TW201323997A - 液晶顯示裝置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明提供一種液晶顯示裝置。上述液晶顯示裝置包括一第一基板,其具有一畫素單元,畫素單元具有一畫素電極;一第二基板,其具有一對向電極;一第一偏光片,設置於上述第一基板下方;一第二偏光片,設置於上述第二基板上方,且其偏光軸與上述第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直;一摻入手性劑之液晶層,設置於上述第一基板與上述第二基板之間,其中摻入手性劑之上述液晶層的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)為0.2<d/p<0.3,光學相位延遲(R)為0.6<R<0.95,其中□,d為液晶層厚度,p為摻入手性劑之節距,Δn為摻入手性劑之上述液晶層雙折射係數,λ為入射光光波長。
Description
本發明係有關於一種液晶顯示裝置,特別係有關於一種液晶顯示器,具高穿透率特性且能避免產生灰階反轉現象。
液晶顯示裝置係利用液晶分子在不同排列狀態下,對於光線具有不同的偏振或折射效果的特性來控制光線的穿透量,進而使液晶顯示裝置得以產生影像。傳統扭轉向列型(Twisted Nematic,TN)液晶顯示裝置,具有非常好的穿透特性,但受到液晶分子結構與光學特性的影響,相對其視角非常狹窄。因此如何讓顯示器同時兼具廣視角與高的光利用率,將對面板顯示技術造成新的突破。
為了解決此問題,近來業者已開發出垂直配向型(Vertical Alignment,VA)的廣視角液晶顯示裝置,例如:圖形垂直配向型(Patterned Vertical Alignment,PVA)液晶顯示裝置、多區域垂直配向型(Multi-domain Vertical Alignment,MVA)液晶顯示裝置等;其中PVA型是利用邊緣場效應及補償板達到廣視角的目的。至於MVA型則是將一個像素分隔成多個區域,並使用突起物或銦錫氧化物透明導電膜(ITO)之特定圖形結構,使位於不同區域的液晶分子能夠朝不同方向傾倒,因此可以同時達到廣視角與提升穿透率的作用。
然而,目前VA型液晶顯示裝置主要會遭受灰階反轉的問題。理論上液晶顯示裝置從零灰階(黑色)到二五五灰階(白色)應該是灰階數越高則越亮,但是液晶顯示裝置在某個大角度的時候有可能看到低灰階反而比高灰階還亮,也就是看到類似黑白反轉的現象,這種現象稱之為灰階反轉。而灰階反轉是液晶顯示裝置無法接受的影像品質。
有鑑於此,如何提升液晶顯示裝置的穿透率且同時避免產生灰階反轉現象,是當前顯示器技術的重要課題。
有鑑於此,本發明另一實施例係提供一種液晶顯示裝置,上述液晶顯示裝置包括一第一基板,其具有至少一畫素單元,上述畫素單元係具有一畫素電極;一第二基板,其具有一對向電極;一第一偏光片,設置於上述第一基板下方;一第二偏光片,設置於上述第二基板上方,且其偏光軸與上述第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直;一摻入手性劑之液晶層,設置於上述第一基板與上述第二基板之間,其中摻入手性劑之上述液晶層的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)為0.2<d/p<0.3,光學相位延遲(R)為0.6<R<0.95,其中,d為液晶層厚度,p為摻入手性劑之節距,Δn為液晶材料雙折射係數,λ為入射光光波長。
本發明另一實施例係提供一種液晶顯示裝置,上述液晶顯示裝置包括一第一基板,其具有至少一畫素單元,上述畫素單元係具有一畫素電極;一第二基板,其具有一對向電極;一第一偏光片,設置於上述第一基板下方;一第二偏光片,設置於上述第二基板上方,且其偏光軸與上述第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直;一摻入手性劑之液晶層,設置於上述第一基板與上述第二基板之間,其中摻入手性劑之上述液晶層的光程差(Δnd)為330<Δnd<500,液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)為0.2<d/p<0.3,其中Δn為液晶材料雙折射係數,d為液晶層厚度,p為摻入手性劑之節距。
以下以各實施例詳細說明並伴隨著圖式說明之範例,做為本發明之參考依據。在圖式或說明書描述中,相似或相同之部分皆使用相同之圖號。且在圖式中,實施例之形狀或是厚度可擴大,並以簡化或是方便標示。再者,圖式中各元件之部分將以分別描述說明之,值得注意的是,圖中未繪示或描述之元件,為所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所知的形式。
本發明之目的在於提供一種液晶顯示裝置,可提升顯示區域整體的穿透率且不致於產生灰階反轉現象,上述液晶顯示裝置係使用摻入手性劑(Chiral)之液晶材料做為液晶顯示裝置的液晶層。
第1圖為本發明一實施例之液晶顯示裝置500的剖面圖。本發明一實施例的液晶顯示裝置500可為垂直配向(VA)型液晶顯示裝置。如第1圖所示,液晶顯示裝置500包括相對設置且大體上互相平行的一第一基板214和一第二基板208。在本發明一實施例中,第一基板214可視為一薄膜電晶體基板,其係包含一基底212、至少一畫素單元。畫素單元具有一畫素電極216以及一薄膜電晶體(圖未顯示),設置在基底212上。在本發明一實施例中,基底212例如是玻璃基板。另外,各畫素單元之間可設有黑色矩陣(圖未顯示)。
第二基板208可視為一彩色濾光片基板,其具有一基底204、一對向電極206及彩色濾光片(圖未顯示),另外,各彩色濾光片之間可設有黑色矩陣(圖未顯示)。
液晶顯示裝置500更包括一第一偏光板218以及一第二偏光板210,第一偏光板218係設置於第一基板214下方,第二偏光板210係設置於第二基板208上方。在本發明一實施例中,第一偏光板218及第二偏光板210的偏光軸互相垂直。在本發明一實施例中,液晶顯示裝置500更包括一第一補償膜222,位於第一基板214和第一偏光板218之間,以及一第二補償膜224,位於第二基板208和第二偏光板210之間。
如第1圖所示,液晶顯示裝置500的液晶層202係設置於第一基板214與第二基板208之間。在本發明一實施例中,液晶層202所使用的液晶分子為向列型液晶材料,其可為負型向列型液晶,亦可為正型向列型液晶。且液晶層202係添加有旋光性物質,例如添加手性劑(chiral),因此液晶層202的液晶分子會沿一軸向扭轉因而具有旋光性,此軸向係平行於第一基板214之法線。
第2圖為本發明一實施例之液晶顯示裝置200的電極圖樣的上視圖。第2圖係顯示位於第一基板214(薄膜電晶體基板)側的畫素電極216以及位於第二基板208(彩色濾光片基板)側的對向電極206的最小單位圖樣。
第3a圖為第一基板214和第二基板208之間無施加電場時,液晶顯示裝置500的液晶層202的液晶分子203排列之側視圖,其中第一偏光板218和第二偏光板210中的箭頭方向係分別為兩者的偏光軸方向。第3b圖為第一基板214和第二基板208之間施加電場時,液晶顯示裝置500的液晶層202的液晶分子203排列之側視圖。如第3b圖所示,液晶分子203係從第一基板214至第二基板208逐漸扭轉,而且逐漸傾倒至水平後又逐漸站立。隨施加電場值提升,液晶分子完全傾倒呈水平排列之範圍也隨之擴大,其中液晶分子扭轉角度可藉由調整手性劑濃度來決定。若以d表示液晶層厚度,並以p表示手性劑節距,則液晶分子扭轉量可以d/p比值來表示。
請參考附件1和附件2,附件1係顯示使用未添加手性劑的液晶製成的液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域穿透率示意圖,而附件2係顯示使用添加手性劑的液晶製成的液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域穿透率示意圖,上述附件1和附件2顯示的液晶顯示裝置的電極圖樣與第2圖相同。如附件1和附件2所示,由於添加手性劑的液晶分子本身的扭轉,會使顯示區域中因液晶分子未傾倒或傾倒角度錯誤而產生的光學暗紋變細變淡,達到高穿透率的目的。
請同時參考第4a至4c圖和第5圖。第4a至4c圖分別為添加手性劑之垂直配向(VA)型液晶顯示裝置在正視視角(視角等於0度)、45度視角及水平視角(視角等於90度)的情形下,液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數變化所對應的穿透率-電壓曲線,其中VA型液晶顯示裝置之液晶層的光程差(Δnd)設計為500nm,其中d為液晶層厚度,p為摻入手性劑之節距,Δn表示液晶層之雙折射係數(亦即快軸及慢軸之間的折射率差)。第5圖為利用穿透率-電壓曲線解釋灰階反轉(delta T)現象的定義,當電壓上升時(例如從V1至V2),穿透率下降(電壓V1對應的穿透率T1減電壓V2對應的穿透率T2的值大於零,意即delta T=T1-T2>0),即發生灰階反轉現象。如第4a圖所示,液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數變小為0.15時,穿透率會隨著電壓上升而下降。如第4b圖所示,在45度視角的情形下,VA型液晶顯示裝置在較小的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數(d/p=0.15)時會產生灰階反轉現象。如第4c圖所示,VA型液晶顯示裝置在水平視角的情形下,灰階反轉現象變得更為嚴重,當液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數為0.15、0.25和0.35時皆會產生灰階反轉現象。
