TW201016604A - Novel precipitated silicas for carrier applications - Google Patents
Novel precipitated silicas for carrier applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201016604A TW201016604A TW098125548A TW98125548A TW201016604A TW 201016604 A TW201016604 A TW 201016604A TW 098125548 A TW098125548 A TW 098125548A TW 98125548 A TW98125548 A TW 98125548A TW 201016604 A TW201016604 A TW 201016604A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- precipitated vermiculite
- vermiculite
- precipitated
- dryer
- drying
- Prior art date
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
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Description
201016604 六、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於作爲載體材料之新穎沉澱矽石,及其製 法和用途。 【先前技術】 在許多用途領域中,例如,在用於作物保護的產品領 φ 域中,在活性藥用成份的情況中,在製造動物飼料和動物 飼料添加劑或在食品工業的情況中,可以使用載體材料以 ’例如,將液體或樹脂活性成份轉變成自由流動和儲存安 定形式。欲製造固態調合物,液體或可熔物質在一些情況 中與輔助劑(例如,界面活性劑和崩解劑)一起施用至載 體材料。在固態物質的情況中,載體材料主要作爲塡料, 另一方面它們在液體或低熔點物質的情況中吸收液體。此 應提供易管理、表面乾燥的吸收物,其可以直接以粉末( Φ wp ’可潤濕粉末)或進一步加工形式的顆粒或擠出物形 式(WG,水可分散的顆粒)售於市面上。 對於載體材料的重要要求係夠高的吸收率,以使得載 體材料的需要量儘量低。藉慣用方法,可以製造至多65% 吸收物(以液體密度爲1.00克/毫升計)具有足夠的流 動性。 載體材料載以高量活性成份以外的其他要求在於吸收 物在運送、轉移和製造吸收物時具有良好的流動性和形成 儘量少量的塵粒。欲改良此流動性,因此提出,例如在 -5- 201016604 EP 0984772 B1和EP 0966207 B1中’使用約球狀且平均 粒子尺寸超過150微米的微粒型沉源矽石作爲載體材料。 以此方式得到的吸收物確實具有改良的流動性。但是’由 於在製造吸收物的期間內’特別是具高液體載量時,混合 機和輸送系統中常看到這些沉澱矽石的塊狀材料’且產量 和產物品質降低且在一些情況中’必須以花費高且不便的 方式移除,所以加工性質非最適。 因此對於具有良好加工性及使得製得的吸收物具有高 Q 載量和高流動性之不昂貴的載體材料仍有高需求存在。 【發明內容】 因此,本發明的目的係提供新穎沉澱矽石,其不具有 或僅具有減低程度之先前技藝沉澱矽石的至少一些缺點, 且其得以製造具改良效能性質的新穎吸收物。此外,並將 提出製備沉澱矽石和製造吸收物之方法。 特定目的係提供沉澱矽石,其得以製造具有極佳流動 @ 性和良好加工性的吸收物。 藉申請專利範圍、發明說明和實例詳細定義的沉澱矽 石、吸收物和製法達到此目的和未明述的其他目的。 已發現,令人驚訝地,使用球狀且平均粒子尺寸的載 體材料不足以製造吸收物。本發明者藉詳細硏究發現,造 成在混合機中結塊的一個原因係因爲在製造吸收物的期間 內’在載體矽石上的機械應力形成細粒部分。另發現較硬 的沉澱矽石比較不會結塊。可藉由本發明之沉澱矽石的特 -6- 201016604 定製法使得矽石粒子的硬度提高至它們在製造吸收物的期 間內,明顯較佳地耐得住機械應力的程度且並因此而能明 顯降低吸收物製造期間內的塵粒形成,並同時確保此較硬 的沉澱矽石具有夠高的吸收率。因此,本發明之沉澱矽石 之特徵在於高孔隙度(以DBP數表示)和較佳之安定化 的孔隙壁。換言之,機械安定性提高且同時得到高吸收力 〇 0 本發明之矽石的較高機械安定性減少混合單元中的細 粒部分。因此具有在混合單元中之結塊較少的優點。 一較佳實施體系中,本發明之矽石具有約中性pH, 使得它們可以非常廣泛地作爲載體且不會對吸收的液體之 儲存安定性造成不利影響。 此外,相較於商業上使用的載體矽石(例如得自 Rhodia Chimie 的 Tixosil 38X 或 Hubersil 5170),本發明 之矽石在硬度(即,機械安定性)與吸收率之間具有最適 ❷ 關係。 因此,本發明提供一種沉澱矽石,其 -DBP吸收度(無水)爲210至270克/ 1〇〇克, -暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d5G係220至40 0微米, -暴於超音波1分鐘之後,小於200微米的粒子比例 低於3 5體積%。 本發明另提出一種製備本發明之沉澱矽石之方法,其 包含下列步驟 a) 提供未暴於超音波之平均粒子尺寸d5Q爲230至 201016604 600微米且濕份含量爲2至70重量%的沉澱矽石 b) 使來自步驟a)的沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性物質 或至少一種鹼性物質的至少一溶液接觸1分鐘至 72小時 〇) 將步驟b)得到的沉澱矽石乾燥。 本發明進一步提供本發明之矽石作爲載體物質之用途 〇 本發明最後提供吸收物,其包含至少一種本發明之矽 石。 【實施方式】 下文詳細描述本發明之標的。本發明之前後文中,同 義地使用名詞“沉澱矽石”和“矽石”。 本發明之沉澱矽石之特徵在於 -DBP吸收度(無水)爲210至270克/ 100克, -暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d5Q係220至400微米, © -暴於超音波1分鐘之後,小於200微米的粒子比例 低於3 5體積%。 夠高的DBP吸收度確保本發明之沉澱矽石可載以足 量的待吸收物質,並因此而得以達到目的之一,特定言之 ,能夠以最低量的載體材料製造具有最高載量的吸收物。 DBP過高時,即,沉澱矽石過於多孔時,不再能確保機械 安定性且造成在製造吸收物的期間內,細粒之形成提高。 因此,本發明之沉澱矽石的DBP吸收度(無水)以220 -8 - 201016604 至265克/ 100克爲佳且225至260克/ 100克更佳。 本發明之沉澱矽石的另一顯著性質爲其硬度。藉超音 波在沉澱矽石上作用1分鐘,模擬在吸收物製造期間內, 混合單元在沉澱矽石上的作用所造成的機械應力。本發明 之沉澱矽石之特點在於特別高的硬度,其使得在25瓦特 的超音波1分鐘之後的平均粒子尺寸d5Q在220至400微 米範圍內,以24〇至380微米爲佳,260至360微米更佳 φ 且270至350微米更佳。此粒子尺寸在確保本發明之沉澱 矽石製造的吸收物之足夠的流動性方面具有重要性。當確 保本發明之沉澱矽石具有非常實質上的球形時,可增進此 效果。因此,在較佳實施體系中,本發明之沉澱矽石具有 大約球形,其中大約球形對應於基本上經過噴嘴塔乾燥操 作之後的沉澱矽石形狀。具大約球形的沉源矽石的例子可 見於DE 198 07 700A1,圖式1和3至5,或 US 6,0 1 3,234,圖式 1。 φ 除了超音波或機械應力之後的平均粒子尺寸以外,本 發明之沉澱矽石的硬度爲使得小粒子(即,暴於超音波1 分鐘之後之粒子尺寸低於200微米的粒子)的比例以低於 35體積%爲佳,低於32體積%更佳,1至30體積%又更佳 ’ 1至28體積%特別佳,1至25體積%又特佳。此達到在 製造吸收物的期間內,在混合機中形成結塊非常實質上至 完全避免的效果,即使經過機械應力之後亦然。此外,此 確保在運送或在製造吸收物之後,沉澱矽石的塵粒形成明 顯降低。 -9 - 201016604 本發明的另一較佳實施體系中,本發明之沉澱矽石的 pH在5.5至9.5的範圍內,以5.5至9爲佳,5.5至8.5 更佳,6至8最佳。由於過強的酸性或過強的鹼性載體材 料會引發或促進分解作用或待吸收的液體之其他類型的化 學轉變,所以此沉澱矽石之非常實質上中性pH確保與待 吸收的液體相關之寬應用範圍。 本發明之沉澱矽石之製法可包含下列步驟: a) 提供未暴於超音波之平均粒子尺寸d5〇爲23 0至 _ 600微米且濕份含量爲2至70重量%的沉澱矽石 > b) 使來自步驟a)的沉澱矽石與至少一種鹸性物質 或至少一種鹼性物質的至少一溶液接觸1分鐘至 72小時,以於溫度爲10至150°C下接觸爲佳; c) 將該經鹼處理的沉澱矽石乾燥。 根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石之平 均粒子尺寸d5G爲230至600微米,以250至500微米爲 © 佳,250至400微米更佳且270至380微米最佳。此確保 方法終了時所得的沉澱矽石具有最適平均粒子尺寸。 此外,根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽 石之濕份含量必須爲2至70重量%。未限於特別的理論, 申請人認爲所用的沉澱矽石的高濕份含量確保步驟b)中 使用的鹼可夠深地穿透進入沉澱矽石的孔隙並因此可達到 足夠的硬化。反之,過低的濕份含量導致硬化不足。因此 ,在根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中初步引入的沉澱矽石 -10- 201016604 具有濕份含量爲2至70重量%。 由於沉澱矽石的硬度基本上僅在根據本發明之方法的 步驟b)中改變,所以初時在根據本發明之方法的步驟a )中引入的沉澱矽石具有的DBP吸收度(無水)爲210 至350克/ 100克,以220至300克/ 100克爲佳,230至 2 8 0克/ 100克更佳,230至270克/ 100克又更佳且特別 是240至260克/ 1 00克。 @ 根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石以事 先經過至少一個乾燥步驟爲佳,但視情況而定地經過多個 乾燥步驟。基本上,此處可以使用任何已知的乾燥方法, 例如,藉流式乾燥機(flow dryer )、噴霧乾燥機、分段 乾燥機(staged dryer )、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機、急 速乾燥機、旋轉急速乾燥機或噴嘴乾燥機乾燥。這些乾燥 方式變體包括以霧化器、一或二物質噴嘴或整體流化床操 作。較佳方法中,在至少一個乾燥步驟中進行噴嘴乾燥操 • 作。此可達到步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石已具有球形的效 果。 根據本發明之方法的步驟b)中,來自步驟a)的沉 澱矽石與至少一種鹼性物質或至少一種鹼性物質的至少一 溶液接觸1分鐘至72小時,以於溫度爲10至150°C接觸 爲佳。未限於特別的理論,申請人認爲以至少一種鹼處理 造成沉澱矽石部分溶解和形成新的內部孔壁,此形成更安 定的壁。取決於所用的鹼和所用沉澱矽石的孔隙結構,接 觸時間可爲1分鐘至72小時,以1分鐘至48小時爲佳, -11 - 201016604 1分鐘至24小時更佳,1分鐘至16小時又更佳,低於6 小時特別佳。沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性介質接觸的溫度( 根據反應器,在矽石床中或反應層測定)以l〇°C至150°C 爲佳,10°c至120t較佳,10°c至100°C更佳,10°C至80 °C特別佳,10°C至60°c又特佳。 沉澱矽石可與鹼性介質在大氣壓、減低的大氣壓或在 0.2至10巴的提高壓力下接觸。
較佳變體中,硬化的沉澱矽石在步驟c)的乾燥過程 中藉熱氣體或在減低壓力下中和,或在另一較佳變體中, 在步驟c)之前或之後藉由與酸化劑接觸而中和。 在步驟c)中之乾燥可藉所有已知之保留粒子的乾燥 法(例如藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉 管乾燥機)進行。這些乾燥方式變體包括以霧化器、一或 二
此外,使用氣態鹼的情況中,步驟c )中之乾燥可以 同時藉熱乾燥空氣和/或熱乾燥氣體驅離氣態鹼的方式進 行。 較佳地,可以使用矽烷、矽氧烷、聚矽氧烷或蠟進行 本發明之沉澱矽石的疏水化處理。 根據本發明之方法的第一個較佳變體中,步驟a)中 使用的沉澱矽石之水含量爲2至70重量%,以2至50重 量%爲佳,5至2 5重量%更佳,1 0至2 0重量%較佳。可藉 由乾燥沉澱物懸浮液以直接得到具有所須濕份含量的沉澱 矽石,或者藉由具有較低濕份的沉澱矽石與水接觸,以建 -12- 201016604 立所欲濕份含量,達到沉澱矽石的濕份含量。此接觸可藉 嫻於此技藝者已知的所有方法實行。 此方法變體中’另較佳地,在步驟b)中,使用於23 °C和大氣壓下爲氣體且選自氣態烷基胺和氨的鹼。此情況 中,沉澱矽石與氣態鹸接觸,使得沉澱矽石在與該氣態鹼 接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍內,以8至11爲佳,8.5 至11更佳且9至11最佳。此接觸可藉由使得氣態鹼在適 φ 當反應器(例如,旋轉管爐)中通過沉澱矽石,或藉由將 氣體和沉澱矽石引至壓熱器中而進行。 此實施體系中,接觸時間是1分鐘至72小時,以1 分鐘至48小時爲佳,1分鐘至24小時更佳,1分鐘至16 小時又更佳,低於6小時特別佳。沉澱矽石與至少—種氣 態鹼接觸的溫度爲l〇t:至150°C,以l〇°C至120°C爲佳, l〇°C至100°C更佳,l〇t至80°C又更佳,l〇°C至60t特別 佳。 # 此沉澱矽石可以與氣態鹸在大氣壓或在0.2至10巴 的提高壓力下接觸。 此實施體系中使用的氣態鹼具有的優點在於,在硬化 終了之後,可輕易地自沉澱矽石再度移除鹼。因此,此實 施體系中,較佳地,步驟c)中之乾燥以藉至少一種選自 空氣、蒸汽、惰性氣體或前述氣體和/或蒸氣之混合物的 氣體驅離水和鹼地進行。藉蒸汽或空氣進行乾燥爲佳,藉 空氣進行更佳。亦可能使用不須使用氣體的真空乾燥機。 用以驅離水和鹼的氣體所具有的溫度以高於或等於2 0 t爲 -13 - 201016604 佳,20 至 700°C 較佳,40°C 至 500°C 更佳,60°C 至 350°C 特別佳,80°C至250°C極特別佳。 爲了要能夠完全驅離鹼並因此而在步驟c)期間內達 到pH 5.5-8.0,此實施體系中必須在步驟c)中使得沉澱 矽石乾燥至濕份含量低於3重量%。但是,由於載體矽石 基本上具有濕份含量爲5至7重量%,所以可據此藉由在 驅離鹼之後添加水地調整濕份含量。 在步驟c)中藉熱氣體或在減低壓力下進行之水和鹼 @ 之驅離可藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉 管乾燥機、流化床乾燥機、乾燥箱進行,或在真空乾燥機 中進行。 在步驟c)中乾燥的期間內,欲降低矽石的pH,或者 欲藉熱氣驅離鹼,可在步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c)之 後添加至少一種酸化劑,直到矽石的pH爲5.5至8.0。然 後’中和的矽石可直接乾燥,或在乾燥之前進行一或多個 清洗步驟。 © 所用酸化劑可爲稀釋或濃縮的無機酸(例如HC1、 HN〇3 > H3PO4)、有機酸(例如醋酸、甲酸或co2),其 爲氣態形式或在溶液中。 在步驟C)之後進行酸化處理時,可能須要進一步的 乾燥步驟。此情況中,可類似地進行所有已知的乾燥法, 例如,藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管 乾燥機、乾燥箱、流化床乾燥機或藉熱氣乾燥。 根據本發明之方法的第二較佳實施體系中,步驟a) -14- 201016604 中的沉澱矽石之水含量至多70重量%,以2至70重量% 爲佳。沉澱矽石的濕份含量可藉由乾燥沉澱物懸浮液以直 接得到具有所須濕份含量的沉澱矽石,或藉由使具有較低 濕份含量的沉澱矽石與水或鹼溶液接觸以建立所欲濕份含 量的方式而達成。此接觸可藉嫻於此技藝者已知的所有方 法進行。 此方法變體中,另較佳地,步驟b)中使用的鹼係包 ❹ 含至少一種鹼的溶液(下文中稱爲鹼溶液)或是固體鹼, 且該鹼選自鹼金屬氫氧化物、鹼土金屬氫氧化物、鹼金屬 氧化物、鹼土金屬氧化物、氨、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、水玻 璃和胺。該鹼溶液係藉適當溶劑製備。適當溶劑是,例如 ,水、具有1至10個碳原子的支鏈或直鏈、單羥基或多 羥基醇。 此實施體系中,沉澱矽石與鹼或鹼溶液接觸,使得沉 澱矽石與鹼和/或鹼溶液接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍 φ 內,以8至11爲佳,8.5至11更佳,9至11最佳。此接 觸可藉由將鹼溶液噴在沉澱矽石上,藉由將鹼溶液逐滴加 至沉澱矽石,或藉由將沉澱矽石攪入或混入鹼溶液中,或 藉由製造沉澱矽石在鹼溶液中之懸浮液或分散液而達成。 此實施體系中,接觸時間是1分鐘至72小時,以1 分鐘至48小時爲佳,1分鐘至24小時較佳,1分鐘至16 小時更佳,低於6小時特別佳。沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼接 觸的溫度(根據反應器,在矽石床或反應層中測定)以1 0 °C 至 150°C 爲佳,l〇°C 至 120°C 較佳,l〇°C 至 l〇〇°C 更佳, -15- 201016604 10°C至8〇t又更佳,10°C至60°c特別佳。 沉澱矽石可與氣態鹼在大氣壓或在0.2至10巴的提 高壓力下接觸。 此實施體系中使用的鹼溶液可以比第一個較佳實施體 系中的氣態鹼更簡便的方式處理並因此而具有設備複雜度 較低的優點。 此實施體系中,步驟c)中的乾燥可藉所有已知保留 粒子的乾燥方法進行,例如,藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機 、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機或真空乾燥機。這些乾燥方 式變體包括以霧化器、一或二物質噴嘴或整體流化床操作 〇 此情況中,欲得到PH5.5至8之硬化的沉澱矽石,在 步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c)之後,沉澱矽石的pH藉 與酸化劑接觸而調整至pH 5.5至8.0。然後,中和的矽石 可直接乾燥,或在乾燥之前進行一或多個清洗步驟。 所用酸化劑可爲稀釋或濃縮的無機酸(例如HC1、 hno3、H3P04)、有機酸(例如醋酸、甲酸或c〇2),其 爲氣態形式或在溶液中。 在步驟c)之後進行酸化處理時,可能須要進一步的 乾燥步驟。此額外的乾燥可藉所有已知保留粒子的乾燥方 法進行,例如,藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機 或迴轉管乾燥機。這些乾燥方式變體包括以霧化器、一或 二物質噴嘴或整體流化床操作。 本發明之沉澱矽石可用以製造吸收物,被吸收的物質 -16- 201016604 較佳爲硬化劑或引發劑、交聯劑、觸媒、藥用 輔助劑、化粧用活性成份和輔助劑、清潔和/ 香料、芳香物和香氣、動物飼料或動物飼料添加 胺基酸、維生素、礦物質)、食品或食品添加劑 /或顔料、胺基酸、氧化或漂白劑、具殺菌劑( 真菌或殺菌作用)之添加劑、用於農業和林業的 /或混凝土添加劑。吸收在載體上的材料可爲液 Φ 樹脂、溶液、分散液、懸浮液或熔融物。 在動物飼料和動物飼料添加劑領域中的吸收 例如維生素、礦物質、胺基酸和芳香物。更佳地 甲酸、丙酸、乳酸、磷酸、氯化膽鹼溶液、維生 酯和植物萃出物(如萬壽菊萃出物)。 在農業和林業領域中的吸收物包括,例如, 料(例如含硝酸鹽-和/或磷酸鹽的肥料)、作 成物、農藥(例如除草劑、殺真菌劑、殺蟲劑) φ 化粧產品領域中的吸收物包括,例如,油( 香水油、保養油、香精油和矽酮油)、活性抗菌 毒或殺真菌成份;消毒劑和抗微生物物質;消臭 化劑;生物活性物質和生物源(biogenic)活性 生素和維生素複合物;酵素和酵素系統,如,澱 維素酶、脂酶和蛋白酶;化粧活性物質,如化粧 衛生產品的成份;清洗-和清潔-活性物質,如所 界面活性劑、清洗-和/或清潔-活性無機和有機 和去污活性成份、氧化劑和漂白劑、漂白活性劑 '性成份和 ,保養劑、 劑(例如 、染料和 特別是殺 化學品和 體、油、 物包括, ,這些是 素E乙酸 吸收的肥 物保護組 〇 如精油、 劑、抗病 劑;抗氧 成份;維 粉酶、纖 品和個人 有類型的 酸、防污 、補助劑 -17- 201016604 和輔補助劑、抗再沉澱添加劑、灰色化和褪色抑制劑、用 於色彩保護的活性物質、用於清洗保養的物質和添加劑、 亮光劑、發泡抑制劑、PH改性劑和pH緩衝物質。 食品和食品添加劑領域中的吸收物包括,例如’吸收 的芳香物、食品補充劑、維生素、礦物質、胺基酸。
來自活性藥用成份的吸收物包括所有種類的活性藥用 成份,例如,α -蛋白酶抑制劑、、阿巴卡韋(abacavir ) 、阿昔單抗(abciximab)、阿卡波糖(acarbose)、乙酿 基水楊酸、阿昔洛韋(acyclovir)、腺苷(adenosine)、 沙 丁胺醇(albuterol )、( aldesleukin )、阿潘鱗酸鈉( alendronate )、阿夫哩嗪(alfuzosin)、阿洛司環( alosetron )、阿普嗤盡(alprazolam )、鏈激酶( alteplase)、沐舒坦(ambroxol)、氨碟汀(amifostine) 、胺換酮(amiodarone )、阿米舒必利(amisulpride )、 氣氯地平(amlodipine)、阿莫西林(amoxycillin)、安 非他明(amphetamine)、兩性黴素(amphotericin)、氨 节青黴素(ampicillin )、那韋(amprenavir)、阿那格雷 (anagrelide )、阿那曲唑(anastrozole )、降纖酶( ancrod ) 、antihaemophilic 因子(antihaemophilic factor )、抑肽酶(aprotinin )、阿替洛爾(atenolol )、阿伐 他汀(atorvastatin )、阿托品(atropine )、氮卓斯汀( azelastine)、阿奇黴素(azithromycin)、奧(azulene) 、巴尼地平(barnidipine )、丙酸倍氯米松( beclomethasone )、苯那普利(benazepril )、苄絲( -18 - 201016604
benserazide )、貝前列素(beraprost)、倍他米松( betamethasone )、倍他洛爾(betaxolol)、苯扎貝特( bezafibrate )、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、沒藥醇( bisabolol)、比索洛爾(bisoprolol)、肉毒桿菌毒素( botulin toxin )、溴莫尼定(brimonidine)、西泮( bromazepam )、溴隱亭(bro mocriptine )、布地奈德( budesonide )、布比卡因(bupivacaine )、安非他酮( bupropion ) 、丁 螺環酮(buspirone)、骨化三醇( butorphanol)、布托啡諾(cabergoline)、卡泊三醇( calcipotriene )、降銘素(calcitonin)、骨化三醇( calcitriol)、棒腦(camphor )、坎地沙坦(candesartan )、坎地沙坦(candesartan) ' 西來替昔(cilexetil)、 卡托普利(captopril)、卡馬西平(carbamazepine)、卡 比多巴(carbidopa)、卡銷(carboplatin)、卡維地洛( carvedilol)、頭孢克洛(cefaclor)、頭孢經氨节( cefadroxil )、頭孢西丁 ( cefaxitin )、頭孢哩啉( cefazolin)、頭孢地尼(cefdinir)、頭孢 B比后(cefepime ) '頭孢克陌(cefixime )、頭孢美哩(cefmetazole )、 頭孢哌酮(cefoperazone)、頭孢替安(cefotiam)、頭孢 哩普(cefoxopran )、頭抱泊勝(cefpodoxime )、頭孢丙 嫌(cefprozil)、頭孢他旋(ceftazidime)、頭孢布嫌( ceftibuten )、頭孢三嗪(ceftriaxone)、頭孢呋辛( cefuroxime )、塞來昔布(celecoxib)、塞利洛爾( celiprolol )、頭孢氨苄(cephalexin )、立伐他汀( -19 - 201016604
cerivastatin )、西替利曉(cetirizine)、氣黴素( chloramphenicol)、西司他丁(cilastatin)、西拉普利( cilazapril )、西咪替丁 ( cimetidine )、環丙貝特( ciprofibrate)、環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、西沙必利( cisapride)、順鉛(cisplatin)、西普蘭(citalopram)、 克拉黴素(clarithromycin) ' 克拉維酸(clavulanic acid )、克林黴素(clindamycin)、米帕明(clomipramine) 、氯硝西泮(clonazepam )、氯壓定(clonidine )、氯口比 格雷(clopidogrel)、克黴哩(clotrimazole)、氯氮平( clozapine )、色甘酸鈉(cromolyn )、環憐酸胺( cyclophosphamide)、環孢素(cyclosporin)、醋酸環丙 氯地孕酮(cyproterone )、達肝素鈉(dalteparin )、去 鐵胺(deferoxamine)、去氧孕烯(desogestrel)、右旋 安非他命(dextroamphetamine)、地西泮(diazepam)、 雙氯芬酸(d i c 1 o f e n a c )、去經肌苷(d i d a η 〇 s i n e )、洋地 黃毒苷(digitoxin)、地高辛(digoxin)、雙氫麥角胺( dihydroergotamine )、地爾(diltiazem )、白喉蛋白( diphtheria protein)、白喉類毒素(diphtheria toxoid)、 帝帕克(divalproex )、多巴酣丁胺(dobutamine )、多 烧紫杉醇(docetaxel )、多拉司ϊ重(dolasetron )、多奈 哌齊(donepezil)、阿夫哩曉-α (dornase-α )、多佐胺 (dorzolamide)、多沙哩曉(doxazosin)、去氧氟尿音 (doxifl uridine)、阿黴素(doxorubicin)、去氫孕酮( dydrogesterone )、依卡倍特(ecabet )、依非韋倫( -20 - 201016604 efavirenz )、依那普利(enalaprii )、依諾肝素( enoxaparin )、乙顿立松(eperisone)、依匹斯汀( epinastine )、表阿黴素(epirubicin ) '埃替非巴肽(
eptifibatide )、促紅細胞生成素-α ( erythr〇p〇i etin- α ) 、促紅細胞生成素-β ( erythropoietin-/^ )、依那西普( etanercept )、美雌醇(ethynyloestradiol )、依托度( etodolac)、足葉乙甙(et〇p〇side)、因子 VIII (factor VIII)、泛昔洛韋(famciclovir)、法莫替丁( famotidine )、法羅培南(faropenem )、非洛地平(felodipine )、 非諾貝特(fenofibrate)、非諾多泮(fenoldopam)、芬 太尼(fentanyl)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、惠爾血 (filgrastim )、非那雄胺(finasteride )、氟氧頭孢( flomoxef )、氟!康嗖(fluconazole)、氟達拉濱( fludarabine )、氟尼縮松(flunisolide )、氟硝西泮( flunitrazepam )、氟伏沙明氟西汀(fluoxetine)、氟他胺 (flutamide )、氟替卡松(fluticasone )、氟伐他汀( fluvastatin ) 、 ( fluvoxamine )、促濾泡素- α ( follitropin- a )、促濾泡素-/5 (follitropin-;3 )、福莫特 羅(formoterol )、福辛普利(fosinopril )、速尿( furosemide )、加巴噴丁 ( gabapentin ) 、fL 雙胺( gadodi am ide)、更昔洛韋(ganciclovir)、加替沙星( gatifloxacin )、吉西他濱(gemcitabine )、孕二嫌酮( gestodene )、格拉默(glatiramer )、優降糖( glibenclamide)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、格列吡嗪( -21 - 201016604
glipizide )、格列本脲(glyburide)、戈舍瑞林( goserelin )、格拉司壤(granisetron)、灰黃黴素( griseofulvin) 、B 型肝炎抗原(hepatitis B antigen)、透 明質酸(hyaluronic acid)、二氫可待因(hycosin)、氫 氯噻曉 (hydrochlorothiazide )、二氫可待因酮 ( hydrocodone )、氫化可的松(hydrocortisone)、氫嗎啡 (hydromorphone )、經氯嗤(hydroxychloroquine )、海 蘭 G-F 20(hylan G-F 20)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、環憐 醯胺(ifosfamide )、咪達普利(imidapril )、伊米苷酶 (imiglucerase )、亞胺培南(imipenem )、免疫球蛋白 (immunoglobulin )、節地那韋(indinavir )、消炎痛( indomethacin )、單克隆抗體(infliximab·)、胰島素( insulin)、人體胰島素(insulin human)、胰島素類似物 (insulin lispro)、諾和瑞筆型胰島素(insulin aspart) 、干擾素· θ ( interferon- /3)、干擾素-α ( interferon- α )、碘:-125 (iodine-125)、澳克沙醇(iodixanol)、碘 海醇(iohexol )、碑美普爾(iomeprol )、执普羅胺( iopromide)、挑佛醇(ioversol)、确普西(ioxoprolene )、異丙托(ipratropium)、依普黃酮(ipriflavone)、 厄貝沙坦(irbesartan )、依立替康(irinotecan )、異山 梨醋(isosorbide)、異維 A 酸(isotretinoin)、伊拉地 平(isradipine )、伊曲康哦(itraconazole )、二鉀氯氮 卓(potassium chlorazepate ) 、氯化紳(potassium chloride)、嗣略酸(ketorolac)、嗣替芬(ketotifen) -22- 201016604 ❹
、百日咳疫苗(whooping cough vaccine)、凝血因子 IX (clotting factor IX)、拉米夫定(lamivudine)、拉莫三 嗪(lamotrigine)、蘭索拉哩(ians0prazole)、拉坦前列 素(latanoprost )、來氟米特(leflunomide )、雷諾格拉 斯蒂(lenograstim)、來曲唾(letrozole)、亮丙瑞林( leuprolide )、左旋多巴(lev〇dopa )、左氧氟沙星( levofloxacin)、左块諾孕酮(levonorgestrel)、甲狀腺 素(levothyroxine )、利多卡因(lidocaine )、雷奈佐里 (linezolide )、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、碘帕醇( lopamidol )、氯碳頭孢(loracarbef )、氯雷他定( loratadine)、勞拉西泮(lorazepam)、氯沙坦(losartan )、洛伐他汀(lovastatin )、賴氨酸乙醯水楊酸(lysine acetylsalicylic acid)、馬尼地平(manidipine)、甲基钻 胺素 (mecobalamin ) 、 安宮黃體酮 ( medroxyprogesterone )、甲地孕酮(megestrol )、美洛昔 康(meloxicam)、維生素 K(.menatetrenone)、流行性 腦脊髓膜炎苗(meningococcus vaccine)、促卵泡成熟荷 爾蒙(menotropin )、美羅培南(meropenem )、美沙拉 嗪(mesalamine)、美他沙酮(metaxalone) '二甲雙胍 (metformin )、利他林(methylphenidate )、可的松( methylprednisolone)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、咪達哩 盡(midazolam)、米力農(milrinone)、二甲胺四環素 (minocycline)、米氮平(mirtazapine)、米索前列醇( misoprostol )、米托(mitoxantrone )、嗎氯貝胺( -23- 201016604
moclobemide)、莫達非尼(m〇dafinil)、糖酸莫美他松 (mometasone )、欣流(montelukast )、馬尼氟醋( morniflumate )、嗎啡(morphium )、莫西沙星( moxifloxacin )、黴酣酸嗎琳彼醋(mycophenolate) 、丁 美酮(nabumetone)、低分子肝素(nadroparin)、萘普 生(naproxen )、納拉(naratriptan )、奈法嗤酮( nefazodone )、那非那韋(nelfinavir )、奈韋拉平( nevirapine)、蔽驗酸(niacin)、地平(nicardipine)、 尼麥角林(nicergoline)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、尼魯 米特(nilutamide)、尼伐地平(nilvadipine)、尼莫地 平(nimodipine) '硝酸甘油(nitroglycerin)、尼扎替 丁( nizatidine)、炔諾酮(norethindrone)、諾氟沙星( norfloxacin )、奧曲肽(octreotide )、奧氮平( olanzapine )、奧美拉哩(omeprazole )、恩丹西酮( ondansetron)、奧利司他(orlistat)、奧司他韋( oseltamivir )、雌二醇(oestradiol )、雌激素( oestrogens )、益樂細(oxaliplatin )、奧沙普曉( oxaprozin )、嚼喹酸(oxolinic acid)、奧昔布寧( oxybutynin )、紫杉醇(paclitaxel )、單克隆抗體( palivizumab )、帕米鱗酸(pamidronate)、膜脂酶( pancrelipase)、帕尼培南(panipenem)、泮托拉哩( pantoprazole)、撲熱息痛(paracetamol)、帕羅西汀( paroxetine)、己嗣可可鹼(pentoxifylline)、筒利特( pergolide )、苯妥英(phenytoin )、妣格列酮( -24- 201016604
pioglitazone )、哌拉西林(piperacillin )、羅昔康( piroxicam )、普拉克索(pramipexole )、普伐他汀( pravastatin )、哌哩曉(prazosin)、普羅布考(probucol )、黃體酮(progesterone )、普羅帕酮(propafenone ) 、丙泊酣(propofol )、丙氧芬(propoxyphene )、前列 腺素(prostaglandin)、富馬酸唼硫平(quetiapin)、喹 那普利(quinapril)、雷貝拉哩(rabeprazole)、雷洛昔 芬(raloxifene)、雷米普利(ramipril)、雷尼替丁( ranitidine)、瑞格列奈(repaglinide)、利血平( reserpine )、病毒哩(ribavirin)、利魯哇(riluzole)、 利培酮(risperidone )、利托那韋(ritonavir )、美羅華 (rituximab )、尼瓦林(rivastigmin)、利扎曲( rizatriptan )、羅非昔布(rofecoxib )、羅匹尼羅( ropinirole)、羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)、沙美特羅( salmeterol )、沙奎那韋(saquinavir)、沙格司亭( sargramostim )、沙雷肽酶(serrapeptase )、舍曲林( sertraline )、司維拉姆(sevelamer )、西布曲明( sibutramine )、西地那非(sildenafil)、辛伐他汀( simvastatin )、基因重組生長激素(somatropin)、索他 洛爾(sotalol)、安體舒通(spironolactone)、司他夫定 (stavudine )、舒巴坦(sulbactam ) '碯胺乙二哩( sulfaethidole)、新諾明(sulfamethoxazole)、柳氮磺胺 Π比陡(sulfasalazine)、舒必利(sulpiride)、舒馬( sumatriptan )、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、三苯氧胺( -25- 201016604 tamoxifen)、坦索羅辛(tamsulosin)、三哩巴坦( tazobactam )、替考拉寧(teicoplanin )、特莫卡普( temocapril)、替莫 Π坐胺(temozolomide)、替奈普酶( tenecteplase )、諾昔康(tenoxicam )、替普瑞( teprenone )、特拉嗤嗪(terazosin)、特比蔡芬 ( terbinafine )、特布他林(terbutaline )、破傷風類毒素 (tetanus toxoid ) 、丁 苯那曉(tetrabenazine ) 、 (
