含:黏合劑,其包含聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)中之至少一者;界面活性劑;及有機溶劑。
- 如請求項1之有機載體,其中該有機載體進一步包含搖變劑。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之有機載體,其中該黏合劑為有機載體之約1-10 wt.%。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之有機載體,其中該界面活性劑為有機載體之約1-20 wt.%。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之有機載體,其中該界面活性劑為有機載體之約1-10 wt.%。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之有機載體,其中該界面活性劑為含有色素親和基團之羥基官能羧酸酯、含有色素親和基團之丙烯酸酯共聚物、含有色素親和基團之改質聚醚或含有色素親和基團之化合物中的至少一者。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之有機載體,其中該有機溶劑為卡必醇、萜品醇、己基卡必醇、特沙酯醇(texanol)、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇醋酸酯或己二酸二甲酯中之至少一者。
- 一種用於太陽能電池技術中之導電性漿料,其包含:金屬顆粒;玻璃料;及有機載體,其包含含有PVP、PMMA或PVB中之至少一者的黏合劑、界面活性劑及有機溶劑。
- 如請求項8之導電性漿料,其中該等金屬顆粒為漿料之約60-90 wt.%。
- 如請求項8至9中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該等金屬顆粒為漿料之約80 wt.%。
- 如請求項8至10中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該等金屬顆粒為銀、金、銅及鎳中之至少一者。
- 如請求項8至11中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該玻璃料為漿料之約1-10 wt.%。
- 如請求項8至12中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該玻璃料為漿料之約5 wt.%。
- 如請求項8至13中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該有機載體為漿料之約1-20 wt.%。
- 如請求項8至14中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該有機載體為漿料之約15 wt.%。
- 如請求項8至15中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該有機載體進一步包含搖變劑。
- 如請求項8至16中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該有機載體包含1-10 wt.%(佔有機載體)黏合劑。
- 如請求項8至17中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該有機載體包含約1-20 wt.%(佔有機載體)界面活性劑。
- 如請求項8至18中任一項之導電性漿料,其中該有機載體包含1-10 wt.%(佔有機載體)界面活性劑。
- 一種太陽能電池,其係藉由將如請求項8至19中任一項之導電性漿料塗覆於矽晶圓,且燒製該矽晶圓來產生。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161555858P | 2011-11-04 | 2011-11-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201335949A true TW201335949A (zh) | 2013-09-01 |
TWI574280B TWI574280B (zh) | 2017-03-11 |
Family
ID=47146143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW101140867A TWI574280B (zh) | 2011-11-04 | 2012-11-02 | 用於導電性漿料之有機載體 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10170645B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2590177B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6185229B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20130049751A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103709572B (zh) |
SG (1) | SG189677A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI574280B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201208283B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI577742B (zh) * | 2014-06-20 | 2017-04-11 | 賀利氏貴金屬北美康舍霍肯有限責任公司 | 用於導電性漿料之有機載體 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2654085B1 (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2017-08-23 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken LLC | Inorganic reaction system for electroconductive paste composition |
TW201349254A (zh) | 2012-04-17 | 2013-12-01 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | 用於太陽能電池接點的導電厚膜膏 |
US20140374671A1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-25 | Xerox Corporation | Conductive metal inks with polyvinylbutyral and polyvinylpyrrolidone binder |
US20140374672A1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-25 | Xerox Corporation | Conductive metal inks with polyvinylbutyral binder |
US9374907B2 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2016-06-21 | Xerox Corporation | Method of improving sheet resistivity of printed conductive inks |
KR101648253B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-08-12 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
TW201529655A (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-08-01 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | 用於導電性糊料之含有丙烯酸系樹脂之有機載體 |
DE102014104272A1 (de) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Träger und Clip jeweils für ein Halbleiterelement, Verfahren zur Herstellung, Verwendung und Sinterpaste |
CN103943167B (zh) * | 2014-04-18 | 2016-06-08 | 西安交通大学 | 一种Ag(V,Nb)/稀土晶体硅太阳电池合金浆料及其制备方法 |
EP2952486A1 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2015-12-09 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken LLC | Dielectric glass composition |
JP6753675B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-20 | 2020-09-09 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | 電極形成用組成物、ならびにこれを用いて製造された電極および太陽電池 |
KR101733161B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-31 | 2017-05-08 | 엘에스니꼬동제련 주식회사 | 태양전지용 전극 페이스트 조성물 및 이를 사용하여 제조된 태양전지 |
EP3267491A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-10 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Process for producing highly conductive, printable pastes from capillary suspensions |
KR102220531B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-23 | 2021-02-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극과 태양전지 |
KR102214471B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-08 | 2021-02-08 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | R2r 그라비아 인쇄 방법을 이용한 전기화학 센서 태그 제조 방법 |
CN114049985B (zh) * | 2021-08-18 | 2022-12-02 | 中南大学 | 一种导电浆料有机载体及其制备和应用 |
CN114843004A (zh) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-02 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | 一种导电银浆及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115975323B (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-12-12 | 广州市儒兴科技股份有限公司 | 一种导电浆料用有机载体及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2943362B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-12 | 1999-08-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 導電性インキならびに導電性厚膜パターンの形成方法 |