為了尋找添加手性劑之VA型液晶顯示裝置最佳的光學相位延遲(R)、液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)和光程差(Δnd)等條件,進而提升液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域整體的穿透率而不致於產生灰階反轉現象,因此我們利用數值模擬方法,分析並計算液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域不同位置之光學相位延遲(R)和液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數變化所對應的穿透率(Transmittance)分佈,其中當光通過具雙折射(Birefringence)特性的液晶層的光學相位延遲(R)可表示為,入射光光波長為λ。第6圖顯示本發明一實施例液晶顯示裝置500在視角等於0度的情形下,光學相位延遲(R)與液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數變化所對應的穿透率分佈。在本實施例中,液晶顯示裝置500之入射光光波長操作範圍介於380nm至780nm之間。第7a和7b圖顯示本發明一實施例液晶顯示裝置在視角分別等於45和90度的情形下,光學相位延遲(R)和液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數變化所對應的灰階反轉(delta T)值分佈。
請參考第6、7a和7b圖,在本發明一實施例中,液晶顯示裝置500的添加手性劑的液晶層的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)和光學相位延遲(R)參數係分別滿足式(1)和式(2)(意即對應至第6圖的虛線框區域)。當液晶顯示裝置500的添加手性劑的液晶層的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)和光學相位延遲(R)參數係分別滿足式(1)和式(2)時,液晶顯示裝置500的穿透率介於0.25至0.4之間,其所對應45度視角的灰階反轉(delta T)值不超過0.02(意即對應至第7a圖的虛線框區域),且其所對應90度視角的灰階反轉(delta T)值不超過0.04(意即對應至第7b圖的虛線框區域)。
0.6<R<0.95 式(1)
0.2<d/p<0.3 式(2)
當入射光光波長操作範圍介於380nm至780nm之間液晶顯示裝置500的添加手性劑的液晶層的光學相位延遲(R)滿足式(1)時,其光程差(Δnd)的範圍係介於228nm至741nm之間。在本發明一實施例中,液晶顯示裝置500的添加手性劑的液晶層的光程差(Δnd)較佳可選擇滿足式(3)。當液晶顯示裝置500的添加手性劑的液晶層202的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)和光程差(Δnd)參數係分別滿足式(2)和式(3)時,液晶顯示裝置500所對應45度視角的灰階反轉(delta T)值不超過0.02(意即對應至第7a圖的虛線框區域),且其所對應90度視角的灰階反轉(delta T)值不超過0.04(意即對應至第7b圖的虛線框區域)。
330<Δnd<500 式(3)
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定為準。
202...摻入手性劑之液晶層
203...液晶分子
204、212...基底
206...對向電極
208...第二基板
210...第二偏光片
214...第一基板
216...畫素電極
218...第一偏光片
222...第一補償膜
224...第二補償膜
500...液晶顯示裝置
第1圖為本發明一實施例之之液晶顯示裝置之剖面圖。
第2圖為本發明一實施例之液晶顯示裝置的電極的上視圖。
第3a圖係為無施加電場時,本發明一實施例之之液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子排列之側視圖。
第3b圖係為施加電場下,本發明一實施例之之液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子排列之側視圖。
第4a至4c圖為垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置在正視視角、45度視角及水平視角的情形下,液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)參數變化所對應的穿透率-電壓曲線。
第5圖為利用穿透率-電壓曲線解釋灰階反轉現象的定義。
第6圖顯示本發明一實施例液晶顯示裝置在視角等於0度的情形下,其顯示區域之光學相位延遲與液晶分子扭轉量參數變化所對應的穿透率分佈。
第7a和7b圖顯示本發明一實施例液晶顯示裝置在視角分別等於45和90度的情形下,其顯示區域之光學相位延遲和液晶分子扭轉量參數變化所對應的灰階反轉值分佈。
202...摻入手性劑之液晶層
204、212...基底
206...對向電極
208...第二基板
210...第二偏光片
214...第一基板
216...畫素電極
218...第一偏光片
222...第一補償膜
224...第二補償膜
500...液晶顯示裝置
