TW201241037A - Copolymer and organic photoelectric conversion element - Google Patents
Copolymer and organic photoelectric conversion element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201241037A TW201241037A TW101100883A TW101100883A TW201241037A TW 201241037 A TW201241037 A TW 201241037A TW 101100883 A TW101100883 A TW 101100883A TW 101100883 A TW101100883 A TW 101100883A TW 201241037 A TW201241037 A TW 201241037A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- photoelectric conversion
- group
- formula
- organic
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 methylvinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150041968 CDC13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 4
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 3
- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrooxadiazole Chemical compound N1NC=CO1 VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YDENDYPVGDGGMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1CCC1=CC=CS1 YDENDYPVGDGGMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMUHSAPSJPLMNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1=C(CCC=1)[Ni]C1=C=CCC1 Chemical compound C=1=C(CCC=1)[Ni]C1=C=CCC1 JMUHSAPSJPLMNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100149678 Caenorhabditis elegans snr-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SBGKCOJQKBHFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nonylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1P SBGKCOJQKBHFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUNXVEAWLAVABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracene;1,2,5,6-tetrahydroanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1.C1=CCCC2=C1C=C1CCC=CC1=C2 PUNXVEAWLAVABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-1-yl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C12=CC=CN=C2C2=NC=CC=C2C2=C1NC(C=1C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=1)=N2 NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KCHQXPGUJBVNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-diphenylbut-3-en-2-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KCHQXPGUJBVNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OCJNMWVWNINTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCC)C1(C=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC(C3=C12)(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCC)C1(C=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC(C3=C12)(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC OCJNMWVWNINTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZSFNTBGCTUQFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C12=C3C(C4=C5C=6C7=C8C9=C(C%10=6)C6=C%11C=%12C%13=C%14C%11=C9C9=C8C8=C%11C%15=C%16C=%17C(C=%18C%19=C4C7=C8C%15=%18)=C4C7=C8C%15=C%18C%20=C(C=%178)C%16=C8C%11=C9C%14=C8C%20=C%13C%18=C8C9=%12)=C%19C4=C2C7=C2C%15=C8C=4C2=C1C12C3=C5C%10=C3C6=C9C=4C32C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C5C=6C7=C8C9=C(C%10=6)C6=C%11C=%12C%13=C%14C%11=C9C9=C8C8=C%11C%15=C%16C=%17C(C=%18C%19=C4C7=C8C%15=%18)=C4C7=C8C%15=C%18C%20=C(C=%178)C%16=C8C%11=C9C%14=C8C%20=C%13C%18=C8C9=%12)=C%19C4=C2C7=C2C%15=C8C=4C2=C1C12C3=C5C%10=C3C6=C9C=4C32C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZSFNTBGCTUQFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEPXJYKYHMEESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC JEPXJYKYHMEESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroanthracene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1 XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUMJZSMCTXGAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,2]thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C=NSC2=C1 HUMJZSMCTXGAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBLSIXZQXMKOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.[Ru] Chemical compound [Ni].C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.[Ru] DBLSIXZQXMKOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylideneacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- BEJRNLMOMBGWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth boron Chemical compound [B].[Bi] BEJRNLMOMBGWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OZSVFZAVFRWFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid;hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O.CCCCCC(O)=O OZSVFZAVFRWFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 150000008422 chlorobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004699 copper complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IWLKHYVAPGGFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,2,7,8-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(CCCCC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O IWLKHYVAPGGFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004998 naphthylethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)CC* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067157 phenylhydrazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMGMFRIEKMMMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[C]C1=CC=CC=C1 XMGMFRIEKMMMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VIHDTGHDWPVSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ru].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VIHDTGHDWPVSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)CCCC PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[O-2].[In+3] OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/12—Copolymers
- C08G2261/124—Copolymers alternating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/314—Condensed aromatic systems, e.g. perylene, anthracene or pyrene
- C08G2261/3142—Condensed aromatic systems, e.g. perylene, anthracene or pyrene fluorene-based, e.g. fluorene, indenofluorene, or spirobifluorene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/324—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed
- C08G2261/3241—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed containing one or more nitrogen atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. carbazole
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/324—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed
- C08G2261/3246—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed containing nitrogen and sulfur as heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/36—Oligomers, i.e. comprising up to 10 repeat units
- C08G2261/364—Oligomers, i.e. comprising up to 10 repeat units containing hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/41—Organometallic coupling reactions
- C08G2261/411—Suzuki reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/90—Applications
- C08G2261/91—Photovoltaic applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Description
201241037 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種共聚物及含有該共聚物 換層的有機光電轉換元件。 【先前技術】 用以解決在地球規模下的問題之能量問題 一,有人正熱衷於研究利用環境負荷少、半永 應的太陽能。其中,尤其使用有機半導體材料 電池,能夠製作重量輕、廉價、可撓性之元件 為下一代之太陽能電池以取代使用現在主流之 等無機系材料的太陽能電池。 從如此之背景,全世界正進行使用有機半 的有機光電轉換元件之研究,在有機光電轉換 電轉換效率提高上,習知構成光電轉換層之有 材料的電子構造設計技術係重要。 例如,在非專利文獻丨中,已記載在有機 能電池之效率提高上,與n型半導體材料(以下 「電子接受性材料」)之富勒烯相組合的ρ型半 (以下’也稱為「電子供給性材料」)之適切設 的曰意。還有,於此所謂的適切設計係指藉由 式硬把特別弱的電子受體導入原本電子供給性 Ρ型聚合物之骨架中,而使聚合物之最高佔用 (homo)能階加深(使負向上之絕對值增大)、增 勒稀之最低未佔用分子軌道(Lum〇)能階的差。 物之HOMO能階與富勒烯之LUMO能階的能量 之光電轉 的能源之 久性地供 之太陽能 ,期待作 矽半導體 導體材料 元件之光 機半導體 薄膜太陽 ,也稱為 導體材料 S十為重要 以適切方 為重要的 分子轨道 大η型富 由於聚合 差成為大 -4 - 201241037 幅左右元 被視為一 之手法。 構成 體材料^ 合成之電 共聚物,· 間隙,又 件内之大 例如 并。塞吩單 又,在專 架當做電 合所製得 另一 對η型半 含有苯并 使用的有 先前技術 專利文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻 件特性之開放電壓(V。。)的決定因子,上述設計 種適合於實用化等級之轉換效率達成的有希望 光電轉換層之有機半導體之中,針對ρ型半導 習知係藉由使用一種具有以適切形態而使有機 子予體與電子受體共價鍵結而成的重複單元之 可獲得陽光吸收效率佳的2 eV左右狹窄的能帶 藉由加深最高佔用分子軌道之能階,可獲得元 的開放電壓(Voc)。 ’於專利文獻1中’已揭示一種使用導入噻吩 元之共聚物的光電動勢元件當做電子受體。 利文獻2至5中’已揭示使用將聚苐衍生物骨 子予體’與各式各樣之電子受體單元進行共聚 的共聚物之有機光電轉換元件。 方面’構成光電轉換層之有機半導體之中,針 導體材’例如於專利文獻6中,已揭示一種將 二°坐骨架之71共輛聚合物當做η型半導體材料 機元件。 文獻 1 曰本特開2009-1 58921號公報 2 日本特開2008- 106239號公報 3 日本特開2008-106240號公報 4 W〇2〇〇5/〇60012 公報 5 日本特開2009-215349號公報 6 日本特開2006-077 171號公報 -5- 201241037 非專利文獻 非專利文獻1 Brabec r ’ · J· et. al.} Advanced Materials, 2009年、21卷、第i頁 【發明内容】 [發明所欲解決之問題] 如上所述,針對構成光 已進行各式各樣之開發,尋 換效率的有機半導體材料。 與習知之p型半導體材 在於提供一種可進一步提高 料。 電轉換層之有機半導體材料 求一種可進一步提高光電轉 料作一比較,本發明的目的 光電轉換效率的新穎有機材 [解決問題之手段] 本發明人等發現下列所示之共聚物可解決上述課題 而完成本發明。亦即,本發明係提供下列π]至[5]者。 [1]一種共聚物,其係具有下列通式⑴所代表之重 單元:
經取代之烴基,η係表示重複單元數且為2至75)。 為3至60 。 [2]記载於上述[1]中之共聚物,其中該通式中之 201241037 [3] 記載於上述[1]或[2]中之共聚物,其中該 中之Rl與R2係各自獨立為碳數1至12的烷基或 之烧基。 [4] 記載於上述[1]至[3]中任一項之共聚物, 該通式(I)之末端,具有氫原子及/或烴基。 [5] —種有機光電轉換元件,其係具有含有記 述[1]至[4]中任一項之共聚物的光電轉換層。 [發明之效果] 與使用習知之p型半導體材料之有機光電轉 作一比較’使用含有本發明之共聚物之光電轉換 機光電轉換元件能夠進一步使所獲得的光電轉換 尚。 【實施方式】 [用於實施發明之形態] [共聚物] 本發明之共聚物係具有下列通式(1)所代表之 元: 通式(I) 經取代 其中在 載於上 換元件 層的有 效率提 重複單
(I) 75。芳 法得% 201241037 充分之陽光吸收效率故不佳。又,若η超過75時,由於 對溶劑之溶解性將降低,不適合如後述之塗布法故不 佳因此,η較佳為3至60 ,更佳為1〇至55,進—步 較佳為25至5$,更進—步較佳為4〇至53。 又以式⑴所代表之共聚物的重量平均分子量較佳 為2’500至250’000 ’更佳& 1Μ⑽i 125,綱進一步 車乂佳為15,〇〇〇纟75’〇〇〇,更進一步較佳為2〇,〇〇〇至 5〇’〇〇〇。若為2500以上的話,冗電子共軛系將充分地伸 長,能夠使陽光吸收效率提高,若為25〇,〇〇〇以下的話, 可獲得對溶劑之充分的溶解性。還有,上述“系以共聚 物之重量平均分子量為基礎所算出之值。又,上述重量 平均刀子里係依照凝膠滲透層析(Gpc)法而當做聚苯乙 烯換算值所算出之值,呈锕&上 _ 值具體而§ ,利用實施例中記載之 方法所測出之值。 式(I)中,R1及R2係表示一價之烴基或經取代之烴 基。 例如,可舉例:烷基、烯基、環烷基、芳基、芳烷 基等當做烴基。 例如,可舉例:甲其、7 A „ J Τ暴乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、 二級丁基、三級丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、硬脂 醯基等當㈣基。此等之中’從使得對溶劑之溶解性及 父替共聚物之結晶性提高之觀點,較佳為碳數1至1 2之 :基,更佳為碳數2至1〇之炫基,進一步 至8之烷基。 例如,可舉例:乙稀基、烯丙基、丁烯基、丁二烯 基、甲基乙烯基、苯乙烯基等當做烯基。 