CN110607800A - Turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and construction method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110607800A
CN110607800A CN201910843040.5A CN201910843040A CN110607800A CN 110607800 A CN110607800 A CN 110607800A CN 201910843040 A CN201910843040 A CN 201910843040A CN 110607800 A CN110607800 A CN 110607800A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
frame body
open caisson
supporting device
box body
frame
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
CN201910843040.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘利强
苏群山
刘彬
王腾飞
李亚克
邢启刚
陈建中
王加刚
杨利剑
董新红
吴远超
曹凯
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Henan DR Construction Group Co Ltd
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Henan DR Construction Group Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Henan DR Construction Group Co Ltd filed Critical Henan DR Construction Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN201910843040.5A priority Critical patent/CN110607800A/en
Publication of CN110607800A publication Critical patent/CN110607800A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/08Lowering or sinking caissons

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and a construction method thereof, wherein the device comprises a box body with an upper opening and a lower opening, the box body is formed by sequentially and detachably splicing a plurality of sections of frame bodies, the upper part and the lower part in the box body are horizontally provided with supporting frames, and the supporting frames cross the box body and are fixedly connected with the side wall of the box body; the lower edge of the box body is provided with a cutting edge, the outer inclined plane of the cutting edge is arranged obliquely downwards, and the cutting edge is fixedly connected to the frame body. The material can be recycled, so that the material is saved, and the engineering cost is reduced; the self-weight is light, the installation is rapid, professional equipment is not needed, and the sinking operation efficiency is high; the cross beam, the vertical beam and the reinforcing beam are additionally arranged, so that all the components form a rigid whole, the bending resistance and the compression resistance of a supporting system are enhanced, the horizontal overturning resistance of the supporting system is improved, and the technical problems of foundation pit deformation, collapse and the like are effectively controlled.

Description

Turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and construction method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep foundation pit supporting, in particular to a turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and a construction method thereof, which are particularly suitable for pipe-jacking construction foundation pit supporting.
Background
At present, with the acceleration of the urbanization process pace of China, the development and utilization of underground space are developed rapidly, urban underground pipelines are used as 'life' transmission paths of pipelines, the pipeline construction plays a very important role in urban construction, and the traditional large-excavation operation mode cannot meet the current engineering requirements, so that the excavation area is reduced, and the construction method for reducing the site limitation and the operation time to the maximum extent is the construction method which is urgently required by the current market.
Pipe jacking construction is the most common underground pipeline construction method at present, is applied to the North Pacific railway laying engineering in 1896 for the earliest time, and has a century history. The open caisson serving as a key node for operation and receiving in pipe jacking construction has developed a mature construction technology, and is characterized in that when a working surface is limited in field and cannot be excavated in a large area, a well body is prefabricated at a position needing excavation, and excavation and sinking are carried out after the structure reaches the strength. The common sinking well supporting structure in China comprises a circular concrete sinking well, a steel sheet pile sinking well and the like, wherein the circular sinking well is easy to cause well wall pulling crack due to the fact that the frictional resistance of soil on the outer wall surface of the sinking well is large, the concrete structure is heavy in self weight, manual assistance is mainly used in the construction process, and the mechanization operation degree is low; the steel consumption of the steel pipe pile open caisson is large, and pile driver equipment is complex, so that the construction cost is high, and vibration and noise are large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the existing pipe jacking construction, the turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and the construction method thereof are different from underground continuous walls and Larsen steel sheet pile supporting, particularly common reinforced concrete open caisson supporting systems and the like, can be installed in a segmented mode, are convenient to construct, can be recycled, save materials, are small in self weight and are high in compression resistance.
The utility model provides a can have enough to meet need formula steel open caisson supporting device which characterized in that: the box that sets up including upper and lower opening, the box can be dismantled the concatenation in proper order by a plurality of sections frameworks and form upper portion and the equal level in lower part in the box are provided with the support frame, the support frame spanes in the box and with the lateral wall fixed connection of box.
Further comprises the following steps: the lower edge of the box body is provided with a blade foot, the outer inclined plane of the blade foot is arranged obliquely downwards, and the blade foot is fixedly connected to the frame body. The inclination slope that the sword foot set up and sword foot are provided with reinforced concrete sword foot, have certain dead weight and are convenient for the box and sink.
Further comprises the following steps: the frame body is rectangular or triangular, the frame body comprises side wall plates, a plurality of through long beams are fixedly arranged on the inner walls of the side wall plates in parallel from top to bottom, the beams are attached to the side wall plates, and the ends of the corresponding beams on the adjacent side wall plates are fixedly connected; the structural strength of the invention is increased.
Further comprises the following steps: an oblique reinforcing beam is horizontally arranged at the corner of the frame body, and two ends of the reinforcing beam are respectively and fixedly connected with the adjacent cross beams on the frame body; the structural strength of the invention is increased.
Further comprises the following steps: the inner wall of the side wall plate is distributed with a plurality of vertical beams which are fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the cross beam, so that the structural strength and the stability of the invention are improved.
Further comprises the following steps: adjacent two sections the side wall board of framework coincides each other, the crossbeam of the top on the side wall board respectively with the side wall board fixed connection of two adjacent sections frameworks, be convenient for adjacent sealed and concatenation between the framework.
Further comprises the following steps: the transverse beams and the vertical beams are made of I-shaped steel, the inner side flange plates arranged on the transverse beams are attached to and fixedly connected with the side wall plates, and the structural strength of the I-shaped steel is high, so that the structural strength of the steel plate is improved.
Further comprises the following steps: and two ends of the support frame are respectively fixed on the vertical beams on different side wall plates.
Further comprises the following steps: the pipe jacking device is characterized in that pipe jacking stiffening plates are arranged on the side walls of the bottom of the box body, the pipe jacking frames are arranged in parallel with the side wall plates and embedded in the side wall plates, oblique hole supports are arranged at the corners of the pipe jacking frames, and two ends of each oblique hole support are fixedly connected with the frame bodies on the adjacent sides of the pipe jacking frames respectively, so that the pipe jacking is supported during pipe jacking construction.
A construction method of a turnover type steel open caisson supporting device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: excavating an open caisson, and sinking into a first section of frame body of the box body from the bottom when the excavation depth reaches a first elevation, wherein the first elevation is close to or equal to the height of the first frame body;
step 2: splicing a second section of frame body of the box body from the bottom on the first frame body, then continuously excavating the open caisson and reaching a second elevation, wherein the second elevation is close to or equal to the total height of the second section of frame body and the first section of frame body, and sinking into the second section of frame body;
and step 3: splicing an nth frame body of a box body from bottom to bottom on an n-1 th frame body, then continuously excavating an open caisson and reaching an nth elevation, wherein the nth elevation is close to or equal to the total height from the first frame body to the nth frame body, and sinking into the nth frame body, and n is a positive integer greater than 2;
and 4, step 4: after the depth of the sinking well reaches the set elevation, the frame body of the box body is not spliced, and the support frames are fixedly arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the box body in the sinking well.
Further comprises the following steps: and in the step 3, when the frame body can not sink by self weight, the frame body is pressed by a jack to assist in sinking.
Further comprises the following steps: in the step 1, a pipe-jacking hole is reserved in advance on a frame body at the lower part of the box body, and a stiffening plate is fixedly arranged at the pipe-jacking hole; further comprising the step 5: and cutting a top pipe opening on the stiffening plate.
Further comprises the following steps: step 6: after the construction operation is completed, uniformly and fixedly arranging lifting points or vertexes at the bottom of the box body, extracting the frame body section by section through a jack, backfilling a foundation pit with the height of one section of frame body when one section of frame body is extracted, and simultaneously taking down the frame body of the box body protruding out of the open caisson position.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the supporting device provided by the invention can be recycled, so that the material is saved, and the engineering cost is reduced;
the supporting device provided by the invention has the advantages of light dead weight, quick installation, no need of professional equipment and high sinking operation efficiency;
the supporting device provided by the invention has the advantages of small floor area, small soil digging amount, small influence on adjacent buildings and convenience in operation;
the pipe jacking construction hole in the support device provided by the invention belongs to a weak stressed part, and a rectangular hole stiffening plate is formed by welding steel plates in a surrounding manner before construction, so that the rigidity, strength and stability of the hole are ensured;
the supporting device provided by the invention is a rectangular steel caisson supporting system, and is additionally provided with the cross beam, the vertical beam and the reinforcing beam, so that all components form a rigid whole, the bending resistance and the compression resistance of the supporting system are enhanced, the horizontal overturning resistance of the supporting system is improved, and the technical problems of foundation pit deformation, collapse and the like are effectively controlled.
Compared with the construction of firstly supporting, continuously excavating and supporting under a supporting layer, the construction method provided by the invention can effectively utilize the open caisson to prevent collapse, can avoid collapse of the support by the construction method of firstly assembling and then sinking, and can avoid the problem of high supporting construction difficulty caused by high underground water level, poor geological conditions and the like. Through engineering verification, compared with the conventional construction method, the construction method provided by the invention can effectively shorten the construction period by 70%, and the construction difficulty is reduced by 40%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a supporting device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the supporting device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of adjacent block diagrams in the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a spliced part between frames in the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a first section of frame body; 2. a second section of frame body; 3. a third section of frame body; 4. a fourth frame body; 5. a cross beam; 6. erecting a beam; 7. a transverse support frame; 8. reinforcing the beam; 9. a triangular haunch plate; 10. a longitudinal support frame; 11. jacking pipes; 12. a short vertical beam; 13. a pipe-jacking frame; 14. supporting the inclined hole; 15. a corner support; 16. and (4) a blade foot.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the terms of orientation such as left, middle, right, up and down in the examples of the present invention are only relative concepts or reference to the normal use state of the product, and should not be considered as limiting.
The first embodiment:
the utility model provides a can have enough to meet need formula steel open caisson supporting device, includes the box that upper and lower opening set up, the box can be dismantled the concatenation in proper order by a plurality of sections frameworks and form, as shown in figure 1 in this embodiment, including first section framework 1, second section framework 2, third section framework 3, fourth section framework 4 upper portion and the equal level in lower part in the box are provided with support frame 7/10, support frame 7/10 span in the box and with the lateral wall fixed connection of box.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, a blade 16 is arranged on the lower edge of the box body, an outer inclined surface of the blade 16 is arranged obliquely downward, and the blade 16 is fixedly connected to the frame body. The frame body is rectangular or triangular, the frame body is rectangular in the embodiment, the frame body comprises side wall plates, a plurality of through long type cross beams 5 are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the side wall plates from top to bottom in parallel, the cross beams 5 are attached to the side wall plates, and the ends of the cross beams 5 corresponding to the adjacent side wall plates are fixedly connected. An oblique reinforcing beam 8 is horizontally arranged at the corner of the frame body, and two ends of the reinforcing beam 8 are respectively and fixedly connected with the adjacent cross beams 5 on the frame body; the corner of the two connected beams is fixedly provided with a triangular haunched plate 9. When the frame body is rectangular, the middle part of the frame body is a weak stressed belt, so that a cross-shaped support frame is additionally arranged to improve the rigidity and stability of the middle part.
A plurality of vertical beams 6 are distributed on the inner wall of the side wall plate, and as shown in the combined figure 1, short vertical beams 12 are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the first section of frame body 1, and the vertical beams 6 and the short vertical beams 12 are fixedly connected on the inner side surface of the cross beam 5.
Referring to fig. 6, the side wall plates of two adjacent frame bodies are overlapped, and the uppermost beam 5 on the side wall plates is fixedly connected with the side wall plates of two adjacent frame bodies respectively; the cross beam 5 is made of I-shaped steel, and specifically, the flange plates on two sides of the I-shaped steel are respectively and fixedly connected with the frame bodies of two adjacent sections. As shown in fig. 5, the upper end of the vertical beam 6 of each frame extends to the frame above and is fixedly connected with the frame. Crossbeam 5, perpendicular roof beam 6 and short perpendicular roof beam 12 are the I-steel, the inboard flange board that crossbeam 5 set up with side wall board laminating and fixed connection.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, two ends of the supporting frame 7/10 are respectively fixed on the vertical beams 6 on different side wall plates, that is, the horizontal supporting frame 7 and the vertical supporting frame 10 are arranged in a cross shape and are respectively fixed in the middle of two pairs of side wall plates arranged opposite to each other in the box body.