EP0452118B1 (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1996-08-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Conductive ink composition and method of forming a conductive thick film pattern |
US5242623A (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1993-09-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Screen-printable thick film paste composition |
DE69431173T2 (de) * | 1993-06-16 | 2003-05-08 | Du Pont | Mit Wasser reinigbare Dickfilmpastenzusammensetzung |
JP3767362B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-13 | 2006-04-19 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層型セラミック電子部品の製造方法 |
US7736693B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2010-06-15 | Cima Nanotech Israel Ltd. | Nano-powder-based coating and ink compositions |
JP4487542B2 (ja) | 2003-11-27 | 2010-06-23 | Tdk株式会社 | 積層セラミック電子部品用の導電体ペーストおよび積層セラミック電子部品用の積層体ユニットの製造方法 |
JP2008513565A (ja) * | 2004-09-14 | 2008-05-01 | シーマ ナノ テック イスラエル リミティド | インクジェット印刷が可能な組成物 |
US20060231802A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-19 | Takuya Konno | Electroconductive thick film composition, electrode, and solar cell formed therefrom |
US20070144577A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Rubin George L | Solar cell with physically separated distributed electrical contacts |
US20080145633A1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2008-06-19 | Cabot Corporation | Photovoltaic conductive features and processes for forming same |
EP2752470A1 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2014-07-09 | Inktec Co., Ltd. | Process for preparation of silver nanoparticles, and the compositions of silver ink containing the same |
KR101623597B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-25 | 2016-05-23 | 헤레우스 프레셔스 메탈즈 노스 아메리카 콘쇼호켄 엘엘씨 | 은과 니켈 또는 은과 니켈 합금을 포함하는 후막 컨덕터 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 태양 전지 |
KR20080112624A (ko) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-26 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 전자파 차폐 필터용 미세패턴 형성방법 |
KR101316253B1 (ko) | 2007-06-27 | 2013-10-08 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 도전성 페이스트 조성물, 이를 포함하는 전극 및 상기전극의 제조방법 |
US7736546B2 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2010-06-15 | Basf Se | Glass frits |
US8506849B2 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2013-08-13 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Additives and modifiers for solvent- and water-based metallic conductive inks |
RU2505889C2 (ru) * | 2008-06-18 | 2014-01-27 | Басф Се | Способ изготовления электродов для солнечных батарей |
EP2295507A4 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2012-10-31 | Univ Keio | INK COMPOSITION |
US8294024B2 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2012-10-23 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Processes for forming photovoltaic devices |
KR20110025614A (ko) | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 태양전지의 후면 전극용 알루미늄 페이스트 |
KR20110117390A (ko) | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-27 | 에스에스씨피 주식회사 | 태양전지용 전극 페이스트 및 이를 사용하여 제조된 태양전지 |
EP3070062A1 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2016-09-21 | E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company | Thick-film pastes containing lead- and tellurium-oxides, and their use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
-
2012
- 2012-11-02 ZA ZA2012/08283A patent/ZA201208283B/en unknown
- 2012-11-02 JP JP2012242472A patent/JP6185229B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-02 KR KR1020120123760A patent/KR20130049751A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-02 US US13/667,293 patent/US10170645B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-02 TW TW101140867A patent/TWI574280B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-11-02 EP EP12007476.0A patent/EP2590177B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-11-05 CN CN201210435426.0A patent/CN103709572B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-08 SG SG2012082889A patent/SG189677A1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI577742B (zh) * | 2014-06-20 | 2017-04-11 | 賀利氏貴金屬北美康舍霍肯有限責任公司 | 用於導電性漿料之有機載體 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10170645B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
JP6185229B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
JP2013165056A (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
EP2590177A2 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
EP2590177A3 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
CN103709572A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
US20130112261A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
ZA201208283B (en) | 2013-07-31 |
SG189677A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 |
CN103709572B (zh) | 2019-03-19 |
TWI574280B (zh) | 2017-03-11 |
EP2590177B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
KR20130049751A (ko) | 2013-05-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI574280B (zh) | 用於導電性漿料之有機載體 | |
TWI595510B (zh) | 用於太陽能電池接點之導電厚膜膏的碲無機反應系統 | |
KR101908738B1 (ko) | 태양 전지 접촉용 전도성 후막 페이스트 | |
TWI552975B (zh) | 含有金屬奈米顆粒之導電膠組合物 | |
TWI594269B (zh) | 低金屬含量導電漿料組成物 | |
JP2015528178A (ja) | 接着促進剤を有する導電性ペースト | |
TW201631604A (zh) | 用於導電膠組合物之玻璃組合物 | |
JP2015171988A (ja) | 鉛−テルル無機反応系 | |
BR102012028301A2 (pt) | Veículo orgânico, pasta eletrocondutora e célula solar | |
KR101835921B1 (ko) | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 | |
KR20190062217A (ko) | 전기전도성 페이스트용 수계 비히클 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |