201022505 八、 本案若有化科時’請辟最賴示㈣特徵的化學式· 九、 發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關—種祕祕下室敝及逆打複合細工法，尤 指-種兼具傳統順打與逆打之施工法的優點，結合而成順打與逆打之複 合式施工法。 【先前技術】 按’般高樓建築地下室深開挖工程的施工方法通常係採用順打 施工法及逆打施J1法。射，財見的術施卫法雜土壁水平支擇工 法、地錯工法、島區工法、鄉式開挖工法等而最常採用的施工法為 水平内支律工法’如圖-所示，其施碰程為紐築擋土射i (連績 壁、預查樁等)後，再打設中間柱12，隨即進行地下室各階段開挖並 架設水平續1 3 ’達到設計之深度後，即進行基礎及地下室結構 物(柱、樑、地下室樓版)之構築，從而完成地下室結構物之施工。 支#工法’其受到地區條件地層條件及帛挖深度等 限制較少’故而最常被業麵採用。惟當大面積關挖工程時，由於支 樓構件太長’力量傳遞較果*佳，a此料發揮推土之功效，更由於大 構架的因素’ @因讀構材之雜變位、接頭接狀減麟土壁之側 向變位加大，進轉轉近建物之安^且其巾之支獅統係由許多綱 樑個別桿件及臨時接__，若射聽，—個接酬失誤或一個桿 件挫屈’將會導致整體擋土支撐構架的失敗。另外，繁多的鋼樑吊裝組 亦使工期增長，變位加大’開挖時亦容易受支撐設施的阻礙’使開挖 201022505 作業存在相當之缺失^ 鑑於擋土壁水平切工法的缺失，使逆打王法因應而生。所謂逆打 工法係如圖二所示’先於建築物周圍構築指土壁2 i，再施做基捲2 2 並架設地τ結構狀辦柱2 3姐時支雜，織碰储土及地下 結構體施工之X作。其中’先構築壹樓之樑與樓版2 4，再進行開挖至 地下查層樓版之位置，構築地下壹層結構體之樑柱與樓版2 5，並以結 構《I之樓版2 5作城土壁之支顧架，織依序進行各階段開挖及各 ® 地下室結構艘之構築，而進行地下室各樓層、结構逋之同時，同時進行地 上層各樓層之構築。由於其地下室結碰的構築與—般不同，係由上而 下，呈相反順序，故稱之為逆打工法。 前述逆打工法之優點，係利用地下室結構體作為擋土構架，具有足 夠之勁度、變形變位小，且穩定性夠，故不會產生水平支樓工法因挫屈 而失敗之問題。且由於壹樓版最先構築，可做為作業樓版’因此無需另 行架設地下室作業用之機橋’可確保材料之堆置場及作業空間。不需花 費時間架設或拆除支撐設施，適合開挖面不規則、基地高低不平、側壓 力不平衡等作業條件之工程。 惟該逆打工法的缺點，係在於地下層的開挖及結構體之施工，皆於 樓版下作業’其空間較小使得作業條件不良。由於需支律所有地上層及 地下層構造物的重量，因此支撑柱及基礎工費用須增加。且柱與版、樑 的接合、柱的逆行接缝較為耗工費時，尤其，當逆打鋼骨柱安裝偏心、時， 其補救措施相當麻煩。 201022505 考量上述順打及逆打施工法的優缺點’為避免順打工法水平支撐的 缺點，而保留順打工法開挖及地下結構體施工作業的方便性， 另擷取逆打工法利用樓版做為支樓構架的優點，乃綜合兩種施工法的優 點並配合扶壁的施做，而成為本地下室開挖順打及逆打複合式施工法》 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的，即在提供一種建築物地下室開挖順打及逆打複合 式施工法’以改善傳統順打及逆打工法的各種缺失，使地下結構物的施工 〇 更為安全、快速，且符合經濟效益。 前述之建築物地下室開挖順打及逆打複合式施工法，係考量傳統地 下室順打及逆打施工之優點結合而成之複合式施工法》主要係先於基地 構築連續壁(擋土結構)後，於連續壁的内側構築扶壁，再於基地内打設 地下室樓版臨時支撑柱’緊接著，開挖至壹樓版或地下壹樓版之位置’ 再構築樓版並預留供作為取土孔之適當空間，即可進行地下室開挖工 作’而不須架設内支撐系統。本發明於開挖至設計基礎深度後，依序構 ® 築基礎版、地樑及地下室各樓層結構體，而完成地下室的開挖及結構體 的施工，藉由連續壁、扶壁、臨時支撐柱及壹樓版所組合之順打與逆打 複合式施工法，使建築物地下室的開挖施工，更為經濟、快速、安全。 【實施方式】 請參閱第三圖所示’本發明之工法主要於建築物四周構築播土壁 (連績壁）3 1，再於該等擋土壁3丄的内壁面設有複數間隔排列之扶壁 3 2 ’於擋土壁31之内空間，打設複數間隔排列，以供支採樓版用之 臨時支撐柱3 3，俾進行第-階段開挖，於開挖至壹樓樓版之位置，進 6 201022505 行樑、柱、壹樓樓版3 4之模版組立及壹樓樓版結構體之施工，於壹樓 樓版3 4完成後，即可進行地下室開挖’其中，若規劃之開挖深度小於 lOin〜12m時，可直接開挖至設計之開挖深度，不須再架設任何支樓設 施，而若開挖深度大於12.0m時，則開挖至地下贰層或地下參層樓版之 位置’再構築另一層地下室樓版作為支撑擋土壁之用，當地下室開挖至 設計深度3 5後’即按照順打工法之施工程序，依序構築結構體之基礎 3 6，以及各地下樓層之地下參層樓版3 7、地下貳層樓版3 8、地下 @ 壹層樓版3 9等結構體，完成地下室結構體之施工。 本發明之臨時支撐柱3 3及壹層樓版3 4 (或地下室樓版)構築的觀 念係參考逆打施工法之方式，樓版亦作為支撑擋土壁31用，壹樓樓版 3 4並作為施工構台之用途，此為逆打工法中之優點，地下室開挖及地 下室結構體之構築則參照順打工法之施工程序，其具備有順打工法挖土 的方便性；地下室結構艘按照傳統的施工順序，由下而上，施工便利無 結構想樑、柱、版等接合之問題，另配合扶壁3 2之設置，作為支標拷 土壁31的支撐設施，以取代水平内支播系統，即為由擋土壁31、扶 壁3 2、臨時支撐柱3 3、及壹樓樓版3 4(或其他地下層樓版)所組合 而成之地下室開挖順打及逆打複合式施工法》 請閱第四A圖及第四B圖，本發明除施工方式係為順打與逆打工法 的综合外，最大的差異係支撐構架的不同。順打工法(水平内支撐工法） 係採鋼樑内支撐作為擋土壁31的支撐構架，而逆打工法則以地下室各 樓層之樓版作為支撐，本工法擋土壁支撐系統係以擋土壁31、扶壁3 201022505 2、壹樓樓版3 4或不同地下層樓版(視開挖深度而定)及設計開挖深度 以下之被動土側土層所組成’如第四A圖所示’為本發明的支樓系統構 架’其包含擋土壁31與扶壁3 2、壹樓樓版3 4，擋土壁31外側承 受土水壓力A，另側承受開挖面下之被動土壓b，此結構系統與第四囷b 一般之版樑結構類似，如圖.所示，第四A圖之播土壁3 1與扶壁3 2如 同第四B圏的版4 1舆樑4 2，第四A圖中的壹樓樓版34與開挖面下 之被動土摩B ’猶如第四纥圖兩側的柱牆4 3，第四A圖檔土壁3 1外側 承受之土水壓力A則如同第四B圓版41上方承受之荷重4 4 請參閲第五圓，並配合第三圖及第四A圖，本發明之施工法結構模 式，其中之擋土壁31為結構體之版51 ,扶壁3 2為樑5 2 ,壹樓樓 版5 3及擋土壁31内側之被動土壓B則轉換由土壤彈簧5 4為支點， 擋土壁31外侧之水土壓力a為結構物之載重5 5，藉由此架構即可免 去一般傳統的水平支標，各項構件之構材特定穩定，受力行為較能掌握， 擋土壁31舆扶壁3 2經合理之規劃設計，則擋土壁31之變位董較傳 統之支撐系統為小，更為安全，對鄰房的影響可降至最低，為一安全、 經濟、快速的地下室開挖施工方法。 請同時參閱第圖六至第十圖，本發明之施工係包含以下之步驟： 1 ·係於建築物四周構築擋土壁31，再於擋土壁31内緣適當位置 (一般約5· Om〜8. 〇m)施作間隔排列之複數個扶壁3 2，該等扶壁3 2的 寬度般約3.5m〜5.0m ’深度約與擋土壁3 1同深，或略小於擋土壁3 1(如第六圓所示 201022505 2 .於擔土壁31之内空間，打設複數間隔排列之臨時支撑柱3 3， 以供作為支樓樓版之用(如第七圖所示)； 3 ·進行第一階段開挖至壹樓樓版之位置，以供進行壹樓樓版3 4及 樑、柱等壹樓樓版結構艘之施作(如第八圓所示)； 4 ·於前述步驟完成後，一般地下貳層或參層之建築物，即可直接開 挖至預設深度3 5(如第九圖所示)； 5 ·依序構f地下結構體之基礎3 6，地下參層樓版3 7、地下貳層 樓版3 8、地下壹層樓版3 9等地下室各樓層之結構艘，如第十圖所示。 綜上所述’本發明以綜合順打及逆打兩種施工法的優點，並配合扶 壁的施做，構成地下室開挖複合式施工法，使建築物地下室的開挖施工， 更為經濟、快速、安全，為一實用之設計，誠屬一俱新穎性之創作爰 依法提出專利中請，析鈞局予以審查，早日賜准專利，至感德便。 【圖式簡單說明】 第-圖係習知順打工法(水平内支樓工法)示意圓。 第二圓係習知逆打工法示意圖。 第三圖係本發明之施工法示意圖 第四A圖係本發明之結構示意圖。 第四B圖係習知版樑結構示意圓。 第五圓係本㈣之結賊式示意圖。 第六圏係本發明之擋土壁及&。 第七圖係本發明之臨時支雜駐示賴。 201022505 第八圖係本發明之第一階段開挖及壹樓版施工示意圖。 第九圖係本發明開挖至基礎設計深度施工示意圖。 第十圖係本發明地下室基礎版及地下各樓版施工示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 1 ·擋土壁 Φ 2 1.擒土壁 2 4·樑與樓版 3 2·扶壁 3 4·壹樓樓版 3 7·地下參層樓版 3 9·地下壹層樓版 5 2 ·樑 © 5 5.載重 12·中間柱 13·水平支撐 2 2·基樁 2 3·鋼骨柱 2 5 ·樓版 3 1 ·擋土壁 3 3·臨時支採柱 3 5·設計深度 3 6·基礎 3 8·地下貳層樓版 5 ·版 5 3·壹樓樓版 5 4.土壤彈簧 A·水土壓力 B.被動土壓 十、申請專利範圍： 1 · 一種建築物地下室開挖順打及逆打複合式施工法，係藉由擋土壁、扶 壁、臨時支律柱及壹樓版及開挖面下之被動土側土層所組成之支撐系 統構架’而不須另行架設支撐系統的施工法，其包含： 於建築物四周構築擋土壁，再於播土壁内緣適當位置施作間隔排 列之複數個扶壁;201022505 VIII. If there is a chemical science in this case, please select the chemical formula that best depends on the characteristics of (4). 9. Description of the invention: [Technical field of invention] The present invention relates to a secret chamber and a reverse compounding method. In particular, it combines the advantages of the traditional construction method of Shun and Reverse, and combines the composite construction method of Shun and Reverse. [Prior Art] The construction method of the deep excavation of the basement of the high-rise building is usually carried out by the Shun hit construction method and the reverse hitting J1 method. The most commonly used construction method is the horizontal internal support law method as shown in the figure, which is the same as the construction method of the miscellaneous soil wall, the construction method, the wrong ground method, the island construction method, and the rural excavation method. After the collision is carried out for the new building, the intermediate column 12 is set up, and then the excavation of each stage of the basement is carried out and the level is erected 1 3 ' to reach the design depth, ie The construction of the basement and basement structures (columns, beams, basement floor) is carried out to complete the construction of the basement structure. The “work method” is limited by the conditions of the conditions of the area and the depth of the excavation. Therefore, it is most often used by the industry. However, when the large-scale area excavation works, because the building members are too long, the power transmission is better than the fruit, and this material plays the role of bulldozing, and because of the large frame factor, the miscellaneous position and joint of the reading material The lateral displacement of the ribbed soil wall is increased, and the turn to the near building is safe and the lion's system of the lion is made up of many girders and temporary __, if you listen, A loss of compensation or a piece of frustration will lead to the failure of the overall retaining support structure. In addition, the numerous steel beam hoisting groups also increased the construction period, and the displacement increased. 'The excavation is also easily hindered by the supporting facilities'. The excavation 201022505 operation is quite lacking. ^ In view of the lack of the horizontal cutting method of the retaining wall, The counter-playing of the king's law was born. The so-called reverse work method is shown in Figure 2. 'Before the building, build the finger wall 2 i, and then apply the base roll 2 2 and erect the ground τ structure to run the column 2 3 sisters mixed, weaving the soil and X for underground structure construction. Among them, 'Before constructing the beam and floor of the tower, 2 4, and then excavating to the location of the underground floor, constructing the pillars and the floor of the underground layer structure, and using the structure "I" 2 5 As a supporting frame for the urban soil wall, we will carry out the excavation of each stage and the construction of each basement structure ship, and carry out the construction of each floor of the above ground floor while carrying out the floors and structures of the basement. Because the construction of the basement junction is different from the general, it is from the top to the bottom, in reverse order, so it is called the reverse work method. The advantage of the above-mentioned reverse working method is that the basement structure is used as the retaining structure, which has sufficient stiffness, small deformation and deformation, and sufficient stability, so that the problem that the horizontal branch building method fails due to frustration does not occur. And because the Diaolou version is the first to be built, it can be used as a work floor version, so there is no need to set up a bridge for the basement operation to ensure the material storage space and working space. It is not necessary to spend time to erect or dismantle the supporting facilities, and it is suitable for engineering conditions such as irregular excavation surface, uneven height of the base, and unbalanced lateral pressure. However, the shortcomings of the reverse work method are the excavation of the underground layer and the construction of the structure, all of which operate under the floor. The small space makes the working conditions poor. Due to the weight of all the above-ground and underground structures, the cost of support columns and foundations must be increased. Moreover, the column and the plate, the joint of the beam, and the retrograde joint of the column are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In particular, when the reverse-struck steel column is installed with eccentricity, the remedial measures are rather troublesome. 201022505 Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned smoothing and reverse construction methods, in order to avoid the shortcomings of the horizontal support of the work method, the convenience of excavation and underground structure construction work is retained, and the reverse work method is used to utilize the floor version. As the advantage of the structure of the branch building, it combines the advantages of the two construction methods and cooperates with the construction of the buttresses, and becomes the local lower chamber excavation and counter-hitting composite construction method. [Disclosure] The main purpose of the present invention is That is to provide a building basement excavation and reverse compounding construction method to improve the various defects of the traditional sandal and reverse work methods, so that the construction of the underground structure is safer, faster, and economical. The above-mentioned building basement excavation and counter-hitting composite construction method is a combination of the advantages of traditional basement and the combination of the advantages of reverse construction. The main construction method is to construct a continuous wall (retaining structure) before the base. After that, construct the buttress on the inside of the continuous wall, and then set up the basement temporary support column in the base. Then, excavate to the location of the Diaolou or the underground floor. As an appropriate space for the earth hole, the basement excavation can be performed without the need to erect the internal support system. After excavation to the depth of the design foundation, the foundation structure, the ground beam and the basement structure of the basement are sequentially constructed, and the excavation of the basement and the construction of the structure are completed, by continuous wall, buttress and temporary support. The combination of the combination of the column and the squatting version of the combination of the hit and reverse hits makes the excavation of the building basement more economical, fast and safe. [Embodiment] Please refer to the third figure. The method of the present invention mainly constructs a sowing wall (continuation wall) 3 1 around the building, and then arranges at a plurality of intervals on the inner wall surface of the retaining wall 3丄. The buttresses 3 2 ' are arranged in the space inside the retaining wall 31, and are arranged at a plurality of intervals for the temporary support column 3 3 for supporting the mining and landing, and the first stage excavation is carried out, and the excavation is carried out to the tower. The location of the version, into the 6 201022505 line beam, column, 壹 floor version of the 3 4 template assembly and the construction of the floor structure, after the completion of the 壹楼楼版 3 4, you can carry out the basement excavation' If the planned excavation depth is less than lOin~12m, it can be directly excavated to the designed excavation depth, no need to set up any branch facilities, and if the excavation depth is greater than 12.0m, excavation to the underground layer or The location of the underground ginseng floor version is to build another basement floor as a support for the retaining wall. After the local lower chamber is excavated to a design depth of 3 5, the foundation of the structure is constructed in accordance with the construction procedure of the construction method. 3 6, and the underground floor of the lower floors of the local level 3 7, the underground floor 38 underground floors @ One version 39 and other structures, construction of basement structure completed. The concept of constructing the temporary support column 3 3 and the floor layer 3 4 (or the basement floor plate) of the present invention refers to the method of the reverse hit construction method, and the floor plate is also used as the support retaining wall 31. And as the purpose of construction structuring, this is the advantage of the reverse construction method. The construction of the basement excavation and the structure of the basement structure refers to the construction procedure of the smoothing method, which has the convenience of excavating the soil by the method of running the groundwork; The traditional construction sequence, from the bottom up, the construction is convenient, no structure, the problem of joints of beams, columns, plates, etc., and the support of the buttress 3 2, as the supporting facilities of the support of the wall 31 to replace the horizontal inner branch The broadcasting system, that is, the basement excavation and counter-attack consisting of the retaining wall 31, the buttress 3, the temporary support column 3 3, and the 壹楼楼版 3 4 (or other underground floor version) Composite Construction Method Please refer to the fourth and fourth diagrams. In addition to the combination of the construction method and the reverse construction method, the maximum difference is the difference in the support structure. The working method (horizontal internal support method) is the supporting structure of the steel beam in the support of the retaining wall 31, and the reverse working method is supported by the floor of each floor of the basement. The retaining wall support system of this method is a retaining wall. 31. Buttress 3 201022505 2. The 3rd floor of the Loulou Building or the different underground floors (depending on the depth of the excavation) and the passive soil layer below the designed excavation depth are as shown in Figure 4A. 'The structure of the branch system of the present invention' includes the retaining wall 31 and the buttress 3, the slab floor 3 4, the outer side of the retaining wall 31 is subjected to the earth water pressure A, and the other side is subjected to the passive soil under the excavation face. Pressure b, this structural system is similar to the fourth 一般b general plate beam structure, as shown in the figure, the soil wall 3 1 of the fourth A picture and the buttress 3 2 are like the version of the fourth B 4 4 1 舆 beam 4 2, in the fourth A picture, the slab floor 34 and the passive soil under the excavation surface B' are like the column wall 4 3 on both sides of the fourth , diagram, the fourth A picture is the outer wall of the soil wall 3 1 The soil water pressure A is like the load on the fourth B round plate 41. Please refer to the fifth circle, and cooperate with the third figure and the fourth A picture, the construction method structure mode of the present invention, The retaining wall 31 is the structural body 51, the buttress 3 2 is the beam 5 2 , and the passive earth pressure B on the inside of the retaining wall 53 and the retaining wall 31 is converted by the soil spring 5 4 as a fulcrum, retaining soil The water and earth pressure a outside the wall 31 is the load of the structure 5 5, by which the conventional horizontal level can be removed, and the members of the members are specifically stabilized, and the force behavior can be grasped. The retaining wall 31舆 舆 3 3 2 After reasonable planning and design, the displacement of the retaining wall 31 is smaller and safer than the traditional support system, and the impact on the adjacent house can be minimized, which is a safe, economical and fast Basement excavation construction method. Please refer to FIG. 6 to FIG. 10 at the same time. The construction system of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1) Constructing a retaining wall 31 around the building, and then positioning the inner edge of the retaining wall 31 (generally about 5· Om) 〜8. 