The side wall of the bottom of the box body is provided with a pipe-jacking frame 13, the pipe-jacking frame 13 and the side wall plate are arranged in parallel and embedded in the side wall plate, oblique hole supports 14 are arranged at the corners of the pipe-jacking frame 13, and two ends of each oblique hole support 14 are fixedly connected with the frame body on the adjacent side of the pipe-jacking frame 13 respectively. The top pipe frame 13 comprises stiffening plates, the stiffening plates are attached to the side wall plates, and a top pipe opening is cut on the stiffening plates and the side wall plates to form the top pipe frame 13.
A construction method of a turnover type steel open caisson supporting device comprises the following steps:
step 1: excavating an open caisson, and sinking into a first section of frame body of the box body from the bottom when the excavation depth reaches a first elevation, wherein the first elevation is close to or equal to the height of the first frame body;
step 2: splicing a second section of frame body of the box body from the bottom on the first frame body, then continuously excavating the open caisson and reaching a second elevation, wherein the second elevation is close to or equal to the total height of the second section of frame body and the first section of frame body, and sinking into the second section of frame body;
and step 3: splicing an nth frame body of a box body from bottom to bottom on an n-1 th frame body, then continuously excavating an open caisson and reaching an nth elevation, wherein the nth elevation is close to or equal to the total height from the first frame body to the nth frame body, and sinking into the nth frame body, and n is a positive integer greater than 2;
and 4, step 4: after the depth of the sinking well reaches the set elevation, the frame body of the box body is not spliced, and the support frames are fixedly arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the box body in the sinking well.
And in the step 3, when the frame body can not sink by self weight, the frame body is pressed by a jack to assist in sinking.
In the step 1, a pipe-jacking hole is reserved in advance on a frame body at the lower part of the box body, and a stiffening plate is fixedly arranged at the pipe-jacking hole; further comprising the step 5: and cutting a top pipe opening on the stiffening plate.
Step 6: after the construction operation is completed, uniformly and fixedly arranging lifting points or vertexes at the bottom of the box body, extracting the frame body section by section through a jack, backfilling a foundation pit with the height of one section of frame body when one section of frame body is extracted, and simultaneously taking down the frame body of the box body protruding out of the open caisson position.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (13)

1. The utility model provides a can have enough to meet need formula steel open caisson supporting device which characterized in that: the box that sets up including upper and lower opening, the box can be dismantled the concatenation in proper order by a plurality of sections frameworks and form upper portion and the equal level in lower part in the box are provided with the support frame, the support frame spanes in the box and with the lateral wall fixed connection of box.
2. A turnover steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the framework is rectangular or triangular, the framework includes the lateral wall board on the inner wall of lateral wall board from last to parallel and fixed mounting has the crossbeam of a plurality of logical long type down, the crossbeam with the laminating of lateral wall board is adjacent the last corresponding crossbeam end fixed connection of lateral wall board.
3. A turnover steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the lower edge of the box body is provided with a blade foot, the outer inclined plane of the blade foot is arranged obliquely downwards, and the blade foot is fixedly connected to the frame body.
4. A reversible steel caisson supporting device according to claim 3, wherein: and an oblique reinforcing beam is horizontally arranged at the corner of the frame body, and two ends of the reinforcing beam are respectively and fixedly connected with the adjacent cross beams on the frame body.
5. A turnover steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: and a plurality of vertical beams are distributed on the inner wall of the side wall plate and fixedly connected on the inner side surface of the cross beam.
6. A turnover steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: two adjacent sections the side wall board of framework coincides each other, the crossbeam of the top on the side wall board respectively with the side wall board fixed connection of two adjacent sections frameworks.
7. A turnover steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the crossbeam with erect the roof beam and be the I-steel, the inboard flange board that the crossbeam set up with side wall board laminating and fixed connection.
8. A turnover steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and two ends of the support frame are respectively fixed on the vertical beams on different side wall plates.
9. A turnover steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the side wall of the bottom of the box body is provided with a top pipe stiffening plate, the top pipe frame and the side wall plate are arranged in parallel and embedded in the side wall plate, oblique hole supports are arranged at the corners of the top pipe frame, and two ends of each oblique hole support are fixedly connected with the frame bodies on the adjacent sides of the top pipe frame respectively.