tetrazapam)、磨香草酸(thymol)、噻加賓(tiagabine )、替勃龍(tibolone )、替卡西林(ticarcillin )、噻氯 耻陡(ticlopidine)、噻嗎洛爾(timolol)、替羅非班( tirofiban )、替扎尼陡(tizanidine )、妥布徽素( tobramycin)、生育酌薛驗酸醋(tocopheryl nicotinate) 、托特羅定(tolterodin)、托吡醋(topiramate)、拓撲 替康(topotecan)、托拉塞米(torasemide)、曲馬多( tramadol)、群多普利(trandolapril)、曲妥珠單抗( trastuzumab )、曲安縮松(triamcinolone )、三哩斋( triazolam )、曲美布汀(trimebutine )、甲氧节陡( trimethoprim )、曲格列酮(troglitazone)、托院司( tropisetron )、妥洛特羅(tulobuterol )、烏諾前列酮( unoprostone)、烏諾弗利妥品(urofollitropin)、萬乃洛 韋(valacyclovir)、丙戊酸(valproic acid)、纈沙坦( valsartan )、萬古黴素(v ancomycin )、文拉法辛( venlafaxine )、維拉帕米(verapamil )、維替泊芬( verteporfin )、氨己稀酸(vigabatrin )、溫諾平( -26- 201016604 vinorelbine)、長春乙醋(vinpocetine)、伏格列波( voglibose )、華法令(warfarin )、扎魯司特( zafirlukast )、扎來普隆(zaleplon )、扎那米韋( zanamivir )、齊多夫淀(zidovudine)、佐米曲普坦( zolmitriptan )、哩卩ϋ 坦(zolpidem)、佐匹克隆( zopi cl one)和其衍生物。但是,瞭解活性藥用成份亦指其 他物質,如,維生素、維生素原(provitamins )、必須脂 0 肪酸、植物和動物來源的萃出物、植物和動物來源的油、 植物藥用製劑和順勢療法的製劑。 本發明之沉澱矽石或矽酸鹽特別可作爲動物飼料添加 劑(如,甲酸、丙酸、乳酸、磷酸、氯化膽鹸溶液、維生 素E乙酸酯或植物萃出物(如萬壽菊萃出物))的載體。 此外,本發明之沉澱矽石可作爲化學中間產物(如、 三聚氰胺樹脂)或塗漆添加劑的載體材料。 欲製造吸收物,本發明之沉澱矽石與至少一種待吸收 • 的物質(如,可滲入沉澱矽石孔隙中的物質)接觸。此處 ,可以使用嫻於此技藝者已知的所有技術,例如,混合或 流化床法。較佳地,先將沉澱矽石引至固體混合單元(例 如捏和機、槳式乾燥機、顛動混合機、直立式混合機、槳 式混合機、Schugi混合機、水泥混合機、Gericke連續混 合機、Eirich混合機和/或筒混合機)中。據此,取決於 待吸收的物質類型和組成、設備構造和程序要求而選擇程 序參數。對應技巧和方法爲嫻於此技藝者習知者。 吸收物中吸收的物質含量介於5毫升/100克矽石和 -27- 201016604 230毫升/ 100克矽石之間。 藉下列方法測定本發明之沉澱矽石的反應條件和物化 數據: DBP吸收度之測定 DBP吸收度(DBP數),其爲沉澱矽石的吸收率指標 ,係基於如下的標準DIN 53601測得: 用於DBP吸收的矽石的濕份含量應爲4-8重量%。有 須要時,此可藉乾燥或以水濕化而建立。任何乾燥需求可 於1 〇5 °C完成。樣品的濕化可以,例如,藉由使得在氣候 控制箱中噴出的矽石薄層適應條件而完成。應避免直接以 液態水濕化,此由於此將無可避免地導致液體分佈不均之 故。 12.50克濕份含量4-8重量%的粉狀或粒狀矽石引至吸 收計(Brabender之配備鋼槽(Art. No. 1.2316)的吸收計 C或Hitec之配備鋼槽(Art. No. 1597)的吸收計(型號 DABS ))的捏和槽。以穩定混合(捏和槳的圓周速率 125rpm) 使用 D〇simat(吸收計 C: Schott Titronic 通 用滴管’公稱體積50毫升,或Hitec吸收計:Schott Titronic通用滴管,公稱體積5〇毫升)將Vestin〇i c (酞 @Z:T_)以4毫升/分鐘的速率於室溫逐滴添加至混合 物。此混合於低扭矩進行。扭矩在控制PC的螢幕上標點 。隨著測定接近終點,混合物變成糊狀,此造成扭矩急劇 提高。當數値顯示600時(扭矩〇.6Nm),切斷捏和機和 -28- 201016604 DBP量的電力連接。用於DBP供料的同步馬達連接至數 位計數器,以便讀取DBP消耗量(單位爲毫升)° DBP吸收度以克/ (100克)報導且藉下列式計算· DBP = V*D * 100 * g + κ Έ 100 g 其中 DBP = DBP吸收度,單位是克/ ( 100克) V =DBP消耗,單位是毫升 D =DBP密度,單位是克/毫升(1.047克/毫升’ 2 0°C ) E =矽石的起始重量,單位是克 K =根據濕份校正表的校正値,單位是克/ (1〇〇 克) DBP吸收度定義用於無水之經乾燥的矽石。在使用帶 濕份的沉澱矽石的情況中,應將校正値K列入DBP吸收 度的計算中。可以使用下面的校正表定出此値。例如,水 含量5.8 %的矽石將指DBP吸收度另貢獻33克/ (1〇〇克 )。藉“濕份含量和乾失量之測定”測定矽石的濕份含量。 -29 - 201016604 表1:用於酞酸二丁酯吸收度(無水)的濕份含量校 正表 %濕份含量 .%濕份含量 .0 .2 .4 .6 .8 4 28 29 29 30 3 1 5 3 1 32 32 33 33 6 34 34 35 35 36 7 36 37 38 38 39 8 39 40 40 41 41 藉雷射繞射測定粒子尺寸 雷射繞射測定粒子尺寸之應用係以粒子以不同的強度 型式繞射單色光的現象爲基礎。此繞射取決於粒子尺寸。 粒子越小,繞射角度越大。 未暴於超音波的d5c和暴於超音波1分鐘後的d5〇之 測定 在親水性(水可潤濕的)沉澱矽石的情況中,樣品製 @ 備和測定(模組沖洗··等)係藉分散流體(0.05質量%二 磷酸四鈉在去礦質水中)之助而進行。在疏水性(非水可 潤濕的)沉澱矽石的情況中,此藉乙醇/水混合物(體積 比1:1)進行。開始測定之前,令包括Sonics Vibracell US處理器(型號VCX 130)的雷射繞射儀器LS 230(得 自 Beckman Coulter,Art. No. 66052 1 0,其具液體模組(
Small Volume Module Plus,120 毫升,得自 Beckman Coulter,該模組具有內部US套管(直徑6毫米),Art -30- 201016604
No. 6605 5 06 )溫熱2小時,且該模組以分散流體沖洗三 次並校正。在疏水性沉澱矽石的情況中,以乙醇/水混合 物沖洗三次。 在儀器軟體的選項列(如,3.29版)中,經由選項點 “analysis”,選擇檔案視窗“calculate opt. model” 並將繞射 指數定義在.rfd檔案中:液體繞射指數B.I.reaI= 1.3 32 ( 乙醇爲 1.3 59 );材料繞射指數 real=1.46 ;想像( imaginary) =0.1 ;形成因子1)。然後選擇選項窗“sampu info”並定義樣品名稱。此外,定義儲存分析和分散流體的 檔案名稱並以“OK”確認。在選項中,現在選擇選項窗 “measurement cycle”)。在此視窗中,在確認 “new s a m p 1 e ”之後,定義或活化下列設定:
“Offset measurement” 、 “adjust” 、 “background measurement” 、 “set sample concentration” 、 “imput sample info”(用以檢視 sample info中宣告的樣品)、 “start 1 measurement”和鈍化 PIDS 功能。此外,在“input measurement info”選擇中,定義測定時間爲60秒鐘。此 外,此處選擇“Fraunhofer.rfd”光學模式,且活化“size distribution” (檢視 “during the measurement’,)和 “save date”。在測定儀器上(或在Small Volume Module)將抽 吸率設定於75%。 藉由刮勺,添加矽石樣品(即,未過篩的原始材料) 直到測定濃度達到8至1 2%且儀器顯示“OK”。然後藉抽吸 循環,無超音波地進一步分散60秒鐘。活化“st art”選項 -31 - 201016604 ,以於室溫測定並無超音波地測定d5G値。然後,藉SVM 模組中的內部超音波套管,此分散液暴於25瓦特60秒鐘 ,未經脈衝,並再度分析,以提供超音波處理1分鐘之後 的 d5〇。藉儀器軟體,以體積分佈和光學模型參數( Fraunhofer.rdf檔案)爲基礎,自原始數據曲線得到每次 測定的d50値。此d5〇値爲中間値。 暴於超音波1分鐘之後之<200微米的粒子比例之測 g 定 暴於超音波之後之<200微米的粒子比例(以%表示) 係以圖表方式自使用雷射繞射(Coulter LS 230 ),用以 測定暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d5Q値之粒子尺寸測定得到 之累積的體積分佈曲線定出。 (濕份含量)乾失量之測定 矽石的濕份含量係根據ISO 787-2於105°C在強制空 ◎ 氣乾燥箱中乾燥2小時之後測定)。乾燥失重主要源自於 水份。 最終硬化的沉澱矽石之pH之測定 所有pH測定的固體起始重量係以乾燥材料爲基礎。 當使用未乾燥的原始材料時,必須測定其乾失量(濕份含 量)。然後以乾失量的値校正用於pH測定的起始重量。 以DIN EN ISO 787-9爲基礎,矽石的pH係在5%水 -32- 201016604 性懸浮液中於室溫測定。不同於此標準的條文,選擇起始 重量5.00克的矽石在95毫升的去離子水中。 下列實例用以進一步說明本發明,但不欲限制其範圍 沉澱矽石之硬化的試驗效能之一般描述 48.5毫升的O.ln NaOHaq引至可密閉之體積爲250毫 ❿ 升的玻璃瓶中,添加25克沉澱矽石且其藉刮勺以手攪拌1 分鐘。然後,密閉此瓶並於室溫(約23 °C)儲存15分鐘 。然後,將上瓶的內容物以均勻層厚度倒在預熱的玻璃盤 (直徑30公分)上並在預熱至175 °C的乾燥箱中乾燥15 分鐘。然後將經乾燥和硬化的沉澱矽石以均勻層厚度散佈 玻璃盤(直徑30公分)中並在氣候控制箱中於23 °C和 50%相對濕度適應環境達30分鐘。經乾燥和適應環境的樣 品之pH爲8.6。 ❿ 實例1 所用的起始矽石是 Sipernat®2200,其得自 Evonik
DegUSSa GmbH,平均粒子尺寸d5〇是358微米且水含量( 濕份含量)是5.0重量%,其藉前文描述的一般方法硬化 〇 根據實例1之本發明之沉澱矽石的物化性質列於下面 的表2。 -33- 201016604 比較例 附表2含有關於先前技藝的沉澱矽石的物化數據。比 較例1對應於實例1的起始矽石(Sipernat®2200,得自 Evonik Degussa GmbH,其爲作爲載體砂石的市售品)。 比較例2係得自Rhodia Chimie的Tixosil 38 X®,而比較 例 3 係得自 Huber 的 Hubersil 5 1 70®。 表2 : 實例 DBP憮水) [克"1〇〇 克)] 於25瓦特超音波1分鐘 之後的d50 [微米] 於25瓦特超音波1分鐘之 後之<200微米的粒子比例 [體積%] 實例1 228 289.6 22 比較例1 253 33.6 93 比較例2 264 174.7 58 比較例3 204 303 20 表2顯示比較例1和2中測試的沉澱矽石具有足夠的 吸收率但微細粒子比例過高。機械應力(以輸入超音波模 擬)之後的平均直徑d5C比根據本發明硬化的沉澱矽石小 W 得多。類似地,<200微米的粒子比例也比本發明之沉澱 矽石高得多,即,比較用的矽石導致在製造吸收物的期間 內,在捏和機中結塊及提高麈粒形成。比較用的矽石3堅 硬,但其缺點在於吸收率過低。 本發明之實例1和比較例1之比較,硬化的影響變得 特別明顯。比較例1之未硬化的沉澱矽石在機械應力之後 ,d5C比實例1低約88%。反之,機械應力施於比較例1 之未硬化的沉澱矽石上之後,<2 00微米的粒子比例比實 -34- 201016604 例1者高,爲四倍以上。此說明本發明之沉澱矽石明顯比 基本上使用之目前市售的載體矽石來得堅硬。
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Claims (1)
- 201016604 七、申諸專利範圍 1 · 一種沉澱矽石,其 -DBP吸收度(無水)爲210至270克/ 1〇〇克, -暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d5C係22〇至400微米’ -暴於超音波1分鐘之後,小於200微米的粒子比例 低於3 5體積%。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之沉澱矽石,其PH在5.5 至9.5的範圍內且/或暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d5Q爲 φ 270至3 60微米且/或暴於超音波1分鐘之後’小於200 微米的粒子比例爲1-30體積%且/或具有約球粒形狀。 3. —種製造沉澱矽石之方法,其包含下列步驟 a) 提供未暴於超音波之平均粒子尺寸d5()爲230至 6 00微米且濕份含量爲2至70重量%的沉澱矽石 b) 使來自步驟a)的沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性物質或 至少一種鹼性物質的至少一溶液接觸1分鐘至72小時’ 以於溫度爲10至150t下接觸爲佳, _ c) 將該經鹼處理的沉澱矽石乾燥。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中步驟a)中使 用的沉澱矽石之DBP吸收度(無水)爲210至350克/ 100 克。 5·如申請專利範圍第3或4項之方法,其中步驟a) 中使用的沉澱矽石在進行步驟a)之前,被施以至少一個 乾燥步驟,其中這些乾燥步驟的至少一者是在噴嘴塔中進 行;或者步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石在進行步驟a)之前 -36- 201016604 與水接觸以使得水含量爲2至70重量%。 6_如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中步驟b)中使 用的鹼是一種於23 °C和大氣壓下爲氣體且選自氣態烷基胺 和氨的鹼。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中沉澱矽石在 與該氣相鹼接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍內。 8. 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之方法,其中步驟c) @ 中之乾燥係藉至少一種氣體/蒸氣驅離水和鹸而達成,該 至少一種氣體/蒸氣係選自空氣、蒸汽、惰性氣體或前述 氣體和/或蒸氣之混合物,該氣體/蒸氣以溫度高於或等 於20 °C爲佳;或者藉真空乾燥機或藉流式乾燥機(flow dryer )、分段乾燥機(staged dryer )、帶式乾燥機、迴 轉管乾燥機或乾燥箱驅離水和鹼而達成。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中步驟c)中之 乾燥係藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管 Φ 乾燥機或乾燥箱達成,且在步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c )之後,沉澱矽石的pH藉與酸化劑接觸而調整至pH 5.5 至 8.0。 10. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中步驟b)中 使用的鹼係包含至少一種鹼的溶液或爲固體鹼,且該鹼選 自鹼金屬氫氧化物、鹼土金屬氫氧化物、鹼金屬氧化物、 鹼土金屬氧化物、氨、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽和胺之溶液。 11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中在步驟b) 中該沉澱矽石與該鹼溶液之接觸係藉由將鹼溶液噴在沉澱 -37- 201016604 矽石上’藉由將鹼溶液逐滴加至沉澱矽石,或藉由將沉澱 矽石擅入或混入鹼溶液中,或藉由製造沉澱矽石在鹼溶液 中之懸浮液或分散液而達成。 12. 如申請專利範圍第10或11項之方法,其中該沉 澱矽石與該鹸溶液接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍內且/ 或在步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c)之後,沉澱矽石的 pH藉由與酸化劑接觸而調整至PH5至9。 13. —種如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之沉澱 _ 矽石於製造吸收物之用途。 14. 一種吸收物,其包含如申請專利範圍第1至3項 中任一項之沉澱矽石,較佳地,吸收物中被吸收物質的含 量介於5毫升/100克沉澱矽石和230毫升/100克沉澱 矽石之間。 15. 如申請專利範圍第14項之吸收物,其中至少一 種選自甲酸、丙酸、乳酸、磷酸、氯化膽鹼溶液、維生素 E乙酸酯和衍生物、植物萃出物(如萬壽菊萃出物)、三 ◎ 聚氰胺樹脂和漆添加劑的待吸收物質被吸收於沉澱矽石上 -38- 201016604 四、指定代表圈: (一) 本案指定代表圈為:無 (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明:無-3- 201016604 五 本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學 式:無-4-
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DE102011004532A1 (de) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-23 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Hochreines Siliciumdioxidgranulat für Quarzglasanwendungen |
DE102012211121A1 (de) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Evonik Industries Ag | Granuläre, funktionalisierte Kieselsäure, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
DE102014113411A1 (de) | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anorganische, Silica-basierte Feststoff-Schaumpartikel mit geschlossenen Innenporen, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Füll- oder Speicherstoff |
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BR112019016678B1 (pt) * | 2017-02-14 | 2023-12-05 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V | Formulações dispersíveis em água, dispersão aquosa e produtos alimentícios |
DE102017209782A1 (de) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-13 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Wärmedämmung eines evakuierbaren Behälters |
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CA3105678C (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2022-10-18 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Thermal insulating composition based on silica granulates |
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- 2009-07-22 CA CA2732596A patent/CA2732596A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-07-22 KR KR1020117004740A patent/KR101616590B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-07-22 JP JP2011520433A patent/JP5518064B2/ja active Active
- 2009-07-22 RU RU2011107350/05A patent/RU2541063C2/ru active
- 2009-07-22 CN CN200980130873.1A patent/CN102112396B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-22 MX MX2011001126A patent/MX2011001126A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-07-22 WO PCT/EP2009/059431 patent/WO2010012638A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-07-22 ES ES09780931T patent/ES2409712T3/es active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2541063C2 (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
JP2011529842A (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
EP2303777B1 (de) | 2013-03-20 |
JP5518064B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
PL2303777T3 (pl) | 2013-07-31 |
BRPI0916603B1 (pt) | 2019-05-21 |
PT2303777E (pt) | 2013-06-03 |
ES2409712T3 (es) | 2013-06-27 |
CN102112396B (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
EP2303777A1 (de) | 2011-04-06 |
US8962519B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
BRPI0916603A2 (pt) | 2015-11-10 |
US20110136919A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
KR101616590B1 (ko) | 2016-04-28 |
WO2010012638A1 (de) | 2010-02-04 |
RU2011107350A (ru) | 2013-06-20 |
KR20110052671A (ko) | 2011-05-18 |
CA2732596A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
MX2011001126A (es) | 2011-03-29 |
DE102008035867A1 (de) | 2010-02-04 |
TWI503278B (zh) | 2015-10-11 |
CN102112396A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
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