〇m) is applied as a plurality of buttresses 3 2 arranged at intervals, and the width of the buttresses 3 2 is about 3.5 m to 5.0 m. The depth is about the same as the retaining wall 3 1 or slightly smaller than the retaining soil. Wall 3 1 (as shown in the sixth circle 201022505 2 . In the space inside the supporting wall 31 , a temporary support column 3 3 arranged at a plurality of intervals is provided for use as a branch floor (as shown in the seventh figure) 3) Carry out the first stage of excavation to the position of the floor of the building for the construction of the slabs of the slabs and the slabs of the slabs and columns, as shown in the eighth circle; 4 · After the completion of the above steps, the general underground layer or the reference building can be directly excavated to a preset depth of 3 5 (as shown in the ninth figure); 5 · The basic structure of the underground structure 3, underground sub-floor version 3 7, underground 贰 floor version 3 8, underground 壹 floor version 3 9 and other basement structure of the base, as shown in the tenth figure. In summary, the invention is integrated Shun And the advantages of the two construction methods, and with the construction of the buttresses, constitute a basement excavation composite construction method, so that the excavation construction of the building basement is more economical, fast and safe, and is a practical design. Sincerely, the creation of a novelty is required to be patented in accordance with the law. The Bureau of Analysis will review it and grant the patent as soon as possible. The simple description of the figure. The first picture is the Xizhishun method. The second circle is a schematic diagram of the construction method of the present invention. The third diagram is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. The fourth diagram is a schematic diagram of a conventional beam structure. The fifth circle is the thief-style schematic diagram of the present invention. The sixth frame is the retaining wall of the present invention and the seventh embodiment is the temporary branch of the present invention. 201022505 The eighth figure is the first stage of the present invention. Schematic diagram of excavation and construction of the slabs. The ninth drawing is a schematic diagram of the construction of the excavation to the basic design depth of the present invention. The tenth drawing is a schematic diagram of the construction of the basic version of the basement of the invention and the underground floor. [Main component symbol description] 1 1 · Retaining wall Φ 2 1. Earth wall 2 4 · Beam and floor 3 2 · Buttress 3 4 · 壹 floor version 3 7 · Underground ginseng floor 3 9 · Underground 壹 floor version 5 2 · Beam © 5 5. Load 12·Intermediate column 13·Horizontal support 2 2·Foundation pile 2 3·Steel bone column 2 5 ·Land plate 3 1 ·Retaining wall 3 3·Temporary support column 3 5·Design depth 3 6·Basic 3 8·Underground贰层楼版 5 ·版 5 3·壹楼楼版 5 4. Soil spring A·Water and earth pressure B. Passive earth pressure Ten, patent application scope: 1 · A building basement excavation and counter-hit composite construction The method is a support system structure consisting of retaining walls, buttresses, temporary support columns and passive soil layers under the excavation face, without the need to erect a support system. The method comprises: constructing a retaining wall around the building, and applying a plurality of buttresses arranged at intervals in an appropriate position on the inner edge of the sowing wall;