10. A construction method of a turnover steel open caisson supporting device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: excavating an open caisson, and sinking into a first section of frame body of the box body from the bottom when the excavation depth reaches a first elevation, wherein the first elevation is close to or equal to the height of the first frame body;
step 2: splicing a second section of frame body of the box body from the bottom on the first frame body, then continuously excavating the open caisson and reaching a second elevation, wherein the second elevation is close to or equal to the total height of the second section of frame body and the first section of frame body, and sinking into the second section of frame body;
and step 3: splicing an nth frame body of a box body from bottom to bottom on an n-1 th frame body, then continuously excavating an open caisson and reaching an nth elevation, wherein the nth elevation is close to or equal to the total height from the first frame body to the nth frame body, and sinking into the nth frame body, and n is a positive integer greater than 2;
and 4, step 4: after the depth of the sinking well reaches the set elevation, the frame body of the box body is not spliced, and the support frames are fixedly arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the box body in the sinking well.
11. The construction method of the turnover type steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: and in the step 3, when the frame body can not sink by self weight, the frame body is pressed by a jack to assist in sinking.
12. The construction method of the turnover type steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, a pipe-jacking hole is reserved in advance on a frame body at the lower part of the box body, and a stiffening plate is fixedly arranged at the pipe-jacking hole; further comprising the step 5: and cutting a top pipe opening on the stiffening plate.
13. The construction method of the turnover type steel open caisson supporting device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: step 6: after the construction operation is completed, uniformly and fixedly arranging lifting points or vertexes at the bottom of the box body, extracting the frame body section by section through a jack, backfilling a foundation pit with the height of one section of frame body when one section of frame body is extracted, and simultaneously taking down the frame body of the box body protruding out of the open caisson position.
CN201910843040.5A 2019-09-06 2019-09-06 Turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and construction method thereof Withdrawn CN110607800A (en)

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CN201910843040.5A CN110607800A (en) 2019-09-06 2019-09-06 Turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and construction method thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910843040.5A CN110607800A (en) 2019-09-06 2019-09-06 Turnover type steel open caisson supporting device and construction method thereof

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112482538A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-12 姜振波 Pouring process applying steel supporting structure
CN112482396A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-12 姜振波 Mounting method of deep foundation pit assembled steel supporting structure

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009084918A (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-23 Hiroshi Saito Underground structure construction method and underground structure constructed by the construction method
CN204151807U (en) * 2014-10-16 2015-02-11 中建海峡建设发展有限公司 The assembled steel open caisson that can reuse
CN106498969A (en) * 2016-10-20 2017-03-15 兰州理工大学 The construction method of space frame formula steel caisson retaining structure
CN109163143A (en) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-08 中国冶集团有限公司 A kind of assembled push pipe work open caisson and the construction method using it
CN109356183A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-02-19 武汉市市政建设集团有限公司 A kind of open caisson reserved opening plugging structure and its construction method
CN209025095U (en) * 2018-09-13 2019-06-25 中亿丰建设集团股份有限公司 A kind of caisson structure
CN211312570U (en) * 2019-09-06 2020-08-21 河南省第二建设集团有限公司 Can have enough to meet need formula steel open caisson supporting device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009084918A (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-23 Hiroshi Saito Underground structure construction method and underground structure constructed by the construction method
CN204151807U (en) * 2014-10-16 2015-02-11 中建海峡建设发展有限公司 The assembled steel open caisson that can reuse
CN106498969A (en) * 2016-10-20 2017-03-15 兰州理工大学 The construction method of space frame formula steel caisson retaining structure
CN209025095U (en) * 2018-09-13 2019-06-25 中亿丰建设集团股份有限公司 A kind of caisson structure
CN109163143A (en) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-08 中国冶集团有限公司 A kind of assembled push pipe work open caisson and the construction method using it
CN109356183A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-02-19 武汉市市政建设集团有限公司 A kind of open caisson reserved opening plugging structure and its construction method
CN211312570U (en) * 2019-09-06 2020-08-21 河南省第二建设集团有限公司 Can have enough to meet need formula steel open caisson supporting device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112482538A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-12 姜振波 Pouring process applying steel supporting structure
CN112482396A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-12 姜振波 Mounting method of deep foundation pit assembled steel supporting structure

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