201241037 例如,可舉例:環 環庚基、環辛基、環' 土、環Λ基、環己基、 & i ^ 暴 一J哀庚基、二環辛基、三環 庚基、金剛烷基等當做環烷基。 例如,可舉例:笑A ^ ^ 基、曱基聯笨基、乙心苯:基、乙基苯基、聯苯 A . 基聯本基、核己基聯苯基、聯三苯 ί二f基萘基、1基、祐基、疾基(〜―、 丙烯5苐基、茈基等當做芳基。 例:其可舉例夕基、甲基节基、苯基乙基、苯基 土 ’、土、曱基、奈基乙基、萘基丙基等當做芳烷基。 被取二::之垣基係在上述煙基中之1個以上的氫原子 ▲取代者’可舉例:經取代之烷基、經取代之 =、經取代之環烧基、經取代之芳基、經取代之芳炫 土 S此等之中,從使得對溶劑之溶解性及交替共聚物 之結晶性提高之觀點’較佳為碳數1 i 12之經取代之烷 基、更佳為碳數2 1 10之經取代之烷基、進一步較佳為 碳數3至8之經取代之烷基,。 例如’可舉例:含有氟原子、氯原子、漠原子、雄 原子等之鹵素原子,或含有氧原子、矽原子硫原子、 磷原子等之含雜原子的烴基等當做取代基。可舉例:以 0、所代表之烷氧基、以_SiR3所代表之矽烷基、以
所代表之胺基等當做具體之含雜原子的烴基。其中,R 係可舉例.上述之烴基。還有,經取代之烴基亦可含有 雜芳香族環。 從使得對溶劑之溶解性提高之觀點,在此等之烴基 及經取代基之烴基中,較佳為烷基或經取代之烷基,更 佳為烷基。 -9 - 201241037 從提高對溶劑之溶解性或所獲得的共聚物之結晶 性、使載體移動度提高之觀點,R1另p 2 > & ° 八及K_之碳數較佳為i 至12,更佳為2至10,進一步較佳為3至8。 又 心艰八⑴之兩末端 具有惰性官能基而予㈣阻(capping)。惰性官能基較佳 為氫原子及/或烴基’更佳為芳基,進一步較佳為苯美。 在共聚物之兩末端可具有相同的惰性官能 不同的惰性官能基。 亦可具有 [共聚物之合成方法] 本發明之共聚物的合成方法並未予以特別限制,藉 由在金屬錯合物之存在下,使下列通式(11)及下列通^ (III)所代表之單體予以共聚合之方法而能夠人 " ° °
N N
(«) 原子等之 _ 素原子;MgCb MgBr、Mgl、B(OR)2、SnR3(R 峨 係一價之煙基或經取代之羥基)等。還有,例如b(or)2 也包含如1,3,2-二嘮硼烷或4,4,5,5_四曱基-丨,^、二嘮硼 烧等之具有環狀構造者。上述通式(Π)所代表之單體的合 成方套並,,.、特別之限制,該合成方法之一例可舉例在竇 施例記載之方法。 -10- 201241037 又,式(III)中之R1、R2係與上述通式⑴相同,表一、 一價之烴基或經取代之烴基,式(111)中之丫係表示氟: 子、氯原子、溴原子等之鹵素原子;MgC卜MgBr、MgI、 B(OR)2' SnR3(R係一價之烴基或經取代之羥基)等。還 有,例如B(〇R)2也包含如二噚硼烷或4,4,5,5_四 甲基-1,3,2-二嘮硼烷等之具有環狀構造者。上式(ΠΙ)所 代表之單體的合成方法並無特別之限制例如可舉例: 在實施例記載之方法、或在「Chen,s H et al, Chemistry 〇f Materials,2〇〇3 年、i5 卷第 542 頁」記 載之方法等之習知合成方法。 金屬錯合物並未予以特別限制,例如,可舉例:銅 錯合物、鎳錯合物、鈀錯合物等之還原觸媒。此等之中, 較佳為鎳錯合物、鈀錯合物。 例如,可舉例:雙(1,5_環戊二烯)鎳、肆(三苯基膦) 鎳、二氣(2,2’_聯吡啶)鎳等當做鎳錯合物,此等之中, 從聚合性能之觀點,較佳為雙(1,5_環戊二烯)鎳。 例如,可舉例:肆(三苯基膦)鈀、二環{1,3_雙(二苯 基膦)丙烷}鈀、參(二苯亞曱基)二鈀等當做鈀錯合物。此 等之中,從聚合性能之觀點,較佳為參(二苯亞甲基)二 !巴。 還有,此等之金屬錯合物可單獨地使用或組合2種 以上而使用。 聚合之順序並未予以特別限制,例如,可舉例:於 反應容器中,使單體溶解或分散於溶劑中,將上述金屬 -11- 201241037 錯合物當做觸媒而加入其中,藉交互偶合(cr〇ss c〇upiing) 反應而使上式(II)及(III)所代表之單體聚合之方法。於該 反應中Μ吏其聚合之情形,由於上式(π)之χ及式_ 之Υ係藉由脫離而形成碳·碳鍵,& 乂與γ係不同者, 且X、γ中任一個成為鹵素(或準_素)。 田u用於聚。之〉谷劑,若能夠使單體適當地溶解或 分散,且在單體或高分子之間不會產生不佳之反應者的 話’並未予以特別限制。例如,可舉例:甲笨、四氫吱 :!二,…二甲基甲醯胺等。還有’此等之溶劑可單獨地 使用或組合2種以上而使用。 但是’上式(„)之χ及式_之γ中任一種為 B(〇R)2(R係一價之烴基或經 液性成為驗性,進…力二基)之情形,使反應 化物、胺箅… 碳酸鹽、驗金屬氫氧 物胺4之鹼或此等之水溶液。 反應時之環境氣體並未予以特別限制,通常在 下進行。惰性環境氣體可舉…:為在惰性氣體環境 中入一 例·氮氣或氩氣環境氣體。 口反應並未予以特別限制' 進行。加熱溫度通常為室溫(25m =在加熱回流下 至15(TC,更佳為8〇至12〇 人8〇C’較佳為80 特別限制’通常在常壓下進行。Λ。反應時之壓力並無 =聚合時間係根據所使用之 二時之溫度或虔力等而異,通常 類、 佳為…。小時’更佳為5。至 。小時,較 •12- 201241037 [有機光電轉換元件] 接著’針對具有含 之有機光電轉換- 明之共聚物的光電轉換層 侠几件而進行說明。 本發明之有機井 , 无*電轉換元件4 # 笛1 Ο β 至少-者為透明哎车、“ η 1千4係如第1圖所示,在 义々:¾牛透明之— 有至少一猶太议 電極】、3之間,具有含 ^ v種本發明共聚物之 ^ 3 換元件。 電轉換層2的有機光電轉 動勢元件係藉由光能量照射而產生電 元件而用以在光電轉㈣光能轉換成電能之 電轉換元件、 電荷的電極者。有機光 ::換:件之用途可舉例:有 體等之各種有機半導體元件。發先一極 池也:合於:做本發明之有機光電轉換元件Γ::能電 光換為有機光電轉換元件 導體材料)及電子接受:材;“電子供 ”接合界面之有機層 ,微層複數層之情形下’具有由電子供 給性材料層與電子接受性材料層所構錢Ρ_η接合界面 之有機層所形成。於第1圖中,顯示由單層所構成的本 質半導體層之情形。 元件中,具有至少含有 電轉換層。於此,以上 Ρ型半導體材料而具優 於本發明中之有機光電轉換 上述通式(I)所代表之共聚物的光 述通式(I)所代表之共聚物係做為 201241037 越之電子供給性。因而,以上述通式⑴所代表之共聚物 係做為P型半導體材料使用。 另一方面’做為n型半導體材料並未予以特別限 疋’例如,可舉例:J,4,5,8-萘四曱酸二酐(NTCDA)、 3,4,9,10-茈四甲酸二酐(1>7(:〇八)、3,4,9,1〇茈四曱酸雙苯 并咪唑(PTCBI)、N,N’-二辛基_3,4,9,10_萘四曱酸二醯亞 胺(PTCDI-C8H)、2_(4·聯苯基)_5·(4第三丁基苯 基)-1,3,4-噚二唑(PBD)、2 5_二(1_ 萘基)13,4_ 嘮二唑 (BND)等之噚唑衍生物;3_(4_聯苯基)_4苯基_5_(4•三級 丁基苯基)-1,2,4-三唑(TAZ)等之三唑衍生物;菲啉衍生 物、氧化膦衍生物、富勒烯化合物、碳奈米管(CNT)、將 氰基導入聚對伸笨基亞乙烯基系聚合物而成之衍生物 (CN-PPV)等。此等之+,由於為一種既安定且載體移動 度南的η型半導體材料,較佳為富勒烯化合物。 例如’可舉例:以 C6〇、C7。、C76、C78、C82、C84、