Claims (12)
- 一種液晶顯示裝置,包括:一第一基板,其具有至少一畫素單元,該畫素單元係具有一畫素電極;一第二基板,其具有一對向電極;一第一偏光片,設置於該第一基板下方;一第二偏光片,設置於該第二基板上方,且其偏光軸與該第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直;以及一摻入手性劑之液晶層,設置於該第一基板與該第二基板之間,其中摻入手性劑之該液晶層的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)為0.2<d/p<0.3,光學相位延遲(R)為0.6<R<0.95,其中,d為摻入手性劑之該液晶層的厚度,p為摻入手性劑之節距,Δn為摻入手性劑之該液晶層的雙折射係數,λ為入射光光波長。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中該第一基板為一薄膜電晶體基板,且該第二基板為一彩色濾光片基板。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中摻入手性劑之該液晶層的材料為向列型液晶材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中入射光光波長的範圍介於380nm至780nm之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中該液晶顯示裝置在45度視角的灰階反轉值不超過0.02。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中該液晶顯示裝置在90度視角的灰階反轉值不超過0.04。
- 一種液晶顯示裝置,包括:一第一基板,其具有至少一畫素單元,該畫素單元係具有一畫素電極;一第二基板,其具有一對向電極;一第一偏光片,設置於該第一基板下方;一第二偏光片,設置於該第二基板上方,且其偏光軸與該第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直;以及一摻入手性劑之液晶層,設置於該第一基板與該第二基板之間,其中摻入手性劑之該液晶層的光程差(Δnd)為330<Δnd<500,液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)為0.2<d/p<0.3,其中Δn為摻入手性劑之該液晶層的雙折射係數,d為摻入手性劑之該液晶層的厚度,p為摻入手性劑之節距。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中該第一基板為一薄膜電晶體基板,且該第二基板為一彩色濾光片基板。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中摻入該手性劑之該液晶層的材料為向列型液晶材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中該液晶顯示裝置的一入射光光波長操作範圍介於380nm至780nm之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中該液晶顯示裝置在45度視角的灰階反轉值不超過0.02。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之液晶顯示裝置,其中該液晶顯示裝置在90度視角的灰階反轉值不超過0.04。
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US6512561B1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2003-01-28 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display with at least one phase compensation element |
US6642984B1 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2003-11-04 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corporation | Liquid crystal display apparatus having wide transparent electrode and stripe electrodes |
US6757045B1 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2004-06-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus including same |
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