Cm、C:94為主的未經取代者;[6,6]_苯基C6i 丁酸甲酯 ([6,6]-PCBM、或[60]PCBM)、[5,6] -苯基 C61 丁 酸甲酯 ([5,6]-PCBM)、[6,6]-苯基 C61 丁酸己醋([6,6]-PCBH)、 [6,6]-苯基〇61丁酸十二烷酯([6,6]-?〇80)、苯基〇71丁 酸曱醋(PC70BM、或[70]PCBM)、苯基C85 丁酸曱酯 (PC^BM)等做為富勒烯化合物。 此等之中’從具有優異的電子接受性之觀點,更佳 為[6,6]-笨基 C61 丁 酸曱酯([6,6]-PCBM、4[60]PCBM)。 還有’此等之η型半導體材料能夠單獨地使用或組 合2種以上而使用。 201241037 於本發明中,從使得光電轉換效率提高之觀點,p 型半導體材料與η型半導體材料之質量比[p型半導體材 料、型半導體材料]較佳為10:1至1:1〇,更佳為5: 1至1. 5,進-步較佳為1: !至1: 5。於此,p型半導 體材料係指以本發明之上述通式⑴所代表之共聚物。 於此’於本發明中’所謂有機光電轉換元件之光電 轉換效率係意指藉下列計算式(式υ所求出的值。 光電轉換效率[%]= V(j(;xJse><FF .(式 (V。:係表示開放電幻v]、Jsc係表示短路電流密度 [mA/cm ]、ff係表示曲線因子)。 亦即’光電轉換效率係以開放雷厭 及曲線因子…因子之乘積二電出壓 光電轉換元件係藉由含有具有積出⑴ _ ^ ^ 通式(I)所代表之重複單 疋之八聚物做為p型半導體材料,上述因子 達成使開放電壓上升之效果。雖然其理 /、 但據推測為HOMO能階變深之結ι 。被確疋’ 層的:體材料及η型半導體材料之光電轉換 i布及m * Μ特別限定’例如,可舉例:旋轉 ί布及卜式塗布等之塗布法、真空蒸鑛法等。此等之中, 車乂佳為利用上述塗布法而+古收 主道触“ 布法而塗布將Ρ型半導體材料及η型 導體材料溶解於溶劑中之溶液之方法。此溶液中所含 之浴劑並未予以特別限定, 氯苯、氯仿、二氣甲院…-夠使用氯苯、鄰二 乳f烷、f笨、四氫呋喃等。 本發明之有機光電轉換元件之電極材料,並未予以 特別限定,相對於電子接受 恢又t生材枓之LUM〇能階而言, -15- 201241037 由月& π &壁小、功函數較小者所選出者做為陰極電極材 料,例如,可舉例:Ag、A卜 pt、Ir、Cr、Zn0、CNT、 及此·#之合金、複合體等。 另方面,由電子供給性材料之h〇m〇能階盘能量 障壁小、功函數較大者所選出者當做陽極電極材料,較 佳為透㈣。例如,可舉例:由摻雜錫之氧化銦(IT0)、 叫、In2〇3、Sn〇2、氧化銦-氧化鋅(ΙΖ〇)、Ζη〇(摻雜Ga、 Al)、Mo〇3等之材料所形成的透明半導體電極。 電極之形成方法並未予以特別限制,例如,可舉例: 真空蒸鍍、各種濺鍍等之方法。 還有,此等之光電轉換層或電極材料能夠積層於基 材上。基材能夠按照光電轉換材料之種類或用途而適當 予以選擇’例如’可舉例:從無鹼玻璃、石英玻璃等之 無機材料、聚醋、聚碳酸酿'聚稀烴、聚醯胺、聚酿亞 胺、聚苯硫醚、聚對二甲笨、環氧樹脂、氟系樹脂等之 有機材料,利用任意之方法所製作的薄膜或板等。 又’於本發明中,視需要也能夠將緩衝層設置於各 層之接觸界面。只要為導電性之層的話即可做為緩衝 層’例如’可舉例:由聚(3,4),乙二氡基嗟吩/聚苯乙 稀續㈣(PED〇T/PSS)、氧化m鐘、氧化鈇、金 或浴銅靈(Bathocuproine ; 2 9 -田 * , β —甲基·4,7-二苯基 _ι,ι〇· 菲琳)等所構成的導電性層。此等之中,車交佳為使用 PEDOT/PSS 0 -16- 201241037 [實施例] 以下’彙整而顯示在實施例所進行的測定法之詳細 内容。 (1)共聚物之重量平均分子量測定 使用GPC裝置(Tosoh股份有限公司製、裝置名 「HLC-8228GPC」、管柱:製品名「SHODEX GPC KF-8 04L + GPC KF-805L」、管柱溫度:40。〇、檢測器: UV檢測器(254 nm)、洗提液:thF(四氫呋喃)、管柱流 速:1.0 ml/分鐘、經聚苯乙烯換算),測定所獲得的共聚 物之重量平均分子量(Mw)及多分散度(Mw/Mn)。又,重 複單元數η係由此重量平均分子量所算出。 P^H-NMR 測定 FT-NMR 裝置(JE0L 製、裝置名 r JNM-A500」)。 (3)有機光電轉換元件之測定 在將均一化之1 0 0 W鎢燈之光照射至有機光電轉換 元件的同時’使用太陽模擬器(Wacom電創製、裝置名 「WXS-50S-1.5」)、及電壓-電流產生器(Adc製、裝置 名「R6243」)’測定開放電壓(v。。)、短路電流密度(jsc)、 曲線因子(FF)。又,光電轉換效率(η)係由上述之(式i) 所算出。 [合成例1 :化合物(1 a)之合成] 混合1,2,5-苯并噻二唑(Sigma Aldrich公司製)9.87 g、48%溴化氫水(純正化學股份有限公司製)5〇 m卜加熱 直到1 10°C ’將溴37.1 g、48%溴化氫水30 ml滴入反應 -17- 201241037 /昆s物中’維持1 1 0 °C之狀態下攪拌2.5小時。冷卻反應 液後進行過據,以純水洗淨。再以氣仿溶解所獲得的固 體以純水洗淨3次。分離有機層後,利用無水硫酸鈉 乾燥藉過據而去除硫酸鈉後,蒸顧去除溶劑。之後’ 乂甲醇而使濃縮物再結晶化’形成12.7 3 g之白色固體而 獲知以下式所代表之化合物(la)(產率60%、丨H-NMR(300 MHz、溶劑:CDCl3) : 7 73(2h
[合成例2 .化合物(1 b)之合成] 混合化合物(la)9.14 g與乙醇3〇〇 ml後,冷卻至 0 C。冷卻後,每次少量地添加硼氫化鈉(純正化學股份 有限公司製)20.7 g後,升溫直到室溫,攪拌3天。之後, 將純水加入反應液中,利用二乙基醚萃取,依照純水、 飽和食鹽水之順序洗淨。分離有機層後’利用無水硫酸 鈉乾燥,藉過濾而去除硫酸鈉後,蒸餾去除溶劑,形成 7.57 g之白色固體而獲得以下式所代表之化合物(ib)(產 率 92%、W-NMRPOO MHz、溶劑:CDCl3) : 3 89(4H, s)、 6.85(2H, s))。 ’ h2n nh2 H ⑽
Br Br [合成例3 ··化合物(lc)之合成] 品合化合物(11))1.〇叾與乙醇25 1111後,滴入4〇%之 乙一酸水溶液(東京化成工業股份有限公司製)〇 56g。在 -18- 201241037 室溫撥掉3小時後’將反應液加熱直到4〇β〇,槐拌1小 時。之後,從反應液蒸餾去除溶劑’利用乙酸乙醋溶解 濃縮物’依照純水、飽和食鹽水之順序洗淨。分離有機 層後’利用無水硫酸鈉乾燥’藉過濾而去除硫酸鈉後, 蒸餾去除溶劑。之後,#用矽膠層析法(展開溶劑:乙酸 乙醋/己烷=5/95及30/70)精製所獲得的濃縮物,形成〇 23 g之淡黃色固體而獲得以下式所代表之化合物(ic)(產率 22%、W-NMROOO MHz、溶劑:CDCl3) : 8 〇i(2H,s)、 9.02(2H,s))。 ’
(lc) [合成例4 :化合物(1 d)之合成] 將化合物(lc)1.62 g、二氣雙三笨基膦鈀(sigma Aldrich公司製)198 mg倒入反應容器中,於氮氣置換反 應容器後’利用注射器加入2-噻嗯三丁基錫(東京化成工 業股份有限公司製)4.32 g、N,N-二甲基曱醯胺56 nU。將 反應液加熱直到90°C ’攪拌3.5小時。之後,冷卻反應 液’添加純水而利用曱苯萃取,分離有機層後,利用無 水硫酸納乾燥’藉過濾而去除硫酸鈉後,蒸館去除溶劑。 之後,以曱醇而使濃縮物再結晶化,進行真空乾燥,形 成1.41 g之紅色固體而獲得以下式所代表之化合物 (ld)(產率 85%、^-NMRGOO MHz、溶劑:CDC13): 7.20(2H, dd,J = 3.9, 5·1 Hz)、7·52(2Η,dd,J = 0.9, 5.1 Hz)、7.83(2H, dd,J = 0.9, 3.9 Hz)、8.13(2H,s)、8.98(2H,s))。 -19- 201241037
[合成例5 :化合物(le)之合成] 混合化合物(Id) 1.41 g與鄰二氣笨6〇以後,加熱直 到55°C,分成4次添加N-溴琥珀醢亞胺2 96 g,在55°C 之溫度進一步攪拌6小時。之後,加熱反應液直到1 50°C 後而使固體完全溶解之後,冷卻直到室溫,過濾後回收 所析出的固體。依照純水、乙醇之順序洗淨所獲得的固 體’以鄰二氣苯而使其再結晶化,形成2 〇〇 g之紅色固 體而獲得以下式所代表之化合物(1 e)(產率9 1 %、 W-NMROOO MHz、溶劑:CDC13): 7.14(2H,d,J = 4.2 Hz)、 7.56(2H,d,J = 4.2 Hz)、8.12(2H, s)、8.98Γ2Η,s)) 0
將 9,9-二辛基-2,7-二演蕹(Sigma Aldrich 公司製)6.0 g倒入反應容器中,氮氣置換反應容器。利用注射器加 入四氫呋喃100 m卜冷卻直到_65。〇以下。利用注射器而 將1.6 Μ正丁基鐘/己院溶液μ ml滴入反應溶液中,維 持-65°C以下之狀態下攪拌i小時。之後,利用注射器加 入2_異丙氧基_4,4,5,5-四曱基_1,3,2_二嘮硼烷(Sigma Aldrich公司製)4.49 g,維持_65。〇以下之狀態下攪拌i 小時後,升溫直到室溫,攪拌丨5小時。之後,將水加入 [合成例6 :化合物(2 a)之合成] -2 0- 201241037 反應液中’利用二乙基醚萃取後,以飽和食鹽水洗淨。 分離有機層後,利用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,藉過濾而去除硫 酸鈉後’蒸餾去除溶劑。然後,以曱醇:丙酮=1 〇 : 1而 使濃縮物再結晶化’形成4.7 1 g之白色固體而獲得以下 式所代表之化合物(2a)(產率67%、iH-NMROOO MHz、 溶劑:CDC13) : 0.75- 1.1 1(54H, br,m)、2.03(4H,m)、 7.61(2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz)' 8.2(2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz)' 8.30(2H, s))。
[實施例1 :共聚物1之合成] 將化合物(le)l.O g、化合物(2a)1.42 g、當做金屬錯 合物之參(一苯亞甲基丙酮)!巴(〇)(Sigma Aldrich公司 製)41 mg、參(2-曱基苯基)膦(東京化成工業股份有限公 司製)54 mg倒入反應容器中,氮氣置換反應容器。然後, 利用注射器而添加甲笨2 2 m 1、1 0 %氫氧化四乙敍水溶液 (東京化成工業股份有限公司製)丨5 mi,將反應溶液加熱 直到9 5 C,攪拌3天。之後,將溴苯(東京化成工業股份 有限公司製)35 mg、苯基硼酸(東京化成工業股份有限公 司製)30 mg、參(二苯亞甲基丙酮)二鈀(〇)2 mg、參(2曱 基笨基)膦2.7 mg加入反應液中,進一步在95。〇攪拌i 天。之後’將反應液滴入曱醇/水=9n中,過濾後回收所 析出的固體,利用曱醇洗淨。使用索司勒萃取機,依照 丙酮、己烷之順序洗淨後,利用氯仿萃取。然後,在從 -2 1- 201241037 氣仿萃取液蒸餾去除溶劑而得的固體中添加氣仿後溶 解,再將之滴入甲醇/水=9/1中,過濾後回收所析出的固 體後,進行真空乾燥,形成0.51 g之紅色固體而獲得以 下列通式(I)所代表之共聚物丨(產率34%、lH NMR(3〇〇 MHz、洛劑:CDC13) : 9·08(2Η,br)、8·22(2Η,br)、 7.87-7.71(8Η,br)、7·49(2Η,br)、2.11(4Η,br)、1_1〇(24Η, br)、〇_79(6Η,br))。還有’第2圖係所獲得的共聚物1 之1 H-NMR 圖。 所獲得的共聚物1之重量平均分子量Mw為 34,770、共聚物之多分散度(Mw/Mn)為2.45,重複單元 數 η 為 49.66。
[實施例2 :有機光電轉換元件1之製作] Ρ型半導體係稱量7.5mg之共聚物1、η型半導體材 料係稱量 30.0 mg 之[60]PCBM(Frontier Carbon 股份有限 公司製、商品名「Nanom Spectra E100H」),在氣氣體 環境下添加1.0 ml之脫水氣苯(Sigma Aldrich公司製、 脫水物),一面在氮氣體環境下加熱至50°C —面攪拌24 小時而調製混合溶液。 接著,利用在文獻(Brabec. C. J. et_ al.、Advanced Materials、20 0 9年、21卷、第1頁)所記載之方法,在 進行洗淨及UV臭氧處理所清淨化之ITO玻璃(在玻璃基 -22- 201241037 板上形成摻雜錫之氧化銦膜的透明導電性玻璃、電阻值 14Q/sq),導電性聚合物電極係在長成40 nm之 PEDOT-PSS(Clevi〇s公司製)薄膜之上,利用孔徑〇·45 μιη 之注射器薄膜過濾上述混合溶液後滴下而進行旋轉塗 布,使其厚度成為70 nm的方式來形成光電轉換層。觀 察所形成的光電轉換層之表面,長成均質且無模糊之薄 膜0 接著’在此光電轉換層上積層約丨〇〇 nm之鋁(高純 度化學研究所股份有限公司製)(真空度:8.2 X 1 0 - 5 P a、蒸 鍍速率:0.15 nm/s) ’製作有機光電轉換元件1。 [參考例1 :有機光電轉換元件2之製作] p型半導體係稱量15 mg之P3HT(聚-3-己基噻吩、 Merck公司製)、η型半導體係稱量11.3 mg之 [60]PCBM(Frontier Carbon股份有限公司製、商品名 「Nanom Spectra E100H」),在氮氣體環境下添加1.〇 ml 之脫水氯苯(Sigma Aldrich公司製、脫水物),在氣氣體 環境下加熱至5 0 °C的同時’攪拌2 4小時而調製混合溶 液。 接著’利用在非專利文獻1所記載的方法,與在實 施例2所用者同樣之ITO玻璃,導電性聚合物電極係在 長成40 nm之PEDOT-PSS(Clevios公司製)薄膜之上,利 用孔徑0.45 μπι之注射器薄膜過濾上述混合溶液後滴下 而以旋轉數700 rpm進行60秒鐘旋轉塗布,形成厚度12〇 nm之薄膜,於1 50°C,對此薄膜進行1 〇分鐘加熱處理而 作成光電轉換層。觀察所形成的光電轉換層之表面,長 成均質且無模糊之薄膜。 -23- 201241037 接著’在此光電轉換層上積層約1 00 nm之鋁(高純 度化學研究所股份有限公司製)(真空度:8·2χ 10 - 5Pa、蒸 鍵速率:0.15 nm/s) ’製作有機光電轉換元件2。 針對所獲得的有機光電轉換元件1、2,利用上述之 方法而測定開放電壓(V()c)、短路電流密度(Jsc)、曲線因 子(FF)、及光電轉換效率(η)。將結果顯示於表1。 表1 有機光電 轉換元件 P型半導體 n型半導體 V〇〇[V] Jsc[mA/cm2] FF η[%] 實施例2 1 共聚物1 7.5 mg [60JPCBM 30.0 mg 0.91 7.71 0.51 3.60 參考例1 2 P3HT 15.0 mg [60]PCBM 11.3 mg 0.65 7.70 0.53 2.45 與最為一般之有機薄膜太陽能電池之一的參考例1 之[60]PCBM/P3HT混合系之有機光電轉換元件2作一比 較,使用在實施例1所合成的共聚物之有機光電轉換元 件1可獲得更大之轉換效率。因此,與參考例1之習用 者作一比較,本發明之有機光電轉換元件係具優越之光 電轉換效率。 從此結果,本發明之共聚物係非常有用於當做有機 薄膜太陽能電池用之P型半導體材料。 [產業上利用之可能性] 本發明之共聚物係非常有用於當做有機薄膜太陽能 電池用之P型半導體材料。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示本發明之有機光電轉換元件之一例的 圖形* -24- 201241037
第2圖係顯示實施例1所獲得的共聚物1之1H-NMR 圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 陽極 2 光電轉換層 3 陰極 4 有機光電轉換元件 -25-
Claims (1)
- .201241037 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種共聚物,其係具有下列通式(I)所代表之重複單元: Γ\經取代之烴基,η係表示重複單元數且為2至75)。 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之共聚物,其中該通式(I)中之 η為3至60。 3 .如申請專利範圍第1項之共聚物,其中該通式(I)中之 R1與R2係各自獨立為碳數1至1 2的烷基或經取代之 烧基。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之共聚物,其中在該通式(I)之 末端,具有氫原子及/或烴基。 5. —種有機光電轉換元件,其係具有含有如申請專利範 圍第1至4項中任一項之共聚物的光電轉換層。 :¾ -26 -
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011005093A JP2014060182A (ja) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | 共重合ポリマー、及び有機光電変換素子 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201241037A true TW201241037A (en) | 2012-10-16 |
Family
ID=46506997
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW101100883A TW201241037A (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2012-01-10 | Copolymer and organic photoelectric conversion element |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2014060182A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW201241037A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012096084A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3621977B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-12 | 2005-02-23 | 隆一 山本 | 有機el素子 |
GB0004541D0 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2000-04-19 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Luminescent polymer |
DE10143353A1 (de) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-20 | Covion Organic Semiconductors | Konjugierte Polymere enthaltend Spirobifluoren-Einheiten und deren Verwendung |
KR101007787B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-08 | 2011-01-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 퀴녹살린환을 주쇄에 포함하는 유기박막 트랜지스터용유기반도체 고분자 |
KR101314931B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-30 | 2013-10-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유기 고분자 반도체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 양극성 유기 박막 트랜지스터 |
JP2008208358A (ja) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-09-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | ブロック共重合体および高分子発光素子 |
CA2749060C (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2016-10-04 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Material for photovoltaic device, and photovoltaic device |
DE102009030847A1 (de) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-30 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Polymere enthaltend substituierte Anthracenyleinheiten, Blends enthaltend diese Polymere sowie Vorrichtungen enthaltend diese Polymere oder Blends |
WO2011017341A2 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-10 | The Johns Hopkins University | Ladder-type oligo-p-phenylene-containing copolymers with high open-circuit voltages and ambient photovoltaic activity |
CN102276802B (zh) * | 2010-06-10 | 2013-09-04 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 含噻吩-喹喔啉单元芴类共聚物及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2011
- 2011-01-13 JP JP2011005093A patent/JP2014060182A/ja active Pending
- 2011-12-12 WO PCT/JP2011/078727 patent/WO2012096084A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2012
- 2012-01-10 TW TW101100883A patent/TW201241037A/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012096084A1 (ja) | 2012-07-19 |
JP2014060182A (ja) | 2014-04-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Zhang et al. | 1, 8-Naphthalimide-based planar small molecular acceptor for organic solar cells | |
Zhang et al. | Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of new low bandgap isoindigo-based conjugated polymers | |
JP5034818B2 (ja) | 有機光電変換素子 | |
EP2072557A1 (en) | Electron-donating organic material for photovoltaic devices, material for photovoltaic devices, and photovoltaic devices | |
TW201002755A (en) | Electron donative organic material, material for photovoltaic element and photovoltaic element | |
EP2175502A1 (en) | Photoelectric converter and solar cell using the same | |
WO2009104781A1 (ja) | 組成物およびそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 | |
KR101688222B1 (ko) | 태양전지용 정공수송층 조성물, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 태양전지 | |
TW201130883A (en) | High-polymer compound, film containing the same and ink composition | |
CN106565664A (zh) | 一种基于茚[1,2‑b]并芴单元的A‑D‑A共轭小分子及其在光电器件中的应用 | |
TW201219443A (en) | Alternating copolymer and organic photoelectric conversion element | |
Alam et al. | New energetic indandione based planar donor for stable and efficient organic solar cells | |
JP2011165963A (ja) | 有機色素及び有機薄膜太陽電池 | |
Wang et al. | A new dibenzo [gp] chrysene derivative as an efficient anode buffer for inverted polymer solar cells | |
JP2008106239A (ja) | 有機光電変換素子及びその製造に有用な重合体 | |
Lee et al. | Benzodithiophene-based wide-bandgap small-molecule donors for organic photovoltaics with large open-circuit voltages | |
JP5476660B2 (ja) | 有機光電変換素子及びその製造に有用な重合体 | |
CN108912125B (zh) | 一种基于四芳基并吡咯核非富勒烯受体材料及其应用 | |
TW201241037A (en) | Copolymer and organic photoelectric conversion element | |
JP5701453B2 (ja) | ジフルオロベンゾトリアゾリル太陽電池材料、調合法、およびその使用方法 | |
WO2012099097A1 (ja) | フラーレン誘導体及びそれを用いた光電変換素子 | |
JP5476561B2 (ja) | 新規なジブロック共重合体、及びそのジブロック共重合体の自己集合で形成される高移動度・光伝導性異方性ナノワイヤ | |
JP2014181238A (ja) | フラーレン誘導体及びそれを含む有機電子デバイス | |
JP7214119B2 (ja) | 高分子化合物、高分子化合物の合成方法、有機薄膜太陽電池材料及び有機薄膜太陽電池 | |
Bijleveld et al. | Controlling morphology and photovoltaic properties by chemical structure in copolymers of cyclopentadithiophene and thiophene segments |